Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use reporting verbs in the passive to share information without naming a specific source, creating a formal, objective tone.
- Use 'It + passive verb + that' for general claims: 'It is said that he is rich.'
- Use 'Subject + passive verb + to-infinitive' for specific focus: 'He is said to be rich.'
- Common verbs include: say, think, believe, consider, report, and claim.
Overview
It is said that...（据说……）或者 He is believed to be...（他被认为是……）。这种句式在学术、新闻、法律等正式场合非常常见，能让信息听起来更客观、更普遍，而不是某个具体人的观点。People believe that he is a genius，会显得不够正式，而且信息焦点还在“People”上。而 He is believed to be a genius 则把焦点放在了“他”身上，并且语气更客观，好像这是个普遍的共识。say, think, believe, know, expect, report, allege, consider, understand 等常用动词。学好它，你就能在各种场合自信地表达，让你的英语听起来就像是母语者一样自然和专业。that 从句的句子，转换成被动语态。这样做有两个主要的好处：一是客观性，二是改变焦点。英语提供了两种主要的被动结构来实现这一点，它们各有侧重。It 引导)It 来引导句子，后面跟着 be 动词的相应形式，然后是报道动词的过去分词，最后是完整的 that 从句，从句里包含被报道的信息。It is said 或 It is known。It 在这里只是一个语法上的“占位符”，真正的主语其实是后面的整个 that 从句。Many people say that the economy will improve. （很多人说经济会好转。）It is said that the economy will improve. （据说经济会好转。）be + 过去分词 + to 不定式)that 从句中的主语提到整个被动句的最前面，作为新的主语。然后，后面跟着 be 动词、报道动词的过去分词，最后用一个 to 不定式短语来表达被报道的内容。They expect him to win. （他们期望他赢。）He is expected to win. （他被期望能赢。）He）成为了句子的焦点。虽然还是被动语态，但它保留了对被报道人/事的直接联系，同时依然具备客观性。to 不定式的形式会根据被报道动作相对于 be 动词的时态来变化，这非常重要，直接关系到意思是否准确。be 动词时态一致（都是现在时或都是过去时），或者表示将来的动作，就用 to + 动词原形。He is said to be ill. （据说他生病了。—— be 和 is 都是现在时）She is expected to arrive soon. （她被期望很快到达。—— arrive 是将来的动作）be 动词的过去，就用 to have + 过去分词。He is believed to have stolen the money. （他被认为是偷了钱。—— stole 是过去发生的动作，而 is believed 是现在时，所以用 to have stolen 表示动作先于“被相信”）to be + -ing。She is said to be studying abroad. （据说她在国外学习。—— 表示“正在”学习的状态）to have been + -ing。He is believed to have been working all night. （他被认为是整晚都在工作。—— 表示“一直持续到”某个时间点的状态）It is said that...)It 开头，后面跟动词 be 的相应形式，然后是报道动词的过去分词，最后是一个完整的 that 从句，包含被报道的信息。当信息来源未知、不相关，或者你想表达一个普遍共识时，这个句式特别有用。It + be (be动词的正确形式) + past participle (报道动词的过去分词) + that + clause (that引导的从句)It 句式) |It is said that he works too hard. （据说他工作太努力。） |It was believed that the project was flawed. （人们曾相信这个项目有缺陷。） |It is expected that prices will rise. （预计价格会上涨。） |It has been reported that the storm has passed. （据报道风暴已过。） |It is understood that the universe expands. （人们理解宇宙在膨胀。） |Subject is said to...)that 从句中的主语提到句首，作为新的主语。它由主语、be 动词、报道动词的过去分词，以及一个 to 不定式短语构成。to 不定式的形式至关重要，它取决于原从句动词的时态。Subject (原从句主语) + be (be动词的正确形式) + past participle (报道动词的过去分词) + to + infinitive (原句主要动词的to不定式)to 不定式的不同形式如何根据原句时态变化：to + 动词原形They say he is ill. （他们说他病了。）He is said to be ill. （他被说成是病了。）They expect she will arrive soon. （他们预计她很快会到。）She is expected to arrive soon. （她被期望很快会到。）to have + 过去分词People believe he stole the money. （人们相信他偷了钱。）He is believed to have stolen the money. （他被认为是偷了钱。）They know she completed the task. （他们知道她完成了任务。）She is known to have completed the task. （她被认为是完成了任务。）to be + -ingThey say she is studying abroad. （他们说她在国外学习。）She is said to be studying abroad. （她被说成是在国外学习。）They thought he was waiting outside. （他们以为他正在外面等。）He was thought to be waiting outside. （他被认为是正在外面等。）to have been + -ingWe believe he has been working all night. （我们相信他整晚都在工作。）He is believed to have been working all night. （他被认为是整晚都在工作。）Subject 句式) |He is thought to be honest. （他被认为是诚实的。） |The CEO was reported to have resigned yesterday. （据报道CEO昨天辞职了。） |The building is believed to be unsafe. （这栋楼被认为是危险的。） |She was known to have left early. （她被认为是早走了。） |He is understood to have been practicing for months. （他被认为是练习了好几个月。） |to 不定式形式的系统变化，可以精确地表达原句中动作发生的时间关系，确保了被动句在转换后依然能准确传达原始信息的时间维度。- 正式与客观的报道：这是最常见的用法，尤其是在新闻报道、学术写作和官方声明中。当你需要以一种公正、不带个人偏见的方式呈现事实或结论时，被动语态非常关键。它能给信息增添一种权威感和普遍性。
