Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To report a 'don't' command, use 'not to' + the verb after the person being told.
- Replace 'don't' with 'not to' (e.g., 'Don't go' becomes 'not to go').
- Always include the person being told (e.g., 'He told ME not to...').
- Use reporting verbs like 'told', 'asked', or 'warned' to set the tone.
Overview
“Don’t do that!”을 간접적인 진술로 변환하는 과정입니다. 여기서 핵심은 '부정 부정사(Negative Infinitive)'인 not to + 동사원형을 사용하는 것입니다. 한국어의 문법 체계와 비교하자면, 한국어는 서술어의 어미를 변형하여 '-지 말라고'라는 형태를 만듭니다.tell, ask, warn과 같은 보고 동사 뒤에 목적어(누구에게)를 배치하고, 그 뒤에 not to를 붙여 명령의 내용을 보충하는 '동사 보충(Verb Complementation)' 구조를 취합니다.He told not to go라고 하면 영어권 사람들은 매우 어색하게 느낍니다. 반드시 He told me not to go처럼 목적어를 넣어야 합니다.not to는 하나의 고정된 덩어리입니다. 시제가 과거로 바뀌어도 not to의 형태는 변하지 않으며, 오직 앞의 보고 동사만 told, warned, asked 등으로 변합니다. 이는 한국어의 복잡한 어미 변화(했었다, 했었더라 등)에 비하면 훨씬 규칙적이고 단순합니다.- 예시 1:
“Don’t be late!”→He told me not to be late. - 예시 2:
“Please don’t open the door.”→She asked me not to open the door. - 예시 3:
“Don’t touch the exhibits.”→The guard warned us not to touch the exhibits.
not to 앞에는 반드시 목적어가 있어야 하며, not to 뒤에는 어떠한 변형도 없는 순수한 동사원형이 옵니다. 한국어의 '하지 마세요'를 영어로 바꿀 때, don't를 그대로 가져오려는 습관만 버리면 매우 쉽습니다.- 1금지 사항 전달: 학교나 회사에서 규칙을 전달할 때 사용합니다.
The manager told the staff not to use their phones during the meeting.(매니저가 직원들에게 회의 중 핸드폰을 사용하지 말라고 했다.) - 2경고할 때: 위험한 상황이나 주의가 필요할 때
warn을 사용하여 표현합니다.The guide warned the hikers not to go off the trail.(가이드가 등산객들에게 등산로를 벗어나지 말라고 경고했다.) - 3조언을 전달할 때: 누군가에게 받은 좋은 조언을 다른 사람에게 전할 때 사용합니다.
My doctor advised me not to eat late at night.(의사 선생님이 밤늦게 음식을 먹지 말라고 조언했다.) - 4간접적인 거절이나 완곡한 표현: 직접적으로 '하지 마'라고 말하기 어려울 때, 제3자의 말을 빌려 전달함으로써 갈등을 피할 수 있습니다.
My mom told me not to stay up too late.(엄마가 너무 늦게까지 깨어 있지 말라고 하셨어 - 내가 직접 말하는 것보다 부드럽게 들림.)
- 1
don't를 그대로 사용함: 한국어의 '~하지 마'를 영어의don't로 일대일 대응시키려 해서 생기는 오류입니다.He told me don't go.라고 하면 틀립니다.not to가 정답입니다. - 2목적어 생략: 한국어는 '말했다' 뒤에 '누구에게'가 없어도 되지만, 영어의 보고 동사는 타동사적 성격이 강해 목적어가 필수입니다.
