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B1 noun #4,500 le plus courant 11 min de lecture

چرخ دستی

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces چرخ دستی en 30 secondes
Explication چرخ دستی in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'charkh-e dasti' means 'shopping cart'. It is a compound word made of 'charkh' (wheel) and 'dasti' (hand). You might use it in a simple sentence like 'I have a cart.' It is an important word for basic survival when you go to a supermarket in Iran. You don't need to worry about complex grammar; just remember that it is the big thing with wheels that you use to buy food. You can point to it and say 'In charkh-e dasti ast' (This is a shopping cart). Learning this word helps you feel more confident in a store because you know what to ask for if you can't find one. It is a very concrete and easy-to-visualize noun, making it perfect for beginners. Always remember it has two parts, and the first part means 'wheel'. If you see wheels on something you push, it might be a 'charkh-e dasti'.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'charkh-e dasti' in basic interactions. You should be able to ask where the carts are: 'Charkh-e dasti koja-st?' You can also use simple adjectives with it, like 'bozorg' (big) or 'koochak' (small). At this level, you are learning how to combine nouns with verbs like 'bardashtan' (to take). For example, 'Man yek charkh-e dasti bardashtam' (I took a cart). You might also use it at the airport to talk about your luggage. It is helpful to know that 'dasti' comes from 'dast' (hand), which helps you remember that this is something you move with your hands. You should also be able to distinguish it from 'sabad' (basket). If you have many things to buy, you need a 'charkh-e dasti'. If you have only a few things, you need a 'sabad'. This distinction is important for functional communication in a retail environment.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'charkh-e dasti' in various contexts beyond just shopping. You can describe problems with the cart, such as 'One of the wheels is broken' (Yeki az charkh-hayash kharab ast). You can use it in the 'ezafe' construction correctly, ensuring the connection between 'charkh' and 'dasti' is pronounced. You should also understand its role in different settings, like construction (as a cart/wheelbarrow) or at home (for moving heavy items). At this level, you can handle more complex sentences like 'I put all the heavy bags in the cart so my back wouldn't hurt.' You are also becoming aware of cultural nuances, such as where to leave the cart after shopping in an Iranian supermarket. You can use the word in the plural form 'charkh-e dasti-ha' and understand when someone uses it colloquially as just 'charkh'.
At the B2 level, you can use 'charkh-e dasti' more fluently and understand its technical or industrial applications. You might use it in a professional context, such as discussing warehouse logistics or retail management. You are familiar with synonyms like 'arabe-ye kharid' (shopping carriage) and 'trolley' and know when to use each. You can describe the mechanics of the cart using specific vocabulary like 'dasteh' (handle) or 'mehvar' (axle). At this level, you can also understand more complex instructions or announcements involving the word. For example, 'Carts must not be taken beyond the yellow line.' You can also use the word in more abstract or metaphorical ways in storytelling. Your pronunciation should be natural, including the subtle 'ezafe' and the correct stress on the syllables. You are also aware of the historical evolution of the word from traditional bazaar tools to modern hypermarket equipment.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'charkh-e dasti' is sophisticated. You can discuss the socio-economic implications of the rise of hypermarkets in Iran and how the 'charkh-e dasti' represents a shift in consumer behavior. You are comfortable with literary or archaic alternatives and can use them for stylistic effect. You can engage in detailed technical discussions about the design or ergonomics of manual carts. You understand the word's place within the broader 'charkh' word family and can effortlessly switch between 'charkh-e dasti', 'charkh-e goosht', and 'charkh-e khayati' without hesitation. Your use of the word in idiomatic or creative contexts is natural. You might even discuss the etymological roots of 'charkh' back to Proto-Indo-European and its cognates in other languages like English 'circle'. You have a deep appreciation for how such a simple word reflects the daily life and technological progress of Persian-speaking societies.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over the word 'charkh-e dasti' and all its nuances. You can use it in any register, from the most informal slang to highly technical or academic discourse. You are aware of regional dialectal variations across Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. You can write eloquent essays or give presentations that involve the history of manual transport in the Middle East, using 'charkh-e dasti' as a key term. You can detect subtle puns or wordplay involving 'charkh' in Persian poetry or modern literature. Your pronunciation is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the most subtle intonations. You can explain the word to others with deep historical and cultural context, making connections that even many native speakers might not consciously realize. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a versatile tool in your extensive linguistic repertoire.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

چرخ دستی en 30 secondes

  • چرخ دستی (Charkh-e dasti) means shopping cart or handcart. It is a vital word for daily tasks like grocery shopping or airport travel.
  • The word is a compound: 'Charkh' (wheel) + 'Dasti' (manual/hand). It emphasizes that the device is wheeled but human-powered.
  • Commonly used with verbs like 'hol dadan' (to push) and 'bardashtan' (to take). It is found in supermarkets, airports, and construction sites.
  • It differs from 'sabad' (basket) because it has wheels. In modern contexts, it represents the shift to large-scale retail in Persian-speaking countries.

The Persian term چرخ دستی (pronounced 'charkh-e dasti') is a compound noun that literally translates to 'hand wheel' or 'manual wheel.' In modern Persian, its primary and most common meaning is a shopping cart or grocery trolley. However, the term is versatile and encompasses various types of manual carts, including luggage trolleys at airports, wheelbarrows on construction sites, and even small utility carts used in warehouses. Understanding this word is essential for navigating daily life in Iran or any Persian-speaking community, as it is the standard way to refer to the essential tool used for transporting goods over short distances. Whether you are at a large hypermarket like Hyperstar in Tehran or a smaller local supermarket, the charkh-e dasti is your primary companion for gathering items.

Etymology and Structure
The word is composed of 'Charkh' (wheel/cycle) and 'Dasti' (of the hand/manual). It reflects the mechanical nature of the object—a device that utilizes wheels but is powered or directed by the human hand.