It is reported that the new policy will take effect next month. （据报道，新政策将于下月生效。） —— 比起 The government reported... （政府报道……），这种说法更侧重政策本身，显得更官方。The findings are believed to contradict previous research. （研究结果被认为与之前的研究相矛盾。） —— 在科学论文中很常见，避免了使用 We believe... （我们认为……）可能带来的主观色彩。- 保持距离与外交辞令：有时，你可能想在不完全认同信息真实性的情况下转述信息，或者在敏感情况下避免直接归因。被动语态能够提供这种模糊性，让你能够传达别人说过或想过的内容，而无需承担其准确性的直接责任。
Mistakes were said to have occurred during the previous administration. （据说前任政府期间发生了一些错误。） —— 这是一种常见的政治措辞，用来承认问题的存在，但不直接指责具体个人。It is understood that your concerns have been noted. （我们理解您的担忧已被注意到。） —— 这是一种礼貌的方式来承认收到了反馈，但又不承诺立即采取行动。- 普遍知识或常识：当某个信息被广泛接受，或者是一个普遍的常识时，没有必要去指明具体的信源。被动语态结构可以表明该信息是普遍知晓或被许多人认为是真实的。
It is known that regular exercise improves mental health. （众所周知，规律运动能改善心理健康。） —— 这是一个普遍接受的事实。She is considered one of the leading experts in her field. （她被认为是该领域顶尖专家之一。） —— 这反映了普遍的看法。- 当动作执行者（Agent）显而易见或不重要时：在很多情况下，谁在报道或陈述信息并不重要，或者从语境中可以明显看出。被动语态通过省略这个不必要的细节，简化了句子，使焦点更集中在信息本身。
The suspect is alleged to have fled the scene. （嫌疑人被指控已逃离现场。） —— 在警方报告中，警察是隐含的报道者，明确说出 Police allege... 就显得多余。It is expected that the train will be delayed. （预计火车将晚点。） —— 火车公司是这个通知的明显来源，无需赘述。that-clause、不定式以及主语位置之间相互作用的理解不足。识别并理解这些常见陷阱是掌握这一语法点的关键。- 混淆两种基本句式（非人称与人称被动）：
It is said that...) 和人称 (Subject is said to...) 被动语态的元素混在一起使用。要记住：It 后面跟的是 that 从句，而具体的主语后面跟的是 to 不定式短语。He is said that he is a talented musician. （错误地将“人称主语 + is said”与 that 从句结合了。）It is said that he is a talented musician. （据说他是一位有才华的音乐家。）He is said to be a talented musician. （他被认为是位有才华的音乐家。）He is said to be...）有相似之处，但英语的人称被动句式后面必须跟不定式，而不是 that 从句。而中文里直接说“有人说他是个……”这种“非人称”的说法，在结构上又和英语的 It is said that... 相似。这两种中文表达习惯的“混合”很容易导致英语上的错误。- 不定式形式使用错误：
to 不定式的形式（to be, to have done, to be doing, to have been doing）必须根据原句中被报道动作与主句动作的时间关系来正确选择。She is known to finish the project last week. （错误地使用了 to finish，而“完成项目”发生在“被知道”之前。）She is known to have finished the project last week. （她被认为是上周完成了项目。）They knew she finished the project last week，那么转换成被动句 She was known to have finished the project last week，就需要用 to have finished 来明确表示“完成”这个动作发生在“被知道”这个动作之前。- 遗漏
that从句或主语：
It is said... 后面可以直接跟主语，或者在人称被动句中遗漏了 to 不定式。It is said him to be the best candidate. （It 引导的句式后面应该跟 that 从句，而不是不定式。）He is said the best candidate. （人称被动句需要 to be 来连接主语和后面的表语/宾语。）to be 的必要性。- 使用主动语态代替被动语态：
People say that the new drug is effective. （在医学期刊上，这不如 It is said that the new drug is effective. 或 The new drug is said to be effective. 客观。）It 引导的被动语态 vs. There is/are 结构It is said that... (非人称被动)：侧重于转述信息，信息是“被说的”。It is said that the new restaurant is very good. （据说那家新餐厅很好。）There is/are... (存在句)：侧重于陈述某事物存在，不涉及信息来源或转述。There is a new restaurant in town. （镇上有一家新餐厅。）There are many rumors about the restaurant. （关于那家餐厅有很多传言。）