Voz Passiva: Verbos de Relato (Diz-se que...)
formal, objetivo e com nuances.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use reporting verbs in the passive to share information without naming a specific source, creating a formal, objective tone.
- Use 'It + passive verb + that' for general claims: 'It is said that he is rich.'
- Use 'Subject + passive verb + to-infinitive' for specific focus: 'He is said to be rich.'
- Common verbs include: say, think, believe, consider, report, and claim.
Overview
Voz do Repórter de Notícias.
People say that Apple is making a car, pode dizer
It is said that Apple is making a car. Isso faz com que pareça objetivo, profissional e talvez um pouco misterioso. Quer esteja a enviar uma mensagem a um amigo sobre um vídeo viral ou a escrever um relatório para uma reunião no Zoom, este padrão é o seu melhor amigo.It is believed that the target is at the cafe.
My friend thinks he is there, certo?
How This Grammar Works
Everyone says that the new movie is great.
Everyone é a estrela. Mas na versão de relato passivo, a *notícia* torna-se a estrela. It is said that the new movie is great.verbos de relato para fazer este trabalho. São palavras como say, think, believe, know, report e expect. Estes verbos agem como uma ponte entre o rumor e a realidade.Diz-se que, não que *você* o disse!Não me cite, mas....
Formation Pattern
It (A forma fácil):
It.
to be (geralmente is ou was).
said, thought ou known).
that.
It + is/was + Particípio Passado + that + Frase.
It is thought that the exam will be hard. (Pensa-se que o exame será difícil).
Sujeito (A forma elegante):
to be (is, are, was, were).
to + a forma base do verbo.
Sujeito + is/was + Particípio Passado + to + Verbo.
The teacher is said to be very kind. (Diz-se que o professor é muito gentil).
When To Use It
- Partilhar fofocas:
It is said that they broke up over a WhatsApp message!
(Drama clássico). - Relatórios de notícias:
It is reported that the flight is delayed due to weather
. (Útil para vlogs de viagens). - Factos gerais:
It is known that the Earth is round
. (Embora alguns TikTokers possam discordar!) - Opiniões profissionais:
It is expected that the project will finish on Friday
. (Ótimo para entrevistas de emprego ou reuniões no Zoom). - Tendências de redes sociais:
This new cafe is thought to have the best lattes in town
. (Perfeito para a sua legenda no Instagram).
People say, varie um pouco. Mostra que tem um alto nível de controlo sobre o idioma.It was thought that the meeting was at 10 AMsoa muito melhor do que
I thought the meeting was at 10 AMquando chega atrasado!
Common Mistakes
- Esquecer o
that: No padrão comIt, quase sempre precisa dethat. - ✗ *Errado:*
It is said the movie is bad. - ✓ *Correto:*
It is said that the movie is bad. - Confundir
toethat: Este é o erro mais comum. Lembre-se:Itvai comthat, e oSujeitovai comto. - ✗ *Errado:*
He is said that he is rich. - ✓ *Correto:*
He is said to be rich. - Usar a forma verbal errada: Certifique-se de que o verbo de relato está no particípio passado (
said, nãosay). - ✗ *Errado:*
It is say that she is coming. - ✓ *Correto:*
It is said that she is coming. - Confusão com o plural: No padrão de sujeito, certifique-se de que
is/areconcorda com o sujeito. - ✗ *Errado:*
They is said to be late. - ✓ *Correto:*
They are said to be late.
It's supposed that quando deveriam dizer It is thought that. Continue a praticar!Contrast With Similar Patterns
People say?People say that pizza is healthy
.- Isto é amigável e casual. Está a falar sobre o que as *pessoas* fazem. É ótimo para uma conversa num café.
It is said that pizza is healthy
.- Isto é mais formal. Soa como um estudo científico ou um relatório de notícias. Foca-se na *pizza*, não nas pessoas.
The cake was eaten). A diferença é que os relatos passivos usam verbos de *pensamento* ou *fala* (say, think, know). As passivas regulares usam verbos de *ação* (eat, build, break).The house was built é uma passiva regular, mas The house is said to be haunted é um relato passivo. Um é sobre uma ação, o outro sobre um rumor!Quick FAQ
P: Isto é apenas para escrita formal?
