Cette page dans ta langue

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

A2 noun #3,500 le plus courant 10 min de lecture

اسکناس

eskenas Top 3,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces اسکناس en 30 secondes

Explication اسکناس in your Level:

At the A1 level, the focus is on basic survival vocabulary. While students primarily learn the word 'pul' (money), introducing 'eskenās' helps them understand the physical reality of shopping in Iran. At this stage, a learner should be able to recognize the word on signs at a bank or in a shop. They might use it in very simple sentences like 'In eskenās ast' (This is a banknote). The goal is recognition and the ability to distinguish it from 'sekke' (coin). Learners at this level often struggle with the Iranian currency system (Rial vs. Toman), so knowing 'eskenās' allows them to point at a physical bill and ask for its value. It is a 'noun of object' that helps in the immediate environment of a grocery store or a taxi. Simple phrases like 'Eskenās-e dah-tomani' (A ten-toman banknote) are appropriate here. The emphasis is on building a foundation of nouns that describe everyday objects found in a wallet or purse.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'eskenās' in more functional, daily contexts. They should be able to ask for change ('eskenās-e khord') and describe the condition of the money ('eskenās-e now' vs. 'eskenās-e kohne'). This level involves understanding basic grammatical structures, such as the fact that nouns following numbers stay singular. An A2 learner should be able to handle a transaction at a bank or a currency exchange where the word is frequently used. They are moving beyond simple identification to active usage in structured scenarios. They can describe their preferences, such as 'I like new banknotes for Eidi'. They also start to understand the cultural significance of paper money in Iran, especially during holidays. The word 'eskenās' becomes a tool for navigating social interactions involving money, providing more precision than the general word 'pul'.

By the B1 level, the learner is expected to use 'eskenās' in more complex sentences and understand its role in broader discussions about the economy. They should be comfortable using the word in compound sentences and relative clauses. For example, 'The banknote that I found on the street was torn'. B1 learners can also start to engage in conversations about inflation or the banking system, where 'eskenās' is a standard term. They understand the nuances between 'eskenās' and more formal terms like 'vajh' (funds). At this stage, the learner is also more aware of the register; they know when to use the formal 'eskenās' and when to use the informal 'pul'. They can follow a news report about the central bank issuing new banknotes and understand the implications. Their vocabulary is expanding to include collocations like 'chāp-e eskenās' (printing banknotes) and 'eskenās-e jā'ali' (counterfeit banknote).

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the B2 level, 'eskenās' is used fluently in a variety of professional and social contexts. The learner can discuss the history of the word (its Russian roots) and its cultural implications in depth. They can use the word in abstract discussions about the transition to a cashless society and the pros and cons of physical banknotes. Their command of the word includes understanding idiomatic expressions and the subtle connotations it carries in literature or film. A B2 learner can explain the security features of an Iranian banknote in Persian, using technical terms like 'nakh-e amniyati' (security thread) and 'vatermark' (watermark). They are also capable of handling complex financial disputes or negotiations where the specificity of 'eskenās' is required. Their speech is natural, and they can switch between different registers of financial language with ease.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the C1 level, the learner has a sophisticated grasp of 'eskenās' and can use it in academic, legal, or highly specialized economic discussions. They can analyze the impact of 'eskenās' circulation on the national economy and participate in high-level debates about monetary policy. The word is used with complete precision, and the learner is aware of its historical evolution within the Persian language. They can appreciate the use of the word in classical or modern Persian literature, where it might be used metaphorically to represent materialism or the fleeting nature of wealth. A C1 learner can write detailed reports or essays on financial topics, consistently using 'eskenās' and its related technical vocabulary correctly. They are also sensitive to the regional variations in how the word might be used or perceived across different Persian-speaking communities.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the C2 level, the mastery of 'eskenās' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. The learner can use the word in any context, from the most technical economic treatise to the most nuanced poetic expression. They understand every possible connotation, historical reference, and idiomatic use. They can lead discussions on the future of physical currency and the philosophical implications of money. For a C2 learner, 'eskenās' is not just a vocabulary word but a part of a vast linguistic and cultural web. They can effortlessly navigate the complexities of Iranian financial history, the politics of the Central Bank, and the socio-economic factors that influence the use of banknotes. Their use of the word is flawless, reflecting a deep and comprehensive understanding of the Persian language and the societies that speak it.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

اسکناس en 30 secondes

Eskenās means banknote or paper money in Persian.
It is a formal and specific term, distinct from the general word 'pul'.
The word originated from Russian and is common in banking and trade.
It is a countable noun that remains singular when used with numbers.

The Persian word اسکناس (pronounced eskenās) refers specifically to paper money or a banknote. While the general word for money in Persian is پول (pul), اسکناس is used when you want to distinguish physical paper bills from coins (سکه - sekke) or digital currency. In everyday Iranian life, the use of banknotes remains extremely common despite the rise of digital banking, especially in traditional bazaars and for small daily transactions. Understanding this word is essential for anyone navigating the financial landscape of Iran or any Persian-speaking region.

