B1 · متوسط فصل 29

مجهول: وقتی «کار» از «آدم» مهم‌تر میشه!

7 مجموع قواعد
73 مثال‌ها
6 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Shift the focus from who did the action to what happened to the object.

  • Form the passive voice using 'be' and past participles.
  • Use reporting verbs to sound objective and professional.
  • Arrange services using the 'have something done' structure.
Master the art of objective and professional English.

چی یاد می‌گیری

سلام رفیق! آماده‌ای که لحن انگلیسی‌ت رو از یه سطح معمولی به یه سطح کاملاً حرفه‌ای و نیتیو نزدیک کنی؟ توی این فصل قراره با غولِ «حالت مجهول» یا همون Passive Voice رفیق بشیم. تا حالا شده بخوای بگی «میگن که...» یا «شنیده شده که...» ولی ندونی چطوری؟ یا مثلاً وقتی گوشیت رو دزدیدن و نمی‌دونی کار کی بوده، چطوری باید حق مطلب رو ادا کنی؟ نکته اصلی اینجاست که همیشه لازم نیست بگیم «کی» کار رو انجام داده؛ گاهی خودِ «کار» یا چیزی که «اتفاق افتاده» خیلی مهم‌تره. ما با هم یاد می‌گیریم چطوری از زمان حال و گذشته مجهول استفاده کنیم (مثل is made یا was sent). بعدش میریم سراغ ترکیب مجهول با افعال کمکی تا بتونی درباره احتمالات و ضرورت‌ها خیلی شیک حرف بزنی. یه بخش فوق‌العاده کاربردی هم داریم به اسم Have something done. فرض کن رفتی تعمیرگاه؛ اگه بگی I repaired my car یعنی خودت آچار دست گرفتی! ولی با این ساختار یاد می‌گیری بگی «دادم ماشینم رو تعمیر کنن». در نهایت هم با یاد گرفتن جملاتی مثل It is said that، دقیقاً مثل یه گزارشگر اخبار یا یه تحلیل‌گر، باکلاس و منطقی به نظر میای. بعد از این فصل، دیگه ترسی از جملات پیچیده نداری و با اعتمادبه‌نفس کامل، توی موقعیت‌های رسمی و روزمره ازشون استفاده می‌کنی!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe manufacturing processes using the Present Simple Passive.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Report rumors or general beliefs using 'It is said that...'
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Talk about historical events and completed actions using the Past Simple Passive.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to: Explain services you've arranged, like repairs or haircuts, using 'have something done'.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Mastering English the passive voice is a crucial step for B1 English grammar learners looking to communicate with greater nuance and professionalism. Often, in English, we want to talk about actions or events without necessarily focusing on *who* performed them. Perhaps the doer is unknown, unimportant, or you simply want to keep the report objective.
This chapter is your comprehensive guide to understanding and using this powerful grammatical tool effectively.
You'll learn how to construct sentences where the action or the receiver of the action takes center stage, moving beyond simple active constructions. This includes describing regular habits or facts using the Present Simple Passive, like how products are manufactured. We'll also explore how to use reporting verbs such as
It is said that...
to share news or rumors objectively, focusing on the information itself rather than the speaker.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently discuss
things happening to things,
report on completed actions using the Past Simple Passive, and even integrate modal verbs to express possibility or necessity in the passive form, such as
It can be done.
Get ready to add significant polish and professionalism to your English conversations and writing!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At its heart, the passive voice shifts the focus of a sentence from the doer of an action to the receiver or the action itself. Instead of
John built the house,
we might say
The house was built by John
(focus on house) or simply
The house was built
(if John is unimportant). The basic structure is: object + be (conjugated) + past participle.
Let's start with the basics. For routine actions or facts, we use the Present Simple Passive. For example,
Coffee is grown in Brazil
focuses on the coffee, not the farmer.
When we want to include modal verbs to express ability, necessity, or possibility, we combine the modal with 'be' and the past participle:
The report must be submitted by Friday.
Here, the report is the focus of the action, even if we don't know who submits it.
Then, there are those handy reporting verbs like 'say,' 'believe,' 'report.' These are fantastic for sharing information objectively. Instead of People say that..., you can use
It is said that the new policy will be announced soon.
This structure makes the information, not the source, the star. Similarly, for past actions where the result is more important, the Past Simple Passive comes into play:
The ancient city was discovered by archaeologists last century.
Notice how
things happening to things
often leads to passive usage, like
The car was manufactured in Germany
or
The package was sent last week.
It's all about emphasizing the action or the object experiencing it.

