حالت مجهول برای عینیت: 'گفته می شود که...'
passive رسمی، میتونی اطلاعات رو objective و professional بگی، بدون اینکه بگی کی گفته.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'It is said that...' to report general beliefs, news, or rumors objectively without naming a specific person.
- Start with the 'dummy' subject 'It' followed by 'is' and a past participle: 'It is believed...'
- Connect your main idea using the word 'that': 'It is thought that...'
- Follow 'that' with a full sentence: 'It is rumored that the shop is closing.'
مرور کلی
این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
it استفاده میکنیم. این it در واقع معنای خاصی ندارد.is و شکل خاصی از فعل به نام «قسمت سوم فعل» (past participle) استفاده میکنیم.-ed ختم میشود. برای مثال، say میشود said و report میشود reported. این مثل ساختن یک برج لگو است.it ، آجر is و نوک said نیاز دارید. وقتی این برج را ساختید، میتوانید هر خبری را که میخواهید به آن اضافه کنید. این برای صحبت درباره سریالهای نتفلیکس که همه میبینند عالی است.
الگوی ساخت
it شروع کنید. این فاعل «فرضی» شماست.
is را اضافه کنید. در این الگو، معمولاً در زمان حال میمانیم.
say, think, believe یا report. اینها به said, thought, believed و reported تبدیل میشوند.
that را برای وصل کردن ایده خود اضافه کنید.
It + is + Past Participle + that + [جمله]
کی استفاده کنیم
اشتباهات رایج
is است. بسیاری از مردم به جای «It is said that...» میگویند «It said that...». بدون is جمله ناقص به نظر میرسد. مثل ماشینی بدون چرخ است! اشتباه دیگر استفاده از شکل اشتباه فعل است. به یاد داشته باشید، شما به قسمت سوم فعل نیاز دارید. نگویید «It is say that...» یا «It is think that...». شما باید از said و thought استفاده کنید. همچنین کلمه that را فراموش نکنید. هرچند گاهی در صحبتهای دوستانه میتوانید آن را حذف کنید، اما برای عینیت بهتر است آن را حفظ کنید. در نهایت، از این حالت برای احساسات شخصی خود استفاده نکنید. اگر بستنی دوست دارید، نگویید «باور بر این است که من بستنی دوست دارم». اینطوری به نظر میرسد که شما یک آزمایش علمی هستید! فقط بگویید «من بستنی دوست دارم». از این الگو فقط برای نظرات عمومی یا حقایق استفاده کنید.مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
be + قسمت سوم فعل استفاده میکند. با این حال، مجهول عینی متفاوت است چون از it استفاده میکند.it نماینده یک ایده کامل است. همچنین آن را با «مردم میگویند...» یا «آنها میگویند...» مقایسه کنید.سؤالات رایج
was استفاده کنید. «باور بر این بود که زمین صاف است».said, thought, believed و reported.it به یک شخص اشاره دارد؟told از said یا reported استفاده میکنیم.Common Reporting Verbs in the Impersonal Passive
| Tense | Structure | Example Verb | Full Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
It is + V3
|
say
|
It is said that...
|
|
Past Simple
|
It was + V3
|
think
|
It was thought that...
|
|
Present Perfect
|
It has been + V3
|
report
|
It has been reported that...
|
|
Future Simple
|
It will be + V3
|
expect
|
It will be expected that...
|
|
Present Continuous
|
It is being + V3
|
rumor
|
It is being rumored that...
|
|
Past Perfect
|
It had been + V3
|
believe
|
It had been believed that...
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
It is said
|
It's said
|
Common in speech, rare in formal writing.
|
|
It was said
|
N/A
|
We rarely contract 'It was' in this structure.
|
|
It has been said
|
It's been said
|
Very common in spoken English.
|
Meanings
A formal structure used to report information, opinions, or beliefs when the specific source is unknown, unimportant, or general.
General Belief
Reporting what is widely accepted as true by society or a large group.
“It is believed that the pyramids were built by thousands of workers.”
“It is thought that breakfast is the most important meal of the day.”
News & Formal Reporting
Reporting facts or events where the journalist wants to remain objective.
“It is reported that the two companies are planning a merger.”
“It is alleged that the suspect fled the scene in a red car.”
Rumors & Speculation
Sharing unconfirmed information without taking personal responsibility for its truth.
“It is rumored that they are getting a divorce.”
“It is whispered that the house is haunted.”