Etymological Root: The word actually entered Persian via the Russian word 'assignatsiya' (ассигнация), which itself traces back to the French 'assignat'. This historical journey reflects the influence of Russian trade and administration on Northern Iran during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

من ترجیح می‌دهم همیشه چند اسکناس نو در کیف پولم داشته باشم.
(I prefer to always have a few new banknotes in my wallet.)

In a broader context, اسکناس is a formal term. If you are at a bank, you will hear the teller use this word. However, if you are at a grocery store, you might simply say 'pul' (money), though using اسکناس is perfectly correct and adds a layer of precision to your speech. It is particularly relevant during the Iranian New Year (Nowruz), where it is a tradition to give 'Eidi' in the form of brand new, crisp banknotes, often referred to as اسکناس تا نشده (unfolded/crisp banknotes).

Physical Characteristics: Persian banknotes feature intricate designs, including historical figures, landmarks, and security watermarks. Discussing the 'rū' (front) and 'posht' (back) of an اسکناس is common when identifying different denominations.

بانک مرکزی ایران مسئول چاپ اسکناس‌های جدید است.
(The Central Bank of Iran is responsible for printing new banknotes.)

Furthermore, the word is used in discussions about inflation and the economy. When the value of the currency changes, the physical اسکناس might have more zeros added or removed in new versions. This makes the word a staple in news broadcasts. For a learner, mastering this word helps in understanding news about the 'bāzār-e arz' (currency market) and 'narkh-e tavarrom' (inflation rate). It is not just about a piece of paper; it represents the economic heartbeat of the nation.

Counterfeiting Context: The term اسکناس تقلبی (fake banknote) is something every traveler and local should be aware of. Checking the security thread (nakh-e amniyati) is a common habit when handling large denominations.

این اسکناس گوشه‌اش پاره شده است، آیا آن را قبول می‌کنید؟
(The corner of this banknote is torn; do you accept it?)

Using اسکناس in a sentence requires an understanding of its role as a countable noun. In Persian grammar, pluralization is typically achieved by adding 'hā' to the end, resulting in اسکناس‌ها. However, when preceded by a number, the noun remains singular. For example, 'dah eskenās' (ten banknotes). This is a crucial rule for A2 learners to internalize.

Subject Position: When the banknote is the subject of the sentence, it often describes an action like being lost, found, or issued. 'Eskenās ruye miz ast' (The banknote is on the table).

اسکناس‌های ده هزار تومانی در ایران بسیار رایج هستند.
(Ten-thousand Toman banknotes are very common in Iran.)

In the object position, اسکناس often follows verbs like 'dādan' (to give), 'gereftan' (to take/receive), or 'shomordan' (to count). When you are at a currency exchange (Sarrafi), you might ask the clerk to give you smaller denominations. Here, you would use the term اسکناس درشت (large denomination) or اسکناس خرد (small denomination/change).

Adjectival Usage: You can describe the condition of the bill. 'Eskenās-e now' (new bill), 'Eskenās-e kohne' (old/worn bill), or 'Eskenās-e jā'ali' (forged bill).

او اسکناس را جلوی نور گرفت تا از اصل بودن آن مطمئن شود.
(He held the banknote up to the light to be sure of its authenticity.)

For more advanced usage, اسکناس can be part of compound verbs or idiomatic expressions related to wealth and liquidity. While 'pul' is more common in idioms, اسکناس is used when the physical presence of the money is emphasized, such as in 'daste-ye eskenās' (a wad/bundle of banknotes). This phrase is often used to describe someone carrying a significant amount of cash.

Prepositional Phrases: Using 'bā' (with) or 'dar' (in). 'Bā eskenās pardākht kardan' (To pay with banknotes). 'Dar miyān-e eskenāshā' (Among the banknotes).

لطفاً این اسکناس پنجاه هزار تومانی را برای من خرد کنید.
(Please break this fifty-thousand Toman banknote for me.)

The word اسکناس is ubiquitous in Iranian society, appearing in both official and mundane settings. One of the most common places you will hear it is at a بانک (bank). Tellers frequently ask customers if they need specific types of banknotes or if they are depositing 'eskenās' or 'sekke'. During the 'Eidi' season before the Persian New Year, the demand for 'eskenās-e now' (new banknotes) skyrockets, and you will hear people discussing which bank branches have received the new shipments.

The Bazaar and Street Markets: While many shops now use card readers (POS machines), the 'Bāzār' still runs on cash. Merchants might ask for 'eskenās-e khord' (small bills) because they lack change. You'll hear phrases like 'Eskenās-e drosht nadāram' (I don't have large bills).

در اخبار شنیدم که اسکناس‌های جدید به بازار می‌آیند.
(I heard on the news that new banknotes are coming to the market.)