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Forgetting 'be' or using the wrong form of 'be'.
✗ The car repaired yesterday.
✓ The car was repaired yesterday.
*Explanation: The auxiliary verb 'be' (is, am, are, was, were, been) is essential for forming the passive voice. Without it, the sentence is grammatically incomplete.*
  1. 1Using the base form or -ing form instead of the past participle.
✗ The decisions must be make quickly.
✓ The decisions must be made quickly.
*Explanation: The main verb in a passive construction must always be in its past participle form (third form), not the base form or -ing form.*
  1. 1Overusing the passive voice when the active is more natural.
✗ The ball was kicked by the boy. The goal was scored by him.
✓ The boy kicked the ball and scored the goal.
*Explanation: While useful, the passive voice shouldn't replace the active voice when the doer is clear and the active voice sounds more direct and engaging. Use it when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or you want objectivity.*

مکالمات واقعی

1.

A

A

Have you heard about the new library opening?
B

B

Oh, yes! It is said that it will be opened next month. The final touches are being added now.

2.

A

A

My bike isn't working. I think the chain is broken.
B

B

That's a shame. It can be fixed, though. Maybe you should take it to a shop?
A

A

Yeah, it was bought second-hand, so it probably needs some maintenance.

3.

A

A

How was your trip to Rome?
B

B

It was amazing! The Colosseum was built thousands of years ago, and it's still so impressive. All the ancient ruins are protected by the government.

سؤالات رایج

Q

When should I use the passive voice in English?

You should use the passive voice when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the person or thing performing it. It’s also great for being objective, formal, or when the doer is unknown, as in

The window was broken.

Q

What's the main difference between active and passive voice?

In the active voice, the subject *performs* the action (e.g.,

The chef cooks the meal
). In the passive voice, the subject *receives* the action (e.g.,
The meal is cooked by the chef
). The focus of the sentence changes!

Q

How do I form the passive voice in English?

The basic structure for the passive voice is to be verb (conjugated) + past participle of the main verb. For example, for write, it becomes

is written
(Present Simple),
was written
(Past Simple), or
will be written
(Future Simple).

Q

Is the passive voice always formal?

Not always, but it does tend to sound more formal or academic, especially reporting passive structures like

It is believed that...
. However, it's also common in everyday speech when the doer is irrelevant or obvious, like
My car was stolen
or
Dinner is being prepared.

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use the passive voice frequently, often unconsciously, especially in formal writing like news reports, scientific papers, or official announcements. Think
The new law was passed yesterday
or
Experiments are conducted carefully.
In everyday informal conversation, it's also common when the doer is obvious or unimportant, for example,
My phone was stolen!
or
Dinner is being prepared.
While regional differences might affect specific vocabulary, the core uses of the passive voice remain consistent across most English-speaking regions.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

English is spoken in many countries.

انگلیسی در کشورهای زیادی صحبت می‌شود.

حالت مجهول: تمرکز بر اعمال (مجهول زمان حال ساده)
2

New products are launched every season.

محصولات جدید هر فصل عرضه می‌شوند.

حالت مجهول: تمرکز بر اعمال (مجهول زمان حال ساده)
3

The email `can be sent` to all participants after the final review.

ایمیل بعد از بررسی نهایی می‌تونه برای همه شرکت‌کننده‌ها فرستاده بشه.

حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی: می توان آن را انجام داد
4

Important announcements `should be posted` on the student portal regularly.

اطلاعیه‌های مهم باید به طور منظم توی پورتال دانشجویی گذاشته بشن.

حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی: می توان آن را انجام داد
5

It is said that the new iPhone is waterproof.

گفته می‌شه آیفون جدید ضدآبه.

مجهول: افعال گزارش (گفته می شود که...)
6

She is thought to be the best singer in the class.

فکر می‌کنن اون بهترین خواننده کلاسه.

مجهول: افعال گزارش (گفته می شود که...)
7

It is said that the food here is great.

گفته میشه که غذای اینجا عالیه.

حالت مجهول برای عینیت: 'گفته می شود که...'
8

It is reported that the flight is late.

گزارش شده که پرواز تأخیر داره.

حالت مجهول برای عینیت: 'گفته می شود که...'

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

نتیجه رو بچسب!

