دستورات نقل قول شده: به کسی گفتن که چه کاری انجام دهد
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To report a command, use a reporting verb like 'tell' or 'ask' followed by an object and a 'to-infinitive'.
- Use 'tell' for orders and 'ask' for polite requests: 'He told me to wait.'
- Always include the person being spoken to (the object): 'She asked *him* to help.'
- For negative commands, put 'not' before 'to': 'The teacher told us *not to* talk.'
مرور کلی
Eat your vegetables! (سبزیجاتت را بخور!). وقتی بعداً به خواهرتان میگویید، میگویید: Mom told me to eat my vegetables. (مامان بهم گفت سبزیجاتم رو بخورم).tell و ask. ما از tell برای دستورات قوی و از ask برای درخواستهای مؤدبانه استفاده میکنیم.tell استفاده کنید. اگر دوستی لطفی خواست، از ask استفاده کنید.me را به him یا her تغییر دهید. این منطقی است چون شخصی که صحبت میکند تغییر کرده است. همه چیز به زاویه دید بستگی دارد.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
to به شکل پایه خود باقی میماند. به این حالت infinitive (مصدر) میگویند. این همان شکلی است که در دیکشنری پیدا میکنید.tell تبدیل میشود به told و ask تبدیل میشود به asked.He told me to wait (او به من گفت منتظر بمانم)، کلمه me شنونده است.
الگوی ساخت
told یا asked اضافه کنید.
to و به دنبال آن شکل پایه دستور (مصدر) را اضافه کنید.
The coach (فاعل) + told (فعل گزارشدهنده) + us (مفعول) + to run (مصدر).
The coach told us to run.
Please open the window (لطفاً پنجره را باز کنید)، شما فقط please را حذف میکنید. فعل asked قبلاً این کار را برای شما انجام داده است. مثل یک فیلتر ادب داخلی است.
کی استفاده کنیم
My manager told me to finish the report. (مدیرم بهم گفت گزارش رو تموم کنم).The creator told us to mix the ingredients. (سازنده به ما گفت مواد رو با هم مخلوط کنیم). هنگام صحبت درباره قرارهای دکتر هم از آن استفاده خواهید کرد.The doctor asked me to sit down. (دکتر ازم خواست بشینم). همچنین در بازیهای ویدئویی هنگام توضیح اهداف ماموریت به تیمتان بسیار رایج است. The NPC told me to find the hidden key. (NPC بهم گفت کلید مخفی رو پیدا کنم).
اشتباهات رایج
to است. مردم اغلب میگویند He told me wait. این خیلی رباتیک به نظر میرسد. همیشه به یاد داشته باشید که to چسبی است که جمله را نگه میدارد. اشتباه دیگر استفاده از said to است. اگرچه در برخی زمینهها از نظر فنی امکانپذیر است، اما استفاده از told me to بسیار طبیعیتر است. در انگلیسی، tell همیشه به یک مفعول (یک شخص) نیاز دارد. نمیتوانید فقط بگویید He told to go. باید بگویید He told me to go. همچنین، زمان فعل دوم را تغییر ندهید. برخی سعی میکنند بگویند He told me to went. این اشتباه است. فعل بعد از to همیشه در شکل پایه ساده باقی میماند. در نهایت، مراقب آن ضمایر باشید! اگر رئیس بگوید Bring me my coffee (قهوهام را برایم بیاور)، شما آن را به صورت He told her to bring him his coffee گزارش میدهید. اگر آن را به صورت me نگه دارید، ممکن است با اسپرسوی شخص دیگری مواجه شوید.مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
I am hungry (من گرسنه هستم)، میگوییم He said he was hungry. در اینجا to وجود ندارد و زمان تغییر میکند.Let's go (بیا برویم)، ما آن را به صورت He suggested going گزارش میدهیم.-ing استفاده میکند. دستورات بسیار مستقیمتر هستند. He told us to go.سؤالات رایج
tell و ask استفاده کنم؟order (دستور دادن)، remind (یادآوری کردن) یا warn (هشدار دادن) استفاده کنید.this را به that تغییر دهم؟Hold this (این را نگه دار)، شما گزارش میدهید He told me to hold that.Don't move (تکان نخور) چه؟not اضافه میکنید. He told me not to move.asked همیشه مؤدبانه است؟The teacher told Sarah to study. اگر افراد زیادی درگیر باشند، استفاده از نامها اغلب واضحتر است.Structure of Reported Commands
| Reporting Verb | Object | Infinitive Marker | Action Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
|
told
|
me
|
to
|
go
|
|
asked
|
him
|
to
|
stay
|
|
ordered
|
them
|
to
|
stop
|
|
warned
|
us
|
not to
|
touch
|
|
advised
|
her
|
to
|
wait
|
|
reminded
|
you
|
to
|
call
|
Meanings
Reported commands are used to tell someone what another person ordered, requested, or advised someone else to do without using their exact words.