News broadcasts and economic reports are another primary source. Economists discuss the 'naqdinegi' (liquidity) in the market and the volume of اسکناس in circulation. In times of high inflation, there is often talk about 'chāp-e bi-roviye-ye eskenās' (unchecked printing of banknotes), which is a common political and economic talking point. This context provides a more academic or serious tone to the word.

Public Transportation: In older buses or shared taxis (Taxi-ye khatti), the exchange of banknotes is a constant background noise. The rustling of paper money and the mention of denominations are part of the daily commute.

دستگاه خودپرداز فقط اسکناس‌های ده هزار تومانی داشت.
(The ATM only had ten-thousand Toman banknotes.)

Movies and TV dramas also use the word to create realism. A character might be shown counting a 'daste-ye eskenās' to pay off a debt or hidden stash of money. In these fictional contexts, the word often carries weight, symbolizing wealth, corruption, or survival. For a student of Persian, hearing the word in these varied environments—from the sterile bank to the chaotic bazaar—helps build a multi-dimensional understanding of its usage.

Education and Textbooks: Children learn the word in school when studying math or social sciences, focusing on the history of trade and the function of the national bank.

او همیشه اسکناس‌هایش را بر اساس ارزش آن‌ها مرتب می‌کند.
(He always organizes his banknotes based on their value.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing اسکناس with پول (pul). While all اسکناس is پول, not all پول is اسکناس. Using اسکناس when you mean 'money' in a general sense (like 'I don't have any money') sounds overly specific and unnatural. For instance, saying 'Man eskenās nadāram' implies you don't have paper bills, but you might have coins or money in the bank. If you want to say you are broke, stick to 'pul'.

Pluralization Errors: As mentioned, learners often add 'hā' when a number is present. 'Panj eskenāshā' is incorrect; the correct form is 'Panj eskenās'. The number already indicates plurality.

اشتباه: من سه اسکناس‌ها دارم. (غلط)
درست: من سه اسکناس دارم. (صحیح)
(Mistake: I have three banknotes [plural]. Correct: I have three banknote [singular form used with numbers].)

Another error involves the pronunciation. Some learners confuse it with 'eskān' (settlement/accommodation) due to the similar beginning. Ensure you emphasize the 'nās' at the end. Additionally, learners sometimes use the wrong classifier. While 'dāne' is acceptable, using 'barg' (leaf) is more idiomatic for paper items. Saying 'yek dāne eskenās' is okay, but 'yek barg eskenās' sounds more like a native speaker.

Currency Confusion: Learners often forget that the value written on the اسکناس is in Rial, but people talk in Toman. An اسکناس that says '100,000' is actually '10,000 Toman'. This isn't a linguistic mistake per se, but it's a common 'usage' mistake.

نباید اسکناس را با سکه اشتباه گرفت.
(One should not mistake a banknote for a coin.)

Finally, avoid using اسکناس in very informal slang where 'māye' or 'pool-mool' might be used. اسکناس is a bit too 'proper' for a street-slang conversation about being rich. Using it there might make you sound like a textbook or a bank official. Knowing the register of the word is just as important as knowing its definition. Use it in shops, banks, and news contexts, but switch to 'pul' for general social interactions.

Grammar: The 'Rā' Marker: When اسکناس is a specific object, don't forget the 'rā'. 'Eskenās-rā bedeh' (Give the banknote). Omitting 'rā' makes the sentence sound incomplete or generic.

او اسکناس را در جیبش گذاشت.
(He put the banknote in his pocket.)

While اسکناس is the most accurate term for a banknote, there are several related words you should know to enrich your Persian vocabulary. The most common alternative is پول کاغذی (pul-e kāghazi), which literally means 'paper money'. This is slightly more descriptive and is often used when explaining the concept to children or in very simple conversations. However, اسکناس remains the standard term.

اسکناس vs. پول (Pul): پول is the general term for money. Use it for wealth, payments, and costs. اسکناس is specifically the paper bill.
اسکناس vs. سکه (Sekke): سکه means coin. These are the two physical forms of cash. In modern Iran, coins have very low value compared to banknotes.

آیا شما اسکناس قبول می‌کنید یا فقط سکه؟
(Do you accept banknotes or only coins?)

In formal or legal contexts, you might encounter the word وجه (vajh) or وجوه (vojooh - plural). This means 'sum' or 'funds'. For example, 'vajh-e naghd' means 'cash'. While اسکناس refers to the physical object, vajh refers to the value or the amount of money. Another formal word is نقدینگی (naqdinegi), which means 'liquidity' or 'cash flow' in an economic sense.

اسکناس vs. چک (Check): A چک is a bank check. In Iran, 'Iran-Checks' (ایران‌چک) are very common and are effectively large-value banknotes issued by the central bank.

من ترجیح می‌دهم با اسکناس پرداخت کنم تا چک.
(I prefer to pay with banknotes rather than a check.)

