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B1 verb #7,000 le plus courant 9 min de lecture

خارانیدن

khârânidan
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces خارانیدن en 30 secondes
Explication خارانیدن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the complex word 'خارانیدن' (khārānidan) yet. Instead, you might learn the simple noun 'خارش' (khāresh) which means 'an itch'. You might say 'My hand itches' using the basic verb 'خاریدن' (khāridan). For example: 'Dastam mikhārad'. At this stage, just remember that Persian has a special word for when you want to scratch yourself because of a mosquito bite. You can think of it as 'doing an itch'. Most A1 learners will simply point to the itch and say 'Inja mikhārad' (It itches here). Focusing on the basic body parts (hand, foot, back) is more important than the specific verb for scratching. However, if you see a cat scratching, you might hear someone say 'Gorbe mikhāranad', which is the beginning of understanding this word. Just try to recognize the 'khār' sound as something related to itching or thorns.
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At the A2 level, you should start to recognize the difference between 'itching' (a feeling) and 'scratching' (an action). The word 'خارانیدن' (khārānidan) is the action. You might use it in simple sentences like 'I scratch my back' (Pash-tam rā mikhārānam). Notice the 'ān' in the middle—this is a special part of the word that means you are 'causing' the action. You will mostly hear the shorter version 'خاراندن' (khārāndan) in daily life. A2 learners should be able to tell a doctor 'My skin itches and I scratch it' (Pustam mikhārad va ānrā mikhārānam). You can also use it for animals: 'The dog scratches its ear' (Sag gushash rā mikhārānad). Practice the present tense: 'mikhārānam' (I scratch), 'mikhārāni' (you scratch), 'mikhārānad' (he/she scratches). This will help you describe physical sensations and actions more accurately.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand the 'causative' grammar behind 'خارانیدن' (khārānidan). This verb is the causative form of 'خاریدن' (khāridan). In Persian, adding '-ān-' to a verb stem often turns an intransitive verb (something that happens) into a transitive verb (something you do to something else). For example, 'khābidan' (to sleep) becomes 'khābānidan' (to put to sleep). Similarly, 'khāridan' (to itch) becomes 'khārānidan' (to scratch). At this level, you should use the direct object marker 'rā' correctly. 'I scratched the mosquito bite' = 'Jā-ye nish-e pashe rā khārāndam'. You should also be aware of the formal vs. informal versions. In a book, you'll see 'khārānidan', but in a movie, you'll hear 'khārundan'. You can also use it in compound sentences: 'Although it was bleeding, he couldn't stop scratching it' (Bā inke khun mi-āmad, nemitavānest az khārānidan-e ān dast bardārad).
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'خارانیدن' in various tenses and more abstract contexts. You should understand that it implies a mechanical action of the nails or claws. You might encounter it in medical literature or health blogs discussing skin conditions like eczema or allergies. For example: 'Khārānidan-e shadid bāes-e ijād-e kharāsh mishavad' (Intense scratching causes the creation of scratches/wounds). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'kharāshidan' (to scrape/scar) and 'tarāshidan' (to shave). At this level, you can use the word to describe complex behaviors: 'The suspect was scratching his head nervously during the interrogation' (Mottaham dar toul-e bāzporsī bā darsarmāndegī sarash rā mikhārānd). You should also be familiar with the past participle 'khārānde' and how it can be used in passive or perfect structures.
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At the C1 level, you should appreciate the stylistic choices between using 'خارانیدن' and its synonyms in literature and high-level discourse. You might find this verb in classical poetry or modern psychological novels where the act of scratching symbolizes internal irritation, restlessness, or a search for meaning. You should be able to discuss the etymology, linking the root 'khār' (thorn) to the verb's meaning. In academic writing, you might use the nominalized form 'خاراندن' or 'خارانش' in a discussion about sensory-motor feedback loops. You should also be fluent in using the word in its most formal 'Ketābi' form without hesitation. For instance, analyzing a text where a character 'khārānd-o-khārānd' (scratched and scratched) to show an obsessive-compulsive trait. Your understanding of the nuances between 'khārānidan', 'sābidan' (rubbing), and 'sudah kardan' (wearing down) should be precise.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'خارانیدن'. You understand its place in the history of the Persian language and can recognize its archaic forms in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) if necessary. You can use the word in sophisticated metaphors, such as 'khārānidan-e zehn' (scratching the mind) to describe a nagging thought or a complex problem that requires mental 'scraping' to solve. You are fully aware of all dialectal variations, from the Tehrani 'khārundan' to the Dari and Tajik equivalents. You can effortlessly switch between registers, using the formal 'khārānidan' in a scientific paper on dermatology and the slangy versions in a street-level conversation. You might even use it in a pun or wordplay involving 'khār' (thorn/lowly) and 'khāridan' (to buy), showing a deep grasp of Persian phonology and semantics. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

خارانیدن en 30 secondes

  • Khārānidan means the physical act of scratching an itch using nails or claws.
  • It is the transitive (causative) form of the verb 'khāridan' (to itch).
  • In daily spoken Persian, the form 'khārāndan' or 'khārundan' is more common.
  • It requires a direct object, usually the body part being scratched, followed by 'rā'.

The Persian verb خارانیدن (khārānidan) is a sophisticated and precise term primarily used to describe the physical act of scratching. While in English the word 'scratch' can mean both the sensation of an itch and the action taken to relieve it, Persian makes a distinct grammatical separation. Khārānidan is the transitive, causative form of the root verb خاریدن (khāridan). While khāridan often refers to the sensation (e.g., 'my hand itches'), khārānidan specifically refers to the external action of using one's nails, claws, or a tool to scrape the skin. This distinction is crucial for B1 learners who are beginning to master the causative suffix -ān- in Persian grammar.