Historically, the concept of manual carts in Persian culture has evolved. In traditional bazaars, you might see a 'gari' (a larger, often wooden cart) pushed by a 'barbar' (porter). However, 'charkh-e dasti' specifically evokes the image of the modern, metal or plastic cart with four swivel wheels. The use of this term has surged with the Westernization of retail spaces in the Middle East, replacing the traditional hand-carried basket ('sabad') for larger shopping trips. It signifies a transition from small-scale daily shopping to the bulk-buying habits seen in contemporary urban centers.

ببخشید، چرخ دستی‌ ها کجا هستند؟ (Excuse me, where are the shopping carts?)

Beyond shopping, the term is used in logistics. If you are at the Imam Khomeini International Airport, you will look for a 'charkh-e dasti' to move your suitcases. In this context, it is synonymous with 'bar-bar' (luggage carrier). The beauty of the term lies in its descriptive simplicity; if it has wheels and you move it with your hands, it is likely a 'charkh-e dasti'. This makes it a high-utility word for B1 learners who are moving beyond basic survival Persian into functional daily interactions.

Physical Components
A typical charkh-e dasti consists of 'dasteh' (handle), 'charkh-ha' (wheels), and 'mohafazeh' or 'sabad' (the basket area).

این چرخ دستی یکی از چرخ‌هایش خراب است. (One of the wheels of this cart is broken.)

When using this word, pay attention to the 'ezafe' construction. While 'charkh-e dasti' is a compound, in fast speech, the 'e' sound connecting the two words might be subtle, but it is grammatically necessary. It distinguishes the manual cart from other types of 'charkh' such as 'charkh-e khayati' (sewing machine) or 'charkh-e falak' (Ferris wheel). This specificity helps avoid confusion in busy environments.

Using چرخ دستی in sentences requires an understanding of common verbs associated with movement and retail. The most common verb paired with it is 'bardashtan' (to pick up/take). For example, when entering a store, you might say, 'Man yek charkh-e dasti bardashtam' (I took a shopping cart). Another essential verb is 'hol dadan' (to push). Because carts are manual, the action of pushing is central to their use. 'Charkh-e dasti ra hol bede' (Push the cart) is a simple command you might hear or use. Conversely, 'keshidan' (to pull) is used if you are dragging a two-wheeled version behind you.

Common Verb Pairings
Bardashtan (to take), Hol dadan (to push), Por kardan (to fill), Khali kardan (to empty).

In more complex scenarios, you might need to describe the state of the cart. Persian adjectives follow the noun. So, 'charkh-e dasti-ye sangin' means a heavy cart, while 'charkh-e dasti-ye khali' means an empty one. If you are at a crowded market, you might need to ask someone to move their cart: 'Lotfan charkh-e dasti-ye khod ra kenar bekeshid' (Please pull your cart to the side). This level of sentence construction is vital for polite social navigation.

من تمام خریدهایم را در چرخ دستی گذاشتم. (I put all my purchases in the cart.)

Another interesting usage involves the plural form. In Persian, you can say 'charkh-e dasti-ha' or 'charkh-ha-ye dasti'. The former is more common in colloquial speech. For instance, 'Hame-ye charkh-e dasti-ha mashghool hastand' (All the carts are busy/taken). This is a common frustration in busy shopping malls on Friday afternoons in Iran. You might also encounter the diminutive or specific forms in different dialects, but the standard 'charkh-e dasti' will serve you perfectly in any formal or informal setting.

Prepositional Usage
'Dar' (In) and 'Ba' (With) are the most frequent prepositions. 'Ba charkh-e dasti amadan' (To come with a cart) or 'Dar charkh-e dasti gozashtan' (To put in the cart).

آیا می‌توانم این چرخ دستی را تا پارکینگ ببرم؟ (Can I take this cart to the parking lot?)

For advanced usage, consider the metaphorical or technical contexts. In a warehouse setting, a 'charkh-e dasti' might refer to a pallet jack or a heavy-duty dolly. If you are describing a DIY project, you might say 'Man yek charkh-e dasti-ye koochak baraye baqcheh sakhtam' (I built a small handcart for the garden). The term's flexibility is its strength, allowing it to adapt to various sizes and functions of manual wheeled transport.

In the modern Iranian landscape, the term چرخ دستی is ubiquitous. You will hear it most frequently in large retail environments. When you enter a 'forushgah-e zanjireyi' (chain store) like Shahrvand or Refah, the security guard or a greeter might point you toward them. Announcements over the loudspeaker might mention them: 'Moshtariyan-e gerami, lotfan charkh-e dasti-ha-ye khod ra dar mahl-e moshakhas shodeh gharar dehid' (Dear customers, please place your carts in the designated areas). This is a standard part of the modern Persian shopping soundscape.

Retail Environments
Supermarkets, Hypermarkets, Department stores, Home improvement centers.

At airports, the context shifts slightly. You will hear travelers asking each other, 'Charkh-e dasti koja peyda mishe?' (Where can a cart be found?). Here, the word is synonymous with 'luggage trolley.' Because airport carts often require a coin or a card in some countries, you might hear discussions about the 'ghofl' (lock) of the 'charkh-e dasti'. In Iran, however, they are usually free and scattered near the entrance and baggage claim areas. The sound of dozens of these carts rattling over tiles is a quintessential 'travel sound' in Persian culture.

صدای ناهنجار چرخ دستی در کل فروشگاه می‌پیچید. (The harsh sound of the cart echoed throughout the store.)

