Voz Passiva para Objetividade: 'Diz-se que...'
reportar informações com objetividade e elegância, tipo um jornalista fera!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'It is said that...' to report general beliefs, news, or rumors objectively without naming a specific person.
- Start with the 'dummy' subject 'It' followed by 'is' and a past participle: 'It is believed...'
- Connect your main idea using the word 'that': 'It is thought that...'
- Follow 'that' with a full sentence: 'It is rumored that the shop is closing.'
Overview
eu acho que isto aconteceu. Em vez disso, dizem
é relatado que isto aconteceu.
ouvi um rumor e rumoreja-se que.pivot de notícias. É calma, ponderada e foca-se na notícia, não na pessoa. Além disso, é uma ótima forma de evitar culpas!
a pizza foi atrasada. Soa muito melhor do que
o estafeta perdeu-se.How This Grammar Works
As pessoas dizem que o filme é bom.
As pessoas são as estrelas. Mas na voz passiva para a objetividade, a ação ou a ideia é a estrela. Mudamos para: Diz-se que o filme é bom.
it. Este it não significa nada de específico, na verdade.is e uma forma especial do verbo chamada particípio passado.-ed. Por exemplo, say torna-se said, e report torna-se reported. É como construir uma torre de LEGO.it, do tijolo is e do topo said. Assim que tiveres esta torre, podes adicionar qualquer notícia que queiras. É perfeito para falar de séries da Netflix que toda a gente está a ver.Diz-se que a nova temporada é incrível.
Formation Pattern
it. Este é o teu sujeito fictício.
is. Neste padrão, costumamos ficar no presente.
relato. Verbos comuns são say, think, believe ou report. Estes tornam-se said, thought, believed e reported.
that para ligar a tua ideia.
It + is + Past Participle + that + [Frase]
When To Use It
Sabe-se que a água ferve aos 100 graus. É muito comum nas notícias ou nos jornais.
Diz-se que esta dança do TikTok é difícil.
Acredita-se que o novo chefe é simpático. Soa muito mais profissional do que
o meu amigo disse-me junto à máquina do café.
Common Mistakes
is. Muita gente diz It said that... em vez de It is said that.... Sem o
is, a frase parece partida. É como um carro sem rodas! Outro erro é usar a forma verbal errada. Lembra-te, precisas do particípio passado. Não digas It is say that...ou
It is think that.... Tens de usar
said e thought. Além disso, não te esqueças da palavra that. Embora às vezes a possas saltar em conversas informais, é melhor mantê-la para a objetividade. Por fim, não uses isto para os teus sentimentos pessoais. Se gostas de gelado, não digas acredita-se que eu gosto de gelado. Soa a que és uma experiência científica! Diz apenas
eu gosto de gelado. Usa este padrão apenas para opiniões gerais ou factos.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
a janela foi partida. Isto é semelhante porque usa
be + particípio passado. No entanto, a passiva objetiva é diferente porque usa it.a janela foi partida, sabemos o que foi partido. Em
diz-se que..., o it representa uma ideia inteira. Compara também com as pessoas dizem... ou eles dizem....dizem que vai choverestá ótimo. Mas se estás a escrever um boletim meteorológico,
é relatado que vai choveré muito melhor.
Quick FAQ
P: Posso usar outros tempos como It was said?
R: Sim! Usa was se estiveres a falar do passado.
Acreditava-se que a terra era plana.
P: Isto é apenas para escrita formal?
R: Maioritariamente, mas também podes usar para parecer engraçado ou dramático com amigos!
P: Quais são os verbos mais comuns para isto?
R: Os Quatro Grandes são said, thought, believed e reported.
P: O it refere-se a uma pessoa?
R: Não, é apenas um sujeito fictício para ajudar a gramática a funcionar.
P: Posso dizer
It is told that...?
R: Na verdade, não. Costumamos usar said ou reported em vez de told neste padrão.
P: É adequado para alunos de nível A1?
R: Com certeza! É uma ótima frase para decorar e usar para parecer mais avançado imediatamente.
