Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To report a command, use a reporting verb like 'tell' or 'ask' followed by an object and a 'to-infinitive'.
- Use 'tell' for orders and 'ask' for polite requests: 'He told me to wait.'
- Always include the person being spoken to (the object): 'She asked *him* to help.'
- For negative commands, put 'not' before 'to': 'The teacher told us *not to* talk.'
Overview
Eat your vegetables! （野菜を食べなさい！）と言ったとしましょう。後で妹に伝えるときは、 Mom told me to eat my vegetables. （お母さんは私に野菜を食べるように言った）と言います。もう叫んでいるわけではありません。報告しているのです。これには主に2つの動詞、 tell と ask を使います。強い命令には tell を、丁寧な依頼には ask を使います。落ち着きの度合いを示すスケールだと考えてください。先生が言ったなら tell を使い、友達が頼み事をしたなら ask を使います。また、 me を him や her のように代名詞を変える必要もあります。話している人が変わったので、これは当然のことです。すべては視点の問題です。代名詞を変えないと、すぐに混乱が生じます。友達は、あなたが*自分*の野菜を*彼ら*に食べてほしいと思っていると勘違いするかもしれません。そんなドラマは誰も望んでいません。How This Grammar Works
to の後で基本の形（原形）のままです。これは infinitive （不定詞）と呼ばれます。辞書に載っているのと同じ形です。魔法は報告動詞で起こります。指示はすでに起きたことなので、その動詞を過去形にします。つまり、 tell は told に、 ask は asked になります。また、「聞き手」も必要です。これは指示を受けた人です。 He told me to wait （彼は私に待つように言った）という文では、 me が聞き手です。聞き手がいないと、文は空っぽで奇妙に感じられます。グループチャットにメッセージを送って、送信ボタンを押し忘れるようなものです。誰に話しかけているのか誰にもわかりません！
Formation Pattern
told や asked のような過去形の報告動詞を追加します。
to を追加し、その後に指示の基本形（不定詞）を続けます。
The coach （主語）＋ told （報告動詞）＋ us （目的語）＋ to run （不定詞）
The coach told us to run. （コーチは私たちに走るように言った）
Please open the window （窓を開けてください）のように丁寧だった場合は、 please を取るだけです。 asked という動詞がすでにその役割を果たしてくれます。内蔵の丁寧さフィルターのようなものです。
When To Use It
My manager told me to finish the report. （マネージャーは私にレポートを終わらせるように言った）。TikTokのチュートリアルを要約するのにも最適です。 The creator told us to mix the ingredients. （クリエイターは私たちに材料を混ぜるように言った）。医者の予約について話すときも使います。The doctor asked me to sit down. （医者は私に座るように頼んだ）。ゲームでスクワッドにミッションの目的を説明するときも非常によく使われます。 The NPC told me to find the hidden key. （NPCは私に隠された鍵を見つけるように言った）。基本的に、指示が関わる場面なら、これが頼りになるツールです。効率的で明確です。誰かの正確な声やトーンを真似しようとする気まずさを避けられます。
Common Mistakes
to を忘れることです。よく He told me wait と言ってしまう人がいます。これはとてもロボットのように聞こえます。 to は文を繋ぎ止める接着剤であることを常に忘れないでください。もう一つの間違いは said to を使うことです。特定の文脈では技術的に可能ですが、 told me to を使う方がずっと自然です。英語では、 tell には常に目的語（人）が必要です。単に He told to go と言うことはできません。 He told me to go と言う必要があります。また、2番目の動詞の時制を変えないでください。 He told me to went と言おうとする人がいますが、これは間違いです。 to の後の動詞は常に単純な基本形のままです。最後に、代名詞に注意してください！ボスが Bring me my coffee （私のコーヒーを持ってきて）と言ったなら、 He told her to bring him his coffee と報告します。 me のままにしておくと、他の人のエスプレッソを持ってくることになりかねません。Contrast With Similar Patterns
I am hungry （お腹が空いた）のような宣言には、 He said he was hungry と言います。 to はなく、時制が変わります。報告されたコマンドは、事実だけでなくアクションのためのものです。また、提案（suggestions）と比較してみてください。誰かが Let's go （行こう）と言ったなら、 He suggested going と報告します。これは -ing 形を使います。コマンドはずっと直接的です。He told us to go 。これは、フレンドリーなアイデアと直接的な指示の違いです。報告されたコマンドを、報告の「ボス・モード」と考えてください。しなければならないこと、すべきことについてです。提案は「コラボレーション・モード」に近いです。違いを知ることで、悪い日の翻訳アプリのように聞こえず、ずっとネイティブらしく聞こえるようになります。Quick FAQ
tell と ask 以外の動詞は使えますか？order （命じる）、 remind （思い出させる）、 warn （警告する）などが使えるようになります。this を that に変える必要はありますか？Hold this （これを持って）と言ったなら、 He told me to hold that と報告します。Don't move （動くな）のようにコマンドが否定の場合はどうなりますか？not を追加します。 He told me not to move 。asked は常に丁寧ですか？The teacher told Sarah to study 。多くの人が関わっている場合は、名前を使う方が明確なことが多いです。Structure of Reported Commands
| Reporting Verb | Object | Infinitive Marker | Action Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
|
told
|
me
|
to
|
go
|
|
asked
|
him
|
to
|
stay
|
|
ordered
|
them
|
to
|
stop
|
|
warned
|
us
|
not to
|
touch
|
|
advised
|
her
|
to
|
wait
|
|
reminded
|
you
|
to
|
call
|
Meanings
Reported commands are used to tell someone what another person ordered, requested, or advised someone else to do without using their exact words.