In residential life, especially in apartment complexes ('mojtame-ha-ye maskuni'), 'charkh-e dasti' refers to the shared utility carts kept in the lobby or parking garage. Residents use these to transport heavy groceries from their cars to the elevator. You might hear a neighbor ask, 'Agha-ye Ahmadi, charkh-e dasti ra shoma bardashtid?' (Mr. Ahmadi, did you take the cart?). This usage highlights the community aspect of shared resources in Iranian urban living.

Logistics and Industry
Warehouses, construction sites, and even hospitals (for moving supplies) frequently utilize this term.

کارگر ساختمان ماسه‌ها را با چرخ دستی جابجا کرد. (The construction worker moved the sand with a wheelbarrow/cart.)

Finally, you might hear it in the context of street vendors. While many use 'gari', some modern vendors use modified 'charkh-e dasti' to sell everything from 'laboo' (steamed beets) to 'baqali' (fava beans) in the winter. While the device might look different, the name remains a testament to the simplicity of a wheel and a hand. Hearing this word in the crisp air of a Tehran evening, accompanied by the steam of hot food, adds a layer of sensory richness to its meaning.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with چرخ دستی is confusing it with other 'charkh' compounds. Persian uses 'charkh' (wheel) for many mechanical devices. A common error is saying 'charkh-e dasti' when you mean 'charkh-e khayati' (sewing machine) or 'charkh-e goosht' (meat grinder). While all involve wheels or gears, their functions are entirely different. Remember: if you can't push it across a floor to carry things, it's probably not a 'charkh-e dasti'.

Confusion with 'Sabad'
Learners often use 'sabad' (basket) and 'charkh-e dasti' (cart) interchangeably. While both are used for shopping, a 'sabad' is carried by the handle, whereas a 'charkh-e dasti' is rolled.

Another mistake involves the 'Ezafe'. Some learners forget the short 'e' sound (the kasra) between 'charkh' and 'dasti'. Saying 'charkh dasti' without the connection can sound abrupt and non-native. In written Persian, this is often not shown with a symbol, but it must be pronounced. Furthermore, when adding a possessive suffix, like 'my cart', it becomes 'charkh-e dasti-yam'. Beginners often struggle with where to place the 'y' and the suffix in compound nouns.

Incorrect: من یک چرخ برای خرید می‌خواهم. (I want a wheel for shopping.) - Correct: من یک چرخ دستی می‌خواهم.

Gender and number agreement (though Persian doesn't have grammatical gender) can lead to 'number' mistakes. For example, using the singular 'charkh-e dasti' when referring to a row of them. Also, learners sometimes confuse 'charkh-e dasti' with 'gari'. While 'gari' can mean cart, it often implies a more primitive, larger, or horse-drawn wagon. Using 'gari' in a modern supermarket like 'Hyperstar' might sound slightly archaic or humorous to native speakers.

Pronunciation Pitfalls
Avoid over-emphasizing the 'kh' in 'charkh' to the point of sounding harsh, but don't turn it into a 'k' (cark) either. It should be a soft, breathy velar fricative.

Incorrect: چرخ دستی را بکش! (Pull the cart!) - Note: While possible, 'hol bede' (push) is much more common for shopping carts.

Lastly, don't confuse 'dasti' (manual) with 'dast-e dovom' (second-hand). While they share the root 'dast' (hand), they are unrelated in meaning. A 'charkh-e dasti' is a specific tool, not a 'second-hand wheel'. Keeping these distinctions clear will help you sound more like a B1-level speaker and less like a beginner struggling with basic vocabulary.

While چرخ دستی is the standard term, Persian offers several alternatives depending on the context and the specific object you are referring to. Understanding these nuances is a hallmark of the B1 level. The most common alternative in a retail setting is سد خرید (sabad-e kharid), which means 'shopping basket.' While a cart has wheels, a basket is usually carried. However, in many online shopping interfaces in Iran (like Digikala), 'sabad-e kharid' is the term used for your 'virtual cart,' even if it shows an icon of a 'charkh-e dasti'.

Comparison Table
  • Charkh-e dasti: Large, wheeled, for big grocery trips.
  • Sabad-e kharid: Small, handheld, for quick trips.
  • Gari: Larger, often flatbed, used for heavy loads or in bazaars.
  • Trolley: Loanword used specifically in high-end hotels or airports.

Another word you might encounter is باربر (bar-bar). While this usually refers to the person who carries the load (a porter), it is sometimes used metonymically to refer to the luggage cart itself at airports. If you are in a more industrial or construction context, the word فرغون (ferghoon) is the specific term for a wheelbarrow. While a wheelbarrow is technically a 'charkh-e dasti' (a manual wheel), calling it a 'ferghoon' shows a much higher level of vocabulary and technical accuracy.

آیا باید از سد خرید استفاده کنم یا چرخ دستی؟ (Should I use a shopping basket or a cart?)

In colloquial Tehran dialect, some people might simply refer to it as the 'charkh' (the wheel). For example, 'Charkh ra biar' (Bring the wheel). This is highly informal and usually used within families or between close colleagues. However, in a formal writing or a news report about retail trends, only 'charkh-e dasti' or 'arabe-ye kharid' (a more formal/literary term for a shopping carriage) would be used. 'Arabe' is a beautiful, older word that usually refers to a chariot or carriage, but in modern retail terminology, it can appear on official signs.

Synonyms by Context
For shopping: Sabad-e kharid, Arabe-ye kharid. For luggage: Trolley, Bar-bar. For construction: Ferghoon, Gari.

او بارهایش را با گاری در بازار جابجا می‌کند. (He moves his loads with a cart/wagon in the bazaar.)

Understanding these alternatives allows you to tailor your speech to your surroundings. Use 'charkh-e dasti' as your default, but keep 'sabad' for small items and 'ferghoon' for the garden. This nuanced approach will significantly enhance your communicative competence in Persian-speaking environments.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The word 'Charkh' is one of the oldest words in the Persian language and has remained remarkably stable in its meaning for thousands of years, even as the technology it describes (from wooden wheels to ball-bearing casters) has changed radically.

