دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: 'عدم انجام...' (گفتار نقل شده)
not to رو خوب یاد بگیر؛ انتخاب فعل reporting verbs خیلی مهمه!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To report a 'don't' command, use 'not to' + the verb after the person being told.
- Replace 'don't' with 'not to' (e.g., 'Don't go' becomes 'not to go').
- Always include the person being told (e.g., 'He told ME not to...').
- Use reporting verbs like 'told', 'asked', or 'warned' to set the tone.
مرور کلی
not to go بیان میشود. تسلط بر این مبحث، تفاوت بین یک زبانآموز مبتدی و یک فرد مسلط به زبان انگلیسی در سطح B1 است.tell, ask, warn, advise و order به یک متمم نیاز دارند.not to + base form of the verb پیروی میکند. این ساختار در واقع یک «مصدر منفی» است که نقش مفعولی دارد. نکته مهم این است که در انگلیسی، برخلاف فارسی که میتوانیم فاعل را حذف کنیم (چون شناسه فعل مشخص است)، در این ساختار انگلیسی، وجود «مفعول» (شخصی که دستور را دریافت کرده) الزامی است.He told me not to be late، کلمه me مفعول است و بدون آن جمله از نظر دستوری ناقص است. در فارسی ما میتوانیم بگوییم «او گفت دیر نکنم»، اما در انگلیسی باید مشخص کنیم «چه کسی» مورد خطاب بوده است. این تفاوت در ساختار، باعث میشود که زبانآموزان فارسیزبان گاهی در ترجمه دچار مشکل شوند چون عادت دارند فاعل را در جمله مستتر کنند.not to در انگلیسی ثابت است و هیچگاه با تغییر زمان فعل گزارشدهنده (مثلاً از tell به told) تغییر نمیکند. تنها فعل گزارشدهنده است که با زمان جمله هماهنگ میشود.Subject + Reporting Verb + Object + not to + Base Form of the VerbHe, My boss, The teacher |told, warned, advised |me, him, the students |not to |go, eat, smoke |The manager told us not to leave the office early. (مدیر به ما گفت که زود اداره را ترک نکنیم.) همانطور که میبینید، not to قبل از فعل اصلی leave قرار گرفته است.- 1بیان ممنوعیتها و قوانین: در محیطهای رسمی مثل دانشگاه یا اداره، وقتی میخواهید قوانینی را که به شما گفته شده بازگو کنید. مثلاً:
The professor instructed us not to use our phones during the exam. - 2انتقال هشدارها: وقتی کسی شما را از خطری آگاه کرده است. مثال:
The guide warned the tourists not to swim in the river. - 3ارائه توصیههای دوستانه یا حرفهای: وقتی میخواهید پیشنهادی را که از کسی گرفتهاید به دیگری بگویید. مثال:
My doctor advised me not to eat junk food. - 4کاهش تندی لحن: گاهی استفاده از این ساختار نسبت به نقلقول مستقیم، مودبانهتر و غیرمستقیمتر است. این ویژگی در فرهنگ انگلیسیزبان برای اجتناب از درگیری مستقیم بسیار مهم است. در محیطهای کاری، بهجای اینکه مستقیم بگویید «این کار را نکن»، میتوانید بگویید «مدیر گفت که این کار را انجام ندهیم» که لحن ملایمتری دارد.
- 1استفاده از
don'tیاdidn'tبه جایnot to: زبانآموزان فارسیزبان به دلیل ساختار زبان مادری، تمایل دارند ازdon'tاستفاده کنند. مثلاً میگویندHe told me don't goکه کاملاً غلط است. دلیل آن این است که در فارسی فعل امر منفی را با «نـ» میسازیم و ذهن ما به دنبال معادل آن میگردد. در انگلیسی باید ازnot toاستفاده کنید. - 2حذف مفعول: در فارسی ما میگوییم «استاد گفت دیر نیاییم». در انگلیسی حذف مفعول باعث میشود جمله ناقص شود. باید بگویید
The teacher told us not to be late. فراموش کردنusیاmeاشتباه رایج ناشی از ساختار «فعلمحور» فارسی است. - 3استفاده از فعل اشتباه بعد از
not to: زبانآموزان گاهی فراموش میکنند که بعد ازnot toباید از شکل ساده فعل استفاده کنند و به اشتباه ازingیا زمان گذشته استفاده میکنند (مثلاًnot to goingیاnot to went). این به دلیل عدم تمرکز بر قانون «مصدر بدون to» است.