Finally, consider the word ارز (arz), which means 'foreign currency'. When you go to a 'Sarrafi' (exchange office), you are exchanging your اسکناس of one currency for اسکناس of another. Learning these distinctions helps you move from a basic A2 level to a more nuanced B1/B2 level, where you can discuss finances with greater precision and confidence.

Formal vs. Informal: Formal: اسکناس (Eskenās). Informal: پول (Pul). Very Informal/Slang: مایه (Māye).

این اسکناس‌ها باید در گاوصندوق نگهداری شوند.
(These banknotes must be kept in a safe.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

Before the word 'eskenās' became popular, Iranians used the word 'Chao' (from Chinese) during the Mongol period for paper money, but it failed to gain lasting traction.

Guide de prononciation

UK /es.keˈnɒːs/

US /es.keˈnɑːs/

The primary stress is on the last syllable: es-ke-NĀS.

Rime avec

سپاس (sepās) حساس (hassās) لباس (lebās) تماس (tamās) ناسپاس (nāsepās) الماس (almās) هراس (harās) کالباس (kālbās)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing it as 'es-kān' (forgetting the final 's').
Using a short 'a' in the final syllable instead of the long 'ā'.
Confusing the 'e' sound in 'ke' with an 'i' sound.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

The word is phonetically regular and easy to recognize in text.

Écriture 3/5

Remembering the 's' at the end and the long 'ā' is key.

Expression orale 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward for English speakers.

Écoute 2/5

Commonly heard in markets and banks, making it easy to pick up.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

پول کاغذ بانک خریدن عدد

Apprends ensuite

تورم حساب بانکی صرافی ارز سرمایه

Avancé

نقدینگی پشتوانه انتشار جعل نوسان

Grammaire à connaître

Nouns after numbers are always singular.

سه اسکناس (Not: سه اسکناس‌ها)

The object marker 'rā' is used for specific banknotes.

اسکناس را روی میز گذاشتم.

Adjectives follow the noun with an Ezafe.

اسکناسِ نو

Plural 'hā' is used for general groups of banknotes.

اسکناس‌ها کثیف هستند.

Classifiers like 'barg' are used for counting paper.

پنج برگ اسکناس

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

Exemples par niveau

این یک اسکناس است.

This is a banknote.

Simple 'Subject + Verb' structure.

من اسکناس دارم.

I have a banknote.

Basic 'I have' construction.

اسکناس کجاست؟

Where is the banknote?

Interrogative sentence using 'where'.

آن اسکناس سبز است.

That banknote is green.

Using an adjective to describe the noun.

یک اسکناس روی میز است.

One banknote is on the table.

Prepositional phrase 'on the table'.

اسکناس را به من بده.

Give me the banknote.

Imperative with the object marker 'rā'.

این اسکناس نو است.

This banknote is new.

Descriptive sentence with 'now' (new).

اسکناس در کیف است.

The banknote is in the bag.

Prepositional phrase 'in the bag/wallet'.

من دو اسکناس ده هزار تومانی دارم.

I have two ten-thousand Toman banknotes.

Noun remains singular after a number.

آیا این اسکناس واقعی است؟

Is this banknote real?

Using 'vāghe'i' (real/authentic) as an adjective.

لطفاً اسکناس‌های مرا خرد کنید.

Please break my banknotes (into smaller change).

Plural 'hā' used when referring to a group of bills.

او اسکناس را در جیبش گذاشت.

He put the banknote in his pocket.

Simple past tense of 'gozāshtan' (to put).

این اسکناس خیلی کهنه است.

This banknote is very old/worn.

Using 'kohne' for old objects.

ما به اسکناس‌های بیشتری نیاز داریم.

We need more banknotes.

Comparative adjective 'bishtar' (more).

او یک دسته اسکناس پیدا کرد.

He found a wad of banknotes.

Collective noun 'daste' (bundle/wad).

اسکناس از دستش افتاد.

The banknote fell from his hand.

Intransitive verb 'oftādan' (to fall).

بانک مرکزی اعلام کرد که اسکناس‌های جدید چاپ خواهد کرد.

The Central Bank announced it will print new banknotes.

Future tense 'chāp khāhad kard'.

او با دقت اسکناس‌ها را شمرد تا مطمئن شود چیزی کم نیست.

He carefully counted the banknotes to be sure nothing was missing.

Compound sentence with 'tā' (so that).

بعضی از اسکناس‌های قدیمی دیگر در بازار اعتبار ندارند.

Some old banknotes are no longer valid in the market.

Using 'e'tebār dāshtan' (to be valid/have credit).

تشخیص اسکناس تقلبی از اصل گاهی بسیار دشوار است.

Distinguishing a fake banknote from an original one is sometimes very difficult.

Gerund construction 'tashkhis-e...' (distinguishing...).

او تمام اسکناس‌هایش را برای روز مبادا پس‌انداز کرد.

He saved all his banknotes for a rainy day.

Idiomatic phrase 'ruz-e mabādā' (rainy day).