Transitive Nature
This verb requires an object. You scratch 'something' or 'someone'. For example, scratching a mosquito bite or scratching a pet's back.
Medical Context
In clinical settings, a dermatologist might ask a patient if they have been scratching the affected area, using خارانیدن to specify the mechanical irritation of the skin.
Literary Nuance
In classical Persian literature, the act of scratching can symbolize restlessness, anxiety, or the attempt to uncover a hidden truth (scratching the surface).

او با دقت جای نیش پشه را می‌خاراند تا کمی آرام شود.
(He was carefully scratching the mosquito bite to calm down a bit.)

Beyond the literal sense of relieving an itch, khārānidan can be applied to animals. For instance, a cat scratching a post or a bear scratching its back against a tree trunk would both employ this verb. It implies a repetitive, rhythmic scraping motion. In some dialectical variations, it may also be used metaphorically to describe 'scraping' or 'irritating' a surface. Understanding this word helps learners move beyond basic 'A1' vocabulary and start using precise verbs that describe physical interactions with the world.

گربه چنگال‌هایش را روی مبل می‌خاراند.
(The cat is scratching its claws on the sofa.)

Interestingly, the root of this word is related to 'khār' (thorn), suggesting the sensation of being pricked or the action of using something sharp. When you scratch, you are essentially mimicking the action of a thorn. This etymological connection makes it easier to remember: thorns (khār) cause the need for scratching (khārānidan).

Causative Formation
The formation khār + ān + idan is a perfect example of how Persian creates active verbs from stems. This pattern is seen in words like rasānidan (to cause to arrive/deliver).

پیرمرد پشتش را با یک خط‌کش خاراند.
(The old man scratched his back with a ruler.)

Using خارانیدن correctly requires an understanding of its conjugation and its relationship with the object (the thing being scratched). Because it is a causative verb, it follows the standard pattern for verbs ending in -ānidan. In the present tense, the stem is خاران (khārān), and in the past tense, it is خاراند (khārānd). Let's explore how this looks in various sentence structures, ranging from simple descriptions to more complex narratives.

Present Continuous
Used for an action happening right now. Structure: dāram/dāri... mikhārānam/mikhārāni. Example: دارم سرم را می‌خارانم (I am scratching my head).
Past Simple
Used for a completed action. Example: او بازویش را خاراند (He scratched his arm).
Imperative
Used for giving commands or requests. Example: لطفاً پشتم را بخاران (Please scratch my back).

بچه از شدت خارش، تمام شب بدنش را می‌خاراند.
(The child was scratching his body all night because of the intense itching.)

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the direct object marker را (rā). Since khārānidan is transitive, the body part or object being scratched usually takes rā. For example, 'I scratch the head' becomes sar rā mikhārānam. If you are scratching yourself, you use the reflexive pronoun khod or simply the body part with a possessive suffix.

میمون‌ها در جنگل بدن یکدیگر را می‌خارانند.
(The monkeys scratch each other's bodies in the forest.)

You can also use this verb in compound structures. For instance, to say 'to stop scratching', you would use dast az khārānidan bardāshtan. This adds a layer of fluency to your speech. In a medical context, you might hear: az khārānidan-e mahall-e zahm khoddāri konid (refrain from scratching the wound site). This level of vocabulary is expected at the B1-B2 CEFR levels.

او در حالی که فکر می‌کرد، چانه‌اش را می‌خاراند.
(He was scratching his chin while he was thinking.)

سگ با پایش گوش خود را خاراند.
(The dog scratched its ear with its paw.)

Negative Form
To say 'don't scratch', use نخاران (nakhārān). Example: پوستت را نخاران! (Don't scratch your skin!)

While خارانیدن is the standard formal dictionary form, its usage varies significantly depending on the social context. In Iran, language is highly stratified between the formal (Ketābi) and the informal (Mohaverei). Understanding where you will encounter the formal khārānidan versus the colloquial khārundan is key to natural-sounding Persian.

News and Literature
In a news report about a skin disease outbreak or in a novel describing a character's nervous habits, the full form خارانیدن or its past participle خارانده will be used.
Doctor's Consultation
A physician might use the formal term when writing a prescription or giving advice: Nabāyad in nahiyah rā bekhārānid (You must not scratch this area).
Everyday Conversation
In a Tehran cafe, you are more likely to hear خاروندن. For example, 'Dāram mikhārunam' (I'm scratching).

در کتاب‌های درسی، عمل خارانیدن به عنوان یک واکنش طبیعی بدن توضیح داده شده است.
(In textbooks, the act of scratching is explained as a natural body reaction.)

You might also hear this word in the context of traditional Persian medicine (Tebb-e Sonnati), where scratching certain points of the body is thought to stimulate blood flow. Furthermore, in children's stories, animals are often depicted khārānidan-ing their ears or bellies, making it a common word in pedagogical materials for Persian kids.

مجری برنامه کودک گفت: «ببینید چطور خرس پشتش را به درخت می‌خاراند!»
(The children's show host said: "Look how the bear is scratching its back against the tree!")

If you watch Iranian cinema, you'll notice characters scratching their heads (sar khārāndan) as a sign of confusion or being 'stumped' by a problem. This body language is a universal human trait, but the specific verb used in the subtitles or script will often be khārāndan or khārānidan depending on the formality of the scene.

