Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use these three words to show exactly when an action happened relative to now.
- Use 'just' for very recent actions: 'I have just finished.'
- Use 'already' for actions happening sooner than expected: 'She has already left.'
- Use 'yet' for expected actions in negatives/questions: 'Have you eaten yet?'
Overview
I've just walked in（ちょうど帰ってきたところ）って返事が来たことはない？あるいは、デリバリーアプリを見て Your food has already been picked up（食事はすでに受け取られました）って表示されたりとか。この特定の英語の文法は、過去と現在の間の「架け橋」についての話なんだ。特定されていない時間に起きた行動について話すときに Present Perfect（現在完了形）を使うよね。でも、そこに already、yet、just を加えると、その行動に特定の「雰囲気」やタイミングを与えることができるんだ。この3つの小さな単語は、インスタの写真にかけるフィルターみたいなもの。中心となる出来事を変えずに、文のムードや意味を変えちゃうんだよ。Just は、そのアクションが数秒前や数分前に起きたことを教えてくれる。「刷りたてほやほや」の過去バージョンって感じかな。Already は、何かが思ったよりも早く起きたことを暗示する。課題を3日早く終わらせちゃうような「デキる人」向けだね。Yet は、まだかまだかと待っている事柄に使う。「忍耐」の言葉だ。もしコーヒーを yet（まだ）飲み終わっていないなら、君はまだそのプロセスの最中ってこと。already seen the finale"（もう最終回見ちゃった）って言ったら、すぐに会話を止めるべきだってわかるでしょ。How This Grammar Works
Present Perfect 自体は過去の行動の結果に焦点を当てているけど、already、yet、just をミックスすると、その結果の「タイミング」に注目することになるんだ。Just はごく最近の出来事に使われる。カフェにいると想像してみて。友達を見かけて、"I've just ordered"（今注文したところだよ）と言う。これは、バリスタがたぶんまだドリンクを作っている最中って意味だ。過去が現在に触れているくらい「新鮮」なんだね。Already は驚きや効率の良さを表す。ルームメイトに "I've already cleaned the kitchen"（もうキッチン掃除しといたよ）って言ったら、ちょっと自慢が入ってるかも。相手が期待するより前にやっちゃったんだから。「物事をしっかり管理してる」ってことを示すよ。肯定文でよく使われるね。Yet は3つの中で一番ユニークだ。将来何かが起こることを「期待」しているときに使う。ほぼ否定文と疑問文専用だね。もし Have you finished the game yet?（もうゲーム終わった？）って聞くなら、相手がいずれ終わらせると想定しているってこと。進捗状況を確認しているだけさ。動画の読み込みバーみたいなもんだよ。まだ100%には到達していない yet（けど）、そこに向かっているんだ。
Formation Pattern
have または has、そして past participle（動詞のV3形/過去分詞）が必要。
Just and Already: この2つは文の「真ん中」に住んでいる。助動詞とメインの動詞の間に座るんだ。
have/has + just/already + past participle.
I have just seen him.
Yet: こいつはちょっと一匹狼。たいてい文の一番最後に来る。
haven't/hasn't + past participle + yet.
Have/Has + subject + past participle + yet?
yet."
Conjugation Table
| Form | Example | Translation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| :--- | :--- | :--- | ||
Positive with Just |
I've just eaten |
たった今食べたところ（直近） | ||
Positive with Already |
She's already left |
彼女はもう行ってしまった（予想より早く） | ||
Negative with Yet |
We haven't started yet |
まだ始めていない（でももうすぐ始める） | ||
Question with Yet |
Have you finished yet? |
もう終わった？（期待通りに） |
When To Use It
just を使おう。ニュースキャスターが The president has just arrived.（大統領がただいま到着しました）って伝えているのを想像して。あるいは、ワークアウトを just（たった今）終えて、顔がまだ赤いときとか。その「直後」って感覚に使うんだ。already を使おう。仕事の場面で最適だね。「ボス、そのメールは already（すでに）送信済みです」。イライラを表すこともできるよ。「もう3回も言ったじゃん！（I've already told you three times!）」。タイムラインが話している相手よりも早く進んでいるときに使うんだ。yet を使おう。旅行中には完璧だね。「まだ着かないの？（Are we there yet?）」は子供の決まり文句だ。『To-Do』リストにはあるけど、まだチェックが付いていないものに使う。もし新作のマーベル映画を yet（まだ）見ていないなら、これから見るつもりってことだね。Politeness Levels
英語では、これらの用語自体はフォーマルさによってあまり変わらないけど、「位置」や使い方が変わることがある。
- Casual
You finished yet?（テキストメッセージでは have を省略するのが一般的）。
- Neutral
Have you finished yet?（友達や同僚との標準的な言い方）。
- Formal
Has the report been completed as of yet?（as of を付けると、すごくプロフェッショナルで、ちょっと堅苦しい響きになる）。