Common Reporting Verbs in the Impersonal Passive
| Tense | Structure | Example Verb | Full Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
It is + V3
|
say
|
It is said that...
|
|
Past Simple
|
It was + V3
|
think
|
It was thought that...
|
|
Present Perfect
|
It has been + V3
|
report
|
It has been reported that...
|
|
Future Simple
|
It will be + V3
|
expect
|
It will be expected that...
|
|
Present Continuous
|
It is being + V3
|
rumor
|
It is being rumored that...
|
|
Past Perfect
|
It had been + V3
|
believe
|
It had been believed that...
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
It is said
|
It's said
|
Common in speech, rare in formal writing.
|
|
It was said
|
N/A
|
We rarely contract 'It was' in this structure.
|
|
It has been said
|
It's been said
|
Very common in spoken English.
|
Meanings
A formal structure used to report information, opinions, or beliefs when the specific source is unknown, unimportant, or general.
General Belief
Reporting what is widely accepted as true by society or a large group.
“It is believed that the pyramids were built by thousands of workers.”
“It is thought that breakfast is the most important meal of the day.”
News & Formal Reporting
Reporting facts or events where the journalist wants to remain objective.
“It is reported that the two companies are planning a merger.”
“It is alleged that the suspect fled the scene in a red car.”
Rumors & Speculation
Sharing unconfirmed information without taking personal responsibility for its truth.
“It is rumored that they are getting a divorce.”
“It is whispered that the house is haunted.”
Reference Table
| Notificação Ativa | Voz Passiva (Forma 'It') | Voz Passiva (Forma Sujeito) | Quando Usar |
|---|---|---|---|
|
People say he's smart.
|
It is said that he is smart.
|
He is said to be smart.
|
Opinião geral, informal/formal
|
|
They believe she moved.
|
It is believed that she moved.
|
She is believed to have moved.
|
Crença comum, formal
|
|
We know she's capable.
|
It is known that she is capable.
|
She is known to be capable.
|
Fato estabelecido, formal
|
|
They expect him to win.
|
It is expected that he will win.
|
He is expected to win.
|
Resultado esperado, formal
|
|
People consider her a leader.
|
It is considered that she is a leader.
|
She is considered to be a leader.
|
Julgamento comum, formal
|
|
They reported the discovery.
|
It was reported that they discovered...
|
They were reported to have discovered...
|
Notícias/relatórios oficiais
|
Espectro de formalidade
It is widely believed that the corporation is facing insolvency. (Business news)
It is thought that the company is going out of business. (Business news)
It's said that the shop is closing down. (Business news)
Word is the place is toast. (Business news)
Voz Passiva para Objetividade: 'It is said that...'
Estrutura 1: 'It' Impessoal
- It is said that... Foco na afirmação
- It is believed that... Crença geral
- It is known that... Conhecimento comum
Estrutura 2: Focada no Sujeito
- He is said to be... Foco na pessoa/coisa
- She is expected to win. Resultado esperado
- They are understood to have... Ação/estado passado
Verbos de Reporte
- say
- believe
- know
- report
- expect
- consider
Usos Principais
- Objetividade Soar neutro/imparcial
- Contexto formal Notícias, acadêmico, oficial
- Evitar fonte Não sabe ou não quer dizer quem
- Distância Reportar boatos/informações não confirmadas
Reporte Ativo vs. Passivo
Escolhendo a Estrutura de Reporte Passiva
Você quer reportar uma opinião geral ou um fato?
O sujeito original da frase reportada é uma pessoa/coisa que você quer destacar?
A ação reportada acontece *antes* do reporte (ou está completa)?
Reporte Passivo: Verbos & Usos
Verbos de Reporte Comuns
- • say
- • believe
- • know
- • report
- • expect
- • consider
- • understand
- • allege
Quando Usar
- • Manchetes de notícias
- • Escrita acadêmica
- • Discussões formais
- • Evitar culpa
- • Compartilhar boatos
- • Verdades gerais
Benefícios Chave
- • Objetividade
- • Formalidade
- • Impersonalidade
- • Tom profissional
- • Distanciamento
- • Conciseza
Armadilhas Comuns
- • Faltando o 'be' verb
- • Tempo do infinitivo errado
- • Adicionar 'by people'
- • Uso excessivo em conversas informais
Exemplos por nível
It is said that he is a good doctor.