مجهول حال ساده بیشتر رو *نتیجه* یا *خود عمل* تاکید داره، نه اینکه کی انجامش داده. از خودت بپرس: «فاعل اینجا مهمه؟» اگه نه، پس مجهول بهترین دوستته!
The email is written.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول: تمرکز بر اعمال (مجهول زمان حال ساده)
💡

فاعل یا مفعول؟

اگه فاعل جمله داره کاری رو انجام نمیده، احتمالاً جمله مجهوله! تمرکزت میره روی مفعول.
The ball was kicked by him.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی: می توان آن را انجام داد
🎯

مثل یه "حرفه‌ای" حرف بزن!

توی مقاله‌های دانشگاهی‌ات می‌خوای یه تئوری رو معرفی کنی؟ از
It is said that
استفاده کن. خیلی «علمی‌تر» از Some people say به نظر میاد:
It is said that the theory is true.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مجهول: افعال گزارش (گفته می شود که...)
🎯

صدای 'امن'

اگه صددرصد از یه موضوعی مطمئن نیستی، از
It is said that
استفاده کن. اینجوری مسئولیت ادعا رو گردن نمی‌گیری!
It is said that the movie is good.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول برای عینیت: 'گفته می شود که...'

واژگان کلیدی (6)

manufacture to make something on a large scale using machinery rumor a story or statement in general circulation without confirmation service to maintain or repair a vehicle or machine claim to state that something is the case, typically without proof deliver to bring and hand over a letter, package, or goods renovate to restore something old to a good state of repair

Real-World Preview

tv

At the Local News Station

heart

Getting Ready for a Wedding

Review Summary

  • Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle
  • Subject + was/were + Past Participle
  • Subject + have + object + Past Participle

اشتباهات رایج

Many learners forget the verb 'to be'. Without 'was' or 'is', it's just a participle, not a full passive verb.

Wrong: The cake made by my mom.
صحیح: The cake was made by my mom.

If you say 'I had cut my hair', it means you did it yourself (Past Perfect). Use 'have + object + participle' for services.

Wrong: I had cut my hair.
صحیح: I had my hair cut.

Reporting verbs in the passive must always be in the past participle form (said, thought, believed), not the base form.

Wrong: It is say that he is a hero.
صحیح: It is said that he is a hero.

قواعد این فصل (7)

1

حالت مجهول: تمرکز بر اعمال (مجهول زمان حال ساده)

B1
با مجهول حال ساده می‌تونی انگلیسی رو دقیق‌تر و حرفه‌ای‌تر حرف بزنی، مخصوصاً وقتی «کی» مهم نیست.
English is spoken in many countries.
10 مثال‌ها
2

حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی: می توان آن را انجام داد

B1
با ترکیب افعال کمکی و حالت مجهول، می‌تونی خیلی راحت درباره possibilities, necessities و obligations صحبت کنی.
The email `can be sent` to all participants after...
12 مثال‌ها
3

مجهول: افعال گزارش (گفته می شود که...)

B1
این ساختار (Reporting passives) کمک می‌کنه شایعه یا اخبار رو بدون اینکه بگی کی گفته، به صورت «عینی» بیان کنی. یعنی تمرکزت روی «اطلاعات» هست نه روی «گوینده».
It is said that the new movie is fantastic; everyo...
12 مثال‌ها
4

حالت مجهول برای عینیت: 'گفته می شود که...'

B1
با passive رسمی، می‌تونی اطلاعات رو objective و professional بگی، بدون اینکه بگی کی گفته.
It is said that the new coffee shop has the best m...
12 مثال‌ها
5

حالت مجهول: اتفاقاتی که برای اشیاء می‌افتند (ساخته می‌شود، فرستاده شد)

B1
صدای مجهول یه جور ابزار جادوییه که بهت کمک می‌کنه روی خودِ «کار» یا چیزی که روش «کار» انجام شده «تمرکز» کنی، نه روی «کی» اون کارو کرده. انگار میخوای بگی «این اتفاق افتاد» نه «فلانی این کارو کرد».
The new university building is being constructed r...
12 مثال‌ها
6

ماضی ساده مجهول: کارهای تکمیل شده (انجام شد/شدند)

B1
Master the Past Simple Passive to shift focus from doer to receiver and sound more natural.
The email `was sent` this morning.
10 مثال‌ها
7

Have Something Done: Arranging for Someone Else to Do It

B1
Have something done means you arrange for someone else to do something for you. Structure: have + object + past participle. It is NOT the same as doing it yourself.
5 مثال‌ها

Next Steps

You've just leveled up your English significantly! The passive voice is a hallmark of the B1 level. Keep practicing, and you'll be sounding like a native speaker in no time.