He advised not to smoke.는He advised me not to smoke.로 고쳐야 합니다. - 3
forbid와not to의 중복 사용:forbid는 이미 '금지하다'라는 부정의 의미를 포함합니다. 그래서He forbade me not to go라고 하면 '가지 말라고 금지하지 않았다'라는 이중 부정의 뜻이 되어버립니다.He forbade me to go라고 해야 맞습니다. - 4동사원형 대신 다른 형태 사용:
not to뒤에는 반드시 동사원형이 와야 하는데, 습관적으로-ing를 쓰거나 과거형을 쓰는 경우가 있습니다.He told me not to going은He told me not to go가 맞습니다.
told me not to go | 부정 명령 전달 | He told me not to go. |said that I shouldn't go | 의견/조언 전달 | He said that I shouldn't go. |forbade me to go | 강력한 금지 | He forbade me to go. |shouldn't를 사용하는 방식은 명령보다는 '조언'이나 '의견'에 가깝습니다. 반면 not to는 더 직접적인 '지시'나 '명령'의 느낌이 강합니다. 상황에 따라 더 적절한 표현을 골라보세요.not to 대신 don't to를 쓰면 안 되나요?to 부정사를 부정할 때는 not을 to 앞에 두는 것이 규칙입니다. don't는 일반 동사의 부정문에서만 사용하세요.said는 쓸 수 없나요?said는 명령을 전달할 때 직접적으로 쓰기엔 어색합니다. told, asked, ordered 등을 사용하는 것이 훨씬 자연스럽습니다.someone이나 people을 목적어로 사용할 수 있습니다. He told everyone not to leave the room.처럼 표현하세요.2. Structure of Negative Reported Commands
| Reporting Verb | Object (Person) | Negative Particle | Infinitive | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
told
|
me
|
not
|
to go
|
He told me not to go.
|
|
asked
|
him
|
not
|
to stay
|
She asked him not to stay.
|
|
warned
|
us
|
not
|
to touch
|
They warned us not to touch.
|
|
ordered
|
them
|
not
|
to move
|
The captain ordered them not to move.
|
|
begged
|
her
|
not
|
to cry
|
I begged her not to cry.
|
|
reminded
|
you
|
not
|
to forget
|
I reminded you not to forget.
|
Meanings
The structure used to relay a negative command, order, or request that someone else previously gave, without using their exact words.
Reporting a Direct Order
Used when someone in authority gives a firm instruction to stop or avoid an action.
“The police officer ordered the driver not to move.”
“My boss told me not to miss the deadline.”
Reporting a Polite Request
Used when someone asks nicely for an action to be avoided.
“She asked her roommate not to play loud music.”
“The librarian asked us not to talk so loudly.”
Reporting a Warning
Used when the instruction is for the person's safety or to avoid a negative consequence.
“The lifeguard warned the kids not to swim too far out.”
“My mom warned me not to walk home alone at night.”
Reference Table
| 직접 명령문 | 보고 동사 | 목적어 | 간접 명령문 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
"Don't run!"
|
told
|
us
|
He told us not to run.
|
|
"Do not feed the animals."
|
warned
|
visitors
|
The zookeeper warned visitors not to feed the animals.
|
|
"Please don't be late."
|
asked
|
her
|
He asked her not to be late.
|
|
"Don't worry about it."
|
advised
|
me
|
She advised me not to worry about it.
|
|
"Don't touch!"
|
ordered
|
him
|
The guard ordered him not to touch.
|
|
"Don't forget your keys."
|
reminded
|
them
|
I reminded them not to forget their keys.
|
|
"Don't smoke here."
|
forbade
|
them
|
The manager forbade them to smoke here.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
The supervisor instructed the employees not to disclose the password. (Workplace security)
The boss told us not to share the password. (Workplace security)
My boss said not to give out the password. (Workplace security)
Boss-man said: don't leak the pass. (Workplace security)
부정 간접 명령문: 'Not To' 공식
핵심 구조
- Subject + Verb She told
- Object me
- Not to not to
- Base Verb forget
보고 동사
- Told He told me
- Asked She asked him
- Warned They warned us
- Advised I advised her
- Ordered The guard ordered them
- Forbade The rule forbade him
흔한 실수
- Don't / Didn't NOT 'told me don't'
- Verb Form NOT 'not to going'
- Missing Object NOT 'warned not to'
직접 vs. 간접 부정 명령문
부정 간접 명령문으로 바꾸기
원래 명령문이 부정문인가요 (예: "Don't...", "Do not...")?
