Verbos de Reporte: Quem Disse o Quê?
profundidade e nuance ao que você conta, deixando suas histórias vivas e precisas.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use passive reporting to talk about general beliefs or news without naming a specific person as the source.
- Use 'It + is + said + that' for general statements like 'It is said that he is rich.'
- Use 'Subject + is + thought + to' for specific focus like 'He is thought to be rich.'
- Common verbs include: say, think, believe, consider, report, know, and expect.
Overview
reporting verbs. No nosso dia a dia, no Brasil, a gente usa muito o verbo falar ou dizer para tudo: Ele disse que ia chegar atrasado,
Ela falou que não podia ir.
say e tell na maioria das situações, usar verbos mais específicos torna sua comunicação muito mais rica e precisa. Imagine que você está no trabalho e precisa relatar o feedback de um cliente. Em vez de apenas dizer He said that the project was late, você pode usar He complained that the project was late ou He admitted that the project was late.que. O inglês segue uma lógica parecida com o that-clause, mas a estrutura se ramifica muito mais. O uso correto desses verbos evita que você soe repetitivo.reporting verbs funcionam como a ponte entre o direct speech (discurso direto) e o indirect speech (discurso indireto). Em português, a gente usa muito o discurso direto com aspas ou dois-pontos: "Ele disse: 'Estou cansado'". No inglês, o discurso indireto é muito mais comum.reporting verb carrega uma gramática própriana sua cauda. Enquanto no português a gente quase sempre usa
que + verbo, em inglês, a escolha do verbo vai ditar se você precisa de um to-infinitive, um gerund ou uma that-clause.suggest, você não pode dizer He suggested me to go. Isso é um erro clássico! O correto seria He suggested going ou He suggested that we go.aspirar a, visar a), mas em inglês, a regência dos reporting verbs é puramente estrutural e sintática. Além disso, temos o fenômeno do backshift (recuo do tempo verbal).I am happy, você relata He said he was happy. É quase igual ao nosso pretérito imperfeito que usamos para ajustar a concordância temporal em orações subordinadas.backshift é uma regra obrigatória para manter a coerência temporal do relato.He admitted (that) he was wrong. | Admitir algo |She asked me to help her. | Pedir para alguém fazer algo |They promised to arrive early. | Prometer fazer algo |He suggested going to the beach. | Sugerir uma ação |She apologized for being late. | Pedir desculpas por algo |He said the report was wrong, você pode usar He pointed out that the report was wrong.He claimed that he didn't drink much ou She denied eating the last slice of pizza.He said to go, você diz He ordered me to go. Se alguém te deu um conselho, você diz She advised me to study more.falar para tudo, mas em inglês, ser específico com o verbo de relato evita ambiguidades e faz você parecer muito mais fluente e articulado.- 1O erro do
tocomsuggest: Muitos brasileiros dizemHe suggested me to go. Isso acontece porque, em português, a gente dizEle me sugeriu ir
. O cérebro faz a tradução literal. Em inglês, o verbosuggestnão aceita objeto direto de pessoa antes doto-infinitive. O correto éHe suggested that I goouHe suggested going.
- 1O erro do
sayvstell: É comum ouvirHe said me that.... Em português,ele me disseé perfeito. Massaynão aceita objeto de pessoa diretamente. Ou você usaHe told me that...ouHe said that.... A interferência da nossa língua materna (L1) faz a gente querer colocar o pronome objeto logo após o verbo de fala, mas osayexige a preposiçãotose você quiser mencionar a pessoa (He said to me that...), embora seja menos comum.
- 1Falsos cognatos e preposições: Muitos alunos tentam traduzir
pretendercomopretend.Pretendem inglês significafingir. Se você quer dizer que alguém pretende algo, useintend. Esse tipo de confusão acontece porque o som é parecido, mas o sentido é oposto, o que pode causar situações bem engraçadas (ou embaraçosas) no trabalho.