Direct Orders
Reporting a firm command or instruction from an authority figure.
“The police officer told the driver to pull over.”
“The captain ordered the soldiers to march.”
Polite Requests
Reporting a request where someone asked for a favor or help.
“She asked me to open the window.”
“The waiter asked us to wait a moment.”
Negative Commands (Prohibitions)
Reporting when someone was told NOT to do something.
“The doctor told him not to eat sugar.”
“The sign asked visitors not to touch the art.”
Reference Table
| 直接命令 | 報告動詞 | 間接命令 |
|---|---|---|
|
"Clean your room!"
|
told
|
He told me to clean my room.
|
|
"Please wait here."
|
asked
|
She asked him to wait there.
|
|
"Submit by Friday."
|
instructed
|
The boss instructed us to submit by Friday.
|
|
"Don't be late!"
|
warned
|
The teacher warned them not to be late.
|
|
"Read chapter 5."
|
advised
|
My tutor advised me to read chapter 5.
|
|
"Fire!"
|
ordered
|
The general ordered his troops to fire.
|
|
"Close the door."
|
requested
|
They requested her to close the door.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
The manager instructed the visitor to vacate the premises. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told the man to leave the room. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told him to get out. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told him to beat it. (Workplace/Conflict)
報告命令文：ミッションブリーフィング
主要な要素
- Subject 誰が報告するか
- Reporting Verb told, asked, ordered
- Object 誰が命令を受けたか
- to + Base Verb 実際の命令
よく使う動詞
- Tell 一般的な指示
- Ask 丁寧な依頼
- Order 強い命令
- Advise 助言・推奨
- Warn 否定的な命令
構造の分解
- He 主語
- told 報告動詞
- me 目的語
- to clean to + 動詞の原形
- my room 残りの命令
直接命令文 vs. 報告命令文
報告命令文の作り方
それは命令ですか、それとも依頼ですか？
誰が命令を受けましたか？
命令は肯定ですか、それとも否定ですか？
すべてを組み合わせましょう！
報告動詞とそのニュアンス
一般的
- • tell
- • say (indirectly)
丁寧
- • ask
- • request
強い
- • order
- • command
- • instruct
提案的
- • advise
- • recommend
警告的
- • warn
- • remind
レベル別の例文
He told me to come here.
She asked me to help.
The teacher told us to sit.
Dad told me not to cry.
The doctor told him to take the medicine.
I asked the waiter to bring some water.
She told her brother not to touch her phone.
The sign asked us not to smoke.
The manager told the staff to attend the meeting.
My friend advised me not to buy that expensive car.
The flight attendant asked the passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
He reminded me to lock the door before leaving.
The coach urged the players to keep practicing.
The police warned the protesters not to cross the line.
She encouraged her daughter to apply for the scholarship.
The contract requires the client to pay within thirty days.
The judge instructed the jury to disregard the last statement.
The CEO petitioned the board to reconsider the merger.
The manual explicitly forbids users to open the outer casing.
They implored the government not to cut funding for the arts.
The general enjoined his troops to maintain absolute silence.
The witness was cautioned not to speculate on the defendant's motives.
The decree mandated all citizens to register by the end of the month.
He was prompted to reconsider his resignation by the board's offer.
間違えやすい
Learners often say 'He said me to go' because they confuse the two verbs.
Both give advice, but they use different structures.
Using 'that' for commands.
よくある間違い
He told me go.
He told me to go.
She told to me to wait.
She told me to wait.
He told to sit down.
He told me to sit down.
Teacher told don't talk.
The teacher told us not to talk.
I asked him that he help me.
I asked him to help me.
He told me to not smoke.
He told me not to smoke.
She said me to go.
She told me to go.
The doctor suggested me to rest.
The doctor suggested that I rest.
He warned me to not touch it.
He warned me not to touch it.
She asked to him to leave.
She asked him to leave.
He forbade me not to go.
He forbade me to go.
文型パターン
My ___ told me to ___.
The ___ asked us not to ___.
I would advise you to ___ so that you can ___.