در این مغازه، فقط اسکناس‌های درشت قبول می‌کنند.

In this shop, they only accept large banknotes.

Adjective 'drosht' (large/coarse) applied to money.

او یک اسکناس صد دلاری را با ریال تعویض کرد.

He exchanged a hundred-dollar banknote for Rials.

Verb 'ta'viz kardan' (to exchange).

اسکناس‌ها به دلیل تورم ارزش خود را از دست داده‌اند.

The banknotes have lost their value due to inflation.

Present perfect tense 'az dast dāde-and'.

طراحی روی اسکناس‌های ایرانی نشان‌دهنده فرهنگ و تاریخ کشور است.

The design on Iranian banknotes reflects the culture and history of the country.

Complex subject with 'neshān-dahande' (reflecting/showing).

دولت برای کنترل نقدینگی، جمع‌آوری اسکناس‌های فرسوده را آغاز کرد.

To control liquidity, the government began collecting worn-out banknotes.

Infinitive phrase for purpose 'barāye kontrol-e...'.

او مدعی شد که اسکناس را در خیابان پیدا کرده است، اما کسی باور نکرد.

He claimed he found the banknote in the street, but no one believed him.

Reported speech using 'modda'i shod' (claimed).

افزایش حجم اسکناس در گردش می‌تواند منجر به تورم بیشتر شود.

Increasing the volume of banknotes in circulation can lead to more inflation.

Modal verb 'tavānestan' (can) with 'monjar shodan' (lead to).

او با وسواس عجیبی اسکناس‌ها را بر اساس شماره سریال مرتب می‌کرد.

With a strange obsession, he organized the banknotes based on their serial numbers.

Adverbial phrase 'bā vasvās-e ajibi' (with a strange obsession).

برخی از کلکسیونرها مبالغ زیادی برای اسکناس‌های کمیاب می‌پردازند.

Some collectors pay large sums for rare banknotes.

Plural subject 'kolleksiyoner-hā'.

او متوجه شد که یکی از اسکناس‌ها دارای نقص چاپ است.

He noticed that one of the banknotes had a printing defect.

Noun phrase 'naghs-e chāp' (printing defect).

امنیت اسکناس‌ها با استفاده از تکنولوژی‌های جدید افزایش یافته است.

The security of banknotes has increased using new technologies.

Passive construction 'afzāyesh yāfte ast'.

گردش اسکناس در اقتصادهای سنتی همچنان نقش حیاتی ایفا می‌کند.

The circulation of banknotes continues to play a vital role in traditional economies.

Formal verb 'ifā kardan' (to play/perform a role).

پدیده جعل اسکناس تهدیدی جدی برای ثبات پولی هر کشوری محسوب می‌شود.

The phenomenon of banknote counterfeiting is considered a serious threat to the monetary stability of any country.

Passive 'mahsūb shodan' (to be considered).

تحلیل‌گران معتقدند که حذف صفر از اسکناس‌ها تأثیر روانی مثبتی خواهد داشت.

Analysts believe that removing zeros from banknotes will have a positive psychological impact.

Complex clause with 'mo'taghedand ke' (believe that).

او در مقاله خود به تاریخچه ورود اولین اسکناس‌ها به ایران در دوره قاجار پرداخت.

In his article, he addressed the history of the entry of the first banknotes into Iran during the Qajar era.

Verb 'pardākhtan' used here as 'to address/deal with'.

تمایل به استفاده از ارزهای دیجیتال ممکن است در آینده نیاز به اسکناس را به حداقل برساند.

The tendency to use digital currencies might minimize the need for banknotes in the future.

Subjunctive mood 'be hādd-e aqall berasānad'.

ضرورت تعویض اسکناس‌های فرسوده هزینه‌های گزافی را بر بانک مرکزی تحمیل می‌کند.

The necessity of replacing worn banknotes imposes exorbitant costs on the central bank.

Formal verb 'tahmil kardan' (to impose).

او با نگاهی موشکافانه، ویژگی‌های امنیتی اسکناس را مورد بررسی قرار داد.

With a scrutinizing look, he examined the security features of the banknote.

Formal construction 'mored-e barrasi gharār dād'.

توزیع ناعادلانه اسکناس در مناطق مختلف می‌تواند منجر به شکاف طبقاتی شود.

The unequal distribution of banknotes in different regions can lead to a class gap.

Abstract noun 'shekāf-e tabaghāti' (class gap).

پیچیدگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی کاغذ اسکناس، سدی محکم در برابر جاعلان است.

The physical and chemical complexities of banknote paper are a strong barrier against counterfeiters.

Metaphorical use of 'sadd-e mohkam' (strong barrier).

سیاست‌های انقباضی دولت شامل کاهش سرعت چاپ اسکناس برای مهار تورم لجام‌گسیخته بود.

The government's contractionary policies included slowing down the printing of banknotes to curb runaway inflation.