Guide de prononciation

UK /tʃærx e dæstiː/
US /tʃærx eɪ dæstiː/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of 'dasti' (ti), while a secondary stress is on 'charkh'.
Rime avec
بستی (Basti - you closed) هستی (Hasti - you are/existence) مستی (Masti - drunkenness) دستی (Dasti - manual) پستی (Posti - postal) رستی (Rasti - you were saved) گسستی (Gosasti - you broke) نشستی (Neshasti - you sat)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing 'charkh' as 'chark' (ignoring the 'h').
  • Forgetting the 'ezafe' link between the two words.
  • Pronouncing 'dasti' with a short 'i' like 'it' instead of a long 'ee' like 'eat'.
  • Over-stressing the first syllable.
  • Making the 'r' in 'charkh' too American (rhotic); it should be a flap or slight trill.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Easy to recognize as it consists of two common words.

Écriture 3/5

Requires remembering the 'che' and 'kh' and the 'dasti' spelling.

Expression orale 2/5

Simple pronunciation, but requires the 'ezafe' link.

Écoute 2/5

Very common in public spaces, easy to catch.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

چرخ (Wheel) دست (Hand) خرید (Purchase/Shopping) فروشگاه (Store)

Apprends ensuite

صندوق (Checkout) رسید (Receipt) تخفیف (Discount) قفسه (Shelf)

Avancé

لجستیک (Logistics) حمل و نقل (Transportation) ارگونومی (Ergonomics) مکانیزه (Mechanized)

Grammaire à connaître

The Ezafe Construction

چرخِ دستی (The 'e' links the noun to its attribute).

Compound Noun Pluralization

چرخ دستی‌ها (Add 'ha' to the end of the whole compound).

Adjective Placement

چرخ دستیِ بزرگ (Adjective follows the entire compound noun).

Possessive Suffixes with Compounds

چرخ دستی‌ام (The 'am' attaches to the end).

Object Marker 'ra'

چرخ دستی را بیاور (Use 'ra' when the cart is the specific direct object).

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Exemples par niveau

1

این چرخ دستی است.

This is a shopping cart.

Simple 'Subject + Noun + Verb' structure.

2

من چرخ دستی دارم.

I have a shopping cart.

Uses the verb 'dashtan' (to have).

3

چرخ دستی کجاست؟

Where is the shopping cart?

Basic question word 'koja' (where).

4

یک چرخ دستی بیاور.

Bring a shopping cart.

Imperative form of 'avardan' (to bring).

5

چرخ دستی کوچک است.

The shopping cart is small.

Simple adjective use.

6

او چرخ دستی می‌خواهد.

He/She wants a shopping cart.

Present tense of 'khastan' (to want).

7

چرخ دستی آبی است.

The shopping cart is blue.

Color adjective.

8

دو چرخ دستی اینجا هست.

There are two shopping carts here.

Plurality and existence.

1

لطفاً یک چرخ دستی به من بدهید.

Please give me a shopping cart.

Polite imperative.

2

من خریدهایم را در چرخ دستی گذاشتم.

I put my purchases in the shopping cart.

Past tense of 'gozashtan' (to put).

3

آیا این چرخ دستی خالی است؟

Is this shopping cart empty?

Yes/No question with 'aya'.

4

چرخ دستی را تا ماشین ببر.

Take the cart to the car.

Preposition 'ta' (until/to).

5

ما به یک چرخ دستی بزرگ نیاز داریم.

We need a large shopping cart.

Verb 'niyaz dashtan' (to need).

6

چرخ دستی سنگین شده است.

The cart has become heavy.

Present perfect tense.

7

او چرخ دستی را هل می‌دهد.

He is pushing the shopping cart.

Present continuous sense.

8

چرخ دستی‌ها در ورودی فروشگاه هستند.

The carts are at the store entrance.

Plural noun with 'ha'.

1

چرخ دستی یکی از چرخ‌هایش می‌چرخد و حرکت را سخت می‌کند.

One of the cart's wheels spins and makes movement difficult.

Relative clause and complex predicate.

2

قبل از ورود به فروشگاه، باید یک سکه در چرخ دستی بگذارید.

Before entering the store, you must put a coin in the cart.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must).

3

او بارهای سنگین را با چرخ دستی به انبار برد.

He took the heavy loads to the warehouse with a handcart.

Use of 'ba' (with) as an instrumental preposition.

4

اگر چرخ دستی نباشد، خرید کردن خیلی دشوار می‌شود.

If there is no cart, shopping becomes very difficult.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

5

این چرخ دستی برای جابجایی گلدان‌ها در باغچه عالی است.

This handcart is excellent for moving flower pots in the garden.

Purpose clause with 'baraye'.

6

لطفاً چرخ دستی را در جای خودش قرار دهید تا مزاحم دیگران نشود.

Please place the cart in its place so it doesn't bother others.

Subjunctive mood in the second clause.

7

من ترجیح می‌دهم از چرخ دستی استفاده کنم چون کمردرد دارم.

I prefer to use a cart because I have back pain.

Conjunction 'chon' (because).

8

چرخ دستی‌های فرودگاه برای بارهای زیاد طراحی شده‌اند.

Airport carts are designed for heavy loads.

Passive voice 'tarrahi shode-and'.

1

طراحی ارگونومیک این چرخ دستی باعث شده تا فشار کمتری به مچ دست وارد شود.

The ergonomic design of this cart has caused less pressure to be applied to the wrist.

Causative structure with 'ba'es shodan'.

2

در بسیاری از فروشگاه‌های مدرن، چرخ دستی‌ها مجهز به صفحه نمایش لمسی هستند.

