B1 · متوسط فصل 2

Reporting Questions and Requests

4 مجموع قواعد
46 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of relaying questions and instructions with precision and confidence.

  • Convert direct questions into reported 'if' or 'wh-' structures.
  • Transform commands and requests into reported speech using infinitives.
  • Apply negative constraints correctly when passing on instructions.
Become the master of the message.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Get ready to confidently share exactly what was said! This chapter empowers you to accurately report questions, whether they started with 'why' or needed a simple 'yes/no,' and even what commands you heard. You'll be a conversation expert!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: relay yes/no questions accurately using 'if'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: report commands and negative instructions using infinitive structures.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Imagine effortlessly sharing an interesting conversation you had, relaying a friend's question, or explaining an instruction you received. That's exactly what you'll master in this chapter on English reporting questions and requests! As a B1 English learner, you're already navigating many situations, and this skill will significantly boost your ability to communicate indirectly and naturally.
It's about confidently conveying information without quoting someone word-for-word every time.
We're going to explore how to transform direct questions and commands into smooth, flowing reported speech. You'll learn the essential techniques for reported Yes/No questions using phrases like asked if, how to handle wh-questions like what or where by carefully changing word order and tense, and even how to report clear instructions with reported commands using
told/asked + someone + to + verb.
We'll also cover how to report negative instructions, like when someone tells you "Don't do that!" Get ready to become a conversation expert and connect your ideas more seamlessly!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At its heart, reported speech is about turning someone else's direct words into your own sentence, often after some time has passed. This usually means making a few key changes to the verb tense and word order. Let's break down the rules for B1 English grammar:
When reporting Yes/No questions, the key is to use a reporting verb like asked followed by if or whether (they're often interchangeable) and then convert the question into a statement. The verb tense typically shifts one step back into the past. For instance, Are you busy? becomes
She asked if I was busy.
Notice how are (present) becomes was (past) and the subject-verb order flips from a question to a statement.
For wh-questions (what, where, why, when, how), we use the wh-word itself as the connector, but again, the question structure transforms into a statement, and the tense shifts.
Where do you live?
becomes
He asked where I lived.
The auxiliary do disappears, and live (present) becomes lived (past). The word order is crucial: wh-word + subject + verb.
Reporting commands is simpler and very common. We use a reporting verb like told or asked, followed by the person who received the command, and then to + base verb. Clean your room! becomes
Mom told me to clean my room.
If the command is negative, like "Don't touch that!, we simply add not before to + verb«: »He asked us not to touch that." These structures let you recount instructions clearly and naturally.

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Forgetting to shift tense or word order in questions.
✗ She asked where do I live.
✓ She asked where I lived.
*Explanation: After the reporting verb, the reported question becomes a statement with past tense and statement word order (subject-verb).*
  1. 1Using a question mark or question word order in reported questions.
✗ He asked if was I going?
✓ He asked if I was going.
*Explanation: Reported questions are statements, so they end with a period and follow statement word order, even with 'if' or 'whether'.*
  1. 1Mixing up 'tell' and 'say' for commands, or omitting 'to'.
✗ He said me clean my room.
✓ He told me to clean my room.
*Explanation: Use 'told' or 'asked' followed by an object (the person receiving the command) and then 'to + verb' for reported commands.*

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

"Did Sarah say she'd be here on time?"
B

B

I asked her if she would be here on time, and she said yes!
A

A

I wonder what time the movie starts.
B

B

"The receptionist told me what time the movie started when I called. It's at 7 PM."
A

A

"The teacher kept saying, 'Don't forget your homework!'"
B

B

Yes, she often reminds us. She told us not to forget our homework earlier.

سؤالات رایج

Q

Do I always have to change the tense when reporting questions or commands?

Generally, yes, especially when the reporting verb (e.g., asked, told) is in the past tense. This is called backshift. However, if the reported information is still true or very recent, you might sometimes keep the present tense, though it's safer for B1 learners to practice backshift.

Q

Can I use 'whether' instead of 'if' for reported Yes/No questions?

Absolutely! Both if and whether are correct and often interchangeable when reporting Yes/No questions.

He asked if I liked coffee
is the same as
He asked whether I liked coffee.

Q

What's the main difference between tell and ask when reporting commands?

You use told when relaying an instruction or order, and asked when relaying a request. For example,

The boss told me to finish the report
implies an instruction, while
My friend asked me to help him move
implies a polite request.

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use reported speech constantly in daily conversation to summarize, relay information, and avoid repeating exact words. While the grammatical rules are fairly consistent, the choice of reporting verb can convey nuance. For instance,
He advised me to...
is softer than
He told me to...
.
In more informal settings, people might sometimes skip strict backshifting if the information is very current, but sticking to the rules is best for clarity and B1 fluency. There are no significant regional differences in the core structure of reported questions and commands.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

He asked if I was busy.

پرسید که آیا سرم شلوغه.

سوالات گزارش شده بله/خیر: 'پرسید که آیا...'
2

She asked if I liked the photo.

