Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To report a command, use a reporting verb like 'tell' or 'ask' followed by an object and a 'to-infinitive'.
- Use 'tell' for orders and 'ask' for polite requests: 'He told me to wait.'
- Always include the person being spoken to (the object): 'She asked *him* to help.'
- For negative commands, put 'not' before 'to': 'The teacher told us *not to* talk.'
Overview
Eat your vegetables! (채소 먹어라!)라고 말씀하신다고 상상해 보세요. 나중에 여동생에게 말할 때는 Mom told me to eat my vegetables. (엄마가 나한테 채소 먹으라고 하셨어)라고 말합니다.tell과 ask라는 두 가지 주요 동사를 사용합니다. 강한 명령에는 tell을 사용하고, 정중한 요청에는 ask를 사용합니다.tell을 사용하세요. 친구가 부탁을 했다면 ask를 사용하세요.me를 him이나 her와 같이 대명사로 바꿔야 합니다. 말하는 사람이 바뀌었기 때문에 이는 당연한 일입니다. 모든 것은 관점의 문제입니다.How This Grammar Works
to라는 단어 뒤에 기본 형태(원형)로 남습니다. 이것을 infinitive(부정사)라고 부릅니다. 사전에서 찾는 것과 같은 형태입니다.tell은 told가 되고 ask는 asked가 됩니다.He told me to wait (그는 나에게 기다리라고 했다)라는 문장에서 me가 듣는 사람입니다.
Formation Pattern
told나 asked와 같은 과거 시제의 전달 동사를 추가합니다.
to를 추가하고 그 뒤에 지시의 기본 형태(부정사)를 씁니다.
The coach (주어) + told (전달 동사) + us (목적어) + to run (부정사)
The coach told us to run. (코치가 우리에게 뛰라고 했다)
Please open the window (창문 좀 열어주세요)처럼 정중했다면 please를 빼기만 하면 됩니다. asked라는 동사가 이미 그 역할을 대신해 줍니다. 내장된 정중함 필터와 같습니다.
When To Use It
My manager told me to finish the report. (매니저가 나에게 보고서를 끝내라고 했다).The creator told us to mix the ingredients. (크리에이터가 우리에게 재료를 섞으라고 했다). 의사 예약에 대해 이야기할 때도 사용합니다.The doctor asked me to sit down. (의사가 나에게 앉으라고 했다). 게임에서 스쿼드에게 미션 목표를 설명할 때도 매우 자주 사용됩니다. The NPC told me to find the hidden key. (NPC가 나에게 숨겨진 열쇠를 찾으라고 했다).
Common Mistakes
to를 잊어버리는 것입니다. 흔히 He told me wait라고 말하곤 합니다. 이것은 매우 로봇처럼 들립니다. to가 문장을 결합하는 접착제라는 것을 항상 기억하세요. 또 다른 실수는 said to를 사용하는 것입니다. 특정 문맥에서는 기술적으로 가능하지만 told me to를 사용하는 것이 훨씬 자연스럽습니다. 영어에서 tell은 항상 목적어(사람)가 필요합니다. 단순히 He told to go라고 말할 수는 없습니다. He told me to go라고 말해야 합니다. 또한 두 번째 동사의 시제를 바꾸지 마세요. 어떤 사람들은 He told me to went라고 말하려고 하는데, 이는 틀린 것입니다. to 뒤의 동사는 항상 단순한 기본 형태로 유지됩니다. 마지막으로 대명사를 주의하세요! 보스가 Bring me my coffee (내 커피 가져와)라고 말했다면 He told her to bring him his coffee라고 보고합니다. me로 유지하면 다른 사람의 에스프레소를 가져오게 될 수도 있습니다.Contrast With Similar Patterns
I am hungry (배고파)와 같은 평서문은 He said he was hungry라고 말합니다. to가 없고 시제가 바뀝니다.Let's go (가자)라고 말했다면 He suggested going이라고 보고합니다.-ing 형태를 사용합니다. 명령은 훨씬 더 직접적입니다. He told us to go.Quick FAQ
tell과 ask 외에 다른 동사를 사용할 수 있나요?
