Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use reporting verbs in the passive to share information without naming a specific source, creating a formal, objective tone.
- Use 'It + passive verb + that' for general claims: 'It is said that he is rich.'
- Use 'Subject + passive verb + to-infinitive' for specific focus: 'He is said to be rich.'
- Common verbs include: say, think, believe, consider, report, and claim.
Overview
People say that Apple is making a car(사람들은 애플이 자동차를 만든다고 말한다)라고 말하는 대신,
It is said that Apple is making a car라고 말할 수 있습니다. 이렇게 하면 객관적이고 전문적이며, 약간은 신비로운 느낌을 줄 수 있습니다. 친구에게 인기 동영상에 대해 문자를 보낼 때나 줌 회의 보고서를 작성할 때 이 패턴은 여러분의 가장 친한 친구가 될 것입니다.It is believed that the target is at the cafe(목표물이 카페에 있는 것으로 믿어진다).«내 친구가 그러는데 걔 거기 있대»보다 훨씬 멋지게 들리지 않나요?
How This Grammar Works
Everyone says that the new movie is great(모두가 새 영화가 훌륭하다고 말한다).여기서 'Everyone'이 주인공입니다.
It is said that the new movie is great. 우리는 이 역할을 하기 위해 '보고 동사'라고 불리는 특정 동사들을 사용합니다.say, think, believe, know, report, expect 같은 단어들이죠. 이 동사들은 소문과 현실 사이의 다리 역할을 합니다. 사진에 필터를 씌우는 것과 같습니다.
Formation Pattern
It이라는 단어로 시작합니다.
to be 동사(보통 is 또는 was)를 추가합니다.
said, thought, known 등)로 추가합니다.
that이라는 단어를 추가합니다.
It + is/was + 과거분사 + that + 문장.
It is thought that the exam will be hard. (시험이 어려울 것으로 생각된다.)
to be 동사(is, are, was, were)를 추가합니다.
to + 동사 원형을 추가합니다.
주어 + is/was + 과거분사 + to + 동사.
The teacher is said to be very kind. (그 선생님은 매우 친절하다고들 한다.)
When To Use It
- 가십 공유:
It is said that they broke up over a WhatsApp message!
(왓츠앱 메시지로 헤어졌대!)(전형적인 드라마죠.) - 뉴스 보도:
It is reported that the flight is delayed due to weather.
(날씨 때문에 항공편이 지연되었다고 보도되었습니다.)(여행 브이로그에 유용합니다.) - 일반적인 사실:
It is known that the Earth is round.
(지구가 둥글다는 것은 알려진 사실입니다.)(일부 틱톡커들은 동의하지 않을 수도 있지만요!) - 전문적인 의견:
It is expected that the project will finish on Friday.
(프로젝트가 금요일에 끝날 것으로 예상됩니다.)(면접이나 줌 미팅에서 좋습니다.) - 소셜 미디어 트렌드:
This new cafe is thought to have the best lattes in town.
(이 새 카페가 동네에서 라떼가 제일 맛있다고들 해.)(인스타그램 캡션에 딱이죠.)
People say만 말하는 대신 변화를 주는 것이죠. 이는 여러분이 언어를 높은 수준으로 제어하고 있음을 보여줍니다. 또한 책임을 피하기에도 아주 좋습니다. 지각했을 때 «내가 회의가 10시인 줄 알았어»라고 말하는 것보다 회의가 10시인 것으로 생각되었습니다(It was thought that the meeting was at 10 AM)라고 말하는 것이 훨씬 낫게 들립니다!
Common Mistakes
that빠뜨리기: 'It' 패턴에서는 거의 항상that이 필요합니다.- ✗ *틀림:*
It is said the movie is bad. - ✓ *맞음:*
It is said that the movie is bad. to와that혼동하기: 가장 흔한 실수입니다. 기억하세요. 'It'은that과 짝을 이루고, '주어'는to와 짝을 이룹니다.- ✗ *틀림:*
He is said that he is rich. - ✓ *맞음:*
He is said to be rich. - 잘못된 동사 형태 사용: 보고 동사가 과거분사 형태(
said,say가 아님)인지 확인하세요. - ✗ *틀림:*
It is say that she is coming. - ✓ *맞음:*
It is said that she is coming. - 복수형 혼동: 주어 패턴에서
is/are가 주어와 일치하는지 확인하세요. - ✗ *틀림:*
They is said to be late. - ✓ *맞음:*
They are said to be late.
It is thought that이라고 해야 할 때 가끔 It's supposed that이라고 말하곤 합니다. 계속 연습하세요!Contrast With Similar Patterns
People say라고 말하는 것과 어떻게 다를까요?People say that pizza is healthy.
