Present Perfect : Just, Already, Yet (Vient de, Déjà, Encore)
temporelles super importantes aux actions passées liées au présent : quand elles ont eu lieu, si c'est plus tôt que prévuou
si tu attends toujours.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use these three words to show exactly when an action happened relative to now.
- Use 'just' for very recent actions: 'I have just finished.'
- Use 'already' for actions happening sooner than expected: 'She has already left.'
- Use 'yet' for expected actions in negatives/questions: 'Have you eaten yet?'
Overview
I've just walked in ? Ou peut-être que tu vérifies ton appli de livraison et tu vois Your food has already been picked up ? Cette tranche spécifique de la grammaire anglaise concerne le pont entre le passé et l'instant présent.Present Perfect pour parler d'actions qui se sont passées à un moment non précisé. Mais quand on ajoute already, yet, et just, on donne à ces actions une 'vibe' ou un timing spécifique. Ces trois petits mots sont comme les filtres sur tes photos Instagram.Just nous dit que l'action s'est passée il y a quelques secondes ou minutes. C'est la version tout juste sorti des pressesdu passé.
Already implique que quelque chose s'est passé plus tôt qu'on ne le pensait.Yet est pour les choses qu'on attend encore. C'est le mot de la 'patience'.yet, tu es encore au milieu de ce processus.already seen the finale", tu sais qu'il faut arrêter de parler immédiatement.How This Grammar Works
Present Perfect lui-même se concentre sur le résultat d'une action passée. Quand on ajoute already, yet, et just au mélange, on se concentre sur le *timing* de ce résultat.Just est utilisé pour des événements très récents. Imagine que tu es dans un café. Tu vois ton ami. Tu dis : "I've just ordered." Ça veut dire que le barista est probablement encore en train de préparer la boisson. C'est si frais que le passé touche pratiquement le présent.Already concerne la surprise ou l'efficacité. Si tu dis à ton colocataire : "I've already cleaned the kitchen," tu te vantes peut-être un peu. Tu l'as fait avant qu'il ne s'y attende. Ça montre que tu gères. C'est souvent utilisé dans des phrases positives.Yet est le plus unique des trois. On l'utilise quand on s'attend à ce que quelque chose arrive dans le futur. C'est presque exclusivement pour les phrases négatives et les questions.Have you finished the game yet? tu supposes qu'ils *vont* le finir un jour. Tu vérifies juste le statut. C'est comme la barre de chargement sur une vidéo.yet, mais elle y arrive.
Formation Pattern
have ou has, et du past participle (la forme V3 du verbe).
Just and Already : Ces deux-là vivent au 'milieu' de la phrase. Ils s'assoient entre le verbe auxiliaire et le verbe principal.
have/has + just/already + past participle.
I have just seen him.
Yet : Celui-ci est un peu solitaire. Il va généralement à la toute fin de la phrase.
haven't/hasn't + past participle + yet.
Have/Has + sujet + past participle + yet ?
yet."
Conjugation Table
| Form | Example | Translation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| :--- | :--- | :--- | ||
Positive with Just |
I've just eaten |
Je viens de manger (récemment) | ||
Positive with Already |
She's already left |
Elle est déjà partie (plus tôt que prévu) | ||
Negative with Yet |
We haven't started yet |
Nous n'avons pas encore commencé (mais bientôt) | ||
Question with Yet |
Have you finished yet? |
As-tu fini (comme prévu) ? |
When To Use It
just quand la nouvelle vient de tomber. Pense à un présentateur de journal rapportant une histoire. The president has just arrived. Ou quand tu as just fini une séance de sport et que ton visage est encore rouge. C'est pour ce sentiment immédiat.already quand tu veux souligner que quelque chose est fait. C'est super pour les contextes de travail. "I've already sent that email, Boss." Ça peut aussi exprimer de l'agacement.already told you three times!" C'est pour quand la chronologie avance plus vite que la personne à qui tu parles.yet pour les tâches en attente. C'est parfait pour les voyages. Are we there yet? est la phrase classique de l'enfance. C'est pour tout ce qui est sur ta 'To-Do' list mais n'est pas coché. Si tu n'as pas vu le nouveau film Marvel yet, tu prévois toujours de le voir.Politeness Levels
En anglais, ces termes ne changent pas grand-chose selon la formalité, mais la *position* le peut.