네! A1 수준에서는 이 두 가지만 고수하세요. 나중에 order(명령하다), remind(상기시키다), warn(경고하다) 등을 사용할 수 있게 됩니다.
this를 that으로 바꿔야 하나요?
보통 그렇습니다. 누군가 Hold this (이거 잡아)라고 말했다면 He told me to hold that이라고 보고합니다.
명령이 Don't move (움직이지 마)처럼 부정형이면 어떻게 되나요?
그것은 다른 규칙입니다! 하지만 기본적으로 단순히 not을 추가합니다. He told me not to move.
asked는 항상 정중한가요?
대부분 그렇습니다. 명령을 요청으로 바꿉니다. 보고의 '고객 서비스' 버전입니다.
대명사 대신 이름을 사용할 수 있나요?
물론입니다. The teacher told Sarah to study. 관련된 사람이 많을 때는 이름을 사용하는 것이 더 명확할 때가 많습니다.
Structure of Reported Commands
| Reporting Verb | Object | Infinitive Marker | Action Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
|
told
|
me
|
to
|
go
|
|
asked
|
him
|
to
|
stay
|
|
ordered
|
them
|
to
|
stop
|
|
warned
|
us
|
not to
|
touch
|
|
advised
|
her
|
to
|
wait
|
|
reminded
|
you
|
to
|
call
|
Meanings
Reported commands are used to tell someone what another person ordered, requested, or advised someone else to do without using their exact words.
Direct Orders
Reporting a firm command or instruction from an authority figure.
“The police officer told the driver to pull over.”
“The captain ordered the soldiers to march.”
Polite Requests
Reporting a request where someone asked for a favor or help.
“She asked me to open the window.”
“The waiter asked us to wait a moment.”
Negative Commands (Prohibitions)
Reporting when someone was told NOT to do something.
“The doctor told him not to eat sugar.”
“The sign asked visitors not to touch the art.”
Reference Table
| 직접 명령문 | 전달 동사 | 간접 명령문 |
|---|---|---|
|
"Clean your room!"
|
told
|
He told me to clean my room.
|
|
"Please wait here."
|
asked
|
She asked him to wait there.
|
|
"Submit by Friday."
|
instructed
|
The boss instructed us to submit by Friday.
|
|
"Don't be late!"
|
warned
|
The teacher warned them not to be late.
|
|
"Read chapter 5."
|
advised
|
My tutor advised me to read chapter 5.
|
|
"Fire!"
|
ordered
|
The general ordered his troops to fire.
|
|
"Close the door."
|
requested
|
They requested her to close the door.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
The manager instructed the visitor to vacate the premises. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told the man to leave the room. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told him to get out. (Workplace/Conflict)
He told him to beat it. (Workplace/Conflict)
간접 명령문: 작전 브리핑
핵심 요소
- Subject 누가 전달하는가
- Reporting Verb told, asked, ordered
- Object 누가 명령을 받았는가
- to + Base Verb 실제 명령 내용
일반적인 동사
- Tell 일반적인 지시
- Ask 공손한 요청
- Order 강력한 명령
- Advise 제안/권고
- Warn 부정적인 명령/경고
구조 분석
- He 주어
- told 전달 동사
- me 목적어
- to clean to + 동사원형
- my room 나머지 명령
직접 명령문 vs. 간접 명령문
간접 명령문 만들기
명령 또는 요청인가요?
누가 명령을 받았나요?
명령이 긍정인가요 부정인가요?
모든 부분을 합치세요!
전달 동사와 그 뉘앙스
일반적
- • tell
- • say (간접적으로)
공손함
- • ask
- • request
강력함
- • order
- • command
- • instruct
제안적
- • advise
- • recommend
경고성
- • warn
- • remind
수준별 예문
He told me to come here.
She asked me to help.
The teacher told us to sit.
