A1 Verb System 9 min read Fácil

Pretérito Perfeito em Persa: Verbos Regulares (-am, -i, -)

Para falar no passado, pegue o radical (infinitivo sem -an) e adicione as terminações pessoais.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To form the past tense in Persian, take the infinitive, remove the '-an' ending, and add the specific past tense suffixes.

  • Remove '-an' from the infinitive to get the past stem: 'raftan' (to go) -> 'raft'.
  • Add the person suffix: '-am' for I, '-i' for you, and nothing for he/she.
  • For negatives, add 'na-' to the front of the verb: 'naraftam' (I did not go).
Infinitive - 'an' + Suffix = Past Tense Verb

Overview

Já sentiu que o seu cérebro estava a derreter ao tentar aprender os tempos verbais numa nova língua? Respire fundo. Em persa, o pretérito perfeito simples é, na verdade, o seu melhor amigo...

Formation Pattern

1
Criar uma frase no passado é um processo simples de três passos...

When To Use It

Utiliza o pretérito perfeito simples para ações que aconteceram num momento específico no passado e que já terminaram...

Common Mistakes

A maior armadilha é tentar adicionar uma terminação à terceira pessoa do singular (u)...

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Os alunos confundem frequentemente o passado simples com o pretérito perfeito composto...

Quick FAQ

Q

Tenho sempre de usar os pronomes de sujeito...?

Conjugation of 'Raftan' (To Go)

Person Suffix Verb Form
1st Sing
-am
Raftam
2nd Sing
-i
Rafti
3rd Sing
-
Raft
1st Plur
-im
Raftim
2nd Plur
-id
Raftid
3rd Plur
-and
Raftand

Meanings

The simple past tense describes completed actions in the past. It is the most common way to narrate events that happened at a specific time.

1

Completed Action

An action that finished in the past.

“او کتاب را خواند (He read the book)”

“ما غذا خوردیم (We ate food)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Pretérito Perfeito em Persa: Verbos Regulares (-am, -i, -)
Sujeito Terminação Exemplo (raftan - ir) Tradução
man (Eu)
-am
raftam (رفتم)
Eu fui
to (Você sing.)
-i
rafti (رفتی)
Você foi
u (Ele/Ela)
-(nada)
raft (رفت)
Ele/Ela foi
mâ (Nós)
-im
raftim (رفتیم)
Nós fomos
šomâ (Vocês/Formal)
-id
raftid (رفتید)
Vocês foram
unâ (Eles/Elas)
-and
raftand (رفتند)
Eles foram

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
من به فروشگاه رفتم.

من به فروشگاه رفتم. (Daily life)

Neutro
من به مغازه رفتم.

من به مغازه رفتم. (Daily life)

Informal
مغازه رفتم.

مغازه رفتم. (Daily life)

Gíria
رفتم مغازه.

رفتم مغازه. (Daily life)

Componentes do Passado Simples em Persa

Verbo no Passado

A Raiz

  • Radical do Passado Infinitivo menos -an

As Terminações

  • -am, -i, -, -im, -id, -and Sufixos pessoais

O Significado

  • Ação Concluída Aconteceu e acabou

Infinitivo vs. Radical do Passado

Infinitivo (Fazer...)
xordan (خوردن) comer
raftan (رفتن) ir
Radical (Fez...)
xord (خورد) comeu
raft (رفت) foi

Como Conjugar um Verbo no Passado

1

O infinitivo é regular?

YES
Tire o -an para ter o radical
NO
Tire o -an (ainda é regular no passado!)
2

O sujeito é 'u' (ele/ela)?

YES
Mantenha o radical como está!
NO ↓
3

O sujeito é outra pessoa?

YES
Adicione a terminação correta (-am, -i, etc.)
NO ↓

Verbos Regulares Comuns

🏠

Vida Diária

  • xordan (comer)
  • did-an (ver)
  • neveštan (escrever)
🏃

Movimento

  • raftan (ir)
  • âmadan (vir)
  • davidan (correr)
📱

Comunicação

  • goftan (dizer)
  • xvândan (ler)
  • ferestâdan (enviar)

Exemplos por nível

1

من غذا خوردم

I ate food

2

او به خانه رفت

He went home

3

ما فیلم دیدیم

We watched a movie

4

تو کتاب خواندی

You read a book

1

من دیروز کار نکردم

I did not work yesterday

2

آیا تو نامه را نوشتی؟

Did you write the letter?