- 친근하고 캐주얼합니다. '사람들'이 무엇을 하는지에 대해 이야기하는 것입니다. 카페에서 대화할 때 좋습니다.
It is said that pizza is healthy.
- 더 격식 있습니다. 과학적 연구나 뉴스 보도처럼 들립니다. 사람들이 아닌 '피자'에 집중합니다.
The cake was eaten)입니다. 차이점은 보고 수동태는 '생각'이나 '말하기' 동사(say, think, know)를 사용한다는 것입니다. 일반 수동태는 '행동' 동사(eat, build, break)를 사용합니다. 따라서 The house was built는 일반 수동태이지만, The house is said to be haunted는 보고 수동태입니다. 하나는 행동에 관한 것이고, 다른 하나는 소문에 관한 것입니다!Quick FAQ
격식 있는 글쓰기에만 쓰나요?
전혀 아닙니다! 일상적인 가십에서도 사용합니다. «걔 숨겨진 쌍둥이가 있다고들 해!»
아무 동사나 쓸 수 있나요?
아니요, say, think, believe, know, report, expect와 같은 '보고' 동사들만 잘 어울립니다.
왜 It을 주어로 쓰나요?
It은 '가주어'입니다. 특별한 의미는 없으며, 문장이 뉴스 내용에 집중할 수 있도록 자리를 잡아주는 역할만 합니다.
과거형도 있나요?
네! It was said that 또는 He was thought to be라고 말할 수 있습니다. is를 was로 바꾸기만 하면 됩니다.
의문문에서도 작동하나요?
네!
걔가 떠난다고들 하니?(Is it said that he is leaving?)또는
걔가 우승자라고들 하니?(Is she thought to be the winner?)처럼요.
가장 많이 쓰이는 동사는 무엇인가요?
Said가 단연 보고 동사의 왕입니다. 어디서나 It is said that을 듣게 될 거예요!
It is said to be라고 말할 수 있나요?
아니요, 그건 두 패턴을 섞은 것입니다. It is said that... 또는 Something is said to be... 중 하나를 사용하세요.
Common Reporting Verbs in Passive
| Verb | It + Passive + That | Subject + Passive + To-Infinitive |
|---|---|---|
|
Say
|
It is said that...
|
He is said to be...
|
|
Think
|
It is thought that...
|
She is thought to have...
|
|
Believe
|
It is believed that...
|
They are believed to live...
|
|
Consider
|
It is considered that...
|
It is considered to be...
|
|
Report
|
It is reported that...
|
The news is reported to be...
|
|
Claim
|
It is claimed that...
|
He is claimed to have...
|
|
Know
|
It is known that...
|
She is known to work...
|
|
Expect
|
It is expected that...
|
Prices are expected to rise...
|
Contractions in Reporting Passives
| Full Form | Contracted Form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
It is said
|
It's said
|
Common in speech
|
|
It is thought
|
It's thought
|
Common in speech
|
|
He is said
|
He's said
|
Common in speech
|
|
They are believed
|
They're believed
|
Common in speech
|
Meanings
A grammatical construction used to report what people in general say, think, or believe, often used in news and academic writing to maintain objectivity.
General Hearsay
Reporting rumors or widely held beliefs without a specific source.
“It is said that the house is haunted.”
“He is thought to be the best player in the league.”
Formal/Academic Reporting
Presenting facts or theories in a way that sounds objective and authoritative.
“It is considered that the experiment was a success.”
“The virus is known to spread through air droplets.”
Historical/Past Beliefs
Describing what people used to believe in the past.
“It was once thought that the Earth was flat.”
“The ruins were believed to be of Roman origin.”
Reference Table
| 능동태 보고 | 비인칭 수동태 (It is...) | 인칭 수동태 (Subject is...) |
|---|---|---|
|
People say he's smart.
|
It is said that he's smart.
|
He is said to be smart.
|
|
They believe she is kind.
|
It is believed that she is kind.
|
She is believed to be kind.
|
|
Experts expect prices will rise.
|
It is expected that prices will rise.
|
Prices are expected to rise.
|
|
People know he stole the car.
|
It is known that he stole the car.
|
He is known to have stolen the car.
|
|
The media reported they fled.
|
It was reported that they fled.
|
They were reported to have fled.
|
|
Many think she's innocent.
|
It is thought that she's innocent.
|
She is thought to be innocent.
|
|
We understand he's busy.
|
It is understood that he's busy.
|
He is understood to be busy.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
He is widely held to be an exceptional leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
It is said that he is a great leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
They say he's a great leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
Word is, he's the GOAT. (Describing a politician or boss)
수동태 보고 동사: 정보 흐름
패턴 1: 비인칭
- It is said that... 일반적인 진술
- It is believed that... 흔한 의견
- It is known that... 확립된 사실
패턴 2: 인칭
- Subject is said to be... 현재 상태/미래
- Subject is believed to have... 과거 동작
- Subject is expected to... 미래 동작
왜 사용하나요?