- Casual
You finished yet? (Laisser tomber le 'have' est courant dans les SMS).
- Neutral
Have you finished yet? (Standard pour les amis et collègues).
- Formal
Has the report been completed as of yet? (Ajouter 'as of' rend le tout très professionnel et un peu rigide).
Common Mistakes
yet dans des phrases positives. Tu ne peux pas dire I have finished yet. Ça donne l'impression que tu essaies d'utiliser un cheat code qui n'existe pas. Reste toujours aux négations et aux questions pour yet.already. Bien que tu puisses le mettre à la fin pour l'emphase ("I've finished already!), le mettre au début (
Already I have finished") ressemble à une imitation de Yoda. Garde-le entre l'auxiliaire et le verbe principal par sécurité.Past Simple et le Present Perfect est aussi courant. I just saw him est correct en anglais américain, mais en anglais britannique et aux examens, "I've just seen him" est la règle d'or. Ne laisse pas le 've' se perdre en route.
Memory Trick
Pense à un Traffic Light (Feu tricolore) :
- Green (Already) : Le feu est passé au vert avant que tu ne t'y attendes. Go ! C'est fait.
- Yellow (Just) : Le feu a changé just (à l'instant). Ça se passe maintenant. Sois rapide !
- Red (Yet) : Le feu est encore rouge. Tu attends. Il n'est pas passé au vert yet (encore).
Contrast With Similar Patterns
En quoi est-ce différent du Past Simple ? Le Past Simple est un livre fermé.
I ate lunch at 12:00.C'est un fait. Le
Present Perfect avec ces adverbes est une conversation ouverte. "I've just eaten lunch. Cela implique Donc je n'ai pas faim maintenant." Ça connecte l'action passée à la situation actuelle de ton estomac.
Comparé au Present Continuous (I am eating), le Present Perfect avec just signifie que l'action est *terminée*. Tu ne mâches plus, tu t'essuies la bouche.
Real Conversations
Speaker A : Have you booked the flights yet ?
Speaker B : I've just done it! I'm looking at the confirmation right now.
Speaker A : Do you want to watch the new season?
Speaker B : No thanks, I've already binged the whole thing. It's so good.
Progressive Practice
Identifie le 'statut' de l'action. Est-ce fait tôt, fait récemment, ou en attente ?
Choisis ton adverbe : already, just, ou yet.
Construis le noyau : Have/Has + Past Participle.
Insère l'adverbe dans le bon emplacement (milieu ou fin).
Quick FAQ
already in a question?already? Wow, you're fast!"just the same as recently?just est beaucoup plus immédiat. Recently pourrait vouloir dire la semaine dernière. Just signifie généralement il y a quelques minutes.I already did itinstead of "I've already done it"?
Past Simple pour ces scénarios. Les deux sont compris, mais pour les apprenants B1, le Present Perfect est généralement le centre de la leçon.Placement of Adverbs in Present Perfect
| Adverb | Sentence Type | Position | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Just
|
Affirmative
|
Between have/has and V3
|
I have just left.
|
|
Already
|
Affirmative
|
Between have/has and V3
|
She has already eaten.
|
|
Already
|
Question (Surprise)
|
End of sentence
|
Are you back already?
|
|
Yet
|
Negative
|
End of sentence
|
They haven't arrived yet.
|
|
Yet
|
Question
|
End of sentence
|
Has he called yet?
|
Common Contractions with Adverbs
| Full Form | Contraction | With Adverb |
|---|---|---|
|
I have just
|
I've just
|
I've just seen him.
|
|
He has already
|
He's already
|
He's already left.
|
|
We have not... yet
|
We haven't... yet
|
We haven't started yet.
|
|
It has not... yet
|
It hasn't... yet
|
It hasn't rained yet.
|
Meanings
These adverbs modify the Present Perfect to indicate the recency, timing, or expectation of an action connecting the past to the present.
Just: Very Recent Past
Indicates that an action happened a very short time ago.
“The taxi has just arrived outside.”
“I've just heard the news!”
Already: Sooner Than Expected
Indicates that something happened before the present time or sooner than someone thought it would.
“I've already done my homework.”
“Has the train already left?”
Yet: Expectation of Completion
Used in negative sentences and questions to talk about something that hasn't happened but is expected to happen soon.
“I haven't finished the report yet.”