He told me to go. | به من گفت بروم. |He told me not to go. | به من گفت نروم. |He said that he didn't go. | او گفت که نرفت. |to یا not to استفاده میکنیم، اما در Reported Statement (جملات خبری)، از that و تغییر زمان فعل استفاده میکنیم. این یکی از بزرگترین چالشها برای زبانآموزان است که باید بین این دو تفکیک قائل شوند.- 1آیا میتوانم از
thatدر این جملات استفاده کنم؟ خیر، در دستورات گزارششده (Commands) ما ازthatاستفاده نمیکنیم. استفاده ازthatمخصوص جملات خبری (Statements) است. - 2آیا ترتیب مفعول و
not toهمیشه ثابت است؟ بله، مفعول همیشه بلافاصله بعد از فعل گزارشدهنده میآید و سپسnot toقرار میگیرد. - 3آیا میتوانم از هر فعل گزارشدهندهای استفاده کنم؟ اکثر فعلهای گزارشدهنده که معنای دستور یا پیشنهاد میدهند (مثل
ask,tell,warn,advise) با این ساختار سازگار هستند، اما برخی فعلها مثلsuggestساختار متفاوتی دارند (مثلاًsuggested that we not go). برای سطح B1، تمرکز بر روی فعلهایtellوaskوwarnبهترین شروع است.
2. Structure of Negative Reported Commands
| Reporting Verb | Object (Person) | Negative Particle | Infinitive | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
told
|
me
|
not
|
to go
|
He told me not to go.
|
|
asked
|
him
|
not
|
to stay
|
She asked him not to stay.
|
|
warned
|
us
|
not
|
to touch
|
They warned us not to touch.
|
|
ordered
|
them
|
not
|
to move
|
The captain ordered them not to move.
|
|
begged
|
her
|
not
|
to cry
|
I begged her not to cry.
|
|
reminded
|
you
|
not
|
to forget
|
I reminded you not to forget.
|
Meanings
The structure used to relay a negative command, order, or request that someone else previously gave, without using their exact words.
Reporting a Direct Order
Used when someone in authority gives a firm instruction to stop or avoid an action.
“The police officer ordered the driver not to move.”
“My boss told me not to miss the deadline.”
Reporting a Polite Request
Used when someone asks nicely for an action to be avoided.
“She asked her roommate not to play loud music.”
“The librarian asked us not to talk so loudly.”
Reporting a Warning
Used when the instruction is for the person's safety or to avoid a negative consequence.
“The lifeguard warned the kids not to swim too far out.”
“My mom warned me not to walk home alone at night.”
Reference Table
| دستور مستقیم | فعل گزارشدهنده | مفعول | دستور غیرمستقیم |
|---|---|---|---|
|
"Don't run!"
|
told
|
us
|
He told us not to run.
|
|
"Do not feed the animals."
|
warned
|
visitors
|
The zookeeper warned visitors not to feed the animals.
|
|
"Please don't be late."
|
asked
|
her
|
He asked her not to be late.
|
|
"Don't worry about it."
|
advised
|
me
|
She advised me not to worry about it.
|
|
"Don't touch!"
|
ordered
|
him
|
The guard ordered him not to touch.
|
|
"Don't forget your keys."
|
reminded
|
them
|
I reminded them not to forget their keys.
|
|
"Don't smoke here."
|
forbade
|
them
|
The manager forbade them to smoke here.