- 객관성 공식적인 글, 뉴스
- 외교적 표현 책임 회피
- 정보에 초점 출처는 중요하지 않음
비인칭 대 인칭 수동태 보고
수동태 보고 구조 선택하기
정보 전반에 초점을 맞추고 싶나요, 아니면 특정 주체에 초점을 맞추고 싶나요?
보고되는 동작이 보고 시점보다 과거에 일어났나요?
수동태에서 자주 사용되는 보고 동사
일반적인 의견
- • say
- • believe
- • think
- • understand
공식 보고
- • report
- • announce
- • state
- • allege
기대/지식
- • expect
- • know
- • consider
- • assume
수준별 예문
It is said that he is rich.
Se dice que él es rico.
It is known that she is a teacher.
Se sabe que ella es profesora.
It is thought that it will rain.
Se piensa que lloverá.
It is reported that the shop is closed.
Se informa que la tienda está cerrada.
It is believed that they live in London.
Se cree que viven en Londres.
It is said that the food here is good.
Se dice que la comida aquí es buena.
It is known that water boils at 100 degrees.
Se sabe que el agua hierve a 100 grados.
It is thought that the movie starts at 8.
Se piensa que la película empieza a las 8.
He is said to be a very talented musician.
Se dice que es un músico muy talentoso.
It is reported that the strike will end soon.
Se informa que la huelga terminará pronto.
The company is thought to be losing money.
Se piensa que la empresa está perdiendo dinero.
It was once believed that the sun went around the Earth.
Una vez se creyó que el sol giraba alrededor de la Tierra.
The suspect is alleged to have fled the country.
Se alega que el sospechoso ha huido del país.
It is widely considered that his latest book is his best.
Se considera ampliamente que su último libro es el mejor.
The painting is believed to be a genuine Picasso.
Se cree que la pintura es un Picasso auténtico.
It is expected that interest rates will rise next month.
Se espera que las tasas de interés suban el próximo mes.
The manuscript is purported to be the work of a 15th-century monk.
Se pretende que el manuscrito sea obra de un monje del siglo XV.
It is contended that the current policy is fundamentally flawed.
Se sostiene que la política actual es fundamentalmente defectuosa.
The CEO is understood to be considering his resignation.
Se entiende que el CEO está considerando su renuncia.
It has been suggested that the two events are linked.
Se ha sugerido que los dos eventos están vinculados.
The findings are widely held to have significant implications for the field.
Se considera ampliamente que los hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para el campo.
It is surmised that the civilization collapsed due to prolonged drought.
Se conjetura que la civilización colapsó debido a una sequía prolongada.
The senator is reputed to have been involved in the scandal.
Se dice que el senador estuvo involucrado en el escándalo.
It is gathered from the evidence that the fire was intentional.
Se deduce de la evidencia que el incendio fue intencional.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often use 'They say' in formal writing where 'It is said' is required.
Mixing up 'The book was written' (action) with 'The book is said to be' (opinion).
Using 'It says' to mean 'People say'.
자주 하는 실수
Is said that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
People is said he is rich.
It is said he is rich.
It says that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
He said to be rich.
He is said to be rich.
It is thought he rich.
It is thought that he is rich.
He is thought being rich.
He is thought to be rich.
It believed that...
It is believed that...
He is said to have steal the money.
He is said to have stolen the money.
It is reported the plane to be late.
It is reported that the plane is late.
He is thought to be live in London.
He is thought to live in London.
The CEO is alleged having lied.
The CEO is alleged to have lied.
It is contended the policy being wrong.
It is contended that the policy is wrong.
문장 패턴
It is ___ that ___.
___ is/are thought to ___.
It was once believed that ___.
The suspect is alleged to have ___.
Real World Usage
It is reported that the storm is heading north.
It is generally accepted that the data is accurate.
He's said to be getting a promotion.
The defendant is alleged to have committed the act.
It was believed that the king had died in battle.
The fountain is said to bring good luck.
올바른 'it'을 선택하세요
'to'를 빼먹지 마세요!
다양한 부정사를 활용하세요
객관적으로 들리게 하기
상황을 고려하세요
Smart Tips
Start your sentences with 'It is reported that...' or 'It is alleged that...'.
Use the 'Subject + is said to' pattern. It's more descriptive.
Avoid 'I think'. Use 'It is considered that...' or 'It is argued that...'.
Use 'to have + V3' to show the action happened before the reporting.
발음
Stress on the reporting verb
In the phrase 'It is SAID that', the stress usually falls on the past participle to emphasize the nature of the report.