پزشک از بیمار خواست که از خارانیدن شدید پوست خودداری کند.
(The doctor asked the patient to refrain from intense scratching of the skin.)

در آن سکانس فیلم، بازیگر با خارانیدن سرش، تردید خود را نشان داد.
(In that movie scene, the actor showed his hesitation by scratching his head.)

For English speakers, the most common mistake is confusing the intransitive خاریدن (khāridan) with the transitive خارانیدن (khārānidan). This is a classic 'causative vs. non-causative' error that many Persian learners face at the intermediate level.

Confusing 'It itches' vs 'I scratch'
Mistake: Dastam rā mikhārad. Correct: Dastam mikhārad (My hand itches) OR Dastam rā mikhārānam (I scratch my hand). The first is a sensation; the second is an action.
Incorrect Stem Usage
Learners often forget the -ān- in the present tense, saying mikhāram instead of mikhārānam. Mikhāram would mean 'I am itching' (which sounds like you are the cause of an itch), whereas mikhārānam means 'I am scratching'.
Overusing the Formal Form
Using khārānidan in a very casual conversation with friends can sound overly robotic or like you are reading from a textbook. Use خاروندن (khārundan) for a more natural flow.

غلط: «سرم می‌خاراند.» (اشتباه است چون «خارانیدن» مفعول می‌خواهد)
درست: «سرم را می‌خارانم.»
(Wrong: "My head is scratching." Correct: "I am scratching my head.")

Another mistake involves the direct object marker rā. Remember that if you are scratching a specific part of your body, you must use rā after that body part. Forgetting rā makes the sentence grammatically incomplete. Also, avoid using khārānidan for 'scratching a car' or 'scratching a surface' in a damaging way; for that, خط انداختن (khat andākhtan) or خراشیدن (kharāshidan) is more appropriate.

غلط: «او ماشین را خاراند.»
درست: «او روی ماشین خراش انداخت.»
(Wrong: "He scratched the car [like an itch]." Correct: "He scratched/scarred the car.")

Finally, ensure you don't confuse khārānidan with khāndan (to read). They might look slightly similar in rapid handwriting, but their meanings and pronunciations are worlds apart. One is about skin, the other is about books!

اشتباه متداول در تلفظ: خارانیدن را با «خندیدن» (خنده) اشتباه نگیرید.
(Common pronunciation mistake: Don't confuse 'khārānidan' with 'khandidan' [to laugh].)

Persian has several words for 'scratching' and 'scraping,' each with its own specific context. Choosing the right one will make you sound like a more advanced speaker. Let's compare خارانیدن with its closest cousins.

خاریدن (Khāridan)
This is the intransitive version. It refers to the sensation of itching. 'My leg itches' = Pāyam mikhārad.
خراشیدن (Kharāshidan)
This means to scrape or graze. It implies damage or a light wound. For example, scratching a wall or grazing your knee. Khārānidan is to relieve an itch; kharāshidan is to damage a surface.
تراشیدن (Tarāshidan)
This means to shave, carve, or scrape off. You use this for shaving a beard or scraping paint off a door.

تفاوت:
۱. خارانیدن: برای رفع خارش (To relieve an itch).
۲. خراشیدن: برای ایجاد زخم یا خط (To cause a scratch/wound).
۳. تراشیدن: برای برداشتن یک لایه (To shave/scrape off a layer).

Another alternative is پنجه زدن (Panje zadan), which specifically refers to scratching with claws or a paw, often in an aggressive or playful way, like a tiger or a cat. While khārānidan is functional (relieving an itch), panje zadan is more about the physical action of the claws.

پلنگ به تنه درخت پنجه زد.
(The leopard clawed/scratched the tree trunk.)

Finally, consider the verb سابیدن (Sābidan), which means to rub or grind. If you are 'scratching' something by rubbing it against another surface (like two stones), sābidan is the better choice. Mastery of these nuances is what separates a B1 learner from a C1 expert.

او لکه را از روی زمین سابید.
(He rubbed/scratched the stain off the floor.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The word for 'thorn' (khār) and 'scratch' (khārānidan) are linguistic siblings. When a thorn pricks you, it creates the sensation that leads to the action of the verb!

Guide de prononciation

UK /xɒːrɒːniːˈdæn/
US /xɑːrɑːniːˈdæn/
The stress is always on the suffix '-an' at the end of the infinitive.
Rime avec
رسانیدن (rasānidan) دوانیدن (davānidan) پوشانیدن (pushānidan) خورانیدن (khorānidan) سوزانیدن (suzānidan) خوابانیدن (khābānidan) نشاندن (neshāndan) گردانیدن (gardānidan)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' (it should be like the 'ch' in Bach).
  • Missing the second 'ā' sound.
  • Confusing it with 'khāndan' (to read).
  • Stress on the first syllable.
  • Pronouncing 'ān' like 'an' in 'can' (it should be deep like 'on').

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Easy to recognize if you know the root 'khār'.

Écriture 4/5

Requires knowledge of causative verb endings.

Expression orale 4/5

Spoken forms like 'khārundan' differ from the formal 'khārānidan'.

