Pretérito Perfeito em Persa: Verbos Regulares (-am, -i, -)
terminações pessoais.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To form the past tense in Persian, take the infinitive, remove the '-an' ending, and add the specific past tense suffixes.
- Remove '-an' from the infinitive to get the past stem: 'raftan' (to go) -> 'raft'.
- Add the person suffix: '-am' for I, '-i' for you, and nothing for he/she.
- For negatives, add 'na-' to the front of the verb: 'naraftam' (I did not go).
Overview
Formation Pattern
When To Use It
Common Mistakes
u)...Contrast With Similar Patterns
Quick FAQ
Tenho sempre de usar os pronomes de sujeito...?
Conjugation of 'Raftan' (To Go)
| Person | Suffix | Verb Form |
|---|---|---|
|
1st Sing
|
-am
|
Raftam
|
|
2nd Sing
|
-i
|
Rafti
|
|
3rd Sing
|
-
|
Raft
|
|
1st Plur
|
-im
|
Raftim
|
|
2nd Plur
|
-id
|
Raftid
|
|
3rd Plur
|
-and
|
Raftand
|
Meanings
The simple past tense describes completed actions in the past. It is the most common way to narrate events that happened at a specific time.
Completed Action
An action that finished in the past.
“او کتاب را خواند (He read the book)”
“ما غذا خوردیم (We ate food)”
Reference Table
| Sujeito | Terminação | Exemplo (raftan - ir) | Tradução |
|---|---|---|---|
|
man (Eu)
|
-am
|
raftam (رفتم)
|
Eu fui
|
|
to (Você sing.)
|
-i
|
rafti (رفتی)
|
Você foi
|
|
u (Ele/Ela)
|
-(nada)
|
raft (رفت)
|
Ele/Ela foi
|
|
mâ (Nós)
|
-im
|
raftim (رفتیم)
|
Nós fomos
|
|
šomâ (Vocês/Formal)
|
-id
|
raftid (رفتید)
|
Vocês foram
|
|
unâ (Eles/Elas)
|
-and
|
raftand (رفتند)
|
Eles foram
|
Espectro de formalidade
من به فروشگاه رفتم. (Daily life)
من به مغازه رفتم. (Daily life)
مغازه رفتم. (Daily life)
رفتم مغازه. (Daily life)
Componentes do Passado Simples em Persa
A Raiz
- Radical do Passado Infinitivo menos -an
As Terminações
- -am, -i, -, -im, -id, -and Sufixos pessoais
O Significado
- Ação Concluída Aconteceu e acabou
Infinitivo vs. Radical do Passado
Como Conjugar um Verbo no Passado
O infinitivo é regular?
O sujeito é 'u' (ele/ela)?
O sujeito é outra pessoa?
Verbos Regulares Comuns
Vida Diária
- • xordan (comer)
- • did-an (ver)
- • neveštan (escrever)
Movimento
- • raftan (ir)
- • âmadan (vir)
- • davidan (correr)
Comunicação
- • goftan (dizer)
- • xvândan (ler)
- • ferestâdan (enviar)
Exemplos por nível
من غذا خوردم
I ate food
او به خانه رفت
He went home
ما فیلم دیدیم
We watched a movie
تو کتاب خواندی
You read a book
من دیروز کار نکردم
I did not work yesterday
آیا تو نامه را نوشتی؟
Did you write the letter?
آنها دیر آمدند
They came late
او چای نوشید
He drank tea
وقتی رسیدم، او رفته بود
When I arrived, he had left
او تصمیم گرفت که برود
He decided to go
ما در مورد پروژه صحبت کردیم
We talked about the project
او به من کمک کرد
He helped me
او با دقت گزارش را بررسی کرد
He carefully reviewed the report
آنها توافق کردند که قرارداد را امضا کنند
They agreed to sign the contract
من هرگز چنین چیزی ندیدم
I never saw such a thing
او در جلسه شرکت نکرد
He did not participate in the meeting
او با مهارت مسئله را حل کرد
He skillfully solved the problem
این واقعه تاریخ را تغییر داد
This event changed history
او به طور غیرمنتظرهای استعفا داد
He resigned unexpectedly
آنها به توافق نهایی رسیدند
They reached a final agreement
او با بیانی فصیح سخنرانی کرد
He spoke with eloquent expression
این نظریه پارادایم علمی را دگرگون ساخت
This theory transformed the scientific paradigm
او با ظرافت از پاسخ دادن طفره رفت
He subtly evaded answering
آنها با هم پیمان بستند
They made a pact together
Fácil de confundir
Both use past stems.