Linking 'It is'
In natural speech, 'It is' often sounds like 'It's' or 'Idiz' with a soft 'd' sound in American English.
Falling intonation for facts
It is known that the Earth is round. ↘
Conveys certainty and authority.
Rising intonation for rumors
It is said that he's leaving? ↗
Conveys doubt or asks for confirmation.
암기하기
기억법
Remember S.T.A.R.: Said, Thought, Alleged, Reported. These are your 4 main reporting stars!
시각적 연상
Imagine a news anchor sitting behind a desk. They aren't saying 'I think...', they are reading a script that says 'It is reported that...'. The desk is the 'It is' that supports the whole story.
Rhyme
When you don't know who to blame, 'It is said' is the name of the game!
Story
A secret agent needs to share information without revealing his source. He writes a letter starting with 'It is believed that the enemy is near.' By using the passive, he keeps his source safe and sounds like a professional spy.
Word Web
챌린지
Look at a news headline today. Try to rewrite it using 'It is said that...' or 'The [Subject] is reported to...'.
문화 노트
British academic writing relies heavily on the impersonal passive to sound modest and objective, avoiding 'I think' at all costs.
Journalists use 'alleged' to avoid lawsuits (libel). If they say 'He stole it', they can be sued. If they say 'He is alleged to have stolen it', they are safe.
In casual conversation, 'It's said that' is less common than 'Word has it' or 'They say', but 'He's said to be' is common when discussing celebrities.
This structure comes from the Latin 'impersonal passive' where verbs like 'dicitur' (it is said) were used to convey general truths.
대화 시작하기
It is said that travel broadens the mind. Do you agree?
He is thought to be the greatest athlete of all time. Who am I talking about?
It is rumored that a new iPhone is coming out soon. Have you heard anything?
In your country, what is said to be the best dish for a visitor to try?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
It ___ that the new restaurant serves amazing vegan food.
Find and fix the mistake:
The actor is reported having a new role in a Netflix series.
올바른 문장을 고르세요:
영어로 번역하세요: 'Se cree que la compañía lanzará un nuevo producto pronto.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesIt ___ that the Earth was flat.
He is thought ___ in New York.
Find and fix the mistake:
Is said that the movie is very long.
She ___ a genius.
'It is reported the company to be closing.'
Match: 1. Allege, 2. Surmise, 3. Rumor
A: They say he's late. B: He is reported to be late.
It is ___ that...
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe new policy ___ to improve working conditions for remote employees.
It is thought the team leader is resigning.
어떤 문장이 올바른가요?
Se dice que el museo está abierto hasta tarde los jueves.
이 단어들을 문장으로 배열하세요:
문장 절반을 짝지으세요:
The suspect ___ to have fled the country immediately after the incident.
It is saying that this view is incredible! #travelgram
어떤 보기가 문법적으로 정확한가요?
Se rumorea que esta canción será el éxito del verano.
단어들을 재정렬하여 일관된 문장을 만드세요:
동사를 일반적으로 사용되는 상황과 짝지으세요:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
You can! But 'It is said' is more formal and objective. It's better for writing.
No, only verbs of thinking (believe, think), saying (report, claim), or knowing (know, understand).
Meaning is the same. 'It is said that' focuses on the whole idea; 'He is said to' focuses on the person.
Both are correct. 'It's said' is more common in speaking; 'It is said' is better for formal writing.
Yes! 'It is expected that...' is a common way to talk about the future.
No. Use 'It is said that' or 'I was told that'.
Use 'It was said that...' or 'He is said to have been...'.
Yes, it's standard in both British and American English, especially in news.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se dice que...
Spanish doesn't use a dummy subject like 'It'.
On dit que...
French uses an active structure (On dit) for the same purpose.
Es wird gesagt, dass...
German word order in the 'dass' clause is different.
...to iwarete iru
Japanese puts the reporting verb at the end of the sentence.
Yuqal anna...
Arabic doesn't need a separate word for 'It' or 'is'.
据说是 (Jùshuō shì)
Chinese has no passive conjugation for this; it's a lexical choice.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
Related Grammar Rules
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보고 동사: 누가 무엇을 말했는가?
### Overview 여러분, 안녕하세요! 오늘은 영어의 'Reporting Verbs'에 대해 알아볼 거예요. 이 표현들은 다른 사람이 말하거나...
수동태를 사용하는 시점 (뉴스 및 소문 보도)
### 개요 수동태는 영어에서 행위의 주체(agent)가 알려지지 않았거나, 중요하지 않거나, 혹은 의도적으로 생략될 때 사용되는...
수동형 보도 구조 (그는 ~라고 합니다...)
### Overview 영어에서 `He is said to be...`와 같은 수동태 전달 구문(Passive Reporting Structures)은 정보, 의견, 또는 믿...