In many modern stores, carts are equipped with touch screens.

Adjective 'mojahhaz' (equipped).

3

استفاده از چرخ دستی‌های پلاستیکی بازیافتی به حفظ محیط زیست کمک می‌کند.

Using recycled plastic carts helps preserve the environment.

Gerund-like use of 'estefadeh'.

4

او با مهارت زیادی چرخ دستی را از میان صف‌های شلوغ عبور داد.

With great skill, he maneuvered the cart through the crowded lines.

Adverbial phrase 'ba maharat-e ziyad'.

5

چرخ دستی‌های هوشمند می‌توانند به طور خودکار لیست خرید شما را اسکن کنند.

Smart carts can automatically scan your shopping list.

Modal 'tavanestan' (can).

6

به دلیل نقص فنی در چرخ دستی، تمام خریدهایش روی زمین ریخت.

Due to a technical defect in the cart, all his purchases spilled on the floor.

Compound preposition 'be dalil-e'.

7

مدیریت فروشگاه تصمیم گرفت تمام چرخ دستی‌های قدیمی را تعویض کند.

The store management decided to replace all the old carts.

Complex sentence with 'tasmim gereftan'.

8

چرخ دستی‌های تاشو برای فضاهای کوچک و آپارتمان‌ها بسیار مناسب هستند.

Folding handcarts are very suitable for small spaces and apartments.

Adjective 'tasho' (folding).

1

چرخ دستی، به عنوان نمادی از مصرف‌گرایی مدرن، در بسیاری از آثار هنری معاصر به چشم می‌خورد.

The shopping cart, as a symbol of modern consumerism, is seen in many contemporary artworks.

Appositive phrase and formal verbal expression.

2

تحلیل‌های اقتصادی نشان می‌دهند که اندازه چرخ دستی بر میزان خرید مشتریان تأثیر مستقیم دارد.

Economic analyses show that the size of the shopping cart has a direct impact on the amount of customer purchases.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

3

چرخ دستی‌های صنعتی باید توانایی تحمل بارهایی تا وزن پانصد کیلوگرم را داشته باشند.

Industrial handcarts must have the ability to withstand loads up to five hundred kilograms.

Complex noun phrase 'tavanayi-ye tahammol-e bar-ha'.

4

در ادبیات داستانی، چرخ دستی گاهی به عنوان وسیله‌ای برای جابجایی کل دارایی‌های یک فرد بی‌خانمان به تصویر کشیده می‌شود.

In fiction, the shopping cart is sometimes depicted as a means for moving all of a homeless person's possessions.

Passive construction 'be tasvir keshideh mishavad'.

5

بهینه‌سازی چرخ‌های چرخ دستی برای کاهش اصطکاک، موضوع تحقیقی در مهندسی مکانیک بود.

Optimizing cart wheels to reduce friction was a research topic in mechanical engineering.

Abstract noun 'beineh-sazi' (optimization).

6

با ظهور خرید آنلاین، نقش فیزیکی چرخ دستی در زندگی روزمره دستخوش تغییر شده است.

With the advent of online shopping, the physical role of the cart in daily life has undergone change.

Idiomatic expression 'dastkhosh-e taghyir shodan'.

7

چرخ دستی‌های برقی در بیمارستان‌ها برای انتقال سریع و ایمن تجهیزات پزشکی به کار می‌روند.

Electric handcarts are used in hospitals for the fast and safe transfer of medical equipment.

Plural adjectives and formal passive 'be kar miravand'.

8

تولید چرخ دستی‌های بی‌صدا یکی از چالش‌های اصلی شرکت‌های تولیدکننده تجهیزات فروشگاهی است.

Producing silent carts is one of the main challenges for companies manufacturing store equipment.

Gerund-like subject 'tolid-e...'.

1

چرخ دستی، این ابزار به ظاهر ساده، در واقع برآیند قرن‌ها تکامل در مهندسی چرخ و نیازهای لجستیکی بشر است.

The shopping cart, this seemingly simple tool, is in fact the result of centuries of evolution in wheel engineering and human logistical needs.

Sophisticated apposition and philosophical tone.

2

بررسی پدیدارشناختی چرخ دستی در فضاهای شهری می‌تواند لایه‌های پنهانی از تعاملات اجتماعی را آشکار سازد.

A phenomenological study of the shopping cart in urban spaces can reveal hidden layers of social interactions.

Highly academic vocabulary ('phenomenological').

3

انحراف چرخ‌های چرخ دستی از مسیر مستقیم، استعاره‌ای است از دشواری‌های کنترل امور در زندگی پر هرج و مرج امروزی.

The deviation of cart wheels from a straight path is a metaphor for the difficulties of controlling affairs in today's chaotic life.

Metaphorical usage and complex 'ezafe' chains.

4

چرخ دستی‌های خودران، با بهره‌گیری از هوش مصنوعی، مرزهای بین ابزار دستی و رباتیک را درنوردیده‌اند.

Self-driving carts, utilizing artificial intelligence, have crossed the boundaries between manual tools and robotics.

Advanced verb 'dar-navardidan' (to cross/traverse).

5

تأثیر روانی پر کردن چرخ دستی بر آزادسازی دوپامین در مغز، موضوعی است که در بازاریابی عصبی به دقت بررسی می‌شود.

The psychological effect of filling a cart on dopamine release in the brain is a topic closely examined in neuromarketing.

Scientific terminology and passive structure.

6

چرخ دستی در بافتار بازارهای سنتی جای خود را به 'گاری' می‌دهد که از لحاظ ساختاری و فرهنگی با همتای مدرن خود تفاوت‌های بنیادین دارد.

In the context of traditional bazaars, the cart gives way to the 'gari', which structurally and culturally differs fundamentally from its modern counterpart.