Technical economic term 'siyāsat-hā-ye enqibāzi'.

او در رساله دکتری خود به بررسی نمادشناسی تصاویر حک شده بر اسکناس‌های عصر پهلوی پرداخت.

In his doctoral thesis, he examined the semiotics of the images engraved on Pahlavi-era banknotes.

Specialized term 'namād-shenāsi' (semiotics/symbology).

انقضای اعتبار یک نوع اسکناس خاص، موجی از نگرانی را در میان اقشار کم‌درآمد برانگیخت.

The expiration of the validity of a specific type of banknote sparked a wave of concern among low-income groups.

Evocative verb 'bar-angikht' (sparked/aroused).

تلاقی هنر گرافیک و امنیت پولی در طراحی اسکناس‌های مدرن به اوج خود رسیده است.

The intersection of graphic art and monetary security has reached its peak in modern banknote design.

Abstract concept 'talāqi' (intersection/meeting point).

برخی اقتصاددانان استدلال می‌کنند که اسکناس فیزیکی در حال تبدیل شدن به یک نوستالژی تاریخی است.

Some economists argue that physical banknotes are becoming a historical nostalgia.

Continuous aspect 'dar hāl-e tabdil shodan'.

حذف تدریجی اسکناس از چرخه مبادلات، چالش‌های اخلاقی و حریم خصوصی جدیدی را مطرح می‌کند.

The gradual removal of banknotes from the exchange cycle raises new ethical and privacy challenges.

Formal verb 'matrah kardan' (to raise/propose).

او با مهارتی بی‌نظیر، تفاوت‌های ظریف در بافت اسکناس‌های دوره‌های مختلف را تشریح کرد.

With unparalleled skill, he explained the subtle differences in the texture of banknotes from different periods.

Adverbial phrase 'bā mahārati bi-nazir' (with unparalleled skill).

Synonymes

پول کاغذی وجه نقدینه پول برات بیجک ارز تومانی

Antonymes

سکه کارت اعتباری پول دیجیتال قرض

Collocations courantes

چاپ اسکناس

اسکناس نو

اسکناس تقلبی

اسکناس درشت

اسکناس خرد

بسته اسکناس

شماره سریال اسکناس

اسکناس فرسوده

طراحی اسکناس

جعل اسکناس

Phrases Courantes

اسکناس تا نشده

— Literally 'unfolded banknote'. Refers to a crisp, brand new bill, usually given as a gift.

او به من یک اسکناس تا نشده عیدی داد.

دسته اسکناس

— A wad or stack of banknotes. Implies a large amount of cash.

او با یک دسته اسکناس وارد مغازه شد.

اسکناس جعلی

— Another term for a counterfeit banknote. Used interchangeably with 'taghallobi'.

مواظب باش اسکناس جعلی بهت ندهند.

اسکناس بی‌پشتوانه

— Banknotes printed without gold or foreign reserves to back them. An economic term.

چاپ اسکناس بی‌پشتوانه خطرناک است.

اسکناس یادگاری

— A commemorative banknote issued for a special event.

این یک اسکناس یادگاری از زمان قدیم است.

یک برگ اسکناس

— One single banknote. 'Barg' is the idiomatic classifier for paper.

فقط یک برگ اسکناس در کیفم بود.

اسکناس‌های رنگارنگ

— Colorful banknotes. Often used descriptively in literature.

او به اسکناس‌های رنگارنگ توی کشو نگاه کرد.

خرد کردن اسکناس

— To break a large banknote into smaller denominations.

می‌توانید این اسکناس را برای من خرد کنید؟

پشت و روی اسکناس

— The front and back sides of a banknote.

پشت و روی اسکناس طرح‌های متفاوتی دارد.

اسکناس‌های رایج

— Banknotes currently in circulation.

این‌ها اسکناس‌های رایج مملکت هستند.

Souvent confondu avec

اسکناس vs اسکان

Means 'settlement' or 'accommodation'. Sounds similar but has a completely different meaning.

اسکناس vs استیناف

A legal term for 'appeal'. Only similar in the very first sound, but beginners might mix them up.

اسکناس vs انعکاس

Means 'reflection'. The 'kās' ending is similar, but the meaning is unrelated.

Expressions idiomatiques

"اسکناس شمردن"

— To count banknotes. Can metaphorically mean being wealthy or being stingy with money.

او تمام روز نشسته و دارد اسکناس می‌شمارد.

Informal

"بوی اسکناس نو دادن"

— To smell of new banknotes. Used to describe someone who has recently come into money.

انگار جیب‌هایش بوی اسکناس نو می‌دهد.

Slang

"اسکناس لای قرآن گذاشتن"

— A tradition of placing money inside a Quran to give as a blessed gift (Eidi).

مادربزرگ همیشه اسکناس‌ها را لای قرآن می‌گذاشت.

Cultural

"روی اسکناس خوابیدن"

— To sleep on banknotes. Means to be extremely wealthy.