3

آنها دیر آمدند

They came late

4

او چای نوشید

He drank tea

1

وقتی رسیدم، او رفته بود

When I arrived, he had left

2

او تصمیم گرفت که برود

He decided to go

3

ما در مورد پروژه صحبت کردیم

We talked about the project

4

او به من کمک کرد

He helped me

1

او با دقت گزارش را بررسی کرد

He carefully reviewed the report

2

آنها توافق کردند که قرارداد را امضا کنند

They agreed to sign the contract

3

من هرگز چنین چیزی ندیدم

I never saw such a thing

4

او در جلسه شرکت نکرد

He did not participate in the meeting

1

او با مهارت مسئله را حل کرد

He skillfully solved the problem

2

این واقعه تاریخ را تغییر داد

This event changed history

3

او به طور غیرمنتظره‌ای استعفا داد

He resigned unexpectedly

4

آنها به توافق نهایی رسیدند

They reached a final agreement

1

او با بیانی فصیح سخنرانی کرد

He spoke with eloquent expression

2

این نظریه پارادایم علمی را دگرگون ساخت

This theory transformed the scientific paradigm

3

او با ظرافت از پاسخ دادن طفره رفت

He subtly evaded answering

4

آنها با هم پیمان بستند

They made a pact together

Fácil de confundir

Persian Simple Past: Regular Verbs (-am, -i, -) vs Present Perfect

Both use past stems.

Persian Simple Past: Regular Verbs (-am, -i, -) vs Imperfect

Both are past.

Persian Simple Past: Regular Verbs (-am, -i, -) vs Present Tense

Suffixes look similar.

Erros comuns

Raftanam

Raftam

Don't keep the -an.

Raft-am-am

Raftam

Double suffix.

Rafti-am

Raftam

Wrong person.

Raft-e-am

Raftam

Confusing with perfect.

Naraft-an

Naraftand

Wrong suffix.

Raft-id-am

Raftid

Wrong suffix.

Raft-i-im

Raftim

Wrong suffix.

Raft-e

Raft

Adding unnecessary -e.

Raft-and-i

Raftand

Wrong suffix.

Raft-im-i

Raftim

Wrong suffix.

Raft-ast

Raft

Adding 'is'.

Raft-and-ast

Raftand

Wrong suffix.

Raft-id-ast

Raftid

Wrong suffix.

Padrões de frases

من ___ کردم.

تو به ___ رفتی.

او ___ را خواند.

ما در ___ شرکت کردیم.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

کجا رفتی؟

Job Interview very common

من در شرکت قبلی کار کردم.

Social Media common

امروز خیلی خوش گذشت!

Travel common

من بلیط را خریدم.

Food Delivery occasional

من غذا را سفارش دادم.

Academic Writing common

این تحقیق نشان داد که...

🎯

Pode pular o pronome!

Na conversa do dia a dia, você não precisa dizer 'Man raftam'. Só diga raftam. A terminação '-am' já grita que é você quem está falando!
⚠️

Cuidado com a 3ª pessoa

Nunca coloque terminação no 'Ele' ou 'Ela'. Se o radical é 'did', então u did está perfeito. Não invente moda!
💬

Educação em primeiro lugar

Ao falar com alguém mais velho ou no trabalho, use sempre 'šomâ' e a terminação '-id', como em šomâ raftid.

Smart Tips

Learn the past stem with the infinitive.

Learning 'raftan'. Learning 'raftan' (raft).

Check the suffix table.

Guessing the suffix. Using the table.

Focus on the stem stress.

Flat intonation. Stress on the stem.

Identify the stem first.

Getting lost in words. Spotting the stem.

Pronúncia

raf-TAM

Stress

Stress usually falls on the last syllable of the stem.

Question

Rafti? ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Remember 'Past is a Blast': take the stem and add the suffix fast!

Associação visual

Imagine a train (the verb) losing its caboose (-an) and picking up a new passenger (the suffix).

Rhyme

Take the end off, add the bit, now your past tense is a hit!