پرسید که آیا از این عکس خوشم میاد.

سوالات گزارش شده بله/خیر: 'پرسید که آیا...'
3

He asked where the nearest bus stop was.

او پرسید نزدیک‌ترین ایستگاه اتوبوس کجا بود.

سوالات نقل قول شده: استفاده از کلمات پرسشی (چه، کجا، چرا)
4

She wanted to know why I was late for the Zoom call.

او می‌خواست بداند چرا برای تماس زوم دیر کرده بودم.

سوالات نقل قول شده: استفاده از کلمات پرسشی (چه، کجا، چرا)
5

He told me to call him back.

او به من گفت باهاش تماس بگیرم.

دستورات نقل قول شده: به کسی گفتن که چه کاری انجام دهد
6

The app asked me to rate my experience.

برنامه از من خواست تجربه‌مو امتیاز بدم.

دستورات نقل قول شده: به کسی گفتن که چه کاری انجام دهد
7

She told me not to open the package yet.

اون بهم گفت هنوز بسته رو باز نکنم.

دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: 'عدم انجام...' (گفتار نقل شده)
8

He asked us not to make any noise during the exam.

از ما خواست که موقع امتحان سر و صدا نکنیم.

دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: 'عدم انجام...' (گفتار نقل شده)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

قانون "Do"

این کلمه‌ها do, does, did فقط وقتی سوال مستقیم می‌پرسی میان. وقتی می‌خوای حرف کسی رو گزارش کنی، اینا رو باید حذف کنی.
He asked if I liked coffee.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سوالات گزارش شده بله/خیر: 'پرسید که آیا...'
⚠️

خطر 'Do'

توی سوال‌های نقل‌قول شده، هیچ وقت از 'do' یا 'does' یا 'did' استفاده نکن. اینا غیب میشن! مثلاً اگه سوال اصلی
Why do you ask?
باشه، وقتی گزارش میدی میشه
He asked why I asked.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سوالات نقل قول شده: استفاده از کلمات پرسشی (چه، کجا، چرا)
⚠️

فعل 'told' و 'to'

هیچ‌وقت نگو 'told to me'! همیشه اول شخص میاد بعد 'to'. مثلاً:
He told *me* to call.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات نقل قول شده: به کسی گفتن که چه کاری انجام دهد
💡

فعل مناسب رو انتخاب کن

فعل گزارش‌دهنده (reporting verb) معنی جمله رو عمیق‌تر میکنه. برای درخواست‌های مؤدبانه از 'asked'، برای هشدارها از 'warned'، برای دستورات اکید از 'ordered' و برای توصیه‌ها از 'advised' استفاده کن. اینجوری گزارشت دقیق‌تر میشه!
It makes your reporting more precise!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: 'عدم انجام...' (گفتار نقل شده)

واژگان کلیدی (5)

Reported relayed speech Infinitive to + verb base Command an order Inquire to ask Instruction a direction

Real-World Preview

briefcase

The Office Assistant

Review Summary

  • Asked + if + subject + verb
  • Asked + wh-word + subject + verb
  • Told/Ordered + someone + to + verb
  • Told + someone + NOT + to + verb

اشتباهات رایج

In reported questions, do not use the auxiliary 'did'. The word order must be statement order, not question order.

Wrong: He asked me did I like it.
صحیح: He asked me if I liked it.

The 'not' must come before the 'to'. Placing it after is a common syntax error.

Wrong: She told me to not go.
صحیح: She told me not to go.

We use 'told' with an object (me, him, her), but 'said' is not followed by an object in this structure.

Wrong: He said me to leave.
صحیح: He told me to leave.

قواعد این فصل (4)

1

سوالات گزارش شده بله/خیر: 'پرسید که آیا...'

B1
وقتی می‌خوای سوالای «بله/نه» رو گزارش کنی، مثل یه کارآگاه عمل کن! از asked if استفاده کن و جمله رو به زمان گذشته بگو. اینجوری asked if یه چسب قویه برای حرفای گزارش شده.
My friend asked if I was going to the party tonigh...
10 مثال‌ها
2

سوالات نقل قول شده: استفاده از کلمات پرسشی (چه، کجا، چرا)

B1
وقتی سوالای wh رو گزارش می‌کنی، در واقع سوال رو تبدیل به یه جمله خبری می‌کنی. فقط جای «کلمات» رو عوض می‌کنی و «زمان فعل» رو یه پله میبری عقب.
She asked `what I wanted` for dinner.
12 مثال‌ها
3

دستورات نقل قول شده: به کسی گفتن که چه کاری انجام دهد

B1
برای گزارش دستورها و درخواست‌ها، از 'told/asked + someone + to + verb' استفاده کن تا حرف بقیه رو قشنگ منتقل کنی.
My friend told me to send the funny meme.
12 مثال‌ها
4

دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: 'عدم انجام...' (گفتار نقل شده)

B1
برای اینکه دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم رو طبیعی و درست بگی، not to رو خوب یاد بگیر؛ انتخاب فعل reporting verbs خیلی مهمه!
She told me not to open the package yet.
12 مثال‌ها

Next Steps

You have mastered a very difficult area of English grammar. Keep practicing in your daily conversations!