Read a news article and highlight every passive sentence you find.

Describe your morning routine as a process: 'The coffee is brewed, the mail is checked...'

Continue to: رؤیاپردازی به انگلیسی: جادوی شرطی نوع دوم

تمرین سریع (10)

کدوم جمله با صدای مجهول درست نوشته شده؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My phone was stolen last night.
صدای مجهول به 'was/were' + اسم مفعول (stolen) نیاز داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول: اتفاقاتی که برای اشیاء می‌افتند (ساخته می‌شود، فرستاده شد)

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the Past Simple Passive.

The letter ___ (post) yesterday morning.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: was posted
We use 'was' for singular (letter) and the past participle 'posted'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماضی ساده مجهول: کارهای تکمیل شده (انجام شد/شدند)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

The report should be write by Friday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The report should be written by Friday.
فعل اصلی توی حالت مجهول باید به صورت قسمت سوم فعل باشه. قسمت سوم فعل 'write' میشه 'written'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی: می توان آن را انجام داد

Choose the correct passive sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The pyramids were built by Egyptians.
'Pyramids' is plural (were) and 'built' is the correct V3.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماضی ساده مجهول: کارهای تکمیل شده (انجام شد/شدند)

Complete the sentence.

I will ___ my roof replaced next month.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: have
Will + base form.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Have Something Done: Arranging for Someone Else to Do It

Find the mistake in this sentence: 'The windows was cleaned last week.'

Find and fix the mistake:

The windows was cleaned last week.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Change 'was' to 'were'
'Windows' is plural, so it requires 'were'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماضی ساده مجهول: کارهای تکمیل شده (انجام شد/شدند)

Find the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

I had my house paint.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I had my house painted.
Need past participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Have Something Done: Arranging for Someone Else to Do It

شکل صحیح رو برای کامل کردن جمله انتخاب کن.

The broken window ___ repaired soon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: must be
برای ساخت حالت مجهول با فعل کمکی، به فعل کمکی + be + قسمت سوم فعل نیاز داری. 'Repaired' قسمت سوم فعل هست، پس 'must be' درسته.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول با افعال کمکی: می توان آن را انجام داد

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

He had his wallet steal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He had his wallet stolen.
Past participle required.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Have Something Done: Arranging for Someone Else to Do It

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

It is think that the movie starts at 8.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It is thought that the movie starts at 8.
باید از شکل سوم فعل 'thought' استفاده کنیم، نه شکل اصلی 'think'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت مجهول برای عینیت: 'گفته می شود که...'

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

هدف اصلیش اینه که عمل و دریافت‌کننده عمل رو برجسته کنه، نه فرد یا چیزی که کار رو انجام میده. وقتی فاعل ناشناس یا نامهم باشه عالیه، مثلاً:
The dishes are washed daily.
با شکل صحیح فعل 'to be' (am, is, or are) و بعدش قسمت سوم فعل اصلی (past participle یا V3) می‌سازیش. مثلاً:
The emails are sent.
این ساختار درباره ترکیب یه فعل کمکی (مثل can, should, must) با ساختار مجهول (be + قسمت سوم فعل) هست تا درباره کارهایی حرف بزنیم که «انجام‌دهنده»شون نامعلوم، بی‌اهمیت یا واضحه. تمرکز روی خود کار یا مفعولیه که کار روش انجام میشه، مثلاً توی جمله
The work must be completed.
وقتی ازش استفاده می‌کنی که خود عمل یا مفعولی که عمل رو دریافت می‌کنه، مهم‌تر از کسی باشه که اون رو انجام میده. همچنین، زبان رو رسمی‌تر، عینی‌تر یا مودبانه‌تر می‌کنه. مثلاً،
The announcement will be made soon
کمتر مستقیمه تا اینکه بگی
Someone will make the announcement soon.
وقتی خبر از خود «گوینده» مهم‌تره ازش استفاده کن. مثلاً
It is said that it will rain
بهتره تا اینکه بگی
Rain is said to fall
.
آره، حتماً! فقط کافیه بگی
It was said that
. یعنی مردم قبلاً اینو می‌گفتن ولی الان شاید نه.
فصل قبلی
جادوی زمان‌های کامل: مثل یک نیتیو داستان تعریف کن
فصل بعدی
رؤیاپردازی به انگلیسی: جادوی شرطی نوع دوم
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