Contrastive analysis and formal conjunctions.

7

مقاومت در برابر استفاده از چرخ دستی در برخی جوامع سنتی، نشان‌دهنده ترجیح تعاملات چهره به چهره بر اتوماسیون خرده‌فروشی است.

Resistance to using shopping carts in some traditional societies indicates a preference for face-to-face interactions over retail automation.

Complex abstract nouns as subjects.

8

چرخ دستی‌های تزیینی در طراحی داخلی مینیمالیستی، به عنوان اشیایی با هویت بازیافت‌شده (upcycled) مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند.

Decorative carts in minimalist interior design are used as objects with upcycled identities.

Technical design terminology.

Collocations courantes

چرخ دستی فروشگاه
چرخ دستی فرودگاه
هل دادن چرخ دستی
پر کردن چرخ دستی
چرخ دستی تاشو
چرخ دستی صنعتی
چرخ دستی پلاستیکی
قفل چرخ دستی
دسته چرخ دستی
ردیف چرخ دستی‌ها

Phrases Courantes

چرخ دستی را بردار

— Take the cart. Used when starting to shop.

برو و یک چرخ دستی بردار.

چرخ دستی را هل بده

— Push the cart. A common instruction.

لطفاً چرخ دستی را تا صندوق هل بده.

چرخ دستی خالی است

— The cart is empty. Used to indicate availability.

این چرخ دستی خالی است، می‌توانی از آن استفاده کنی.

چرخ دستی خراب است

— The cart is broken. Used when a wheel is stuck.

این چرخ دستی را نبر، خراب است.

چرخ دستی کجاست؟

— Where is the cart? Standard question in stores.

ببخشید، چرخ دستی کجاست؟

چرخ دستی را برگردان

— Return the cart. Used after shopping.

بعد از تمام شدن کار، چرخ دستی را برگردان.

چرخ دستی سنگین است

— The cart is heavy. Used when it's hard to push.

کمک کن، این چرخ دستی خیلی سنگین است.

چرخ دستی را پر نکن

— Don't fill the cart. Used to limit spending.

پول زیادی نداریم، پس چرخ دستی را پر نکن.

چرخ دستی مخصوص کودکان

— Child-sized cart or cart with a child seat.

او به دنبال چرخ دستی مخصوص کودکان می‌گشت.

چرخ دستی دوچرخ

— Two-wheeled hand truck/dolly.

برای جابجایی یخچال به یک چرخ دستی دوچرخ نیاز داریم.

Souvent confondu avec

چرخ دستی vs چرخ‌خیاطی

A sewing machine. Both start with 'charkh', but a sewing machine is for making clothes.

چرخ دستی vs چرخ‌گوشت

A meat grinder. Both start with 'charkh', but a meat grinder is a kitchen appliance.

چرخ دستی vs سد

A basket. A basket is carried by hand and doesn't have wheels.

Expressions idiomatiques

"چرخ زندگی چرخیدن"

— To make a living / for life to go on. Related to the word 'charkh'.

با سختی چرخ زندگی‌اش می‌چرخد.

General
"چرخ دستی کسی بودن"

— Metaphorically, to be someone's tool or assistant (rare/slang).

او فقط چرخ دستی رئیسش است.

Slang
"روی چرخ بودن"

— To be on a roll or doing well (informal).

امروز کارهایم روی چرخ است.

Informal
"چرخ دستی را پر کردن و نپرداختن"

— To dream big without the means to achieve it (metaphorical).

او همیشه چرخ دستی‌اش را پر می‌کند اما پولی برای پرداخت ندارد.

Colloquial
"چرخ دنده بودن"

— To be a small part of a big machine.

من فقط یک چرخ دنده کوچک در این شرکت هستم.

Formal
"چرخ فلک"

— The wheel of fortune / Ferris wheel.

روزگار مثل چرخ فلک است.

Literary
"چرخ را از نو اختراع کردن"

— To reinvent the wheel (doing unnecessary work).

نمی‌خواهد چرخ را از نو اختراع کنی!

General
"چرخ دستی‌ات را خودت بکش"

— Carry your own weight / be independent.

در این زندگی باید چرخ دستی‌ات را خودت بکشی.

Informal
"چرخ‌کردن"

— To grind (like meat) or to wander around.

تمام شهر را چرخ زدیم.

Colloquial
"چرخ زدن"

— To stroll or browse without a specific goal.

در مرکز خرید کمی چرخ زدیم.

General

Facile à confondre

چرخ دستی vs گاری

Both mean cart.

Gari is usually larger, older, or used for heavy bazaar transport. Charkh-e dasti is modern and retail-focused.

او بارهایش را با گاری برد.

چرخ دستی vs فرغون

Both have wheels and are manual.

Ferghoon is specifically a one-wheeled wheelbarrow for dirt/cement.

کارگر فرغون را پر کرد.

چرخ دستی vs دوچرخه

Contains the word 'charkh'.

Docharkhe is a bicycle for riding, not a cart for carrying items.

او با دوچرخه به مدرسه رفت.

چرخ دستی vs دستی

It can be an adjective on its own.

Dasti means 'manual' or 'handheld' (like a manual gearbox), whereas Charkh-e dasti is the whole object.

این ماشین دنده دستی است.

چرخ دستی vs باربر

Used in airports.

Barbar is often the person (porter) but can mean the cart. Charkh-e dasti is always the cart.

باربر چمدان‌ها را برد.

Structures de phrases

A1

[Subject] [Noun] [Verb]

من چرخ دستی دارم.

A2

[Adjective] [Noun] [Verb]

چرخ دستی بزرگ است.

B1

[Noun] را [Verb]

چرخ دستی را هل بده.

B1

در [Noun] [Verb]

در چرخ دستی بگذار.