R: De forma alguma! Usamos também em fofocas casuais.
It is said that he has a secret twin!
P: Posso usar qualquer verbo?
R: Não, apenas verbos de relato como say, think, believe, know, report e expect funcionam bem aqui.
P: Porquê usar It como sujeito?
R: It é um sujeito fictício. Não significa nada; apenas ocupa o lugar para que a frase se possa focar na notícia.
P: Existe uma versão no passado?
R: Sim! Pode dizer It was said that ou He was thought to be. Basta mudar is para was.
P: Isto funciona para perguntas?
R: Sim!
Is it said that he is leaving?ou
Is she thought to be the winner?
P: Qual é o verbo mais comum?
R: Said é definitivamente o rei dos verbos de relato. Ouvirá It is said that em todo o lado!
P: Posso usar It is said to be?
R: Não, isso mistura os dois padrões. Use It is said that... ou Something is said to be....
Common Reporting Verbs in Passive
| Verb | It + Passive + That | Subject + Passive + To-Infinitive |
|---|---|---|
|
Say
|
It is said that...
|
He is said to be...
|
|
Think
|
It is thought that...
|
She is thought to have...
|
|
Believe
|
It is believed that...
|
They are believed to live...
|
|
Consider
|
It is considered that...
|
It is considered to be...
|
|
Report
|
It is reported that...
|
The news is reported to be...
|
|
Claim
|
It is claimed that...
|
He is claimed to have...
|
|
Know
|
It is known that...
|
She is known to work...
|
|
Expect
|
It is expected that...
|
Prices are expected to rise...
|
Contractions in Reporting Passives
| Full Form | Contracted Form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
It is said
|
It's said
|
Common in speech
|
|
It is thought
|
It's thought
|
Common in speech
|
|
He is said
|
He's said
|
Common in speech
|
|
They are believed
|
They're believed
|
Common in speech
|
Meanings
A grammatical construction used to report what people in general say, think, or believe, often used in news and academic writing to maintain objectivity.
General Hearsay
Reporting rumors or widely held beliefs without a specific source.
“It is said that the house is haunted.”
“He is thought to be the best player in the league.”
Formal/Academic Reporting
Presenting facts or theories in a way that sounds objective and authoritative.
“It is considered that the experiment was a success.”
“The virus is known to spread through air droplets.”
Historical/Past Beliefs
Describing what people used to believe in the past.
“It was once thought that the Earth was flat.”
“The ruins were believed to be of Roman origin.”
Reference Table
| Reportagem Ativa | Voz Passiva Impessoal (It is...) | Voz Passiva Pessoal (Subject is...) |
|---|---|---|
|
People say he's smart.
|
It is said that he's smart.
|
He is said to be smart.
|
|
They believe she is kind.
|
It is believed that she is kind.
|
She is believed to be kind.
|
|
Experts expect prices will rise.
|
It is expected that prices will rise.
|
Prices are expected to rise.
|
|
People know he stole the car.
|
It is known that he stole the car.
|
He is known to have stolen the car.
|
|
The media reported they fled.
|
It was reported that they fled.
|
They were reported to have fled.
|
|
Many think she's innocent.
|
It is thought that she's innocent.
|
She is thought to be innocent.
|
|
We understand he's busy.
|
It is understood that he's busy.
|
He is understood to be busy.
|
Espectro de formalidade
He is widely held to be an exceptional leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
It is said that he is a great leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
They say he's a great leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
Word is, he's the GOAT. (Describing a politician or boss)
Verbos de Relato Passivos: O Fluxo da Informação
Padrão 1: Impessoal
- It is said that... Declarações gerais
- It is believed that... Opiniões comuns
- It is known that... Fatos estabelecidos
Padrão 2: Pessoal
- Subject is said to be... Estado presente/futuro
- Subject is believed to have... Ação passada
- Subject is expected to... Ação futura
Por que usar?
- Objectivity Escrita formal, notícias
- Diplomacy Evitar culpa
- Focus on Info Fonte sem importância
Comparação: Passiva Impessoal vs. Pessoal
Escolhendo a Estrutura de Relato Passivo
Você quer focar na informação de forma geral, ou em um sujeito específico?