“Has the mail arrived yet?”
Reference Table
| Adverbe | Signification | Type de phrase | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Just
|
Très récemment
|
Affirmative
|
Entre 'have/has' et le verbe
|
|
Already
|
Plus tôt que prévu
|
Affirmative / Interrogative
|
Entre 'have/has' et le verbe
|
|
Yet
|
Jusqu'à maintenant (attendu)
|
Négative / Interrogative
|
Fin de la phrase
|
|
Still
|
Continu (plus longtemps que prévu)
|
Négative / Affirmative
|
Avant 'have/has'
|
Spectre de formalité
Have you completed the assignment yet? (Work/School)
Have you finished your work yet? (Work/School)
Done yet? (Work/School)
You through with that yet? (Work/School)
Adverbes du Present Perfect
Immédiat
- Just Très récemment
Surprise
- Already Plus tôt que prévu
Attente
- Yet En attente
Position des adverbes
Lequel utiliser ?
La phrase est-elle négative ou une question ?
Est-ce arrivé il y a 1-5 minutes ?
Catégories d'utilisation
Vitesse
- • Already
- • Rapide
- • Fait
Récent
- • Just
- • Maintenant
- • Frais
Attente
- • Yet
- • Négatif
- • Futur
Exemples par niveau
I have just eaten.
I have just eaten.
She has already gone.
She has already gone.
I haven't finished yet.
I haven't finished yet.
Have you seen it yet?
Have you seen it yet?
We've just arrived at the station.
We've just arrived at the station.
He's already bought the tickets.
He's already bought the tickets.
They haven't called us yet.
They haven't called us yet.
Has the movie started yet?
Has the movie started yet?
I have just finished the report you asked for.
I have just finished the report you asked for.
Don't worry, I've already paid the bill.
Don't worry, I've already paid the bill.
We haven't decided where to go on holiday yet.
We haven't decided where to go on holiday yet.
Have you spoken to the manager about the problem yet?
Have you spoken to the manager about the problem yet?
The CEO has just announced his resignation.
The CEO has just announced his resignation.
You've finished that book already? You only started it this morning!
You've finished that book already? You only started it this morning!
The scientific community hasn't reached a consensus yet.
The scientific community hasn't reached a consensus yet.
Have the results of the experiment been published yet?
Have the results of the experiment been published yet?
I've just been contemplating the implications of your theory.
I've just been contemplating the implications of your theory.
The government has already implemented several measures to curb inflation.
The government has already implemented several measures to curb inflation.
We have yet to see any tangible evidence of improvement.
We have yet to see any tangible evidence of improvement.
Has the board of directors reached a final decision yet?
Has the board of directors reached a final decision yet?
The witness has just provided a testimony that could jeopardize the entire case.
The witness has just provided a testimony that could jeopardize the entire case.
By the time we arrived, the situation had already deteriorated beyond repair.
By the time we arrived, the situation had already deteriorated beyond repair.
The full extent of the damage has yet to be determined by the authorities.
The full extent of the damage has yet to be determined by the authorities.
Have you not already considered the potential fallout of such a move?
Have you not already considered the potential fallout of such a move?
Facile à confondre
Both refer to things that haven't happened, but 'still' emphasizes the duration and 'yet' emphasizes the expectation.
'Just' is used with Present Perfect; 'just now' is usually used with Simple Past.
'Already' is the time adverb; 'all ready' means everyone is prepared.
Erreurs courantes
I have finished yet.
I have already finished.
I just have eaten.
I have just eaten.
Have you yet eaten?
Have you eaten yet?
I haven't already seen it.
I haven't seen it yet.
She has yet finished.
She has already finished.
I've already did it.
I've already done it.
Has he just left yet?
Has he just left?
I already have been there.
I have already been there.
I haven't seen him just.
I haven't seen him recently / I just saw him.
Did you finish yet?
Have you finished yet?
We haven't yet to receive it.
We have yet to receive it.
Structures de phrases
I have just ___.
Has ___ ___ yet?
We've already ___ but we haven't ___ yet.
You've ___ already?!
Real World Usage
I've just left! Be there in 5.
I have already managed several projects similar to this one.
Has our food been prepared yet?
Can't believe I've just hit 1,000 followers!
The gate hasn't opened yet.
Have you taken your medicine yet?