B2

به دلیل [Noun] [Verb]

به دلیل سنگینی چرخ دستی، خسته شدم.

C1

[Noun] به عنوان [Concept]

چرخ دستی به عنوان نماد خرید.

C2

[Abstract Noun] [Noun]

تکامل ساختاری چرخ دستی.

C2

[Verb-Noun] [Noun]

بهینه‌سازی چرخ‌های چرخ دستی.

Famille de mots

Noms

چرخ (Wheel)
دست (Hand)
دستگیره (Handle)
چرخ‌دنده (Gear)

Verbes

چرخیدن (To rotate/spin)
چرخاندن (To turn something)
دستی کشیدن (To pull the handbrake)

Adjectifs

دستی (Manual/Handmade)
چرخان (Rotating)
دوچرخه (Bicycle)

Apparenté

سه چرخه (Tricycle)
چهارچرخه (Quadricycle/Go-kart)
چرخ‌خیاطی (Sewing machine)
چرخ‌گوشت (Meat grinder)
چرخ‌فلک (Ferris wheel)
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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very common in urban areas, less common in rural villages where 'sabad' or 'zanbil' is used.

Erreurs courantes
  • Saying 'Charkh dasti' without the ezafe. → Charkh-e dasti

    The ezafe (short 'e') is grammatically required to link the noun and its modifier.

  • Using 'Charkh-e dasti' for a sewing machine. → Charkh-e khayati

    Learners often remember 'charkh' but forget the second part, leading to confusion between carts and machines.

  • Pluralizing as 'Charkh-ha dasti'. → Charkh-e dasti-ha

    In compound nouns, the plural marker 'ha' usually goes at the very end of the entire phrase.

  • Using 'Gari' in a modern fancy supermarket. → Charkh-e dasti

    'Gari' sounds a bit too rustic or old-fashioned for a modern hypermarket.

  • Confusing 'Dasti' with 'Dovom'. → Charkh-e dasti

    Learners sometimes think 'dasti' means 'second-hand' (confusing it with 'dast-e dovom').

Astuces

Learn Related Words

When you learn 'charkh-e dasti', also learn 'sabad' (basket) and 'sandogh' (checkout). This gives you a complete set for shopping.

Master the Ezafe

Practice the connection: Charkh-e-Dasti. The 'e' is the glue that holds the word together. Without it, it sounds like two separate, unrelated words.

Bazaar vs. Supermarket

In a bazaar, use 'gari'. In a supermarket, use 'charkh-e dasti'. Using the right word shows you understand the setting.

Adjective Order

Remember that adjectives come last. 'Charkh-e dasti-ye sangin' (heavy cart), not 'sangin charkh-e dasti'.

Airport Cues

Listen for the word 'bar' (load/luggage) near 'charkh-e dasti'. This confirms they are talking about luggage trolleys.

Compound Writing

In modern Persian, you can write them as two words or with a half-space. Both are acceptable, but two words is easier for learners.

Verbal Flexibility

Use 'hol dadan' for pushing a four-wheeled cart and 'keshidan' for pulling a two-wheeled one.

The Circle Connection

Associate 'Charkh' with 'Circle'. A cart is a 'hand-circle' (hand-wheeled) device. This link to English roots helps.

Politeness

Always ask 'In charkh-e dasti khali ast?' (Is this cart empty?) before taking one that looks unattended.

Apartment Living

In Iranian apartments, the 'charkh-e dasti' in the lobby is a shared resource. Always return it quickly!

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'CHART' (Charkh) you use to 'DUST' (Dasti) off the shelves into your cart. Or, imagine a 'CHURCH' (Charkh) with 'DUSTY' (Dasti) wheels.

Association visuelle

Visualize a giant hand (Dast) pushing a single massive wheel (Charkh) into a grocery store. The hand is the power, the wheel is the movement.

Word Web

Supermarket Wheels Handle Groceries Pushing Airport Metal Basket

Défi

Go to a local store and try to think of the word 'charkh-e dasti' every time you see a cart. Try to identify its three parts: dasteh, charkh, and sabad.

Origine du mot

The word 'Charkh' comes from the Middle Persian 'čaxr', which originates from the Proto-Indo-European root '*kʷekʷlo-' (circle/wheel), making it a cognate with the English word 'cycle' and 'circle'. 'Dast' comes from the Middle Persian 'dast', originating from PIE '*g'hes-' (hand), cognate with 'fist'.

Sens originel : The combination literally means a wheeled device operated by hand.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

Contexte culturel

None. It is a neutral, everyday object.

In the US, it's a 'shopping cart'; in the UK, it's a 'trolley'. 'Charkh-e dasti' covers both.

The 'Barbar' (porter) culture in Tehran's Grand Bazaar. Modern Persian cinema often uses supermarket scenes to show urban life. Instructional signs in Iranian malls like 'Iran Mall' or 'Palladium'.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Supermarket Shopping

  • چرخ دستی کجاست؟
  • چرخ دستی سنگین است.
  • چرخ دستی را هل بده.
  • چرخ دستی را پر نکن.

Airport Travel

  • برای چمدان‌ها چرخ دستی می‌خواهم.
  • چرخ دستی فرودگاه مجانی است؟
  • چمدان را روی چرخ دستی بگذار.
  • چرخ دستی را تا گیت ببر.

Home/Apartment

  • چرخ دستی ساختمان کجاست؟
  • خریدها را با چرخ دستی بالا بیاور.
  • چرخ دستی را در پارکینگ گذاشتم.
  • همسایه چرخ دستی را برده است.

Construction/DIY

  • آجرها را با چرخ دستی جابجا کن.
  • چرخ دستی تحمل این بار را ندارد.
  • تایر چرخ دستی پنچر شده است.
  • یک چرخ دستی جدید بخر.