Reported Speech | Foca no conteúdo da fala. | Similar ao discurso indireto em PT-BR. |Passive Reporting | It is said that... (Impersonal). | Similar ao Diz-se que... ou Fala-se que.... |Direct Speech | Uso de aspas. | Idêntico ao uso em português. |that depois do verbo?that é opcional na maioria dos casos. Você pode dizer He said he was tired ou He said that he was tired. O primeiro é mais comum no dia a dia (WhatsApp, conversas informais), enquanto o segundo é um pouco mais formal.gerund (-ing) em vez do to-infinitive?suggest, admit e deny pedem o gerúndio. Verbos como promise, agree e refuse pedem o to-infinitive. É uma questão de memorização da regência de cada verbo.backshift é obrigatório?backshift. Exemplo: He said he is coming (ele ainda está vindo). Mas, em contextos formais e acadêmicos, o backshift (He said he was coming) é a forma padrão e mais segura de evitar erros.Common Reporting Verbs in the Passive
| Verb | It-Structure (Present) | Subject-Structure (Present) | Past Meaning (Subject-Structure) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Say
|
It is said that...
|
He is said to be...
|
He is said to have been...
|
|
Think
|
It is thought that...
|
He is thought to be...
|
He is thought to have been...
|
|
Believe
|
It is believed that...
|
He is believed to be...
|
He is believed to have been...
|
|
Know
|
It is known that...
|
He is known to be...
|
He is known to have been...
|
|
Report
|
It is reported that...
|
He is reported to be...
|
He is reported to have been...
|
|
Expect
|
It is expected that...
|
He is expected to be...
|
He is expected to have been...
|
Meanings
A formal way to report what people generally say, think, or believe without identifying the specific speakers.
General Belief
Reporting a widely held opinion or fact using 'It is said that...'
“It is thought that the earth was once much hotter.”
“It is known that smoking causes cancer.”
Specific Subject Focus
Starting the sentence with the person or thing being talked about.
“She is said to be the best doctor in town.”
“The thief is believed to have escaped through the window.”
Rumors and Allegations
Reporting something that hasn't been proven yet, often in legal or journalistic contexts.
“He is alleged to have stolen the car.”
“The suspect is reported to be hiding in the forest.”
Reference Table
| Verbo de Relato | Padrão | Exemplo (Ativa) | Exemplo (Passiva) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Admitir
|
that-clause / V-ing
|
She admitted that she made a mistake.
|
It was admitted that a mistake was made.
|
|
Aconselhar
|
object + to-infinitive
|
He advised me to save money.
|
I was advised to save money.
|
|
Anunciar
|
that-clause
|
They announced that tickets were sold out.
|
It was announced that tickets were sold out.
|
|
Pedir desculpas
|
for + V-ing
|
He apologized for being late.
|
An apology was made for the delay.
|
|
Afirmar
|
that-clause
|
She claimed that she saw a ghost.
|
It is claimed that ghosts exist.
|
|
Negar
|
V-ing
|
He denied stealing the car.
|
The theft was denied by him.
|
|
Insistir
|
on + V-ing / that-clause
|
She insisted on paying.
|
It was insisted that she pay.
|
|
Ordenar
|
object + to-infinitive / that-clause
|
The teacher ordered us to sit down.
|
We were ordered to sit down.
|
|
Prometer
|
to-infinitive / that-clause
|
They promised to help us.
|
It was promised that they would help.
|
|
Sugerir
|
V-ing / that-clause
|
I suggested going for a walk.
|
It was suggested that we go for a walk.
|
Espectro de formalidade
He is considered to be a genius. (Academic or social evaluation)
It is thought that he is a genius. (Academic or social evaluation)
Everyone thinks he's a genius. (Academic or social evaluation)
People say he's got a massive brain. (Academic or social evaluation)
Verbos de Relato: Destravando a Nuance
Propósito
- Atitude Mostrar emoção/intenção
- Resumir Condensar o discurso original
- Evitar Repetição Variar o vocabulário
Padrões Comuns
- That-clause Verbo + (that) + S + V
- To-infinitive Verbo + (Objeto) + to + V
- Gerúndio Verbo + V-ing
Formas Passivas
- It is said that Crença/relato geral
- He is believed to Sujeito + verbo passivo + to-V
Verbos Exemplo
- Suggest Recomendação
- Admit Confissão
- Demand Pedido forte
- Warn Cuidado
Verbos de Relato: Estruturas em Destaque
Escolhendo o Verbo de Relato e a Estrutura Corretos
Você precisa reportar o que alguém disse?