Le lien avec le 'V3'
I have just arrived.
Pas de 'Already' au négatif
Already pour la surprise
Have you finished already?!
Smart Tips
Add 'yet' to the end of your negative sentence.
Put 'already' at the end of a question and use a rising tone.
Use 'have yet to' instead of 'haven't ... yet'.
Think of it as a sandwich filling between 'have' and the verb.
Prononciation
Contraction Stress
In 'I've just', the 've' is very soft, almost silent. The stress is on 'just'.
Yet Intonation
In questions, 'yet' usually has a rising intonation.
Surprise with Already
You've finished ALREADY? ↗
Expresses shock that something happened so fast.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
J.A.Y. helps you play: Just (recent), Already (early), Yet (waiting).
Association visuelle
Imagine a 'Just' clock with the hand only 1 minute past the hour, an 'Already' runner crossing the finish line while others are far behind, and a 'Yet' person looking at their watch waiting for a bus.
Rhyme
Just is near, Already is done, Yet is waiting for the fun.
Story
I have just woken up. I have already brushed my teeth, but I haven't had breakfast yet.
Word Web
Défi
Write three sentences about your morning using one 'just', one 'already', and one 'yet'.
Notes culturelles
BrE speakers are very strict about using the Present Perfect with 'just', 'already', and 'yet'. Using Simple Past sounds 'American' or incorrect to them.
AmE speakers frequently use the Simple Past with these adverbs, especially in casual speech.
Using 'already' can signal proactivity and efficiency in a professional setting.
The Present Perfect evolved in Germanic languages to express a state resulting from a past action. Adverbs like 'already' (all + ready) and 'yet' (Old English 'giet') were added to refine the temporal focus.
Amorces de conversation
Have you seen any good movies yet this year?
What's something you've already achieved today?
Have you just started learning English, or have you been studying for a while?
Is there a country you haven't visited yet but really want to?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
I'm not hungry. I've ___ eaten a big burger.
Choisis la phrase grammaticalement correcte :
Find and fix the mistake:
He has yet called me.
Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercisesI'm not hungry. I have ___ eaten lunch.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Has the mail already arrived yet?
I finished my homework ten minutes ago. (Use Present Perfect + already)
A: Do you want to watch 'Inception'? B: No, I've ___ seen it three times!
Gap filler
'Just' can be used in negative sentences to mean 'not recently'.
Functions
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesalready / I / seen / have / film / that
¿Ya has enviado el correo? (Use 'yet')
The taxi is outside! It has ___ arrived.
Associe les termes
Don't tell me the score! I haven't watched the match ___.
We yet haven't decided where to go.
delivered / yet / your / package / been / has / ?
Wait, you've ___ finished the whole pizza?
Acabamos de empezar.
A: Is John here? B: No, he hasn't arrived ___.
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
Generally, no. In standard English, `yet` is for negatives and questions. However, in very formal English, you can say `I have yet to finish`, which means `I haven't finished yet`.
`Just` usually means a few minutes or seconds ago. `Recently` can mean days or weeks ago.
It usually goes between `have/has` and the `past participle`. For example: `I have already seen it`. You can also put it at the end for emphasis: `I've seen it already!`
In American English, yes, it's very common. In British English or on English exams (like IELTS/TOEFL), you should use the Present Perfect: `Have you done it yet?`.
Yes! Use it when you are surprised. `Have you finished already?` means `Wow, that was fast!`
It's a convention of English word order for this specific adverb. It helps the listener identify the sentence as a question or a negative expectation.
Yes, especially in American English. `I just saw him` is perfectly fine in the US, while a Brit might prefer `I have just seen him`.
It is a formal way to say that something hasn't happened. `The company has yet to decide` means `The company hasn't decided yet`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ya / todavía
Spanish 'ya' is much more flexible in position than English 'already'.
déjà / pas encore
French uses 'venir de' + infinitive for 'just' instead of an adverb.
schon / noch nicht
German word order is more rigid regarding the 'V2' rule.
mou / mada
Japanese doesn't have a direct equivalent for 'just' as an adverb in the same way; it uses verb endings like '-ta bakari'.
qad / lamma
The concept of 'just' is often expressed through specific verbs or time phrases.
yǐjīng / hái méiyǒu
Chinese has no verb conjugation, so the 'tense' is entirely dependent on these particles.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
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