Reference Table
| عبارت شروع | معنی فعل | سناریوی مثال | حس جمله |
|---|---|---|---|
|
It is said that...
|
شایعه / باور عمومی
|
Talking about a famous city
|
خنثی / عمومی
|
|
It is thought that...
|
نظر / تئوری
|
Discussing a new technology
|
فکری
|
|
It is believed that...
|
باور قویتر
|
Talking about history
|
رسمی
|
|
It is reported that...
|
اخبار یا اطلاعات
|
Sharing a news headline
|
حرفهای
|
|
It is expected that...
|
پیشبینی آینده
|
Weather or flight updates
|
اداری
|
|
It is known that...
|
واقعیت اثبات شده
|
Science or math rules
|
واقعی
|
طیف رسمیت
It is widely believed that the corporation is facing insolvency. (Business news)
It is thought that the company is going out of business. (Business news)
It's said that the shop is closing down. (Business news)
Word is the place is toast. (Business news)
Common Reporting Verbs
Thoughts
- thought thought
- believed believed
- considered considered
Speech
- said said
- reported reported
- claimed claimed
Active vs. Impersonal Passive
Is it an Impersonal Passive?
Does it start with 'It'?
Is there a 'be' verb + V3?
Is there a 'that' clause?
مثالها بر اساس سطح
It is said that he is a good doctor.
Se dice que es un buen médico.
It is thought that today is a holiday.
Se piensa que hoy es festivo.
It is known that water is important.
Se sabe que el agua es importante.
It is believed that they are happy.
Se cree que son felices.
It was said that the movie was boring.
Se decía que la película era aburrida.
It is reported that the train is late.
Se informa que el tren llega tarde.
It is expected that the weather will be nice.
Se espera que el tiempo sea agradable.
It is not thought that he will win.
No se piensa que vaya a ganar.
It is rumored that the CEO is resigning.
Se rumorea que el director general va a dimitir.
It is widely believed that the economy is improving.
Se cree ampliamente que la economía está mejorando.
It is estimated that the project will cost millions.
Se estima que el proyecto costará millones.
It is suggested that we start the meeting early.
Se sugiere que empecemos la reunión temprano.
It has been argued that social media is addictive.
Se ha argumentado que las redes sociales son adictivas.
It is often claimed that money cannot buy happiness.
A menudo se afirma que el dinero no puede comprar la felicidad.
It is alleged that the company avoided paying taxes.
Se alega que la empresa evitó pagar impuestos.
It is understood that the two parties have reached an agreement.
Se entiende que las dos partes han llegado a un acuerdo.
It is postulated that the universe is constantly expanding.
Se postula que el universo está en constante expansión.
It is commonly surmised that the author wrote the book in exile.
Comúnmente se conjetura que el autor escribió el libro en el exilio.
It is feared that the conflict could escalate further.
Se teme que el conflicto pueda escalar más.
It is acknowledged that the previous policy was a failure.
Se reconoce que la política anterior fue un fracaso.
It is widely contended that the socio-economic ramifications were underestimated.
Se sostiene ampliamente que se subestimaron las ramificaciones socioeconómicas.
It is tentatively suggested that the findings may be biased.
Se sugiere tentativamente que los hallazgos pueden estar sesgados.
It is frequently asserted that the traditional family structure is evolving.
Se afirma con frecuencia que la estructura familiar tradicional está evolucionando.
It is rumored, albeit without substantial evidence, that the treaty will be vetoed.
Se rumorea, aunque sin pruebas sustanciales, que el tratado será vetado.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners mix the 'that' clause with the 'to' infinitive.
Using active voice for general rumors.
اشتباهات رایج
Is said that he is nice.
It is said that he is nice.
It says that he is nice.
It is said that he is nice.
It is say that the rain will stop.
It is said that the rain will stop.
It is thought the movie is good.
It is thought that the movie is good.
It is believed him to be rich.
It is believed that he is rich.
It was reported that the fire starts at 10.
It was reported that the fire started at 10.
It is alleged the suspect to have stolen the car.
It is alleged that the suspect stole the car.
الگوهای جملهسازی
It is ___ that ___.
It is widely ___ that ___.
Real World Usage
It is reported that the storm will reach the coast by midnight.
It is rumored that Sarah is getting a promotion.
It is argued that the industrial revolution changed social structures.
It is alleged that the contract was breached on June 5th.
It is expected to rain later today.
It is thought that the city was abandoned due to drought.
صدای 'امن'
It is said thatاستفاده کن. اینجوری مسئولیت ادعا رو گردن نمیگیری!
It is said that the movie is good.