Se dice que es un buen médico.
It is thought that today is a holiday.
Se piensa que hoy es festivo.
It is known that water is important.
Se sabe que el agua es importante.
It is believed that they are happy.
Se cree que son felices.
It was said that the movie was boring.
Se decía que la película era aburrida.
It is reported that the train is late.
Se informa que el tren llega tarde.
It is expected that the weather will be nice.
Se espera que el tiempo sea agradable.
It is not thought that he will win.
No se piensa que vaya a ganar.
It is rumored that the CEO is resigning.
Se rumorea que el director general va a dimitir.
It is widely believed that the economy is improving.
Se cree ampliamente que la economía está mejorando.
It is estimated that the project will cost millions.
Se estima que el proyecto costará millones.
It is suggested that we start the meeting early.
Se sugiere que empecemos la reunión temprano.
It has been argued that social media is addictive.
Se ha argumentado que las redes sociales son adictivas.
It is often claimed that money cannot buy happiness.
A menudo se afirma que el dinero no puede comprar la felicidad.
It is alleged that the company avoided paying taxes.
Se alega que la empresa evitó pagar impuestos.
It is understood that the two parties have reached an agreement.
Se entiende que las dos partes han llegado a un acuerdo.
It is postulated that the universe is constantly expanding.
Se postula que el universo está en constante expansión.
It is commonly surmised that the author wrote the book in exile.
Comúnmente se conjetura que el autor escribió el libro en el exilio.
It is feared that the conflict could escalate further.
Se teme que el conflicto pueda escalar más.
It is acknowledged that the previous policy was a failure.
Se reconoce que la política anterior fue un fracaso.
It is widely contended that the socio-economic ramifications were underestimated.
Se sostiene ampliamente que se subestimaron las ramificaciones socioeconómicas.
It is tentatively suggested that the findings may be biased.
Se sugiere tentativamente que los hallazgos pueden estar sesgados.
It is frequently asserted that the traditional family structure is evolving.
Se afirma con frecuencia que la estructura familiar tradicional está evolucionando.
It is rumored, albeit without substantial evidence, that the treaty will be vetoed.
Se rumorea, aunque sin pruebas sustanciales, que el tratado será vetado.
Fácil de confundir
Learners mix the 'that' clause with the 'to' infinitive.
Using active voice for general rumors.
Erros comuns
Is said that he is nice.
It is said that he is nice.
It says that he is nice.
It is said that he is nice.
It is say that the rain will stop.
It is said that the rain will stop.
It is thought the movie is good.
It is thought that the movie is good.
It is believed him to be rich.
It is believed that he is rich.
It was reported that the fire starts at 10.
It was reported that the fire started at 10.
It is alleged the suspect to have stolen the car.
It is alleged that the suspect stole the car.
Padrões de frases
It is ___ that ___.
It is widely ___ that ___.
Real World Usage
It is reported that the storm will reach the coast by midnight.
It is rumored that Sarah is getting a promotion.
It is argued that the industrial revolution changed social structures.
It is alleged that the contract was breached on June 5th.
It is expected to rain later today.
It is thought that the city was abandoned due to drought.
Escolha o Padrão Certo
It is said that the new restaurant is amazingvs.
The new restaurant is said to be amazing.
Não Esqueça o 'Be'!
It is believed that she will win.
Cuidado com o Tempo do Infinitivo
She is known to have traveled the world.
Sua Arma Secreta para Soar Neutro e Objetivo
It is understood that the changes are necessary.
Smart Tips
Swap them for 'It is thought that' or 'It is believed that' to instantly boost your academic tone.
Use 'It is rumored that' to distance yourself from the gossip.
Remember that 'It says' is for written words, but 'It is said' is for spoken beliefs.
Use 'It is reported that' to introduce your main facts.
Pronúncia
Weak 'It is'
In natural speech, 'It is' is often reduced to 'It's' or the 'is' becomes very short.
Stress on the Verb
The stress usually falls on the reporting verb (said, thought, believed) to emphasize the nature of the information.