|
طیف رسمیت
The supervisor instructed the employees not to disclose the password. (Workplace security)
The boss told us not to share the password. (Workplace security)
My boss said not to give out the password. (Workplace security)
Boss-man said: don't leak the pass. (Workplace security)
دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم: فرمول 'not to'
ساختار اصلی
- Subject + Verb She told
- Object me
- Not to not to
- Base Verb forget
افعال گزارشدهنده
- Told He told me
- Asked She asked him
- Warned They warned us
- Advised I advised her
- Ordered The guard ordered them
- Forbade The rule forbade him
اشتباهات رایج
- Don't / Didn't NOT 'told me don't'
- Verb Form NOT 'not to going'
- Missing Object NOT 'warned not to'
دستورات منفی: مستقیم در مقابل غیرمستقیم
تبدیل به دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم
آیا دستور اصلی منفیه (مثل "Don't...", "Do not...")؟
آیا شخص خاصی دستور رو دریافت میکنه (مفعول داره)؟
آیا دستور مستقیم شامل 'Don't' یا 'Do not' میشه؟
فعل اصلی توی دستور چیه؟
آیا فعل گزارشدهنده در زمان صحیح (معمولاً گذشته ساده اگه رویداد گذشته رو گزارش میکنی) هست؟
کی از دستورات منفی غیرمستقیم استفاده کنیم؟
ممنوعیتها
- • قوانین و مقررات
- • قوانین
- • مناطق ممنوعه
هشدارها
- • خطرات ایمنی
- • خطرات احتمالی
- • پیامدهای بد
توصیهها
- • پیشنهادات
- • رهنمودها
- • راهنماییها (منفی)
درخواستها
- • عدم انجام کارهای مؤدبانه
- • درخواستهای رسمی
- • درخواست مؤدبانه برای انجام ندادن کاری
مثالها بر اساس سطح
He told me not to go.
She told him not to cry.
The teacher told us not to talk.
Mom told me not to eat the cake.
The doctor told her not to smoke.
I asked my friend not to be late.
The sign told us not to walk on the grass.
He warned me not to touch the oven.
The manager told the staff not to use the main elevator.
She begged him not to leave her alone.
The instructor warned us not to dive in the shallow end.
I told the kids not to make a mess in the living room.
The police ordered the protesters not to block the entrance.
The manual explicitly warns users not to open the battery compartment.
He advised me not to invest all my money in one stock.
The coach urged the players not to lose focus in the final minutes.
The judge admonished the witness not to speculate on the defendant's motives.
The treaty binds both nations not to develop nuclear weapons.
She cautioned her colleagues not to underestimate the competition.
The professor instructed the students not to cite Wikipedia in their final papers.
The board of directors petitioned the CEO not to proceed with the merger.
The document exhorts readers not to succumb to societal pressures.
He was strictly enjoined not to divulge the secret to anyone.
The guidelines implore visitors not to disturb the delicate ecosystem of the cave.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners often try to use 'that' clauses for commands.
Using 'say' with an object or 'tell' without one.
Using 'not' with 'forbid'.
اشتباهات رایج
He told me don't go.
He told me not to go.
She said me not to eat.
She told me not to eat.
I told not to run.
I told them not to run.
He told me to not touch.
He told me not to touch.
The doctor asked me don't smoke.
The doctor asked me not to smoke.
He warned me to not go.
He warned me not to go.
She told to him not to wait.
She told him not to wait.
He suggested me not to go.
He suggested that I not go. / He told me not to go.
The sign said not to enter.
The sign told us not to enter.
He told me not to forgot.
He told me not to forget.
He forbade me not to go.
He forbade me to go.
الگوهای جملهسازی
My ___ told me not to ___.
The ___ warned the ___ not to ___.
I would strongly advise you not to ___.
They were explicitly instructed not to ___.
Real World Usage
The safety officer told us not to enter the zone without a helmet.
I told you not to draw on the walls!
She told me not to post that video of her.
The doctor warned him not to exercise for two weeks.
The guide asked the group not to take photos inside the temple.
The officer ordered the suspect not to move his hands.
فعل مناسب رو انتخاب کن
It makes your reporting more precise!
از 'Don't' یا 'Didn't' استفاده نکن
The correct form is always object + not to + base verb.همیشه یک مفعول (Object) بیار
You need to specify *who* received the command, otherwise it sounds incomplete.
بیان مستقیم رو ملایم کن
hint, hint instead of a do this!"فعل اصلی (Base Verb) کلید کاره
Smart Tips
Cross out the 'Don't' in your mind and write 'Not To' immediately.
Check if the original sentence had 'Please'. If yes, use 'asked'. If no, use 'told'.
Imagine the person is a bridge. You can't get to the 'not to' without crossing the person first.
Avoid 'to not' (split infinitive). Keep 'not' and 'to' together as 'not to'.
تلفظ
Stress on 'Not'
In negative reported commands, the word 'not' is usually stressed to emphasize the prohibition.