Écoute 3/5

Distinct 'kh' sound makes it easy to spot.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

خار (thorn) دست (hand) ناخن (nail) پوست (skin) خاریدن (to itch)

Apprends ensuite

خراشیدن (to scrape) تراشیدن (to shave) ساییدن (to rub) بافتن (to weave/scratch surface) پانسمان (dressing/bandage)

Avancé

اگزمای پوستی (eczema) التهاب (inflammation) واکنش‌های عصبی (nervous reactions) گیرنده‌های حسی (sensory receptors) خارش مزمن (chronic itch)

Grammaire à connaître

Causative Verbs (-ānidan)

خاریدن (to itch) -> خارانیدن (to scratch/cause to itch).

Direct Object Marker (rā)

من پشتم را می‌خارانم. (I scratch my back.)

Present Continuous (dāram...)

دارم سرم را می‌خارانم. (I am scratching my head.)

Subjunctive with Modal Verbs

نباید آن را بخارانی. (You shouldn't scratch it.)

Compound Verbs with 'Dast Bardāshtan'

او از خارانیدن دست برداشت. (He stopped scratching.)

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Exemples par niveau

1

دست من می‌خارد.

My hand itches.

A1 uses the intransitive 'khāridan' for the sensation.

2

او سرش را می‌خاراند.

He is scratching his head.

Simple present tense of the action.

3

گربه گوشش را خاراند.

The cat scratched its ear.

Simple past tense.

4

پشتم را بخاران.

Scratch my back.

Imperative form 'bekhārān'.

5

آیا پایت را می‌خارانی؟

Are you scratching your foot?

Question form in present tense.

6

خرس پشتش را به درخت می‌خاراند.

The bear is scratching its back against the tree.

Present continuous sense.

7

من بازویم را خاراندم.

I scratched my arm.

First person singular past tense.

8

نخاران!

Don't scratch!

Negative imperative.

1

بچه بدنش را خیلی می‌خاراند.

The child is scratching his body a lot.

Using 'kheyli' (a lot) with the verb.

2

نباید جای زخم را بخارانی.

You shouldn't scratch the wound site.

Modal verb 'nabāyad' + subjunctive.

3

سگ همیشه خودش را می‌خاراند.

The dog always scratches itself.

Use of 'khodash' (itself) as the object.

4

او داشت پایش را می‌خاراند که من رسیدم.

He was scratching his leg when I arrived.

Past continuous tense.

5

چرا داری دستت را می‌خارانی؟

Why are you scratching your hand?

Interrogative 'cherā' with present continuous.

6

او با یک چنگال پشتش را خاراند.

He scratched his back with a fork.

Instrumental 'bā' (with).

7

میمون‌ها همدیگر را می‌خارانند.

Monkeys scratch each other.

Reciprocal pronoun 'hamdigar'.

8

من سعی کردم پشتم را بخارانم اما نرسیدم.

I tried to scratch my back but I couldn't reach.

Compound verb 'sa'y kardan' + subjunctive.

1

او از شدت استرس، مدام ریشش را می‌خاراند.

Due to intense stress, he was constantly scratching his beard.

B1 level introduces cause/effect with 'az sheddat-e'.

2

خارانیدن پوست ممکن است باعث عفونت شود.

Scratching the skin may cause infection.

Using the infinitive as a gerund/subject.

3

او در حالی که فکر می‌کرد، سرش را می‌خاراند.

While he was thinking, he was scratching his head.

Using 'dar hāli ke' (while) structure.

4

اگر پشتم را بخارانی، من هم برای تو را می‌خارانم.

If you scratch my back, I will scratch yours too.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

5

او تمام شب را به خارانیدن بدنش گذراند.

He spent the whole night scratching his body.

Complex sentence with 'gozarāndan'.

6

پزشک گفت: «از خارانیدن موضعی پرهیز کنید.»

The doctor said: 'Refrain from local scratching.'

Formal imperative 'parhiz konid'.

7

او با ناخن‌های بلندش بازویش را خاراند.

She scratched her arm with her long nails.

Descriptive adjectives with the object.

8

این لباس پشمی باعث می‌شود بدنم را بخارانم.

This woolly cloth makes me scratch my body.

Causative structure 'bāes shodan'.

1

بیمار به دلیل اگزما، مدام در حال خارانیدن دست‌هایش بود.

The patient was constantly scratching his hands due to eczema.

Use of 'dar hāl-e' for continuous action.

2

او چنان با شدت می‌خاراند که پوستش قرمز شده بود.

He was scratching so intensely that his skin had turned red.

Result clause with 'chonān... ke'.

3

خارانیدن سر در این موقعیت، نشانه تردید اوست.

Scratching the head in this situation is a sign of his hesitation.

Abstract noun usage of the verb.

4

حیوان برای جلب توجه، خود را به پای صاحبش می‌خاراند.

The animal scratches/rubs itself against its owner's leg to get attention.

Infinitive of purpose 'barāye'.

5

او با خارانیدن جای زخم، باعث خونریزی مجدد آن شد.

By scratching the wound, he caused it to bleed again.

Using 'bā' + infinitive to show means.

6

هر چه بیشتر می‌خاراند، خارش بیشتر می‌شد.

The more he scratched, the more it itched.

Correlative 'har che... bishtar'.

7

او با آرامش گوش سگ را می‌خاراند.

He was calmly scratching the dog's ear.

Adverbial phrase 'bā ārāmesh'.

8

او از خارانیدن بدنش در جمع خجالت می‌کشید.

He was embarrassed to scratch his body in public.

Complex emotional context.

1

نویسنده با خارانیدن لایه‌های سطحی داستان، به عمق فاجعه پی برد.

By scratching the surface layers of the story, the author realized the depth of the tragedy.

Metaphorical usage of scratching.

2

او با وسواس عجیبی، جای جوش‌های قدیمی را می‌خاراند.