Direct Orders
Reporting a firm command or instruction from an authority figure.
“The police officer told the driver to pull over.”
“The captain ordered the soldiers to march.”
Polite Requests
Reporting a request where someone asked for a favor or help.
“She asked me to open the window.”
“The waiter asked us to wait a moment.”
Negative Commands (Prohibitions)
Reporting when someone was told NOT to do something.
“The doctor told him not to eat sugar.”
“The sign asked visitors not to touch the art.”
Reference Table
| فعل گزارش | لحن | مثال |
|---|---|---|
|
told
|
مستقیم/قوی
|
She told him to call her.
|
|
asked
|
محترمانه/درخواست
|
He asked me to wait.
|
|
reminded
|
یادآوری/کمکی
|
The app reminded me to drink water.
|
|
ordered
|
خیلی قوی/رسمی
|
The officer ordered us to stop.
|
|
invited
|
اجتماعی/دوستانه
|
They invited us to join the call.
|
|
warned
|
خطر/ایمنی
|
He warned me to be careful.
|
طیف رسمیت
The manager instructed the visitor to vacate the premises. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told the man to leave the room. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told him to get out. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told him to beat it. (Workplace/Conflict)
The Reported Command Bridge
Reporting Verbs
- Tell Order
- Ask Request
- Advise Suggestion
The Bridge
- Object The Listener
- To-Infinitive The Action
Direct vs. Reported
Is it a Command or a Request?
Is it an order?
Is it a request?
Common Reporting Verbs
Orders
- • Tell
- • Order
- • Command
Requests
- • Ask
- • Beg
- • Implore
مثالها بر اساس سطح
He told me to come here.
She asked me to help.
The teacher told us to sit.
Dad told me not to cry.
The doctor told him to take the medicine.
I asked the waiter to bring some water.
She told her brother not to touch her phone.
The sign asked us not to smoke.
The manager told the staff to attend the meeting.
My friend advised me not to buy that expensive car.
The flight attendant asked the passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
He reminded me to lock the door before leaving.
The coach urged the players to keep practicing.
The police warned the protesters not to cross the line.
She encouraged her daughter to apply for the scholarship.
The contract requires the client to pay within thirty days.
The judge instructed the jury to disregard the last statement.
The CEO petitioned the board to reconsider the merger.
The manual explicitly forbids users to open the outer casing.
They implored the government not to cut funding for the arts.
The general enjoined his troops to maintain absolute silence.
The witness was cautioned not to speculate on the defendant's motives.
The decree mandated all citizens to register by the end of the month.
He was prompted to reconsider his resignation by the board's offer.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners often say 'He said me to go' because they confuse the two verbs.
Both give advice, but they use different structures.
Using 'that' for commands.
اشتباهات رایج
He told me go.
He told me to go.
She told to me to wait.
She told me to wait.
He told to sit down.
He told me to sit down.
Teacher told don't talk.
The teacher told us not to talk.
I asked him that he help me.
I asked him to help me.
He told me to not smoke.
He told me not to smoke.
She said me to go.
She told me to go.
The doctor suggested me to rest.
The doctor suggested that I rest.
He warned me to not touch it.
He warned me not to touch it.
She asked to him to leave.
She asked him to leave.
He forbade me not to go.
He forbade me to go.
الگوهای جملهسازی
My ___ told me to ___.
The ___ asked us not to ___.
I would advise you to ___ so that you can ___.
Despite the warning, he ___ them not to ___.
Real World Usage
My previous supervisor told me to manage the budget.
She asked me to pick her up at 8.
The nurse told me to wait in the lobby.
They asked me to open my bag.
The influencer told her followers to swipe up.
I asked the driver to leave the food at the door.
فعل 'told' و 'to'
He told *me* to call.