It is said that... | 信息转述 | It is said that the earth is round. （据说地球是圆的。） |There is/are... | 事物存在 | There is a planet called Earth. （有一颗叫做地球的行星。） |He is believed to be... (人称被动)：主语是被评论的对象，动作是“被相信”。He is believed to be the best candidate. （他被认为是最佳候选人。）To believe him is difficult. (不定式作主语)：主语是动作本身“相信他”。To believe him is difficult. （相信他很难。）Believing him is difficult. (动名词作主语)：主语是动作本身“相信他”。Believing him is difficult. （相信他很难。）He is believed to be... | 被评论的对象 (He) | He is believed to be the best candidate. （他被认为是最佳候选人。） |To believe him is difficult. | 动作本身 (To believe him) | To believe him is difficult. （相信他这件事很难。） |Believing him is difficult. | 动作本身 (Believing him) | Believing him is difficult. （相信他这件事很难。） |get 构成的被动语态He is believed to be... (be + 过去分词)：通常用于正式场合，表示普遍看法、状态或信念，语气客观。He is believed to be the mastermind. （他被认为是主谋。）He got believed to be... (get + 过去分词)：这种用法非常少见，而且通常表示一个突然的、非自愿的或不寻常的状态转变。在“Reporting Verbs”的语境下，几乎不用 get。He got believed to be the mastermind.）get 构成的被动语态更常用于描述具体的、可感知的动作发生，例如 The window got broken. （窗户被弄坏了。） 而不是用于表达观点或信念。It is said that... vs. It is reported that...It is said that...：表示“据说”，信息来源可能比较模糊，可能是传闻、普遍说法。It is said that he won the lottery. （据说他中了彩票。）It is reported that...：表示“据报道”，信息来源通常是新闻媒体、官方机构等，更侧重于正式的、有来源的信息。It is reported that the president made a speech. （据报道，总统发表了讲话。）It is said that...，什么时候用 He is said to be...？It is said that...。例如：It is said that honesty is the best policy. （据说诚实是最好的策略。）He），并且想把这个对象作为句子的主语，就用 He is said to be...。例如：He is said to be the most honest person in the company. （他被认为是公司里最诚实的人。） 简单说：想强调“信息”，用 It；想强调“人/事”，用 Subject。He is believed to... 这样的结构中，to 后面的动词形式（to be, to have done 等）到底怎么选？be 动词的时态。简单记住这个口诀：be 动词是同一时态（比如都是现在时），或者表示将来的动作，就用 to + 动词原形。She is thought to be a good leader. (现在时，被认为是好领导)He is expected to win the race. (将来，被期望赢比赛)be 动词的过去，就用 to have + 过去分词。They are known to have visited Paris last year. (上周访问巴黎是过去的事，而“被知道”是现在时)to be + -ing。He is said to be working on a new project. (正在工作)to have been + -ing。She is believed to have been studying law for years. (多年来一直在学习法律)It is said that... 和 It is rumored that... 有什么区别？It is said that...（据说……）：这是一个比较通用的说法，可以指任何形式的传达，包括普遍的说法、流传的说法，甚至是一些没有明确来源的信息。It is rumored that...（有传言说……）：这个说法更明确地指向“传言”，暗示信息的来源可能不太可靠，或者信息在传播过程中可能失真。它带有更多的猜测和不确定性。It is reported that...；如果信息是普遍看法，用 It is said that...；如果是未经证实的传闻，用 It is rumored that...。The suspect was alleged to have escaped. 这种句子，alleged 是什么意思？Alleged 的意思是“被指控的”、“声称的”。to allege 是“指控”、“声称”。当它用在被动语态中，比如 The suspect is alleged to have escaped.，意思是“据称（或被指控）嫌疑人已逃脱。”said, believed 等词一样，都是“Reporting Verbs”家族的一员，用于在陈述事实的同时，保持一定的客观性或表明信息的来源/性质。Common Reporting Verbs in Passive
| Verb | It + Passive + That | Subject + Passive + To-Infinitive |
|---|---|---|
|
Say
|
It is said that...
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He is said to be...
|
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Think
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It is thought that...
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She is thought to have...
|
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Believe
|
It is believed that...
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They are believed to live...
|
|
Consider
|
It is considered that...
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It is considered to be...