Common Mistakes
yet を使うこと。I have finished yet. とは言えない。存在しないチートコードを使おうとしているみたいに聞こえるよ。yet は常に否定文と疑問文で使おう。already の位置。「終わったよ、もう！（I've finished already!）」みたいに強調のために最後に置くことはできるけど、最初（Already I have finishedI just saw him はアメリカ英語ではOKだけど、イギリス英語や試験では "I've just seen him" がゴールドスタンダード（模範解答）だ。ve を郵便事故で失くさないようにね。
Memory Trick
Traffic Light（信号機）を思い浮かべて：
- Green (Already): 信号が予想より早く青になった。進め！ 何かが完了したってこと。
- Yellow (Just): 信号が just（たった今）変わった。まさに今起きている。急げ！
- Red (Yet): 信号はまだ赤。待っている状態。まだ青にはなっていない（hasn't turned green yet）。
Contrast With Similar Patterns
Past Simple（過去形）とどう違うの？ Past Simple は「閉じた本」だ。
I ate lunch at 12:00.（12時にランチを食べた）。これは事実。これらの副詞を伴う
Present Perfect は「開かれた会話」だ。"I've just eaten lunch."（ちょうどランチを食べたところ）。これは「だから今はお腹空いてないよ」ってことを暗示している。過去の行動を現在の胃袋の状況に結びつけているんだね。
Present Continuous（現在進行形 I am eating）と比べると、just を使った Present Perfect はアクションが「終わった」ことを意味する。もう噛んでないし、口を拭いているところさ。
Real Conversations
Speaker A: Have you booked the flights yet?
（フライトはもう予約した？）
Speaker B: I've just done it! I'm looking at the confirmation right now.
（たった今やったとこ！ 今確認画面を見てるよ。）
Speaker A: Do you want to watch the new season?
（新シーズン見たい？）
Speaker B: No thanks, I've already binged the whole thing. It's so good.
（ううん、大丈夫。もう全部一気見しちゃったから。すごく良かったよ。）
Progressive Practice
アクションの「ステータス」を特定しよう。早く終わった？ 最近終わった？ それとも待機中？
副詞を選ぼう：already, just, または yet。
コアを作ろう：Have/Has + Past Participle。
正しいスロット（真ん中か最後）に副詞を入れよう。
Quick FAQ
質問で already を使ってもいい？
もちろん！ それは驚きを表すよ。"Have you finished already? Wow, you're fast!"（もう終わったの？ わあ、早いね！）
just は recently と同じ？
だいたいはね。でも just の方がもっと「直近」だ。Recently は先週のことかもしれないけど、just はたいてい数分前のことさ。
なんでアメリカ人は
I already did itの代わりに "I've already done it" って言うの？
アメリカ英語では、こういうシナリオで Past Simple（過去形）をよく使うんだ。どっちも通じるけど、B1レベルの学習者にとっては、たいてい Present Perfect がレッスンの焦点になるね。
Placement of Adverbs in Present Perfect
| Adverb | Sentence Type | Position | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Just
|
Affirmative
|
Between have/has and V3
|
I have just left.
|
|
Already
|
Affirmative
|
Between have/has and V3
|
She has already eaten.
|
|
Already
|
Question (Surprise)
|
End of sentence
|
Are you back already?
|
|
Yet
|
Negative
|
End of sentence
|
They haven't arrived yet.
|
|
Yet
|
Question
|
End of sentence
|
Has he called yet?
|
Common Contractions with Adverbs
| Full Form | Contraction | With Adverb |
|---|---|---|
|
I have just
|
I've just
|
I've just seen him.
|
|
He has already
|
He's already
|
He's already left.
|
|
We have not... yet
|
We haven't... yet
|
We haven't started yet.
|
|
It has not... yet
|
It hasn't... yet
|
It hasn't rained yet.
|
Meanings
These adverbs modify the Present Perfect to indicate the recency, timing, or expectation of an action connecting the past to the present.
Just: Very Recent Past
Indicates that an action happened a very short time ago.
“The taxi has just arrived outside.”
“I've just heard the news!”
Already: Sooner Than Expected
Indicates that something happened before the present time or sooner than someone thought it would.
“I've already done my homework.”