A ação relatada aconteceu no passado em relação ao momento do relato?
Verbos de Relato Comuns na Passiva
Opinião Geral
- • say
- • believe
- • think
- • understand
Relato Oficial
- • report
- • announce
- • state
- • allege
Expectativa/Conhecimento
- • expect
- • know
- • consider
- • assume
Exemplos por nível
It is said that he is rich.
Se dice que él es rico.
It is known that she is a teacher.
Se sabe que ella es profesora.
It is thought that it will rain.
Se piensa que lloverá.
It is reported that the shop is closed.
Se informa que la tienda está cerrada.
It is believed that they live in London.
Se cree que viven en Londres.
It is said that the food here is good.
Se dice que la comida aquí es buena.
It is known that water boils at 100 degrees.
Se sabe que el agua hierve a 100 grados.
It is thought that the movie starts at 8.
Se piensa que la película empieza a las 8.
He is said to be a very talented musician.
Se dice que es un músico muy talentoso.
It is reported that the strike will end soon.
Se informa que la huelga terminará pronto.
The company is thought to be losing money.
Se piensa que la empresa está perdiendo dinero.
It was once believed that the sun went around the Earth.
Una vez se creyó que el sol giraba alrededor de la Tierra.
The suspect is alleged to have fled the country.
Se alega que el sospechoso ha huido del país.
It is widely considered that his latest book is his best.
Se considera ampliamente que su último libro es el mejor.
The painting is believed to be a genuine Picasso.
Se cree que la pintura es un Picasso auténtico.
It is expected that interest rates will rise next month.
Se espera que las tasas de interés suban el próximo mes.
The manuscript is purported to be the work of a 15th-century monk.
Se pretende que el manuscrito sea obra de un monje del siglo XV.
It is contended that the current policy is fundamentally flawed.
Se sostiene que la política actual es fundamentalmente defectuosa.
The CEO is understood to be considering his resignation.
Se entiende que el CEO está considerando su renuncia.
It has been suggested that the two events are linked.
Se ha sugerido que los dos eventos están vinculados.
The findings are widely held to have significant implications for the field.
Se considera ampliamente que los hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para el campo.
It is surmised that the civilization collapsed due to prolonged drought.
Se conjetura que la civilización colapsó debido a una sequía prolongada.
The senator is reputed to have been involved in the scandal.
Se dice que el senador estuvo involucrado en el escándalo.
It is gathered from the evidence that the fire was intentional.
Se deduce de la evidencia que el incendio fue intencional.
Fácil de confundir
Learners often use 'They say' in formal writing where 'It is said' is required.
Mixing up 'The book was written' (action) with 'The book is said to be' (opinion).
Using 'It says' to mean 'People say'.
Erros comuns
Is said that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
People is said he is rich.
It is said he is rich.
It says that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
He said to be rich.
He is said to be rich.
It is thought he rich.
It is thought that he is rich.
He is thought being rich.
He is thought to be rich.
It believed that...
It is believed that...
He is said to have steal the money.
He is said to have stolen the money.
It is reported the plane to be late.
It is reported that the plane is late.
He is thought to be live in London.
He is thought to live in London.
The CEO is alleged having lied.
The CEO is alleged to have lied.
It is contended the policy being wrong.
It is contended that the policy is wrong.
Padrões de frases
It is ___ that ___.
___ is/are thought to ___.
It was once believed that ___.
The suspect is alleged to have ___.
Real World Usage
It is reported that the storm is heading north.
It is generally accepted that the data is accurate.
He's said to be getting a promotion.
The defendant is alleged to have committed the act.
It was believed that the king had died in battle.
The fountain is said to bring good luck.
Escolha o 'it' certo
It is said that practice makes perfect.
Não se esqueça do 'to'!
He is said to be a genius.
Varie seus infinitivos
She is believed to have finished the project.
Parecendo objetivo
It is widely reported that the event was a success.
Verifique seu contexto
(casual) vs. It is said to be cool" (formal).Smart Tips
Start your sentences with 'It is reported that...' or 'It is alleged that...'.
Use the 'Subject + is said to' pattern. It's more descriptive.
Avoid 'I think'. Use 'It is considered that...' or 'It is argued that...'.