|
|
Report
|
It is reported that...
|
The news is reported to be...
|
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Claim
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It is claimed that...
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He is claimed to have...
|
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Know
|
It is known that...
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She is known to work...
|
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Expect
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It is expected that...
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Prices are expected to rise...
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Contractions in Reporting Passives
| Full Form | Contracted Form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
It is said
|
It's said
|
Common in speech
|
|
It is thought
|
It's thought
|
Common in speech
|
|
He is said
|
He's said
|
Common in speech
|
|
They are believed
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They're believed
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Common in speech
|
Meanings
A grammatical construction used to report what people in general say, think, or believe, often used in news and academic writing to maintain objectivity.
General Hearsay
Reporting rumors or widely held beliefs without a specific source.
“It is said that the house is haunted.”
“He is thought to be the best player in the league.”
Formal/Academic Reporting
Presenting facts or theories in a way that sounds objective and authoritative.
“It is considered that the experiment was a success.”
“The virus is known to spread through air droplets.”
Historical/Past Beliefs
Describing what people used to believe in the past.
“It was once thought that the Earth was flat.”
“The ruins were believed to be of Roman origin.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative (It)
|
It + is + V3 + that + clause
|
It is said that he is a hero.
|
|
Affirmative (Subject)
|
Subject + is + V3 + to + infinitive
|
He is said to be a hero.
|
|
Negative (It)
|
It + is not + V3 + that + clause
|
It is not believed that they are lost.
|
|
Negative (Subject)
|
Subject + is not + V3 + to + infinitive
|
They are not believed to be lost.
|
|
Past (It)
|
It + was + V3 + that + clause
|
It was thought that the war was over.
|
|
Past (Subject)
|
Subject + was + V3 + to + infinitive
|
The war was thought to be over.
|
|
Perfect Infinitive
|
Subject + is + V3 + to have + V3
|
He is said to have stolen the money.
|
|
Continuous Infinitive
|
Subject + is + V3 + to be + V-ing
|
She is thought to be hiding in Paris.
|
正式程度
He is widely held to be an exceptional leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
It is said that he is a great leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
They say he's a great leader. (Describing a politician or boss)
Word is, he's the GOAT. (Describing a politician or boss)
The Reporting Verb Web
Belief
- Believe Believe
- Think Think
- Consider Consider
Speech
- Say Say
- Report Report
- Claim Claim
Knowledge
- Know Know
- Understand Understand
Active vs. Passive Reporting
Choosing Your Structure
Do you want to start with 'It'?
