B1 · Intermédiaire Chapitre 2

Raconte tout ! Maîtrise le style indirect pour les questions et les ordres

4 Règles totales
46 exemples
5 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of relaying questions and instructions with precision and confidence.

  • Convert direct questions into reported 'if' or 'wh-' structures.
  • Transform commands and requests into reported speech using infinitives.
  • Apply negative constraints correctly when passing on instructions.
Become the master of the message.

Ce que tu vas apprendre

Prêt à passer au niveau supérieur ? Fini les répétitions mot pour mot ! Dans ce chapitre, tu vas apprendre l'art de rapporter fidèlement ce que les autres disent, sans avoir besoin de guillemets. C’est une étape cruciale pour fluidifier tes récits et tes conversations en anglais. On va s'attaquer ensemble au discours indirect appliqué aux questions et aux ordres. Tu découvriras comment transformer une question fermée en utilisant 'if' ou 'whether', et comment gérer les questions en 'Wh-' (what, where, why) tout en évitant le piège habituel de l'inversion sujet-verbe. On verra aussi comment transmettre des consignes ou des interdictions avec précision grâce à 'to' et 'not to'. Imagine la situation : tu sors d’un entretien d’embauche et tu expliques à tes amis ce que le recruteur t'a demandé : « He asked if I was ready to start. » Ou alors, tu rapportes les consignes d'un manager à un collègue : « She told me not to worry about the deadline. » En maîtrisant ces structures et le fameux 'backshift' (le décalage des temps), tu gagneras une aisance incroyable. À la fin de ce chapitre, tu ne te contenteras plus de citer les gens : tu sauras raconter de vraies histoires avec clarté, précision et naturel !

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: relay yes/no questions accurately using 'if'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: report commands and negative instructions using infinitive structures.

Guide du chapitre

Overview

Imagine effortlessly sharing an interesting conversation you had, relaying a friend's question, or explaining an instruction you received. That's exactly what you'll master in this chapter on English reporting questions and requests! As a B1 English learner, you're already navigating many situations, and this skill will significantly boost your ability to communicate indirectly and naturally.
It's about confidently conveying information without quoting someone word-for-word every time.
We're going to explore how to transform direct questions and commands into smooth, flowing reported speech. You'll learn the essential techniques for reported Yes/No questions using phrases like asked if, how to handle wh-questions like what or where by carefully changing word order and tense, and even how to report clear instructions with reported commands using
told/asked + someone + to + verb.
We'll also cover how to report negative instructions, like when someone tells you "Don't do that!" Get ready to become a conversation expert and connect your ideas more seamlessly!

How This Grammar Works

At its heart, reported speech is about turning someone else's direct words into your own sentence, often after some time has passed. This usually means making a few key changes to the verb tense and word order. Let's break down the rules for B1 English grammar:
When reporting Yes/No questions, the key is to use a reporting verb like asked followed by if or whether (they're often interchangeable) and then convert the question into a statement. The verb tense typically shifts one step back into the past. For instance, Are you busy? becomes
She asked if I was busy.
Notice how are (present) becomes was (past) and the subject-verb order flips from a question to a statement.
For wh-questions (what, where, why, when, how), we use the wh-word itself as the connector, but again, the question structure transforms into a statement, and the tense shifts.
Where do you live?
becomes
He asked where I lived.
The auxiliary do disappears, and live (present) becomes lived (past). The word order is crucial: wh-word + subject + verb.
Reporting commands is simpler and very common. We use a reporting verb like told or asked, followed by the person who received the command, and then to + base verb. Clean your room! becomes
Mom told me to clean my room.
If the command is negative, like "Don't touch that!, we simply add not before to + verb«: »He asked us not to touch that." These structures let you recount instructions clearly and naturally.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Forgetting to shift tense or word order in questions.
✗ She asked where do I live.
✓ She asked where I lived.
*Explanation: After the reporting verb, the reported question becomes a statement with past tense and statement word order (subject-verb).*
  1. 1Using a question mark or question word order in reported questions.
✗ He asked if was I going?
✓ He asked if I was going.
*Explanation: Reported questions are statements, so they end with a period and follow statement word order, even with 'if' or 'whether'.*
  1. 1Mixing up 'tell' and 'say' for commands, or omitting 'to'.
✗ He said me clean my room.
✓ He told me to clean my room.
*Explanation: Use 'told' or 'asked' followed by an object (the person receiving the command) and then 'to + verb' for reported commands.*

Real Conversations

A

A

"Did Sarah say she'd be here on time?"
B

B

I asked her if she would be here on time, and she said yes!
A

A

I wonder what time the movie starts.
B

B

"The receptionist told me what time the movie started when I called. It's at 7 PM."
A

A

"The teacher kept saying, 'Don't forget your homework!'"
B

B

Yes, she often reminds us. She told us not to forget our homework earlier.

Quick FAQ

Q

Do I always have to change the tense when reporting questions or commands?