Use 'to have + V3' to show the action happened before the reporting.
Pronúncia
Stress on the reporting verb
In the phrase 'It is SAID that', the stress usually falls on the past participle to emphasize the nature of the report.
Linking 'It is'
In natural speech, 'It is' often sounds like 'It's' or 'Idiz' with a soft 'd' sound in American English.
Falling intonation for facts
It is known that the Earth is round. ↘
Conveys certainty and authority.
Rising intonation for rumors
It is said that he's leaving? ↗
Conveys doubt or asks for confirmation.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Remember S.T.A.R.: Said, Thought, Alleged, Reported. These are your 4 main reporting stars!
Associação visual
Imagine a news anchor sitting behind a desk. They aren't saying 'I think...', they are reading a script that says 'It is reported that...'. The desk is the 'It is' that supports the whole story.
Rhyme
When you don't know who to blame, 'It is said' is the name of the game!
Story
A secret agent needs to share information without revealing his source. He writes a letter starting with 'It is believed that the enemy is near.' By using the passive, he keeps his source safe and sounds like a professional spy.
Word Web
Desafio
Look at a news headline today. Try to rewrite it using 'It is said that...' or 'The [Subject] is reported to...'.
Notas culturais
British academic writing relies heavily on the impersonal passive to sound modest and objective, avoiding 'I think' at all costs.
Journalists use 'alleged' to avoid lawsuits (libel). If they say 'He stole it', they can be sued. If they say 'He is alleged to have stolen it', they are safe.
In casual conversation, 'It's said that' is less common than 'Word has it' or 'They say', but 'He's said to be' is common when discussing celebrities.
This structure comes from the Latin 'impersonal passive' where verbs like 'dicitur' (it is said) were used to convey general truths.
Iniciadores de conversa
It is said that travel broadens the mind. Do you agree?
He is thought to be the greatest athlete of all time. Who am I talking about?
It is rumored that a new iPhone is coming out soon. Have you heard anything?
In your country, what is said to be the best dish for a visitor to try?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
It ___ that the new restaurant serves amazing vegan food.
Find and fix the mistake:
The actor is reported having a new role in a Netflix series.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Se cree que la compañía lanzará un nuevo producto pronto.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesIt ___ that the Earth was flat.
He is thought ___ in New York.
Find and fix the mistake:
Is said that the movie is very long.
She ___ a genius.
'It is reported the company to be closing.'
Match: 1. Allege, 2. Surmise, 3. Rumor
A: They say he's late. B: He is reported to be late.
It is ___ that...
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe new policy ___ to improve working conditions for remote employees.
It is thought the team leader is resigning.
Which sentence is correct?
Se dice que el museo está abierto hasta tarde los jueves.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentence halves:
The suspect ___ to have fled the country immediately after the incident.
It is saying that this view is incredible! #travelgram
Which option is grammatically sound?
Se rumorea que esta canción será el éxito del verano.
Reorder the words to form a coherent sentence:
Match the verb to its common usage context:
Score: /12
Perguntas frequentes (8)
You can! But 'It is said' is more formal and objective. It's better for writing.
No, only verbs of thinking (believe, think), saying (report, claim), or knowing (know, understand).
Meaning is the same. 'It is said that' focuses on the whole idea; 'He is said to' focuses on the person.
Both are correct. 'It's said' is more common in speaking; 'It is said' is better for formal writing.
Yes! 'It is expected that...' is a common way to talk about the future.
No. Use 'It is said that' or 'I was told that'.
Use 'It was said that...' or 'He is said to have been...'.
Yes, it's standard in both British and American English, especially in news.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se dice que...
Spanish doesn't use a dummy subject like 'It'.
On dit que...
French uses an active structure (On dit) for the same purpose.
Es wird gesagt, dass...
German word order in the 'dass' clause is different.
...to iwarete iru
Japanese puts the reporting verb at the end of the sentence.
Yuqal anna...
Arabic doesn't need a separate word for 'It' or 'is'.
据说是 (Jùshuō shì)
Chinese has no passive conjugation for this; it's a lexical choice.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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Passive Reporting Verbs in English | IT IS SAID THAT, IT IS THOUGHT THAT
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