Do you want to focus on the person?
Verbs for Different Situations
News
- • Report
- • Allege
- • Claim
Science
- • Know
- • Observe
- • Prove
Gossip
- • Say
- • Rumor
- • Think
按水平分级的例句
It is said that he is rich.
Se dice que él es rico.
It is known that she is a teacher.
Se sabe que ella es profesora.
It is thought that it will rain.
Se piensa que lloverá.
It is reported that the shop is closed.
Se informa que la tienda está cerrada.
It is believed that they live in London.
Se cree que viven en Londres.
It is said that the food here is good.
Se dice que la comida aquí es buena.
It is known that water boils at 100 degrees.
Se sabe que el agua hierve a 100 grados.
It is thought that the movie starts at 8.
Se piensa que la película empieza a las 8.
He is said to be a very talented musician.
Se dice que es un músico muy talentoso.
It is reported that the strike will end soon.
Se informa que la huelga terminará pronto.
The company is thought to be losing money.
Se piensa que la empresa está perdiendo dinero.
It was once believed that the sun went around the Earth.
Una vez se creyó que el sol giraba alrededor de la Tierra.
The suspect is alleged to have fled the country.
Se alega que el sospechoso ha huido del país.
It is widely considered that his latest book is his best.
Se considera ampliamente que su último libro es el mejor.
The painting is believed to be a genuine Picasso.
Se cree que la pintura es un Picasso auténtico.
It is expected that interest rates will rise next month.
Se espera que las tasas de interés suban el próximo mes.
The manuscript is purported to be the work of a 15th-century monk.
Se pretende que el manuscrito sea obra de un monje del siglo XV.
It is contended that the current policy is fundamentally flawed.
Se sostiene que la política actual es fundamentalmente defectuosa.
The CEO is understood to be considering his resignation.
Se entiende que el CEO está considerando su renuncia.
It has been suggested that the two events are linked.
Se ha sugerido que los dos eventos están vinculados.
The findings are widely held to have significant implications for the field.
Se considera ampliamente que los hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para el campo.
It is surmised that the civilization collapsed due to prolonged drought.
Se conjetura que la civilización colapsó debido a una sequía prolongada.
The senator is reputed to have been involved in the scandal.
Se dice que el senador estuvo involucrado en el escándalo.
It is gathered from the evidence that the fire was intentional.
Se deduce de la evidencia que el incendio fue intencional.
容易混淆
Learners often use 'They say' in formal writing where 'It is said' is required.
Mixing up 'The book was written' (action) with 'The book is said to be' (opinion).
Using 'It says' to mean 'People say'.
常见错误
Is said that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
People is said he is rich.
It is said he is rich.
It says that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
He said to be rich.
He is said to be rich.
It is thought he rich.
It is thought that he is rich.
He is thought being rich.
He is thought to be rich.
It believed that...
It is believed that...
He is said to have steal the money.
He is said to have stolen the money.
It is reported the plane to be late.
It is reported that the plane is late.
He is thought to be live in London.
He is thought to live in London.
The CEO is alleged having lied.
The CEO is alleged to have lied.
It is contended the policy being wrong.
It is contended that the policy is wrong.
句型
It is ___ that ___.
___ is/are thought to ___.
It was once believed that ___.
The suspect is alleged to have ___.
Real World Usage
It is reported that the storm is heading north.
It is generally accepted that the data is accurate.
He's said to be getting a promotion.
The defendant is alleged to have committed the act.
It was believed that the king had died in battle.
The fountain is said to bring good luck.
The 'Distance' Trick
Avoid 'It is told'
Journalist Mode
Reputation
Smart Tips
Start your sentences with 'It is reported that...' or 'It is alleged that...'.
Use the 'Subject + is said to' pattern. It's more descriptive.
Avoid 'I think'. Use 'It is considered that...' or 'It is argued that...'.
Use 'to have + V3' to show the action happened before the reporting.