With a strange obsession, he was scratching the sites of old pimples.

C1 level vocabulary like 'vasvās' (obsession).

3

خارانیدن مداوم می‌تواند به لایه‌ی اپیدرم آسیب جدی برساند.

Continuous scratching can cause serious damage to the epidermis layer.

Technical/Medical Persian.

4

در متون کهن، خارانیدن سر گاهی به معنای طلب چاره بوده است.

In ancient texts, scratching the head was sometimes meant as seeking a remedy.

Historical/Literary context.

5

او چنان غرق در افکارش بود که متوجه خارانیدن دستش نمی‌شد.

He was so lost in thought that he didn't notice scratching his hand.

Subordinate clause with 'ghark dar'.

6

پیرمرد با عصایش، نقطه‌ای از پشتش را که دستش نمی‌رسید می‌خاراند.

The old man was scratching a spot on his back he couldn't reach with his cane.

Relative clause 'ke dastash nemirasid'.

7

خارانیدن بی وقفه، نشانه‌ای از اضطراب درونی او بود.

Incessant scratching was a sign of his internal anxiety.

Abstract nominal phrase.

8

او با خارانیدن چانه‌اش، سعی داشت پاسخی منطقی بیابد.

By scratching his chin, he was trying to find a logical answer.

Gerundive usage.

1

خارانیدن در اینجا نه یک کنش فیزیکی، بلکه یک استعاره‌ی وجودی است.

Scratching here is not a physical act, but an existential metaphor.

High-level philosophical discourse.

2

او با خارانیدن صخره‌ها، در پی یافتن فسیل‌های پنهان بود.

By scratching/scraping the rocks, he was in search of hidden fossils.

Specific technical context.

3

این میل به خارانیدن حقیقت، او را به فیلسوفی پرسشگر بدل کرد.

This desire to scratch the truth turned him into a questioning philosopher.

Metaphorical 'scratching the truth'.

4

در روان‌کاوی، خارانیدن وسواسی می‌تواند ریشه در سرکوب امیال داشته باشد.

In psychoanalysis, obsessive scratching can be rooted in the suppression of desires.

Specialized academic terminology.

5

او با خارانیدنِ قلم بر کاغذ، طرحی نو درانداخت.

By scratching the pen on paper, he cast a new design (innovated).

Poetic/Literary phrasing.

6

خارانیدنِ مداومِ این زخمِ کهنه، تنها درد را افزون می‌کند.

Constantly scratching this old wound only increases the pain (metaphorical).

Idiomatic/Metaphorical usage.

7

او با خارانیدنِ بدنه کشتی، صدف‌های چسبیده را جدا کرد.

By scraping the hull of the ship, he detached the clinging barnacles.

Precise mechanical description.

8

خارانیدن، در بطن خود، نوعی ستیز میان لذت و رنج است.

Scratching, at its core, is a kind of struggle between pleasure and pain.

Complex abstract subject.

Collocations courantes

سر خارانیدن
پشت خارانیدن
شدید خارانیدن
جای زخم را خارانیدن
با ناخن خارانیدن
مدام خارانیدن
آرام خارانیدن
از خارانیدن دست کشیدن
به درخت خارانیدن
عادت به خارانیدن

Phrases Courantes

پشتم را می‌خارانی؟

— Will you scratch my back? A common request for help.

دست من نمی‌رسد، پشتم را می‌خارانی؟

سرش را می‌خاراند

— He is scratching his head. Used to show confusion.

وقتی سوال را پرسیدم، فقط سرش را می‌خاراند.

جای نیش را نخاران

— Don't scratch the bite. Common advice for insect bites.

مامان گفت جای نیش پشه را نخاران.

باید پشتم را به دیوار بخارانم

— I have to scratch my back against the wall. When no one is around to help.

تنها بودم و مجبور شدم پشتم را به دیوار بخارانم.

دست از خارانیدن بردار

— Stop scratching. A command to stop the action.

پوستت خون آمد، دست از خارانیدن بردار!

ریشش را می‌خاراند و فکر می‌کرد

— He was scratching his beard and thinking. A classic image of a thinker.

او همیشه موقع مطالعه ریشش را می‌خاراند.

گربه مبل را می‌خاراند

— The cat is scratching the sofa. A common complaint for pet owners.

باز هم گربه دارد مبل جدید را می‌خاراند.

کف دستم می‌خارد

— My palm itches (implies a need to scratch).

کف دست راستم می‌خارد، باید آن را بخارانم.

خارانیدنِ عصبی

— Nervous scratching. A psychological symptom.

او دچار خارانیدن عصبی شده است.

با چنگال خارانیدن

— To scratch with a fork. Using an object when nails aren't enough.

او از شدت خارش با چنگال پشتش را می‌خاراند.

Souvent confondu avec

خارانیدن vs خاریدن

This is 'to itch' (the feeling). Khārānidan is 'to scratch' (the action).

خارانیدن vs خراشیدن

This means to scrape or scar, implying damage rather than relief from an itch.

خارانیدن vs خریدن

This means 'to buy'. They look similar but 'khāridan' (to buy) has a short 'a' and 'khārānidan' has long 'ā'.

Expressions idiomatiques

"سر خارانیدن"

— To be confused, puzzled, or at a loss for words.

هر چه فکر کرد به نتیجه نرسید و فقط سرش را خاراند.

Neutral
"پشت کسی را خارانیدن"

— To help someone in a small, personal way (often literal).

بیا پشتم را بخاران تا من هم کارت را انجام دهم.