Online Shopping (Virtual)

  • کالا را به چرخ دستی اضافه کن.
  • چرخ دستی‌ام را چک می‌کنم.
  • آیتم را از چرخ دستی حذف کن.
  • چرخ دستی‌ام را نهایی کردم.

Amorces de conversation

"ببخشید، شما می‌دانید چرخ دستی‌ها کجا هستند؟ (Excuse me, do you know where the carts are?)"

"این چرخ دستی خیلی بد حرکت می‌کند، شما هم همین مشکل را دارید؟ (This cart moves very badly, do you have the same problem?)"

"می‌خواهید من چرخ دستی را برایتان تا ماشین بیاورم؟ (Do you want me to bring the cart to the car for you?)"

"فکر می‌کنید همه این خریدها در یک چرخ دستی جا می‌شود؟ (Do you think all these purchases will fit in one cart?)"

"آیا برای استفاده از چرخ دستی نیاز به سکه هست؟ (Do you need a coin to use the cart?)"

Sujets d'écriture

امروز در فروشگاه چه چیزهایی در چرخ دستی خود گذاشتید؟ توصیف کنید. (What things did you put in your cart at the store today? Describe.)

اگر یک چرخ دستی هوشمند داشتید، چه کارهایی برای شما انجام می‌داد؟ (If you had a smart cart, what things would it do for you?)

تفاوت خرید با چرخ دستی و خرید با کیسه را بنویسید. (Write about the difference between shopping with a cart and shopping with a bag.)

خاطره‌ای از یک چرخ دستی خراب یا یک اتفاق جالب در فروشگاه بنویسید. (Write a memory of a broken cart or an interesting event in a store.)

چرا در فرودگاه‌ها وجود چرخ دستی بسیار ضروری است؟ (Why is the existence of carts in airports very essential?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, while it's the most common use, it refers to any manual wheeled cart, including those at airports or construction sites. In Persian, if you push it and it has wheels, it's a charkh-e dasti.

You can use 'arabe-ye kharid' (ارابه خرید), which sounds more formal and is often used in writing or on store signs.

In most Iranian supermarkets, carts are free and don't require a coin. However, in some newer hypermarkets, you might need a coin or a specific token.

'Charkh' means 'wheel'. 'Charkh-e dasti' is the compound for the cart. Colloquially, people might shorten it to just 'charkh' in context.

Yes, many people in urban areas or at airports will understand 'trolley', but 'charkh-e dasti' is the proper Persian term.

The plural is 'charkh-e dasti-ha' (چرخ دستی‌ها). You add the plural marker 'ha' to the end of the second word.

It is 'charkh-e dasti'. The 'e' is the ezafe marker. In some dialects, it might sound like 'i', but 'e' is the standard.

A wheelbarrow is specifically called 'ferghoon' (فرغون), though it is technically a type of manual cart.

You can say: 'Bebakhshid, charkh-e dasti baraye bar-ha koja peyda mishavad?'

The handle is called 'dasteh' (دسته). You can say 'dasteh-ye charkh-e dasti'.

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Teste-toi 180 questions

writing

Write a sentence using 'charkh-e dasti' and 'supermarket'.

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writing

Describe a broken cart in Persian.

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writing

Ask where the carts are in a polite way.

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writing

Write a sentence about a heavy cart.

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writing

Tell someone to put the milk in the cart.

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writing

Write about returning the cart.

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writing

Use 'charkh-e dasti' in an airport context.

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writing

Compare a basket and a cart.

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writing

Write a short story (3 sentences) about shopping.

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writing

Describe the wheels of a cart.

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writing

Explain why you need a cart.

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writing

Write a warning sign for a cart.

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writing

Describe an industrial cart.

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writing

Write about a child playing with a cart.

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writing

Use the word 'arabe-ye kharid'.

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writing

Describe a folding cart.

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writing

Write about a community cart in an apartment.

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writing

Write a sentence with 'dasteh' and 'charkh-e dasti'.

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writing

Explain the etymology of the word briefly.

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writing

Write a complaint about missing carts.

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speaking

How do you ask for a cart in a store?

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Tell your friend to push the cart.

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speaking

Complain about a broken wheel.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Say you need a bigger cart.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Ask if you can take the cart to the car.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Describe what you put in your cart.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Tell someone their cart is blocking the way.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Ask a staff member where to return the cart.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Explain that the cart is too heavy to push.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Talk about using a cart at the airport.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Say you prefer a basket over a cart.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Ask if the cart requires a coin.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Describe a child sitting in a cart.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Tell your partner to not fill the cart too much.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Mention that you left the cart in the parking lot.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Ask if there are any small carts available.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Talk about the benefits of a folding cart.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Tell a store employee that a cart is making a loud noise.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Explain how to use a cart for gardening.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Say that all carts are currently in use.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen and identify the object: 'برو یک چرخ دستی بیار.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the adjective: 'این چرخ دستی خیلی سنگین است.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the location: 'چرخ دستی‌ها در پارکینگ هستند.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the verb: 'چرخ دستی را هل بده.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen and identify the problem: 'چرخِ این چرخ دستی نمی‌چرخد.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the quantity: 'سه تا چرخ دستی بردار.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the person: 'آقا، چرخ دستی‌تان را بردارید.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the material: 'این چرخ دستی پلاستیکی است.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the action: 'خریدها را در چرخ دستی بگذار.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the synonym: 'ارابه خرید را به اینجا بیاورید.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the airport context: 'چرخ دستی برای چمدان‌ها مجانی است.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the command: 'چرخ دستی را برگردان.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the feeling: 'هل دادن چرخ دستی سخت است.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the part: 'دسته چرخ دستی کثیف است.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for the type: 'من چرخ دستی تاشو می‌خواهم.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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