Dad told me not to cry.
The doctor told him to take the medicine.
I asked the waiter to bring some water.
She told her brother not to touch her phone.
The sign asked us not to smoke.
The manager told the staff to attend the meeting.
My friend advised me not to buy that expensive car.
The flight attendant asked the passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
He reminded me to lock the door before leaving.
The coach urged the players to keep practicing.
The police warned the protesters not to cross the line.
She encouraged her daughter to apply for the scholarship.
The contract requires the client to pay within thirty days.
The judge instructed the jury to disregard the last statement.
The CEO petitioned the board to reconsider the merger.
The manual explicitly forbids users to open the outer casing.
They implored the government not to cut funding for the arts.
The general enjoined his troops to maintain absolute silence.
The witness was cautioned not to speculate on the defendant's motives.
The decree mandated all citizens to register by the end of the month.
He was prompted to reconsider his resignation by the board's offer.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often say 'He said me to go' because they confuse the two verbs.
Both give advice, but they use different structures.
Using 'that' for commands.
자주 하는 실수
He told me go.
He told me to go.
She told to me to wait.
She told me to wait.
He told to sit down.
He told me to sit down.
Teacher told don't talk.
The teacher told us not to talk.
I asked him that he help me.
I asked him to help me.
He told me to not smoke.
He told me not to smoke.
She said me to go.
She told me to go.
The doctor suggested me to rest.
The doctor suggested that I rest.
He warned me to not touch it.
He warned me not to touch it.
She asked to him to leave.
She asked him to leave.
He forbade me not to go.
He forbade me to go.
문장 패턴
My ___ told me to ___.
The ___ asked us not to ___.
I would advise you to ___ so that you can ___.
Despite the warning, he ___ them not to ___.
Real World Usage
My previous supervisor told me to manage the budget.
She asked me to pick her up at 8.
The nurse told me to wait in the lobby.
They asked me to open my bag.
The influencer told her followers to swipe up.
I asked the driver to leave the food at the door.
동사를 현명하게 선택하세요
The teacher asked us to be quiet.(정중한 요청) vs.
The general ordered his soldiers to advance.(강력한 명령)
'누구에게' 말했는지 잊지 마세요!
He told to come early.(X) →
He told me to come early.(O)
일상 요청으로 연습해보세요
Could you pass the salt?인데, 이걸
She asked me to pass the salt.라고 바꿔 말하는 거죠. 이렇게 연습하면 더 복잡한 문장도 자신감이 붙을 거예요.
공손함이 중요해요!
My colleague requested me to check the report.
'작전 브리핑'을 떠올려보세요
The captain told his team to secure the area.
Smart Tips
Drop the word 'please' and use the verb 'ask'. It automatically conveys the politeness.
Stop! Don't use 'to'. Use '-ing' or 'that'.
Think of 'not to' as a single unit that can't be broken.
Replace 'told' with 'instructed' or 'reminded'.
발음
The 'to' reduction
In natural speech, the word 'to' is often reduced to a 'schwa' sound /tə/.
Linking 'told' and 'me'
The 'd' in 'told' often blends into the 'm' of 'me'.
Command Stress
He told me to STOP.
The main verb (the action) usually carries the most stress in the sentence.
암기하기
기억법
T.O.T: Tell + Object + To. Remember the 'TOT' to report what you've got!
시각적 연상
Imagine a bridge. On one side is the speaker (Boss), in the middle is the listener (You), and the bridge itself is the word 'TO' leading to the action (Work).
Rhyme
When they say 'Do!', you say 'Told to'. When they say 'Don't!', use 'Not to' or you won't!
Story
A king ordered his knight to fight. The knight asked the king to wait. The queen warned the knight not to fail. This story uses all three forms: order, request, and warning.
Word Web
챌린지
Look at the last 3 texts you received that asked you to do something. Rewrite them as reported commands starting with 'They asked me to...'
문화 노트
Politeness is highly valued. Even a command is often reported using 'asked' rather than 'told' to sound less aggressive.