Informal
"وقتِ سر خارانیدن نداشتن"

— To be extremely busy (literally: not having time to scratch one's head).

آنقدر کار دارم که وقت سر خارانیدن هم ندارم.

Common
"کف دست خارانیدن"

— A superstition related to receiving money.

کف دستش را می‌خاراند چون شنیده بود پول به دستش می‌رسد.

Colloquial
"خاراندنِ گوشِ کسی"

— To give someone a hint or a warning (rare/regional).

باید گوشش را بخارانی تا متوجه شود.

Dialectal
"دل کسی را خارانیدن"

— To tease or tempt someone (metaphorical/rare).

با این حرف‌ها فقط دل مرا می‌خارانی.

Poetic
"خاراندن جای زخم کهنه"

— To bring up old painful memories or issues.

با این سوالات، فقط جای زخم‌های کهنه را می‌خارانی.

Literary
"به خارانیدن افتادن"

— To start feeling an irresistible urge to scratch (often nervous).

از وقتی اسم شپش آمد، همه به خارانیدن افتادند.

Informal
"خاراندنِ شکم"

— To be lazy or idle (sitting around scratching one's belly).

بجای خارانیدن شکم، برو دنبال کار!

Slang
"چشم خارانیدن"

— To be sleepy or tired (rubbing/scratching the eyes).

بچه چشمانش را می‌خاراند، یعنی خوابش می‌آید.

Neutral

Facile à confondre

خارانیدن vs خاریدن

Both relate to itching.

Khāridan is intransitive (the sensation). Khārānidan is transitive (the action). You can't 'khārānidan' unless something 'mikhārad'.

پایم می‌خارد (Sensation), پس آن را می‌خارانم (Action).

خارانیدن vs خراشیدن

Both involve nails/scraping.

Kharāshidan is about surface damage or wounding. Khārānidan is about relieving an itch. You kharāshidan a car, but you khārānidan your back.

او دیوار را با کلید خراشید.

خارانیدن vs تراشیدن

Both involve removing something from a surface.

Tarāshidan means to shave or carve off a layer (like wood or a beard). Khārānidan is just the back-and-forth motion on skin.

نجار چوب را تراشید.

خارانیدن vs خندیدن

Visual similarity in script.

Khandidan means to laugh. It has no relation to itching.

او به جوک من خندید.

خارانیدن vs خوابانیدن

Similar causative ending.

Khābānidan means to put to sleep. It comes from 'khābidan'.

مادر بچه را خوابانید.

Structures de phrases

A1

[Body Part] + را + می‌خارانم

دستم را می‌خارانم.

A2

سگ + [Body Part] + را + می‌خاراند

سگ گوشش را می‌خاراند.

B1

نباید + [Object] + را + بخارانی

نباید جای نیش را بخارانی.

B2

او در حال + خارانیدن + [Object] + بود

او در حال خارانیدن پایش بود.

C1

خارانیدنِ + [Abstract Noun] + نشانه + [Something]

خارانیدن سر نشانه تردید است.

C2

با خارانیدنِ + [Object] + [Result]

با خارانیدنِ صخره، فسیل نمایان شد.

B1

هر چه بیشتر + [Verb], [Result]

هر چه بیشتر می‌خاراند، بیشتر می‌خارید.

B2

از + خارانیدن + خودداری کردن

از خارانیدن زخم خودداری کنید.

Famille de mots

Noms

خارش (khāresh) - itch
خاراننده (khārānande) - scratcher
خاراندن (khārāndan) - the act of scratching

Verbes

خاریدن (khāridan) - to itch
خاراندن (khārāndan) - to scratch (common form)
خراشیدن (kharāshidan) - to scrape

Adjectifs

خارشی (khāreshi) - itchy
خارانده (khārānde) - scratched

Apparenté

خار (khār) - thorn
ناخن (nākhon) - fingernail
پوست (pust) - skin
زخم (zahm) - wound
حساسیت (hassāsiyat) - allergy
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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in medical, animal-related, and daily physical descriptions.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 'khāridan' for the action of scratching. → خارانیدن (khārānidan)

    Khāridan means to itch (the sensation). You cannot 'khāridan' your back; your back 'mikhārad' and you 'mikhārāni' it.

  • Forgetting the 'rā' after the body part. → دستم را می‌خارانم.

    Because khārānidan is transitive, the object must be marked with 'rā'.

  • Using khārānidan for a scratched car. → خراشیدن (kharāshidan)

    Khārānidan is only for itchy skin. For metal or wood, use kharāshidan.

  • Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k'. → Guttural 'kh' (x).

    Pronouncing it as 'k' changes the meaning or makes it unintelligible.

  • Confusing 'khārānidan' with 'khāndan'. → خارانیدن (scratch) vs خواندن (read).

    They look similar in script. Khāndan is to read; khārānidan is to scratch.

Astuces

Causative Suffix

Remember the '-ān-' suffix. It turns 'itching' into 'causing an itch to go away' (scratching). This is a common pattern in Persian verbs.

The Guttural KH

Make sure to pronounce the 'kh' clearly from the back of your throat. It's not a 'k' or an 'h', but a rasping sound like in 'Loch Ness'.

Khār vs Khār

Don't confuse 'khār' (thorn) with 'khār' (lowly/despised). They are spelled differently in Persian (خار vs خوار) but sound the same.

Head Scratching

If you see an Iranian scratching their head during a conversation, they are likely thinking hard or are confused. It's a very common gesture.