“Has the train already left?”
Yet: Expectation of Completion
Used in negative sentences and questions to talk about something that hasn't happened but is expected to happen soon.
“I haven't finished the report yet.”
“Has the mail arrived yet?”
Reference Table
| 副詞 | 意味 | 文の種類 | 位置 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Just
|
ごく最近
|
肯定文
|
have/has と動詞の間
|
|
Already
|
予想よりも早く
|
肯定文 / 疑問文
|
have/has と動詞の間
|
|
Yet
|
今までのところ（予想されている）
|
否定文 / 疑問文
|
文の最後
|
|
Still
|
続いている（予想より長く）
|
否定文 / 肯定文
|
have/has の前
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Have you completed the assignment yet? (Work/School)
Have you finished your work yet? (Work/School)
Done yet? (Work/School)
You through with that yet? (Work/School)
現在完了形の副詞
即時
- Just ごく最近
驚き
- Already 予想よりも早く
期待
- Yet それを待っている
副詞の位置
どれを使えばいい？
その文は否定文ですか、それとも疑問文ですか？
それは1〜5分前に起こりましたか？
使用カテゴリ
速さ
- • Already
- • 速い
- • 完了
最近
- • Just
- • 今
- • 新鮮
待機
- • Yet
- • 否定
- • 未来
レベル別の例文
I have just eaten.
I have just eaten.
She has already gone.
She has already gone.
I haven't finished yet.
I haven't finished yet.
Have you seen it yet?
Have you seen it yet?
We've just arrived at the station.
We've just arrived at the station.
He's already bought the tickets.
He's already bought the tickets.
They haven't called us yet.
They haven't called us yet.
Has the movie started yet?
Has the movie started yet?
I have just finished the report you asked for.
I have just finished the report you asked for.
Don't worry, I've already paid the bill.
Don't worry, I've already paid the bill.
We haven't decided where to go on holiday yet.
We haven't decided where to go on holiday yet.
Have you spoken to the manager about the problem yet?
Have you spoken to the manager about the problem yet?
The CEO has just announced his resignation.
The CEO has just announced his resignation.
You've finished that book already? You only started it this morning!
You've finished that book already? You only started it this morning!
The scientific community hasn't reached a consensus yet.
The scientific community hasn't reached a consensus yet.
Have the results of the experiment been published yet?
Have the results of the experiment been published yet?
I've just been contemplating the implications of your theory.
I've just been contemplating the implications of your theory.
The government has already implemented several measures to curb inflation.
The government has already implemented several measures to curb inflation.
We have yet to see any tangible evidence of improvement.
We have yet to see any tangible evidence of improvement.
Has the board of directors reached a final decision yet?
Has the board of directors reached a final decision yet?
The witness has just provided a testimony that could jeopardize the entire case.
The witness has just provided a testimony that could jeopardize the entire case.
By the time we arrived, the situation had already deteriorated beyond repair.
By the time we arrived, the situation had already deteriorated beyond repair.
The full extent of the damage has yet to be determined by the authorities.
The full extent of the damage has yet to be determined by the authorities.
Have you not already considered the potential fallout of such a move?
Have you not already considered the potential fallout of such a move?
間違えやすい
Both refer to things that haven't happened, but 'still' emphasizes the duration and 'yet' emphasizes the expectation.
'Just' is used with Present Perfect; 'just now' is usually used with Simple Past.
'Already' is the time adverb; 'all ready' means everyone is prepared.
よくある間違い
I have finished yet.
I have already finished.
I just have eaten.
I have just eaten.
Have you yet eaten?
Have you eaten yet?
I haven't already seen it.
I haven't seen it yet.
She has yet finished.
She has already finished.
I've already did it.
I've already done it.
Has he just left yet?
Has he just left?
I already have been there.
I have already been there.
I haven't seen him just.
I haven't seen him recently / I just saw him.
Did you finish yet?
Have you finished yet?
We haven't yet to receive it.
We have yet to receive it.
文型パターン
I have just ___.
Has ___ ___ yet?
We've already ___ but we haven't ___ yet.
You've ___ already?!
Real World Usage
I've just left! Be there in 5.
I have already managed several projects similar to this one.
Has our food been prepared yet?
Can't believe I've just hit 1,000 followers!
The gate hasn't opened yet.
Have you taken your medicine yet?