Reporting Intonation
It is reported ↗ that the weather will be nice ↘.
A slight rise on the reporting verb followed by a fall at the end of the sentence.
Memorize
Mnemônico
IT IS SAID: Information Transferred Is Simply Stated As Indirect Data.
Associação visual
Imagine a news anchor behind a desk. They aren't saying 'I think,' they are pointing to a screen that says 'IT IS REPORTED.' The anchor is just a messenger for the 'It'.
Rhyme
When you don't know who to blame, use 'It is said' to hide the name.
Story
A secret agent needs to share a rumor without getting caught. Instead of saying 'I heard the boss is a spy,' he leaves a note that says 'It is rumored that the boss is a spy.' The 'It' protects his identity.
Word Web
Desafio
Look at a news website for 5 minutes. Try to find one sentence that starts with 'It is reported that' or 'It is believed that.' If you can't find one, rewrite a headline using this structure.
Notas culturais
British news (like the BBC) uses this structure very frequently to maintain a 'neutral' and 'unbiased' tone, which is a core value of British journalism.
In Western universities, using 'I think' in an essay is often discouraged. Students are taught to use 'It is argued that' to make their arguments sound more objective.
In US and UK law, 'It is alleged that' is used to talk about crimes before a person is found guilty. This avoids 'defamation' (saying something untrue that hurts a reputation).
The use of 'It' as a dummy subject (expletive) dates back to Old English, but the formal impersonal passive became popular in Middle English as a way to mimic Latin's objective style.
Iniciadores de conversa
It is said that breakfast is the most important meal. Do you agree?
It is rumored that AI will take all our jobs. What do you think?
It was once thought that the Earth was flat. What other old beliefs do you know?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
The new policy ___ expected to increase student engagement.
Find and fix the mistake:
It believed that laughter is the best medicine.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesIt ___ (believe) that the ancient city was very large.
Find and fix the mistake:
Is said that the coffee here is the best in town.
Choose the best option for an academic essay.
People say that he lives in a castle.
Match the following:
You can use 'It is said that' with any verb, like 'It is eaten that'.
A: Why is everyone leaving the office? B: ___ that there is a fire drill.
rumored / that / is / it / is / she / leaving
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe ancient ruins ___ thought to be thousands of years old.
Escolha a frase correta:
The project leader is expected complete the report by Friday.
Traduza para o inglês: 'Se sabe que la película ganó varios premios.'
Organize estas palavras em uma frase:
Combine as metades da frase:
The new AI tool ___ (expect) to revolutionize data analysis.
Escolha a frase correta:
The new policy is considered being unfair by some employees.
Traduza para o inglês: 'Se creía que el tesoro estaba escondido en la cueva.'
Organize estas palavras em uma frase:
Combine as frases:
Score: /12
Perguntas frequentes (8)
Yes! Use 'It was said that' to report something people believed in the past. For example: `It was thought that the Earth was the center of the universe.`
In casual speech, yes. `It's said he's rich.` But in formal writing, you should always include it: `It is said that he is rich.`
Only 'reporting verbs' work. Common ones are: `say, think, believe, know, report, expect, claim, suggest, rumor, allege`.
Yes, the meaning is the same, but 'It is said that' is much more formal and objective.
In English, every sentence needs a subject. Since we don't want to say WHO said it, we use 'It' as a placeholder or 'dummy' subject.
Yes. `It is not believed that the situation will improve.` This is a very formal way to express doubt.
Yes, it is common in both American and British English, especially in news and formal documents.
The meaning is identical, but the grammar is different. 'It is said that' is followed by a full sentence, while 'He is said to' is followed by a verb.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se dice que...
English uses a passive verb; Spanish uses a reflexive pronoun.
On dit que...
French uses an active verb with an indefinite subject.
Man sagt, dass...
German prefers the indefinite pronoun 'man'.
...to iwarete iru
Japanese word order is reversed, but the passive logic is similar.
Yuqālu 'anna...
Arabic does not need a dummy subject like 'It'.
Jùshuō...
Chinese uses a fixed phrase rather than a conjugated passive verb.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Vídeos relacionados
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