Doctor's Advice

If a doctor says 'Nakhārān', they are giving you a medical order. Scratching can lead to 'ozunat' (infection).

Pet Care

Use this word when talking to your cat or dog. 'Mikhāy gusheshto bekhārunam?' (Do you want me to scratch your ear?)

Formal Writing

In essays or formal reports, always use 'khārānidan'. It shows a higher level of education and command of the language.

The Car Scratch

Imagine a car with thorns. Scratching the 'KHĀR-CAR' helps you remember the word 'khārānidan'.

The -un- Sound

In movies, you will hear 'khārun'. This is just the informal version. Don't let the change from 'ān' to 'un' confuse you.

Busy Bees

Use 'vagt-e sar khārāndan nadāram' to sound like a native when you are very busy with work or studies.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'CAR' (khār) with 'THORNS' on it. If you touch the CAR, you will need to KHĀR-ānidan (scratch) your hand.

Association visuelle

Picture a cat scratching a wooden post. The sound of the claws 'kh-kh-kh' mimics the 'kh' in khārānidan.

Word Web

خار (thorn) خارش (itch) ناخن (nail) پوست (skin) پشه (mosquito) گربه (cat) دست (hand) پشت (back)

Défi

Try to use 'khārānidan' in a sentence today while describing an animal or a nervous habit you saw.

Origine du mot

The word originates from the Proto-Indo-European root *gher- meaning 'to scrape' or 'to scratch'. In Old Persian, it developed into forms related to 'khār' (thorn).

Sens originel : The original sense was related to the piercing or scraping action of a thorn or a sharp object.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

Contexte culturel

Avoid using 'khārānidan' in very formal ceremonies unless describing a medical condition, as physical scratching can be seen as informal or rude in high-society etiquette.

English speakers use 'scratch' for both the feeling and the action. In Persian, you must distinguish between 'khāridan' (feeling) and 'khārānidan' (action).

Classical Persian poems often mention 'khār-e gham' (the thorn of sorrow) that makes the soul scratch. Modern Iranian films often use the 'head scratching' gesture to show a character's internal conflict. Medical brochures in Iran use 'khārānidan' to warn against skin damage.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Medical/Health

  • خارانیدن شدید پوست
  • جلوگیری از خارانیدن
  • خارش و خارانیدن
  • خارانیدن جای بخیه

Animal Behavior

  • سگ گوشش را می‌خاراند
  • گربه مبل را می‌خاراند
  • خرس و خارانیدن پشت
  • میمون‌ها همدیگر را می‌خارانند

Human Emotions/Body Language

  • خارانیدن سر از تعجب
  • خارانیدن ریش هنگام فکر کردن
  • خارانیدن عصبی بازو
  • خارانیدن چانه

Daily Annoyances

  • نیش پشه را نخاران
  • پشتم را می‌خارانی؟
  • لباس پشمی و خارانیدن
  • صابونی که باعث خارانیدن می‌شود

Metaphorical/Literary

  • خارانیدن سطح حقیقت
  • خارانیدن زخم‌های قدیمی
  • خارانیدن ذهن
  • قلم خارانیدن بر کاغذ

Amorces de conversation

"آیا می‌دانستی خارانیدن زیاد پوست ضرر دارد؟ (Did you know scratching the skin too much is harmful?)"

"چرا سگت مدام گوشش را می‌خاراند؟ (Why does your dog keep scratching its ear?)"

"وقتی پشه‌ تو را نیش می‌زند، چطور جلوی خارانیدن را می‌گیری؟ (When a mosquito bites you, how do you stop yourself from scratching?)"

"آیا تا به حال مجبور شده‌ای پشتت را به درخت بخارانی؟ (Have you ever had to scratch your back against a tree?)"

"در فرهنگ شما، خارانیدن سر چه معنایی دارد؟ (In your culture, what does scratching the head mean?)"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره زمانی بنویسید که یک خارش شدید داشتید و نمی‌توانستید آن را بخارانید. (Write about a time you had an intense itch and couldn't scratch it.)

توصیف کنید که حیوان خانگی شما چگونه خودش را می‌خاراند. (Describe how your pet scratches itself.)

آیا خارانیدن می‌تواند یک عادت عصبی باشد؟ نظر خود را بنویسید. (Can scratching be a nervous habit? Write your opinion.)

داستانی کوتاه درباره مردی بنویسید که وقت سر خارانیدن نداشت. (Write a short story about a man who didn't have time to scratch his head.)

چرا پزشکان ما را از خارانیدن زخم‌ها منع می‌کنند؟ (Why do doctors forbid us from scratching wounds?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Khāridan (خاریدن) means 'to itch'—it's the feeling you have. Khārānidan (خارانیدن) means 'to scratch'—it's the action you take with your nails to stop the itch. For example, 'Dastam mikhārad' (My hand itches) vs 'Dastam rā mikhārānam' (I am scratching my hand).

No, that's a common mistake. For scratching a car or a hard surface, use 'kharāshidan' (خراشیدن) or 'khat andākhtan' (خط انداختن). Khārānidan is specifically for relieving an itch on skin.

Khārānidan is the formal, literary form. In everyday speech, Iranians use 'khārāndan' or the colloquial 'khārundan'. For example, you'd say 'mikhārunam' instead of 'mikhārānam' in a casual setting.

You would say 'Pash-tam rā bekhārān' (پشتم را بخاران). If you want to be more casual, say 'Pash-tamo bekhārun'.