Você quer transmitir atitude, emoção ou intenção?
A fala original é uma afirmação, pedido ou pergunta?
Seu verbo escolhido exige 'that', 'to-infinitive' ou 'gerund'?
O evento original ocorreu no passado?
A fonte é desconhecida ou geral (contexto formal)?
Verbos de Relato em Contextos Modernos
Mensagens/DMs
- • Said (that)
- • Asked if
- • Replied that
- • Admitted
- • Complained
Reuniões/Aulas Online
- • Announced that
- • Explained that
- • Reminded us to
- • Suggested reviewing
- • Ordered them to
Redes Sociais (Legendas)
- • Claimed that
- • Boasted about
- • Wondered if
- • Shared that
- • Posted that
Jogos/Chat de Voz
- • Shouted that
- • Warned us to
- • Suggested waiting
- • Agreed to
- • Ordered to attack
Exemplos por nível
People say he is a good teacher.
People say he is a good teacher.
They think the movie is funny.
They think the movie is funny.
Everyone knows her name.
Everyone knows her name.
I believe you are right.
I believe you are right.
It is said that the food here is great.
It is said that the food here is great.
It is known that he is very rich.
It is known that he is very rich.
People believe the story is true.
People believe the story is true.
It is thought that the cat is lost.
It is thought that the cat is lost.
It is believed that the strike will end soon.
It is believed that the strike will end soon.
The painting is thought to be a fake.
The painting is thought to be a fake.
He is said to live in a huge mansion.
He is said to live in a huge mansion.
It is expected that the team will win.
It is expected that the team will win.
The CEO is reported to have resigned yesterday.
The CEO is reported to have resigned yesterday.
It is widely considered that his work is revolutionary.
It is widely considered that his work is revolutionary.
The suspect is alleged to have stolen the jewels.
The suspect is alleged to have stolen the jewels.
The virus is known to spread through the air.
The virus is known to spread through the air.
The manuscript is reputed to have been written by Dickens.
The manuscript is reputed to have been written by Dickens.
It is understood that negotiations are at a delicate stage.
It is understood that negotiations are at a delicate stage.
He is thought to have been working for the government for years.
He is thought to have been working for the government for years.
The company is estimated to be worth over ten billion dollars.
The company is estimated to be worth over ten billion dollars.
The artifact is purportedly to have originated from the Ming Dynasty.
The artifact is purportedly to have originated from the Ming Dynasty.
It is contended by some scholars that the text is a later addition.
It is contended by some scholars that the text is a later addition.
The defendant is claimed to have been being coerced at the time of the crime.
The defendant is claimed to have been being coerced at the time of the crime.
The policy is widely acknowledged to have been a failure.
The policy is widely acknowledged to have been a failure.
Fácil de confundir
Learners think every passive sentence needs 'by someone'.
Mixing 'He said that...' with 'He is said to...'.
Using 'that' after a person-subject.
Erros comuns
People says he is good.
People say he is good.
Is said that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
He is said that he lives in London.
He is said to live in London.
It is believed to be true.
It is believed that it is true.
He is thought to be a thief last year.
He is thought to have been a thief last year.
He is alleged to steal the money yesterday.
He is alleged to have stolen the money yesterday.
Padrões de frases
It is ___ that ___.
The ___ is thought to be ___.
He is said to have ___.
It is widely ___ that ___.
Real World Usage
The suspect is believed to be heading south.
It is generally accepted that the data is accurate.
It is rumored that the boss is quitting.
I am known to be a very hard worker.
This temple is thought to have been built in 500 BC.
The defendant is alleged to have committed fraud.
Atenção à Nuance
He grumbled that he was tired.
Não Misture os Padrões!
I suggested going for a walk.
Pense na 'Intenção'
She insisted on paying.
O Contexto é Tudo
The CEO stated that the company was growing.
Smart Tips
Replace 'I think' with 'It is often argued that' or 'It is generally believed that'.
Always look for the 'to'. If there is no 'to', the sentence is likely wrong.
Use 'It is rumored that...'. It completely removes you from the gossip.
Remember: 'to have' is your time machine. Use it to go back in time.
Pronúncia
Weak 'to'
In the structure 'is said to be', the word 'to' is usually reduced to a schwa /tə/.