Generally, yes, especially when the reporting verb (e.g., asked, told) is in the past tense. This is called backshift. However, if the reported information is still true or very recent, you might sometimes keep the present tense, though it's safer for B1 learners to practice backshift.

Q

Can I use 'whether' instead of 'if' for reported Yes/No questions?

Absolutely! Both if and whether are correct and often interchangeable when reporting Yes/No questions.

He asked if I liked coffee
is the same as
He asked whether I liked coffee.

Q

What's the main difference between tell and ask when reporting commands?

You use told when relaying an instruction or order, and asked when relaying a request. For example,

The boss told me to finish the report
implies an instruction, while
My friend asked me to help him move
implies a polite request.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use reported speech constantly in daily conversation to summarize, relay information, and avoid repeating exact words. While the grammatical rules are fairly consistent, the choice of reporting verb can convey nuance. For instance,
He advised me to...
is softer than
He told me to...
.
In more informal settings, people might sometimes skip strict backshifting if the information is very current, but sticking to the rules is best for clarity and B1 fluency. There are no significant regional differences in the core structure of reported questions and commands.

Exemples clés (8)

1

My friend asked if I was going to the party tonight.

Mon ami m'a demandé si j'allais à la soirée ce soir.

Questions indirectes Oui/Non : 'Demandé si...'
2

The interviewer inquired whether I had previous experience in marketing.

L'intervieweur a demandé si j'avais une expérience préalable en marketing.

Questions indirectes Oui/Non : 'Demandé si...'
3

She asked `what I wanted` for dinner.

Elle a demandé ce que je voulais pour le dîner.

Questions rapportées : Utilisation des mots en Wh- (quoi, où, pourquoi)
4

He wanted to know `where the nearest coffee shop was`.

Il voulait savoir où se trouvait le café le plus proche.

Questions rapportées : Utilisation des mots en Wh- (quoi, où, pourquoi)
5

My friend told me to send the funny meme.

Mon ami m'a dit d'envoyer le mème rigolo.

Ordres Rapportés: Dire à quelqu'un quoi faire
6

The instructor asked us to pair up for the exercise.

L'instructeur nous a demandé de nous mettre en binôme pour l'exercice.

Ordres Rapportés: Dire à quelqu'un quoi faire
7

She told me not to open the package yet.

Elle m'a dit de ne pas ouvrir le paquet tout de suite.

Commandes Négatives Rapportées: 'de ne pas...' (Discours Indirect)
8

He asked us not to make any noise during the exam.

Il nous a demandé de ne pas faire de bruit pendant l'examen.

Commandes Négatives Rapportées: 'de ne pas...' (Discours Indirect)

Conseils et astuces (4)

💡

Maîtrise le décalage des temps

Pense à reculer le temps du verbe d'un cran quand tu rapportes une question. Le Présent Simple devient Passé Simple, le Passé Simple devient Passé Composé, 'will' devient 'would', et 'can' devient 'could'. C'est super important pour sonner naturel !
He asked if I worked there.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Questions indirectes Oui/Non : 'Demandé si...'
💡

Entraîne-toi à "dés-inverser"

Après le mot en « Wh- », pense tout de suite « sujet-verbe ». Dis-le à voix haute dans ta tête :
She asked what I wanted,
pas what wanted I. Cet exercice mental t'aidera à bien fixer le bon ordre.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Questions rapportées : Utilisation des mots en Wh- (quoi, où, pourquoi)
💡

Choisis bien ton verbe

Le verbe de narration (tell, ask, order, advise) donne le ton. 'Asked' est plus poli que 'told', et 'ordered' est bien plus fort. Choisis celui qui correspond à l'intention originale de l'interlocuteur.
She asked him to wait here.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ordres Rapportés: Dire à quelqu'un quoi faire
💡

Choisis le bon verbe

Tu veux être précis sur l'intention de la personne ? Choisis le bon verbe introducteur : 'asked' pour une requête polie, 'warned' pour un avertissement, 'ordered' pour un ordre strict, 'advised' pour une recommandation. Ça rend ton récit plus nuancé !
He warned us not to be late.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Commandes Négatives Rapportées: 'de ne pas...' (Discours Indirect)

Vocabulaire clé (5)

Reported relayed speech Infinitive to + verb base Command an order Inquire to ask Instruction a direction

Real-World Preview

briefcase

The Office Assistant

Review Summary

  • Asked + if + subject + verb
  • Asked + wh-word + subject + verb
  • Told/Ordered + someone + to + verb
  • Told + someone + NOT + to + verb

Erreurs courantes

In reported questions, do not use the auxiliary 'did'. The word order must be statement order, not question order.

Wrong: He asked me did I like it.
Correct: He asked me if I liked it.

The 'not' must come before the 'to'. Placing it after is a common syntax error.

Wrong: She told me to not go.
Correct: She told me not to go.

We use 'told' with an object (me, him, her), but 'said' is not followed by an object in this structure.

Wrong: He said me to leave.
Correct: He told me to leave.

Next Steps

You have mastered a very difficult area of English grammar. Keep practicing in your daily conversations!