کلمه 'Please' چی میشه؟
She asked him to sit down.
مودب باش!
My boss asked me to prepare the report.
Smart Tips
Drop the word 'please' and use the verb 'ask'. It automatically conveys the politeness.
Stop! Don't use 'to'. Use '-ing' or 'that'.
Think of 'not to' as a single unit that can't be broken.
Replace 'told' with 'instructed' or 'reminded'.
تلفظ
The 'to' reduction
In natural speech, the word 'to' is often reduced to a 'schwa' sound /tə/.
Linking 'told' and 'me'
The 'd' in 'told' often blends into the 'm' of 'me'.
Command Stress
He told me to STOP.
The main verb (the action) usually carries the most stress in the sentence.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
T.O.T: Tell + Object + To. Remember the 'TOT' to report what you've got!
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a bridge. On one side is the speaker (Boss), in the middle is the listener (You), and the bridge itself is the word 'TO' leading to the action (Work).
Rhyme
When they say 'Do!', you say 'Told to'. When they say 'Don't!', use 'Not to' or you won't!
Story
A king ordered his knight to fight. The knight asked the king to wait. The queen warned the knight not to fail. This story uses all three forms: order, request, and warning.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look at the last 3 texts you received that asked you to do something. Rewrite them as reported commands starting with 'They asked me to...'
نکات فرهنگی
Politeness is highly valued. Even a command is often reported using 'asked' rather than 'told' to sound less aggressive.
Directness is common in workplace reporting. 'Told' is used frequently for clear delegation of tasks.
Reporting verbs like 'ordered' or 'commanded' are used strictly to reflect the hierarchy.
The use of the infinitive to report commands dates back to Old English, where the infinitive was used to express purpose or necessity after verbs of commanding.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
What is the best piece of advice a teacher ever told you to do?
Think about your last doctor's visit. What did they tell you to do or not to do?
If you were a boss, what would you tell your employees to do every morning?
Tell me about a time a flight attendant or security guard asked you to do something unusual.
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
My mom told me ___ my room.
جمله گزارش شده صحیح رو انتخاب کن:
Find and fix the mistake:
The manager told to us finish the project.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesDirect: 'Don't touch the stove!' -> He told me ___ touch the stove.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
The teacher asked that we to be quiet.
Direct: 'Please help me with my bags,' she said to him.
In reported commands, the main verb changes tense (e.g., 'go' becomes 'went').
A: What did the boss say? B: He ___.
'Stop!'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe dentist asked the patient ___ down.
He told me wait for him.
told / to / the / us / teacher / listen
جمله رو ترجمه کن.
جمله درست رو انتخاب کن:
زوجها رو مطابقت بده:
She told him ___ her the photo.
چطور این رو گزارش میکنی؟
The coach told me ran faster.
جمله رو ترجمه کن.
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
No, you cannot use `say` with an object and an infinitive. You must use `tell` or `ask`. For example, 'He told me to go' is correct, but 'He said me to go' is wrong.
In formal writing, `not to` is the standard (e.g., 'He told me not to go'). In casual conversation, you will often hear `to not`, but `not to` is always safer and more correct.
Yes, with verbs like `tell`, `ask`, `remind`, and `warn`, you must specify who the command was given to.
You can use a passive structure like 'We were told to wait' or use a different verb like 'The order was given to wait'.
You don't need to include the word 'please'. Instead, use the verb `ask` to show that it was a polite request.
Only with specific verbs like `insist`, `demand`, or `suggest`, and the structure changes (e.g., 'He demanded that I leave'). For `tell` and `ask`, always use `to`.
The reporting verb can be in any tense (tells, told, will tell), but the action verb always remains in the `to-infinitive` form.
You can use `order`, `command`, `forbid`, `invite`, `encourage`, `remind`, and `warn`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
decir que + subjuntivo
English uses 'to + verb', Spanish uses 'that + subjunctive'.
dire de + infinitif
French requires the preposition 'de' before the infinitive.
sagen, ... zu + Infinitiv
The word order is different, with the infinitive usually at the very end.
〜ように言う (youni iu)
Japanese uses a particle 'youni' instead of an infinitive marker.
أمر أن (amara an)
Arabic requires a conjugated verb after 'an', not an infinitive.
让 (ràng) / 叫 (jiào)
There is no 'to' marker or change in verb form in Chinese.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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