فکر کردی من روی اسکناس خوابیده‌ام؟

Informal

"مثل اسکناس نو"

— Like a new banknote. Describes something very clean, fresh, or perfect.

ماشینش را شسته و حالا مثل اسکناس نو می‌درخشد.

Informal

"دنبال اسکناس دویدن"

— To run after banknotes. Means to be constantly chasing money or working too hard for it.

خسته شدم از بس دنبال اسکناس دویدم.

Informal

"اسکناس پارو کردن"

— To shovel banknotes. Means to earn a vast amount of money very easily.

او با این شغل جدیدش دارد اسکناس پارو می‌کند.

Slang

"اسکناس خرد کردن"

— To spend money in small amounts, often implying that the money disappears quickly.

پول‌هایم را همه‌اش اسکناس خرد کردم و رفت.

Informal

"اسکناس لوله کردن"

— To roll up a banknote. Often associated with illicit activities or just a way of carrying it.

او یک اسکناس لوله شده در دست داشت.

Neutral

"قاب کردن اسکناس"

— To frame a banknote. Usually the first dollar/toman earned in a new business.

اولین اسکناسی را که کاسبی کرد، قاب کرد و به دیوار زد.

Neutral

Facile à confondre

اسکناس vs پول

Both refer to money.

'Pul' is general; 'Eskenās' is specifically paper bills. You can have 'pul' in your bank account, but 'eskenās' must be physical.

من پول دارم ولی اسکناس همراه ندارم.

اسکناس vs سکه

Both are physical cash.

'Sekke' is metal; 'Eskenās' is paper. In Iran, 'eskenās' is usually much more valuable.

این دستگاه فقط سکه قبول می‌کند، نه اسکناس.

اسکناس vs چک

Both are paper documents with value.

A 'check' is a promise to pay from a bank account; an 'eskenās' is the currency itself.

او برای خرید ماشین چک داد، نه اسکناس.

اسکناس vs ارز

Both are types of money used in trade.

'Arz' refers specifically to foreign currency (like Dollars or Euros), while 'eskenās' is the physical form of any currency.

او اسکناس‌های ارز خود را در گاوصندوق گذاشت.

اسکناس vs قبض

Both are small pieces of paper related to money.

A 'ghabz' is a bill you have to pay (like electricity); an 'eskenās' is what you use to pay it.

او با دو اسکناس ده تومانی، قبض آب را پرداخت.

Structures de phrases

این [اسکناس] است.

این اسکناس است.

من [عدد] [اسکناس] دارم.

من دو اسکناس دارم.

این [اسکناس] [صفت] است.

این اسکناس نو است.

او [اسکناس] را به [شخص] داد.

او اسکناس را به فروشنده داد.

من باید [اسکناس] را [فعل].

من باید اسکناس را خرد کنم.

به دلیل [اسم]، [اسکناس] [فعل].

به دلیل تورم، اسکناس ارزشش را از دست داد.

[اسم] نشان‌دهنده [اسم] روی [اسکناس] است.

تصویر کوه نشان‌دهنده طبیعت روی اسکناس است.

حذف [اسم] از [اسکناس] منجر به [اسم] شد.

حذف صفر از اسکناس منجر به سهولت مبادلات شد.

Famille de mots

Noms

اسکناس‌شمار (banknote counter machine)

اسکناس‌بند (banknote wrapper/band)

Apparenté

پول (money)

بانک (bank)

نقد (cash)

سکه (coin)

ارز (currency)

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour voir tous les exemples

Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very high in daily speech and media.

Erreurs courantes

Using 'eskenās' for coins. → سکه (Sekke)
Learners often use 'eskenās' as a general word for all physical money, but it only applies to paper.
Saying 'Dah eskenāshā'. → ده اسکناس (Dah eskenās)
In Persian, nouns are not pluralized after a number.
Pronouncing it 'eskān'. → اسکناس (eskenās)
Missing the last syllable changes the word to 'accommodation'.
Using 'eskenās' when talking about a bank balance. → موجودی (Mojoodi) or پول (Pul)
'Eskenās' is only for physical paper bills.
Forgetting the Ezafe in 'eskenās-e now'. → اسکناسِ نو
Adjectives must be connected to the noun with the short 'e' sound.

Astuces

Numbers and Nouns

Always keep 'eskenās' singular after a number. Say 'panj eskenās', never 'panj eskenāshā'. This is a very common mistake for English speakers.

Eidi Tradition

If you are in Iran during Nowruz, try to get 'eskenās-e now' from a bank to give as gifts. It shows you understand and respect the local culture.

Precision

Use 'eskenās' when you want to be specific about physical bills. Use 'pul' when you are talking about money as a concept or wealth.

Long Vowels

Focus on the long 'ā' in the last syllable. It should sound like the 'a' in 'father'. A short 'a' will make the word sound incorrect.