Story

Ali wanted to go to the park. He took 'raftan', cut off the 'an', and added 'am'. Now he says 'Raftam' (I went) and he is happy.

Word Web

RaftanKhandanDidanNeveshtanKhordanAmadan

Desafio

Write 5 sentences about what you did yesterday in 5 minutes.

Notas culturais

In spoken Tehrani, the final 'd' in 3rd person plural is often dropped.

Always use the full suffix in formal writing.

Often uses archaic stems.

Derived from Old Persian past participles.

Iniciadores de conversa

دیروز چه کار کردی؟

آخر هفته کجا رفتی؟

اولین باری که به ایران آمدی کی بود؟

چرا آن تصمیم را گرفتی؟

Temas para diário

Write about your morning.
Describe a trip you took.
Write about a challenge you overcame.
Reflect on a life-changing event.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto

Test Yourself

Preencha a lacuna com a forma correta de 'raftan' (ir).

من دیروز به پارک ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: رفتم (raftam)
Como o sujeito é 'man' (eu), você deve adicionar o sufixo '-am' ao radical 'raft'.
Qual frase diz corretamente 'Ele assistiu ao filme'? Múltipla escolha

Escolha a frase correta em persa:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او فیلم را دید (u film râ did)
Na terceira pessoa do singular (u), o verbo é apenas o radical do passado, sem sufixo.
Encontre e corrija o erro na frase: 'Nós comemos o almoço.' Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ما ناهار خوردید (mâ nâhâr xordid).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما ناهار خوردیم (mâ nâhâr xordim)
O sujeito 'mâ' (nós) exige a terminação '-im', não '-id' (que é para 'šomâ').

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

من به مدرسه ___ (رفتن)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: رفتم
1st person singular.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

او رفتم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او رفت
3rd person singular.
Choose the correct form. Múltipla escolha

ما غذا ___ (خوردن)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خوردیم
1st person plural.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

رفتم / من / بازار / به

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من به بازار رفتم
Subject-Object-Verb.
Translate to Persian. Tradução

They wrote.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: آنها نوشتند
3rd person plural.
Match the verb to the person. Match Pairs

Raftam -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I
1st person singular.
Conjugate 'Didan' for 'You'. Conjugation Drill

تو ___ (دیدن)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دیدی
2nd person singular.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use 'Amadan' for 'We'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما آمدیم
1st person plural.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete a frase: 'Eles viram a foto.' Preencher as lacunas

آنها عکس را ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دیدند (didand)
Traduza para o persa: 'Você (singular) escreveu uma mensagem.' Tradução

Você escreveu uma mensagem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: تو پیام نوشتی (to payâm nevešti)
Coloque as palavras em ordem para dizer 'Eu comprei o livro'. Sentence Reorder

کتاب / من / خریدم / را

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من کتاب را خریدم
Combine o pronome com a terminação correta. Match Pairs

Combine os pares:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man : -am
Corrija a frase: 'Ela comprou um celular.' Error Correction

او گوشی خریدند (u guši xaridand).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او گوشی خرید (u guši xarid)
Qual dessas opções significa 'Nós ouvimos'? Múltipla escolha

Escolha a forma correta de 'šenidan' (ouvir):

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: شنیدیم (šenidim)
Preencha a lacuna: 'Vocês riram.' Preencher as lacunas

شما ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خندیدید (xandidid)
Traduza: 'Eu não vi.' Tradução

Eu não vi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ندیدم (nadidam)
Reordene: 'Você (sing) comeu pizza?' Sentence Reorder

خوردی؟ / پیتزا / تو

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: تو پیتزا خوردی؟
Combine o infinitivo com seu radical do passado. Match Pairs

Combine os pares:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: xordan : xord

Score: /10

Perguntas frequentes (8)

No, it is very regular.

Add 'na-'.

There are very few.

Yes, it is standard.

It is the base stem.

Mostly, yes.

It is more consistent.

Practice stems daily.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Pretérito Indefinido

Persian is more regular.

French low

Passé Composé

Persian is synthetic.

German moderate

Präteritum

Persian is more consistent.

Japanese low

Ta-form

Persian uses suffixes.

Arabic high

Past tense

Persian has fewer gender distinctions.

Chinese none

Le particle

Persian uses conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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