Both are past.
Suffixes look similar.
Erros comuns
Raftanam
Raftam
Raft-am-am
Raftam
Rafti-am
Raftam
Raft-e-am
Raftam
Naraft-an
Naraftand
Raft-id-am
Raftid
Raft-i-im
Raftim
Raft-e
Raft
Raft-and-i
Raftand
Raft-im-i
Raftim
Raft-ast
Raft
Raft-and-ast
Raftand
Raft-id-ast
Raftid
Padrões de frases
من ___ کردم.
تو به ___ رفتی.
او ___ را خواند.
ما در ___ شرکت کردیم.
Real World Usage
کجا رفتی؟
من در شرکت قبلی کار کردم.
امروز خیلی خوش گذشت!
من بلیط را خریدم.
من غذا را سفارش دادم.
این تحقیق نشان داد که...
Pode pular o pronome!
raftam. A terminação '-am' já grita que é você quem está falando!Cuidado com a 3ª pessoa
u did está perfeito. Não invente moda!Educação em primeiro lugar
šomâ raftid.Smart Tips
Learn the past stem with the infinitive.
Check the suffix table.
Focus on the stem stress.
Identify the stem first.
Pronúncia
Stress
Stress usually falls on the last syllable of the stem.
Question
Rafti? ↑
Rising intonation for yes/no questions.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Remember 'Past is a Blast': take the stem and add the suffix fast!
Associação visual
Imagine a train (the verb) losing its caboose (-an) and picking up a new passenger (the suffix).
Rhyme
Take the end off, add the bit, now your past tense is a hit!
Story
Ali wanted to go to the park. He took 'raftan', cut off the 'an', and added 'am'. Now he says 'Raftam' (I went) and he is happy.
Word Web
Desafio
Write 5 sentences about what you did yesterday in 5 minutes.
Notas culturais
In spoken Tehrani, the final 'd' in 3rd person plural is often dropped.
Always use the full suffix in formal writing.
Often uses archaic stems.
Derived from Old Persian past participles.
Iniciadores de conversa
دیروز چه کار کردی؟
آخر هفته کجا رفتی؟
اولین باری که به ایران آمدی کی بود؟
چرا آن تصمیم را گرفتی؟
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
من دیروز به پارک ___.
Escolha a frase correta em persa:
Find and fix the mistake:
ما ناهار خوردید (mâ nâhâr xordid).
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesمن به مدرسه ___ (رفتن)
Find and fix the mistake:
او رفتم.
ما غذا ___ (خوردن)
رفتم / من / بازار / به
They wrote.
Raftam -> ?
تو ___ (دیدن)
Use 'Amadan' for 'We'.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesآنها عکس را ___.
Você escreveu uma mensagem.
کتاب / من / خریدم / را
Combine os pares:
او گوشی خریدند (u guši xaridand).
Escolha a forma correta de 'šenidan' (ouvir):
شما ___.
Eu não vi.
خوردی؟ / پیتزا / تو
Combine os pares:
Score: /10
Perguntas frequentes (8)
No, it is very regular.
Add 'na-'.
There are very few.
Yes, it is standard.
It is the base stem.
Mostly, yes.
It is more consistent.
Practice stems daily.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Pretérito Indefinido
Persian is more regular.
Passé Composé
Persian is synthetic.
Präteritum
Persian is more consistent.
Ta-form
Persian uses suffixes.
Past tense
Persian has fewer gender distinctions.
Le particle
Persian uses conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
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