Handling Money

When paying, it's polite to hand the 'eskenās' over with your right hand or both hands as a sign of respect.

Iran-Checks

Don't be confused by 'Iran-Checks'. They are technically large banknotes (eskenās) even though they have 'check' in their name.

Checking for Fakes

When receiving large 'eskenās', it is socially acceptable to quickly check the watermark or security thread.

Asking for Change

Use the phrase 'Eskenās-e khord dārid?' if you need smaller bills for a taxi or a small purchase.

Russian Roots

Remembering that the word comes from Russian 'assignatsiya' can help you remember the 'es-ke-nās' structure.

The Ezafe

When describing a banknote (e.g., 'the green banknote'), always use the Ezafe: 'eskenās-e sabz'.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of an 'ESKimo' who needs 'NASty' cold cash (banknotes) to buy a heater. ESK-e-NAS.

Association visuelle

Imagine a crisp green banknote with a giant 'S' (for Eskenās) printed on it, peeking out of a wallet.

Word Web

Bank Wallet Paper Buy ATM Cash Toman Rial

Défi

Try to find five different Iranian banknotes online and name their colors using the word 'اسکناس' in a sentence for each.

Origine du mot

The word entered the Persian language in the 19th century from the Russian word 'assignatsiya'. This occurred during a period of significant Russian influence in Iran.

Sens originel : In Russian, it referred to the 'assignat', a type of paper money issued during the French Revolution.

Indo-European (via Russian and French).

Contexte culturel

Always handle money with respect in Iran. It is considered impolite to toss banknotes; they should be handed over directly or placed on a counter.

In English, we often say 'bill' or 'note'. 'Banknote' is slightly more formal, just like 'eskenās' is in Persian compared to 'pul'.

The 'Chao' mentioned in history books as the first failed paper money. Images of Mount Damavand on various banknotes. The 100,000 Rial note featuring Saadi's tomb.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At the Bank

واریز اسکناس
دریافت اسکناس
اسکناس نو می‌خواهم
دستگاه اسکناس‌شمار

Shopping

اسکناس خرد دارید؟
ببخشید، اسکناس درشت ندارم
این اسکناس پاره است
باقی پول را با اسکناس بدهید

Taxi

اسکناس ده تومانی
پول خرد ندارم، فقط اسکناس دارم
اسکناس را بگیرید
چقدر اسکناس بدهم؟

Holiday (Nowruz)

اسکناس عیدی
اسکناس تا نشده
بسته اسکناس نو
اسکناس لای قرآن

Economic Discussion

چاپ بی رویه اسکناس
ارزش اسکناس
جمع‌آوری اسکناس
حذف صفر از اسکناس

Amorces de conversation

"آیا هنوز از اسکناس استفاده می‌کنید یا بیشتر کارت می‌کشید؟"

"زیباترین اسکناسی که تا به حال دیده‌اید کدام است؟"

"در کشور شما، بزرگترین اسکناس چقدر ارزش دارد؟"

"آیا ترجیح می‌دهید اسکناس نو داشته باشید یا برایتان فرقی نمی‌کند؟"

"به نظر شما در آینده اسکناس‌ها کاملاً حذف می‌شوند؟"

Sujets d'écriture

خاطره‌ای را بنویسید که در آن یک اسکناس پیدا کردید یا گم کردید.

درباره تفاوت‌های استفاده از اسکناس و کارت اعتباری در زندگی روزمره خود بنویسید.

اگر می‌توانستید طرح یک اسکناس جدید را بکشید، چه تصویری روی آن می‌گذاشتید؟

چرا در فرهنگ ایرانی، دادن اسکناس نو به عنوان عیدی مهم است؟

تجربه خود را از اولین باری که با اسکناس‌های ایرانی خرید کردید توصیف کنید.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, 'eskenās' refers exclusively to paper money. For coins, you must use the word 'sekke'. Using 'eskenās' for a coin would be a mistake.

You can say 'yek daste eskenās'. 'Daste' is the common word for a bundle or stack of paper bills.

It is neutral to formal. While people use it in daily life, 'pul' is more common in very casual conversations. You will always hear 'eskenās' in banks and on the news.

Yes, you can say 'eskenās-e dollār'. It refers to the physical paper note of any currency.

It means 'counterfeit banknote'. 'Jā'ali' or 'taghallobi' are the adjectives used for fake money.

'Barg' means 'leaf' or 'sheet'. Since banknotes are made of paper, 'barg' is the appropriate classifier, e.g., 'dah barg eskenās' (ten banknotes).

Yes, 'eskenās-hā'. However, remember not to use the plural form if a number is present before the word.

It means 'small change' or 'small denominations'. You use this when you don't want large bills.

The phrase is 'chāp-e eskenās'. 'Chāp' means printing.

In Afghanistan (Dari), they also use 'eskenās' or 'pul-e kāghazi'. In Tajikistan, they might use 'banknota' due to Russian influence, but 'pul' is universal.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour les astuces et notes