Reduction of 'to'
The word 'to' is often reduced to a schwa sound /tə/.
Falling Intonation
He told me not to ↘go.
Conveys a final, firm command.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Remember 'NOT TO' — the 'NOT' always comes first, just like you say 'NO' before you do anything else.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a big red 'X' (Not) standing in front of a 'To' sign. The 'X' blocks the path to the action.
Rhyme
When 'Don't' is what they said, put 'Not To' in your head.
Story
A boss tells an employee, 'Don't be late!' The employee goes home and tells his wife, 'My boss told me not to be late.' The wife then tells the kids, 'Your dad was told not to be late.' The chain of 'not to' keeps everyone on time.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look at the next 3 'Don't' signs you see (e.g., 'Don't walk', 'Don't smoke') and say them out loud as reported commands: 'The sign told me not to...'
نکات فرهنگی
In the UK, 'told' is very common, but 'asked' is used frequently even for firm commands to maintain a level of politeness.
Americans often use 'said not to' in informal speech, even though 'told me not to' is grammatically 'better'.
In global business English, using 'warned' or 'instructed' is preferred over 'told' to sound more precise and professional.
The use of the infinitive to report commands dates back to Old English, though the 'not to' word order became standardized in Middle English as the auxiliary 'do' (don't) developed.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
What is something your parents always told you not to do when you were a kid?
Has a doctor ever warned you not to eat or drink something?
What did the flight attendant tell the passengers not to do during the flight?
If you were a boss, what would you tell your employees not to do?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
مربی به بازیکنان هشدار داد که برای تمرین _____.
Find and fix the mistake:
My sister told me don't touch her diary.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن:
Score: /4
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesThe teacher told the students ___ (not/talk) during the exam.
Find and fix the mistake:
He told me don't touch his phone.
The lifeguard ___ the children not to swim near the rocks.
She ___ me ___ late.
1. 'Don't smoke!' 2. 'Please don't wait.'
A: What did the boss say about the meeting? B: He told us ___.
A: He told me not to go. B: He told me to not go.
warned / not / the / us / to / fire / touch / man
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesتابلو به رانندهها دستور داد که توی پارکینگ موتورهاشون رو _____.
My manager asked me don't forget the report.
جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن:
Translate into English: 'Ella le aconsejó que no se rindiera.'
این کلمات رو مرتب کن تا یه جمله بسازی:
دستور منفی مستقیم رو با شکل غیرمستقیم صحیحش مطابقت بده:
افسر پلیس _____ هیچکس _____ صحنه جرم.
She reminded him not forgetting his keys.
مستقیم: "لطفاً مزاحمم نشو." غیرمستقیم:
Translate into English: 'Nos prohibieron usar los móviles en la biblioteca.'
این کلمات رو مرتب کن تا یه دستور منفی غیرمستقیم معنیدار بسازی:
Score: /11
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes, but you must say 'said to me not to...' or just 'said not to...'. 'Told' is much more common and natural for commands.
No, it's a 'split infinitive'. It's very common in spoken English, but in formal writing or exams, 'not to' is the safer, more traditional choice.
If you don't want to mention the person, you can use 'said not to' or 'suggested not...ing'. For example: 'He said not to enter.'
Yes! Just like other reported speech, 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day' and 'here' becomes 'there'.
Usually, 'mustn't' in direct speech is reported as 'not to'. For example: 'You mustn't touch it' becomes 'He told me not to touch it.'
Use the verb 'asked'. For example: 'Please don't go' becomes 'He asked me not to go.'
No, it is always the base form (infinitive). You don't add -ed, -s, or -ing.
You can use 'instructed', 'admonished', 'enjoined', or 'cautioned'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Me dijo que no lo hiciera
English uses 'not to + verb', Spanish uses 'that + subjunctive'.
Il m'a dit de ne pas le faire
The word order 'ne pas' is almost identical to 'not to'.
Er sagte mir, es nicht zu tun
The verb moves to the end in German.
Suru-na to iwareta
Japanese keeps the negative command form inside a quote-like structure.
Amara-ni alla af'al
Arabic requires a specific particle and verb mood change.
Ta jiao wo bu yao zuo
Chinese does not have an infinitive 'to' marker.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
Related Grammar Rules
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