명령을 받는 특정 사람(목적어)이 있나요?
직접 명령문에 'Don't' 또는 'Do not'이 포함되어 있나요?
명령문의 주요 동사는 무엇인가요?
보고 동사가 올바른 시제인가요 (보통 과거 사건을 보고하는 경우 과거 단순 시제)?
부정 간접 명령문 사용 시기
금지 사항
- • 규칙 및 규정
- • 법률
- • 출입 금지 구역
경고
- • 안전 위험
- • 잠재적 위험
- • 나쁜 결과
조언
- • 추천
- • 제안
- • 지침 (부정적)
요청
- • 정중한 비행동
- • 공식적인 호소
- • 정중하게 하지 말라고 요청하기
수준별 예문
He told me not to go.
She told him not to cry.
The teacher told us not to talk.
Mom told me not to eat the cake.
The doctor told her not to smoke.
I asked my friend not to be late.
The sign told us not to walk on the grass.
He warned me not to touch the oven.
The manager told the staff not to use the main elevator.
She begged him not to leave her alone.
The instructor warned us not to dive in the shallow end.
I told the kids not to make a mess in the living room.
The police ordered the protesters not to block the entrance.
The manual explicitly warns users not to open the battery compartment.
He advised me not to invest all my money in one stock.
The coach urged the players not to lose focus in the final minutes.
The judge admonished the witness not to speculate on the defendant's motives.
The treaty binds both nations not to develop nuclear weapons.
She cautioned her colleagues not to underestimate the competition.
The professor instructed the students not to cite Wikipedia in their final papers.
The board of directors petitioned the CEO not to proceed with the merger.
The document exhorts readers not to succumb to societal pressures.
He was strictly enjoined not to divulge the secret to anyone.
The guidelines implore visitors not to disturb the delicate ecosystem of the cave.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often try to use 'that' clauses for commands.
Using 'say' with an object or 'tell' without one.
Using 'not' with 'forbid'.
자주 하는 실수
He told me don't go.
He told me not to go.
She said me not to eat.
She told me not to eat.
I told not to run.
I told them not to run.
He told me to not touch.
He told me not to touch.
The doctor asked me don't smoke.
The doctor asked me not to smoke.
He warned me to not go.
He warned me not to go.
She told to him not to wait.
She told him not to wait.
He suggested me not to go.
He suggested that I not go. / He told me not to go.
The sign said not to enter.
The sign told us not to enter.
He told me not to forgot.
He told me not to forget.
He forbade me not to go.
He forbade me to go.
문장 패턴
My ___ told me not to ___.
The ___ warned the ___ not to ___.
I would strongly advise you not to ___.
They were explicitly instructed not to ___.
Real World Usage
The safety officer told us not to enter the zone without a helmet.
I told you not to draw on the walls!
She told me not to post that video of her.
The doctor warned him not to exercise for two weeks.
The guide asked the group not to take photos inside the temple.
The officer ordered the suspect not to move his hands.
올바른 동사 선택
He asked me not to be late.
'Don't'나 'Didn't' 피하기
She told me not to worry.
항상 목적어 포함하기
The teacher told the students not to run.
직접적인 표현 완화하기
He advised me not to take it personally.
동사원형이 핵심
She reminded me not to forget.
Smart Tips
Cross out the 'Don't' in your mind and write 'Not To' immediately.
Check if the original sentence had 'Please'. If yes, use 'asked'. If no, use 'told'.
Imagine the person is a bridge. You can't get to the 'not to' without crossing the person first.
Avoid 'to not' (split infinitive). Keep 'not' and 'to' together as 'not to'.
발음
Stress on 'Not'
In negative reported commands, the word 'not' is usually stressed to emphasize the prohibition.