发音
Stress on the reporting verb
In the phrase 'It is SAID that', the stress usually falls on the past participle to emphasize the nature of the report.
Linking 'It is'
In natural speech, 'It is' often sounds like 'It's' or 'Idiz' with a soft 'd' sound in American English.
Falling intonation for facts
It is known that the Earth is round. ↘
Conveys certainty and authority.
Rising intonation for rumors
It is said that he's leaving? ↗
Conveys doubt or asks for confirmation.
记住它
记忆技巧
Remember S.T.A.R.: Said, Thought, Alleged, Reported. These are your 4 main reporting stars!
视觉联想
Imagine a news anchor sitting behind a desk. They aren't saying 'I think...', they are reading a script that says 'It is reported that...'. The desk is the 'It is' that supports the whole story.
Rhyme
When you don't know who to blame, 'It is said' is the name of the game!
Story
A secret agent needs to share information without revealing his source. He writes a letter starting with 'It is believed that the enemy is near.' By using the passive, he keeps his source safe and sounds like a professional spy.
Word Web
挑战
Look at a news headline today. Try to rewrite it using 'It is said that...' or 'The [Subject] is reported to...'.
文化笔记
British academic writing relies heavily on the impersonal passive to sound modest and objective, avoiding 'I think' at all costs.
Journalists use 'alleged' to avoid lawsuits (libel). If they say 'He stole it', they can be sued. If they say 'He is alleged to have stolen it', they are safe.
In casual conversation, 'It's said that' is less common than 'Word has it' or 'They say', but 'He's said to be' is common when discussing celebrities.
This structure comes from the Latin 'impersonal passive' where verbs like 'dicitur' (it is said) were used to convey general truths.
对话开场白
It is said that travel broadens the mind. Do you agree?
He is thought to be the greatest athlete of all time. Who am I talking about?
It is rumored that a new iPhone is coming out soon. Have you heard anything?
In your country, what is said to be the best dish for a visitor to try?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
It ___ that the Earth was flat.
He is thought ___ in New York.
Find and fix the mistake:
Is said that the movie is very long.
She ___ a genius.
'It is reported the company to be closing.'
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: They say he's late. B: He is reported to be late.
It is ___ that...
Score: /8
练习题
8 exercisesIt ___ that the Earth was flat.
He is thought ___ in New York.
Find and fix the mistake:
Is said that the movie is very long.
She ___ a genius.
'It is reported the company to be closing.'
Match: 1. Allege, 2. Surmise, 3. Rumor
A: They say he's late. B: He is reported to be late.
It is ___ that...
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe new policy ___ to improve working conditions for remote employees.
It is thought the team leader is resigning.
Which sentence is correct?
Se dice que el museo está abierto hasta tarde los jueves.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentence halves:
The suspect ___ to have fled the country immediately after the incident.
It is saying that this view is incredible! #travelgram
Which option is grammatically sound?
Se rumorea que esta canción será el éxito del verano.
Reorder the words to form a coherent sentence:
Match the verb to its common usage context:
Score: /12
常见问题 (8)
You can! But 'It is said' is more formal and objective. It's better for writing.
No, only verbs of thinking (believe, think), saying (report, claim), or knowing (know, understand).
Meaning is the same. 'It is said that' focuses on the whole idea; 'He is said to' focuses on the person.
Both are correct. 'It's said' is more common in speaking; 'It is said' is better for formal writing.
Yes! 'It is expected that...' is a common way to talk about the future.
No. Use 'It is said that' or 'I was told that'.
Use 'It was said that...' or 'He is said to have been...'.
Yes, it's standard in both British and American English, especially in news.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se dice que...
Spanish doesn't use a dummy subject like 'It'.
On dit que...
French uses an active structure (On dit) for the same purpose.
Es wird gesagt, dass...
German word order in the 'dass' clause is different.
...to iwarete iru
Japanese puts the reporting verb at the end of the sentence.
Yuqal anna...
Arabic doesn't need a separate word for 'It' or 'is'.
据说是 (Jùshuō shì)
Chinese has no passive conjugation for this; it's a lexical choice.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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Passive Reporting Verbs in English | IT IS SAID THAT, IT IS THOUGHT THAT
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