Directness is common in workplace reporting. 'Told' is used frequently for clear delegation of tasks.
Reporting verbs like 'ordered' or 'commanded' are used strictly to reflect the hierarchy.
The use of the infinitive to report commands dates back to Old English, where the infinitive was used to express purpose or necessity after verbs of commanding.
대화 시작하기
What is the best piece of advice a teacher ever told you to do?
Think about your last doctor's visit. What did they tell you to do or not to do?
If you were a boss, what would you tell your employees to do every morning?
Tell me about a time a flight attendant or security guard asked you to do something unusual.
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
My mom told me ___ my room before dinner.
올바른 문장을 고르세요:
Find and fix the mistake:
The teacher told studying harder.
다음 문장을 영어로 번역하세요: 'Mi amigo me pidió que le prestara mi cargador.'
Answer starts with: ["M...
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesDirect: 'Don't touch the stove!' -> He told me ___ touch the stove.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
The teacher asked that we to be quiet.
Direct: 'Please help me with my bags,' she said to him.
In reported commands, the main verb changes tense (e.g., 'go' becomes 'went').
A: What did the boss say? B: He ___.
'Stop!'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesThe coach ___ to run an extra lap.
올바른 문장을 고르세요:
My doctor advised that I got more exercise.
다음 단어들을 문장으로 배열하세요:
다음 문장을 영어로 번역하세요: 'El profesor nos ordenó que entregáramos nuestros teléfonos.'
직접 명령문과 그에 맞는 간접 명령문을 연결하세요:
My coach ___ me to stay hydrated during the marathon.
The security guard told me not touching the exhibit.
다음 단어들을 문장으로 배열하세요:
다음 문장을 영어로 번역하세요: 'Ella le pidió a su compañero que cerrara la ventana.'
올바른 문장은 무엇인가요?
Score: /11
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, you cannot use `say` with an object and an infinitive. You must use `tell` or `ask`. For example, 'He told me to go' is correct, but 'He said me to go' is wrong.
In formal writing, `not to` is the standard (e.g., 'He told me not to go'). In casual conversation, you will often hear `to not`, but `not to` is always safer and more correct.
Yes, with verbs like `tell`, `ask`, `remind`, and `warn`, you must specify who the command was given to.
You can use a passive structure like 'We were told to wait' or use a different verb like 'The order was given to wait'.
You don't need to include the word 'please'. Instead, use the verb `ask` to show that it was a polite request.
Only with specific verbs like `insist`, `demand`, or `suggest`, and the structure changes (e.g., 'He demanded that I leave'). For `tell` and `ask`, always use `to`.
The reporting verb can be in any tense (tells, told, will tell), but the action verb always remains in the `to-infinitive` form.
You can use `order`, `command`, `forbid`, `invite`, `encourage`, `remind`, and `warn`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
decir que + subjuntivo
English uses 'to + verb', Spanish uses 'that + subjunctive'.
dire de + infinitif
French requires the preposition 'de' before the infinitive.
sagen, ... zu + Infinitiv
The word order is different, with the infinitive usually at the very end.
〜ように言う (youni iu)
Japanese uses a particle 'youni' instead of an infinitive marker.
أمر أن (amara an)
Arabic requires a conjugated verb after 'an', not an infinitive.
让 (ràng) / 叫 (jiào)
There is no 'to' marker or change in verb form in Chinese.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
09:45 Ezekiel 25:17 | Pulp Fiction | VOLLSTÄNDIGE SZENE mit Samuel L. Jackson
09:05 The telecommunications divide between cities and the bush | Landline | ABC News
25:48 ENGLISH SPEECH | THE ROCK: Be Yourself (English Subtitles)
[기초 영문법] 48강 - 간접화법 (명령문, 제안문)
EBS English
[그래머스케치] Ep. 50「간접화법-명령문/제안문/감탄문」
지니샘
화법전환 (2) - 명령문의 화법전환
Lexpa English
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