Rewrite a local news story using reported speech

Pratique rapide (10)

Choisis la forme correcte pour compléter la commande rapportée.

My mom told me ___ my room before dinner.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to clean
Les commandes rapportées utilisent 'to' + la forme de base du verbe après l'objet. 'To clean' est la forme infinitive correcte ici.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ordres Rapportés: Dire à quelqu'un quoi faire

Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans l'ordre rapporté.

Find and fix the mistake:

My sister told me don't touch her diary.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My sister told me not to touch her diary.
La structure correcte pour les ordres négatifs rapportés est 'verbe introducteur + objet + not to + verbe de base'. 'Don't' n'est utilisé que dans les ordres directs.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Commandes Négatives Rapportées: 'de ne pas...' (Discours Indirect)

Choisis la forme correcte pour compléter la question indirecte.

The teacher asked `what the answer ___` .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: was
Puisque le verbe rapporteur asked est au passé, le verbe dans la question indirecte passe aussi au passé (was).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Questions rapportées : Utilisation des mots en Wh- (quoi, où, pourquoi)

Quelle phrase rapporte correctement la commande 'Don't interrupt!' ?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She asked him not to interrupt.
Pour les commandes rapportées négatives, nous plaçons 'not' avant 'to' + la forme de base du verbe. 'Not to interrupt' est la structure correcte.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ordres Rapportés: Dire à quelqu'un quoi faire

Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans la question rapportée.

Find and fix the mistake:

He asked if was I ready for the presentation.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He asked if I was ready for the presentation.
Les questions rapportées exigent l'ordre des mots d'une affirmation (sujet + verbe), pas l'ordre des mots d'une question. 'I was' est correct, pas 'was I'. De plus, le temps se décale de 'am' (implicite dans la question directe) à 'was'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Questions indirectes Oui/Non : 'Demandé si...'

Choisis la forme correcte pour compléter l'ordre rapporté.

The coach warned the players _____ late for practice.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: not to be
Dans les ordres négatifs rapportés, on utilise toujours 'not to' suivi de la forme de base du verbe. 'Don't be' et 'didn't be' sont incorrects pour le discours indirect.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Commandes Négatives Rapportées: 'de ne pas...' (Discours Indirect)

Quelle phrase rapporte correctement l'ordre négatif ?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He advised them not to waste time.
La forme correcte pour les ordres négatifs rapportés est 'not to' + verbe de base. Les options utilisant 'don't' ou 'didn't' sont incorrectes.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Commandes Négatives Rapportées: 'de ne pas...' (Discours Indirect)

Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans la commande rapportée.

Find and fix the mistake:

The teacher told studying harder.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The teacher told us to study harder.
Deux erreurs ici ! Il te faut un objet après 'told' (à qui a-t-on dit ?), et le verbe après 'to' doit être à sa forme de base ('study', pas 'studying').

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ordres Rapportés: Dire à quelqu'un quoi faire

Quelle question rapportée est grammaticalement correcte ?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She asked if I needed help.
Pour les questions oui/non rapportées, nous utilisons 'if' ou 'whether', pas 'that'. De plus, l'ordre des mots doit être sujet-verbe, pas l'ordre des mots d'une question. 'Did I need help' est une structure incorrecte pour le discours rapporté.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Questions indirectes Oui/Non : 'Demandé si...'

Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans la question indirecte.

Find and fix the mistake:

He wondered why was she late?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He wondered why she was late.
Dans les questions indirectes, l'ordre des mots après le mot en « Wh- » doit être sujet + verbe (ordre affirmatif), et non inversé comme une question directe.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Questions rapportées : Utilisation des mots en Wh- (quoi, où, pourquoi)

Score: /10

Questions fréquentes (6)

C'est quand tu racontes à quelqu'un quelle question 'oui/non' a été posée. Au lieu de citer directement comme Are you hungry ?, tu la transformes en une affirmation comme
He asked if I was hungry.
Les deux, 'if' et 'whether', sont généralement corrects pour les questions 'oui/non' rapportées. 'Whether' peut sembler un peu plus formel, ou il peut être utilisé lorsqu'il y a un choix clair, comme
She asked whether I wanted coffee or tea.
Ce sont des façons indirectes de rapporter une question directe qui commençait par un mot en « Wh- » (what, where, why, etc.). Par exemple,
He asked what I wanted
rapporte la question directe
What do you want?
On les utilise pour intégrer une question fluidement dans une phrase affirmative, ce qui rend notre discours plus naturel et souvent plus poli. Il s'agit de transmettre de l'information plutôt que de demander directement.
Une commande rapportée, c'est quand tu racontes ce que quelqu'un d'autre t'a dit ou demandé de faire, sans utiliser ses mots exacts. Par exemple, au lieu de 'He said, Clean your room!', tu dis : He told me to clean my room.
Tu utilises généralement : Sujet + Verbe de Narration (par exemple, 'told', 'asked') + Objet (qui a reçu la commande) + to + Forme de Base du Verbe. Par exemple, She asked him to open the door.