Yes, it is a transitive verb. You must specify what is being scratched. If you are scratching yourself, you can use a reflexive pronoun like 'khodam rā' or just the body part like 'pāyam rā'.

The root is 'khār' (خار), which means 'thorn'. This makes sense because a thorn causes a pricking sensation similar to an itch.

The present stem is 'khārān'. So: mikhārānam (I scratch), mikhārāni (you), mikhārānad (he/she), mikhārānim (we), mikhārānid (you pl.), mikhārānand (they).

Yes, 'sar khārāndan' (scratching the head) is a common idiom for being confused or busy. Also, 'khārānidan-e zahm-e kohne' means bringing up old, painful issues.

Yes, the infinitive 'khārānidan' or 'khārāndan' can act as a noun (the act of scratching). 'Khāresh' is the noun for 'an itch'.

You can say 'Nakhārān!' (formal) or 'Nakhārun!' (informal). To be more polite, say 'Lotfan dars az khārānidan bardārid'.

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Teste-toi 200 questions

writing

Write a sentence about a cat scratching a sofa.

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writing

Ask someone to scratch your back politely.

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writing

Describe why you are scratching your hand (mosquito bite).

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writing

Translate: 'He was scratching his head and thinking about the problem.'

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writing

Write a medical warning about scratching a wound.

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writing

How do you say 'I have no time to scratch my head'?

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writing

Describe a dog scratching its ear.

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writing

Translate: 'Don't scratch your skin with long nails.'

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writing

Use the word 'khārānidan' as a noun in a sentence.

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writing

Write a short dialogue between a doctor and a patient about itching.

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writing

Translate: 'The bear rubbed its back against the tree.'

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writing

Describe a nervous person scratching their beard.

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writing

Write three synonyms for scratching.

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writing

Translate: 'If you scratch my back, I will scratch yours.'

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writing

Explain the difference between khāridan and khārānidan in Persian.

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writing

Translate: 'The old man was scratching his back with a cane.'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'khārundan' (informal).

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writing

Translate: 'The more he scratched, the more it itched.'

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writing

Describe the physical sensation of an itch in Persian.

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writing

Translate: 'Refrain from scratching the affected area.'

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speaking

Say 'I am scratching my head' in Persian.

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speaking

Tell your friend not to scratch the mosquito bite.

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speaking

Ask: 'Can you scratch my back?'

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speaking

Explain why your dog is scratching itself.

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speaking

Say 'I am too busy to scratch my head' using the idiom.

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speaking

Pronounce 'khārānidan' correctly.

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speaking

Tell a child: 'Don't scratch, it will bleed.'

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speaking

Describe your reaction to a wool sweater.

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speaking

Use the informal 'khārundan' in a sentence.

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speaking

Say: 'He scratched his beard and thought.'

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speaking

Ask: 'Why are you scratching your arm?'

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speaking

Say: 'My back itches, scratch it please.'

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speaking

Describe a cat scratching a post.

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speaking

Say: 'I scratched my hand on the thorn.' (Note: use kharāshidan if wounded).

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speaking

Translate: 'Stop scratching!'

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speaking

Say: 'The baby is scratching his face.'

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speaking

Tell a doctor: 'It itches when I scratch it.'

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speaking

Say: 'Monkeys scratch each other.'

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speaking

Describe a bear scratching against a tree.

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speaking

Say: 'I scratched the old paint off.'

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listening

Listen and identify the verb: 'او پایش را خاراند.'

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listening

Is the speaker scratching or itching? 'Dastam mikhārad.'

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listening

Is the speaker scratching or itching? 'Dastam rā mikhārānam.'

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listening

Identify the object: 'Gorbe mobl rā khārānd.'

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listening

What body part is mentioned? 'Sarash rā mikhārānd.'

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listening

Is it a command? 'Nakhārān!'

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listening

Listen to the informal version: 'Khārundi?'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Translate: 'Vagt-e sar khārāndan nadāram.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

What animal is mentioned? 'Sag gushash rā mikhārānad.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Identify the tense: 'Khāhand khārānidan.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

What is the reason? 'Az sheddat-e khāresh mikhārānd.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Identify the instrument: 'Bā nākhon mikhārānam.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

What is the advice? 'Jā-ye zahm rā nakhārān.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Translate: 'Lotfan pash-tam rā bekhārān.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Identify the person: 'Mikhārānim.'

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
error correction

دستم می‌خارانم.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : دستم را می‌خارانم.

Missing direct object marker 'rā'.

error correction

سرم می‌خاراند.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : سرم می‌خارد.

If it's a sensation, use intransitive 'khāridan'.

error correction

او ماشین را خاراند.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : او روی ماشین خراش انداخت.

Use 'kharāshidan' for cars, not 'khārānidan'.

error correction

نخار!

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : نخاران!

The imperative of the action verb needs the 'ān'.

error correction

من دارم می‌خارم پشتم را.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : من دارم پشتم را می‌خارانم.

Incorrect verb choice and word order.

error correction

وقت سر خاراندن است.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : وقت سر خارانیدن ندارم.

The idiom means 'not having time'.

error correction

او با ناخن پوستش خاراند.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : او با ناخن پوستش را خاراند.

Missing 'rā'.

error correction

بچه صورتش را می‌خارید.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : بچه صورتش را می‌خاراند.

Wrong verb form for an action.

error correction

خارانیدن باعث عفونت می‌شود؟

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : Correct as is.

This sentence is already correct.

error correction

لطفاً پشتم را بخار.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : لطفاً پشتم را بخاران.

Incorrect imperative stem.

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

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