Linking 'is'
The 'is' often links to the following past participle.
Reporting Stress
It is SAID that he is RICH.
Stress the reporting verb and the key information at the end.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Remember 'IT THAT' or 'SUBJECT TO'. It's either 'It... that' or 'Subject... to'.
Associação visual
Imagine a news anchor behind a desk. They don't say 'My friend told me'; they say 'It is reported that...'. The desk is the 'It is' structure—it's formal and hides the person.
Rhyme
When 'It' is the start, 'that' plays the part. When the Subject is first, 'to' quenches the thirst.
Story
A detective is investigating a crime. He doesn't know who the witness is, so he writes in his notebook: 'The suspect is thought to have fled.' He uses this to sound professional and avoid blaming a specific person for the rumor.
Word Web
Desafio
Look at a news headline today. Try to rewrite it using 'It is said that...' or 'The [Subject] is said to...'.
Notas culturais
British news (like the BBC) uses these structures very frequently to maintain a 'neutral' and 'unbiased' tone.
In Western universities, using 'I think' in an essay is often discouraged. Students are taught to use 'It is argued that...' or 'It is generally accepted that...'.
Lawyers use 'alleged' to avoid lawsuits. If you say 'He is a thief' and it's not proven, you can be sued. If you say 'He is alleged to be a thief', you are safe.
This structure evolved from Old English 'man' (similar to German 'man'), which was an indefinite pronoun meaning 'one' or 'people'.
Iniciadores de conversa
It is said that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Do you agree?
Your favorite celebrity is rumored to be moving to your city. What do you do?
It is expected that AI will change every job. How will it change yours?
Which historical figure is considered to be the most influential?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
She ___ on arriving early to get good seats for the concert.
insist é frequentemente seguido por on + gerúndio, ou uma that-clause. Neste contexto, insisted se encaixa melhor com a ideia de ser firme sobre algo.Find and fix the mistake:
My coach advised me to don't give up on my dream.
to, a negação not vem antes de to.Choose the correct sentence:
Suggest é tipicamente seguido por um gerúndio (-ing). Embora 'He suggested that I join the club' também esteja correto, 'suggested me to join' é um erro comum.Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Promise é um verbo de relato frequentemente seguido por um infinitivo com to.Score: /4
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesIt ___ that the company is losing money.
He is said ___ live in a castle.
Find and fix the mistake:
She is thought that she is the best singer.
People say that he is a genius.
We use 'to have + past participle' to talk about the past in reporting structures.
A: Is the new movie good? B: Well, it ___ to be the best of the year.
Pick the odd one out.
1. People think he is rich. 2. People say he was rich.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe news report ___ that the new stadium would be completed by next year.
She apologized for miss her flight.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella me recordó que enviara el correo electrónico.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with their patterns:
It ___ that the ancient city was built by an unknown civilization.
My friend said me to buy more milk.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Sugirió pedir comida para llevar.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with the prepositions:
Score: /12
Perguntas frequentes (8)
No, 'It is said' implies a general consensus or rumor. For your own opinion, use `I think` or `In my opinion`.
Yes, much more formal. It is preferred in writing and professional contexts.
No, only 'reporting' or 'mental' verbs like `say, think, believe, know, expect, report, consider, allege`.
The first is about the present ('He is rich now'). The second is about the past ('He was rich before').
In English, every sentence needs a subject. 'It' acts as a 'dummy subject' to fill the space when we don't want to name a person.
Yes, it is common in both British and American English, especially in news and formal writing.
Yes, but it's more common to say `It is said that it is true` or `The story is said to be true`.
Mostly, yes. It means something is claimed but not yet proven in a court of law.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se dice que...
Spanish lacks the 'He is said to be' structure.
On dit que...
French uses an active pronoun 'on' instead of a passive verb.
Man sagt, dass...
German uses the modal verb 'sollen' for reporting.
...to iwarete iru
Japanese word order is reversed, with the reporting verb at the end.
Yuqal 'anna...
Arabic usually keeps the 'that' (anna) structure.
Jùshuō (据说)
Chinese doesn't use verb conjugation or a 'to-infinitive' structure.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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Passive Reporting Verbs in English | IT IS SAID THAT, IT IS THOUGHT THAT
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