過去分詞とセット！
gone、seen、doneなど）と一緒に使います。動詞の原形や過去形とは合わせないでくださいね。"Always pair these with the Past Participle (like 'gone', 'seen', 'done'), never the base form or past simple."否定文では "Already" は使わない
yet を使うのが自然です。"Don't say 'I haven't already finished'. Use 'yet' instead for negative sentences."驚きを伝える "Already"
already を置くと、相手の行動の早さに驚いている気持ちを伝えられますよ。「もう終わったの？！すごい！」という感じですね。Have you finished already?!
Smart Tips
Add 'yet' to the end of your negative sentence.
Put 'already' at the end of a question and use a rising tone.
Use 'have yet to' instead of 'haven't ... yet'.
Think of it as a sandwich filling between 'have' and the verb.
発音
Contraction Stress
In 'I've just', the 've' is very soft, almost silent. The stress is on 'just'.
Yet Intonation
In questions, 'yet' usually has a rising intonation.
Surprise with Already
You've finished ALREADY? ↗
Expresses shock that something happened so fast.
暗記しよう
記憶術
J.A.Y. helps you play: Just (recent), Already (early), Yet (waiting).
視覚的連想
Imagine a 'Just' clock with the hand only 1 minute past the hour, an 'Already' runner crossing the finish line while others are far behind, and a 'Yet' person looking at their watch waiting for a bus.
Rhyme
Just is near, Already is done, Yet is waiting for the fun.
Story
I have just woken up. I have already brushed my teeth, but I haven't had breakfast yet.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences about your morning using one 'just', one 'already', and one 'yet'.
文化メモ
BrE speakers are very strict about using the Present Perfect with 'just', 'already', and 'yet'. Using Simple Past sounds 'American' or incorrect to them.
AmE speakers frequently use the Simple Past with these adverbs, especially in casual speech.
Using 'already' can signal proactivity and efficiency in a professional setting.
The Present Perfect evolved in Germanic languages to express a state resulting from a past action. Adverbs like 'already' (all + ready) and 'yet' (Old English 'giet') were added to refine the temporal focus.
会話のきっかけ
Have you seen any good movies yet this year?
What's something you've already achieved today?
Have you just started learning English, or have you been studying for a while?
Is there a country you haven't visited yet but really want to?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
I'm not hungry. I've ___ eaten a big burger.
just を使います。Choose the grammatically correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
He has yet called me.
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesI'm not hungry. I have ___ eaten lunch.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Has the mail already arrived yet?
I finished my homework ten minutes ago. (Use Present Perfect + already)
A: Do you want to watch 'Inception'? B: No, I've ___ seen it three times!
Gap filler
'Just' can be used in negative sentences to mean 'not recently'.
Functions
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesalready / I / seen / have / film / that
¿Ya has enviado el correo? (Use 'yet')
The taxi is outside! It has ___ arrived.
Match the terms
Don't tell me the score! I haven't watched the match ___.
We yet haven't decided where to go.
delivered / yet / your / package / been / has / ?
Wait, you've ___ finished the whole pizza?
Acabamos de empezar.
A: Is John here? B: No, he hasn't arrived ___.
Score: /10
よくある質問 (8)
Generally, no. In standard English, `yet` is for negatives and questions. However, in very formal English, you can say `I have yet to finish`, which means `I haven't finished yet`.
`Just` usually means a few minutes or seconds ago. `Recently` can mean days or weeks ago.
It usually goes between `have/has` and the `past participle`. For example: `I have already seen it`. You can also put it at the end for emphasis: `I've seen it already!`
In American English, yes, it's very common. In British English or on English exams (like IELTS/TOEFL), you should use the Present Perfect: `Have you done it yet?`.
Yes! Use it when you are surprised. `Have you finished already?` means `Wow, that was fast!`
It's a convention of English word order for this specific adverb. It helps the listener identify the sentence as a question or a negative expectation.
Yes, especially in American English. `I just saw him` is perfectly fine in the US, while a Brit might prefer `I have just seen him`.
It is a formal way to say that something hasn't happened. `The company has yet to decide` means `The company hasn't decided yet`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ya / todavía
Spanish 'ya' is much more flexible in position than English 'already'.
déjà / pas encore
French uses 'venir de' + infinitive for 'just' instead of an adverb.
schon / noch nicht
German word order is more rigid regarding the 'V2' rule.
mou / mada
Japanese doesn't have a direct equivalent for 'just' as an adverb in the same way; it uses verb endings like '-ta bakari'.
qad / lamma
The concept of 'just' is often expressed through specific verbs or time phrases.
yǐjīng / hái méiyǒu
Chinese has no verb conjugation, so the 'tense' is entirely dependent on these particles.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
現在完了形: 'Already' の中間位置
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