Rewrite a local news story using reported speech

Continue to: Talking About Life Experiences

تمرین سریع (10)

شکل صحیح رو برای تکمیل دستور غیرمستقیم انتخاب کن.

مربی به بازیکنان هشدار داد که برای تمرین _____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: not to be
در دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم، همیشه از 'not to' و بعد از اون شکل اصلی فعل استفاده میکنیم. 'Don't be' و 'didn't be' برای گفتار غیرمستقیم غلط هستن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: 'عدم انجام...' (گفتار نقل شده)

کدوم جمله، دستور منفی رو به درستی گزارش میکنه؟

جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He advised them not to waste time.
شکل صحیح برای دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم 'not to' + فعل اصلیه. گزینه‌هایی که از 'don't' یا 'didn't' استفاده میکنن غلط هستن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: 'عدم انجام...' (گفتار نقل شده)

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

He asked how can he help me.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He asked how he could help me.
فعل مدال 'can' باید به 'could' برگرده و فاعل 'he' باید قبل از فعل بیاد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سوالات نقل قول شده: استفاده از کلمات پرسشی (چه، کجا، چرا)

جای خالی رو با کلمه درست پر کن تا سوال گزارش شده کامل بشه.

Direct: 'Are you hungry?' -> Reported: He asked if I ___ hungry.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: was
تو نقل قول غیرمستقیم، are زمان حال به was زمان گذشته (برای I) برمی‌گرده.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سوالات گزارش شده بله/خیر: 'پرسید که آیا...'

اشتباه این جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

The manager told to us finish the project.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The manager told us to finish the project.
توی انگلیسی، بعد از 'told' کلمه 'to' رو قبل از شخص نمی‌ذاریم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات نقل قول شده: به کسی گفتن که چه کاری انجام دهد

کدوم جمله برای گزارش 'Please help me.' درسته؟

جمله گزارش شده صحیح رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She asked me to help her.
هم به شخص ('me') و هم به مصدر ('to help') نیاز داری.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات نقل قول شده: به کسی گفتن که چه کاری انجام دهد

اشتباه رو توی دستور غیرمستقیم پیدا و تصحیح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

My sister told me don't touch her diary.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My sister told me not to touch her diary.
ساختار صحیح برای دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم 'reporting verb + object + not to + base verb' هست. 'Don't' فقط توی دستورات مستقیم استفاده میشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: 'عدم انجام...' (گفتار نقل شده)

کدوم جمله درست گزارش شده؟

Direct Question: 'Do you like pizza?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He asked if I liked pizza.
do رو حذف می‌کنیم و فعل like رو به زمان گذشته liked تغییر میدیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سوالات گزارش شده بله/خیر: 'پرسید که آیا...'

جای خالی رو با ترتیب کلمات درست پر کن.

He asked me where ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: the library was
توی گفتار نقل‌قول شده، از ترتیب کلمات جمله خبری (فاعل + فعل) استفاده می‌کنیم، پس 'the library was' درسته.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سوالات نقل قول شده: استفاده از کلمات پرسشی (چه، کجا، چرا)

اشتباه رو تو سوال گزارش شده پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

She asked if was I ready.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She asked if I was ready.
سوالات گزارش شده از ترتیب کلمات جمله خبری (فاعل + فعل) استفاده می‌کنن، نه ترتیب سوالی (فعل + فاعل).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: سوالات گزارش شده بله/خیر: 'پرسید که آیا...'

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

if مثل یه جایگزین برای کلمات پرسشیه. چون سوالات «بله/نه» کلماتی مثل «کجا» یا «چرا» ندارن، if به شنونده میگه که یه سوال پرسیده شده.
He asked if I was ready.
آره، اگه اون اتفاق هنوز هم راسته. مثلاً
He asks if I am busy
(الان داره ازم می‌پرسه). ولی معمولاً گزارش سوالات درباره گذشته‌ست.
چون دیگه سوال نیست. توی انگلیسی، فقط وقتی واقعا داریم سوال می‌پرسیم، فعل رو قبل از فاعل میاریم. توی نقل‌قول، از ترتیب جمله خبری عادی استفاده می‌کنیم: 'where the party was'.
یه پله دیگه به گذشته میره، یعنی Past Perfect میشه. مثلاً: Where were you? تبدیل میشه به
She asked where I had been
.
برای دستورات مستقیم یا وقتی کسی ازت قوی‌تره، از 'told' استفاده کن. اگه طرف از 'please' استفاده کرده یا محترمانه درخواست کرده، از 'asked' استفاده کن:
She asked me to help her.
vs
He told me to shut up.
نه! فعلی که بعد از 'to' میاد همیشه به شکل ساده‌شه (مثلاً 'to go', 'to wait'):
The app reminded me to *drink* water.
فصل قبلی
Repeating What People Said
فصل بعدی
Talking About Life Experiences
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