Despite the warning, he ___ them not to ___.
Real World Usage
My previous supervisor told me to manage the budget.
She asked me to pick her up at 8.
The nurse told me to wait in the lobby.
They asked me to open my bag.
The influencer told her followers to swipe up.
I asked the driver to leave the food at the door.
動詞選びがカギ！
「目的語」を忘れないで！
お願いから練習しよう
丁寧さが大切！
「ミッションブリーフィング」をイメージ！
Smart Tips
Drop the word 'please' and use the verb 'ask'. It automatically conveys the politeness.
Stop! Don't use 'to'. Use '-ing' or 'that'.
Think of 'not to' as a single unit that can't be broken.
Replace 'told' with 'instructed' or 'reminded'.
発音
The 'to' reduction
In natural speech, the word 'to' is often reduced to a 'schwa' sound /tə/.
Linking 'told' and 'me'
The 'd' in 'told' often blends into the 'm' of 'me'.
Command Stress
He told me to STOP.
The main verb (the action) usually carries the most stress in the sentence.
暗記しよう
記憶術
T.O.T: Tell + Object + To. Remember the 'TOT' to report what you've got!
視覚的連想
Imagine a bridge. On one side is the speaker (Boss), in the middle is the listener (You), and the bridge itself is the word 'TO' leading to the action (Work).
Rhyme
When they say 'Do!', you say 'Told to'. When they say 'Don't!', use 'Not to' or you won't!
Story
A king ordered his knight to fight. The knight asked the king to wait. The queen warned the knight not to fail. This story uses all three forms: order, request, and warning.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look at the last 3 texts you received that asked you to do something. Rewrite them as reported commands starting with 'They asked me to...'
文化メモ
Politeness is highly valued. Even a command is often reported using 'asked' rather than 'told' to sound less aggressive.
Directness is common in workplace reporting. 'Told' is used frequently for clear delegation of tasks.
Reporting verbs like 'ordered' or 'commanded' are used strictly to reflect the hierarchy.
The use of the infinitive to report commands dates back to Old English, where the infinitive was used to express purpose or necessity after verbs of commanding.
会話のきっかけ
What is the best piece of advice a teacher ever told you to do?
Think about your last doctor's visit. What did they tell you to do or not to do?
If you were a boss, what would you tell your employees to do every morning?
Tell me about a time a flight attendant or security guard asked you to do something unusual.
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
My mom told me ___ my room before dinner.
Choose the correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
The teacher told studying harder.
Translate into English: 'Mi amigo me pidió que le prestara mi cargador.'
Answer starts with: ["M...
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesDirect: 'Don't touch the stove!' -> He told me ___ touch the stove.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
The teacher asked that we to be quiet.
Direct: 'Please help me with my bags,' she said to him.
In reported commands, the main verb changes tense (e.g., 'go' becomes 'went').
A: What did the boss say? B: He ___.
'Stop!'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe coach ___ to run an extra lap.
Choose the correct sentence:
My doctor advised that I got more exercise.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Translate into English: 'El profesor nos ordenó que entregáramos nuestros teléfonos.'
Match the direct commands with their correct reported forms:
My coach ___ me to stay hydrated during the marathon.
The security guard told me not touching the exhibit.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella le pidió a su compañero que cerrara la ventana.'
Score: /10
よくある質問 (8)
No, you cannot use `say` with an object and an infinitive. You must use `tell` or `ask`. For example, 'He told me to go' is correct, but 'He said me to go' is wrong.
In formal writing, `not to` is the standard (e.g., 'He told me not to go'). In casual conversation, you will often hear `to not`, but `not to` is always safer and more correct.
Yes, with verbs like `tell`, `ask`, `remind`, and `warn`, you must specify who the command was given to.
You can use a passive structure like 'We were told to wait' or use a different verb like 'The order was given to wait'.
You don't need to include the word 'please'. Instead, use the verb `ask` to show that it was a polite request.
Only with specific verbs like `insist`, `demand`, or `suggest`, and the structure changes (e.g., 'He demanded that I leave'). For `tell` and `ask`, always use `to`.
The reporting verb can be in any tense (tells, told, will tell), but the action verb always remains in the `to-infinitive` form.
You can use `order`, `command`, `forbid`, `invite`, `encourage`, `remind`, and `warn`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
decir que + subjuntivo
English uses 'to + verb', Spanish uses 'that + subjunctive'.
dire de + infinitif
French requires the preposition 'de' before the infinitive.
sagen, ... zu + Infinitiv
The word order is different, with the infinitive usually at the very end.
〜ように言う (youni iu)
Japanese uses a particle 'youni' instead of an infinitive marker.
أمر أن (amara an)
Arabic requires a conjugated verb after 'an', not an infinitive.
让 (ràng) / 叫 (jiào)
There is no 'to' marker or change in verb form in Chinese.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
関連動画
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