نه 'It is told'
It is told thatخیلی قدیمی به نظر میاد.
سبک خبری بریتانیایی
It is reported that the Prime Minister resigned.
Smart Tips
Swap them for 'It is thought that' or 'It is believed that' to instantly boost your academic tone.
Use 'It is rumored that' to distance yourself from the gossip.
Remember that 'It says' is for written words, but 'It is said' is for spoken beliefs.
Use 'It is reported that' to introduce your main facts.
تلفظ
Weak 'It is'
In natural speech, 'It is' is often reduced to 'It's' or the 'is' becomes very short.
Stress on the Verb
The stress usually falls on the reporting verb (said, thought, believed) to emphasize the nature of the information.
Reporting Intonation
It is reported ↗ that the weather will be nice ↘.
A slight rise on the reporting verb followed by a fall at the end of the sentence.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
IT IS SAID: Information Transferred Is Simply Stated As Indirect Data.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a news anchor behind a desk. They aren't saying 'I think,' they are pointing to a screen that says 'IT IS REPORTED.' The anchor is just a messenger for the 'It'.
Rhyme
When you don't know who to blame, use 'It is said' to hide the name.
Story
A secret agent needs to share a rumor without getting caught. Instead of saying 'I heard the boss is a spy,' he leaves a note that says 'It is rumored that the boss is a spy.' The 'It' protects his identity.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look at a news website for 5 minutes. Try to find one sentence that starts with 'It is reported that' or 'It is believed that.' If you can't find one, rewrite a headline using this structure.
نکات فرهنگی
British news (like the BBC) uses this structure very frequently to maintain a 'neutral' and 'unbiased' tone, which is a core value of British journalism.
In Western universities, using 'I think' in an essay is often discouraged. Students are taught to use 'It is argued that' to make their arguments sound more objective.
In US and UK law, 'It is alleged that' is used to talk about crimes before a person is found guilty. This avoids 'defamation' (saying something untrue that hurts a reputation).
The use of 'It' as a dummy subject (expletive) dates back to Old English, but the formal impersonal passive became popular in Middle English as a way to mimic Latin's objective style.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
It is said that breakfast is the most important meal. Do you agree?
It is rumored that AI will take all our jobs. What do you think?
It was once thought that the Earth was flat. What other old beliefs do you know?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
It ___ believed that the concert is sold out.
بهترین جمله رو انتخاب کن:
Find and fix the mistake:
It is think that the movie starts at 8.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesIt ___ (believe) that the ancient city was very large.
Find and fix the mistake:
Is said that the coffee here is the best in town.
Choose the best option for an academic essay.
People say that he lives in a castle.
Match the following:
You can use 'It is said that' with any verb, like 'It is eaten that'.
A: Why is everyone leaving the office? B: ___ that there is a fire drill.
rumored / that / is / it / is / she / leaving
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesIt is ___ that the test is difficult.
said / is / that / It / is / nice / she
Man glaubt, dass er in London lebt.
قسمتها رو به هم وصل کن:
___ thought that the price will go up.
It is reported the meeting is canceled.
It is ___ that smoking is bad.
جمله بیطرفانه رو انتخاب کن:
that / reported / It / is / won / they
It is ___ that the pizza is coming.
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes! Use 'It was said that' to report something people believed in the past. For example: `It was thought that the Earth was the center of the universe.`
In casual speech, yes. `It's said he's rich.` But in formal writing, you should always include it: `It is said that he is rich.`
Only 'reporting verbs' work. Common ones are: `say, think, believe, know, report, expect, claim, suggest, rumor, allege`.
Yes, the meaning is the same, but 'It is said that' is much more formal and objective.
In English, every sentence needs a subject. Since we don't want to say WHO said it, we use 'It' as a placeholder or 'dummy' subject.
Yes. `It is not believed that the situation will improve.` This is a very formal way to express doubt.
Yes, it is common in both American and British English, especially in news and formal documents.
The meaning is identical, but the grammar is different. 'It is said that' is followed by a full sentence, while 'He is said to' is followed by a verb.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se dice que...
English uses a passive verb; Spanish uses a reflexive pronoun.
On dit que...
French uses an active verb with an indefinite subject.
Man sagt, dass...
German prefers the indefinite pronoun 'man'.
...to iwarete iru
Japanese word order is reversed, but the passive logic is similar.
Yuqālu 'anna...
Arabic does not need a dummy subject like 'It'.
Jùshuō...
Chinese uses a fixed phrase rather than a conjugated passive verb.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
Related Grammar Rules
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