Reduction of 'to'
The word 'to' is often reduced to a schwa sound /tə/.
Falling Intonation
He told me not to ↘go.
Conveys a final, firm command.
암기하기
기억법
Remember 'NOT TO' — the 'NOT' always comes first, just like you say 'NO' before you do anything else.
시각적 연상
Imagine a big red 'X' (Not) standing in front of a 'To' sign. The 'X' blocks the path to the action.
Rhyme
When 'Don't' is what they said, put 'Not To' in your head.
Story
A boss tells an employee, 'Don't be late!' The employee goes home and tells his wife, 'My boss told me not to be late.' The wife then tells the kids, 'Your dad was told not to be late.' The chain of 'not to' keeps everyone on time.
Word Web
챌린지
Look at the next 3 'Don't' signs you see (e.g., 'Don't walk', 'Don't smoke') and say them out loud as reported commands: 'The sign told me not to...'
문화 노트
In the UK, 'told' is very common, but 'asked' is used frequently even for firm commands to maintain a level of politeness.
Americans often use 'said not to' in informal speech, even though 'told me not to' is grammatically 'better'.
In global business English, using 'warned' or 'instructed' is preferred over 'told' to sound more precise and professional.
The use of the infinitive to report commands dates back to Old English, though the 'not to' word order became standardized in Middle English as the auxiliary 'do' (don't) developed.
대화 시작하기
What is something your parents always told you not to do when you were a kid?
Has a doctor ever warned you not to eat or drink something?
What did the flight attendant tell the passengers not to do during the flight?
If you were a boss, what would you tell your employees not to do?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
The coach warned the players _____ late for practice.
Find and fix the mistake:
My sister told me don't touch her diary.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesThe teacher told the students ___ (not/talk) during the exam.
Find and fix the mistake:
He told me don't touch his phone.
The lifeguard ___ the children not to swim near the rocks.
She ___ me ___ late.
1. 'Don't smoke!' 2. 'Please don't wait.'
A: What did the boss say about the meeting? B: He told us ___.
A: He told me not to go. B: He told me to not go.
warned / not / the / us / to / fire / touch / man
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesThe sign instructed drivers _____ their engines in the parking lot.
My manager asked me don't forget the report.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella le aconsejó que no se rindiera.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
직접 부정 명령문과 올바른 간접 명령문을 연결하세요:
The police officer _____ anyone _____ the crime scene.
She reminded him not forgetting his keys.
Direct: "Please don't disturb me." Reported:
Translate into English: 'Nos prohibieron usar los móviles en la biblioteca.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Score: /11
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, but you must say 'said to me not to...' or just 'said not to...'. 'Told' is much more common and natural for commands.
No, it's a 'split infinitive'. It's very common in spoken English, but in formal writing or exams, 'not to' is the safer, more traditional choice.
If you don't want to mention the person, you can use 'said not to' or 'suggested not...ing'. For example: 'He said not to enter.'
Yes! Just like other reported speech, 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day' and 'here' becomes 'there'.
Usually, 'mustn't' in direct speech is reported as 'not to'. For example: 'You mustn't touch it' becomes 'He told me not to touch it.'
Use the verb 'asked'. For example: 'Please don't go' becomes 'He asked me not to go.'
No, it is always the base form (infinitive). You don't add -ed, -s, or -ing.
You can use 'instructed', 'admonished', 'enjoined', or 'cautioned'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Me dijo que no lo hiciera
English uses 'not to + verb', Spanish uses 'that + subjunctive'.
Il m'a dit de ne pas le faire
The word order 'ne pas' is almost identical to 'not to'.
Er sagte mir, es nicht zu tun
The verb moves to the end in German.
Suru-na to iwareta
Japanese keeps the negative command form inside a quote-like structure.
Amara-ni alla af'al
Arabic requires a specific particle and verb mood change.
Ta jiao wo bu yao zuo
Chinese does not have an infinitive 'to' marker.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
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