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A1 noun #4,500 le plus courant 9 min de lecture

خط کش

Q: What is the plural of 'khat-kesh'?

To make it plural, you add '-ha' to the end, making it 'خطکشها' (khat-kesh-ha).

Q: What is a T-square called in Persian?

It is called 'خطکش تی' (khat-kesh-e T), following the shape of the letter T.

Q: How do you spell 'khat-kesh' in Persian script?

It is spelled 'خ ط ک ش'. Note the half-space (ZWNJ) between the 't' and 'k'.

khat kesh Top 4,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces خط کش en 30 secondes

Explication خط کش in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'خط کش' (khat-kesh) is taught as a basic classroom object. You should know it along with words like 'medad' (pencil) and 'daftar' (notebook). The focus is on simple identification and possession: 'I have a ruler' (Man khat-kesh daram) or 'This is a ruler' (In khat-kesh ast). You will learn that it is used for drawing lines and that it comes in different colors and sizes. It is one of the first 500 words most students learn because of its high frequency in educational settings.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'خط کش' in more descriptive sentences. You can talk about its material (plastic, wood, metal) and its length (usually 30 centimeters). You will learn to use it with prepositions, such as 'ba khat-kesh' (with a ruler). You might also learn to ask for it in a store: 'Do you have a 20cm ruler?' (Khat-kesh-e bist santimeti darid?). At this stage, you should be comfortable using the plural 'khat-kesh-ha' and the specific form 'khat-kesh-ra'.

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At the B1 level, 'خط کش' is used in the context of describing processes or hobbies. For example, explaining how to make a handicraft or how to solve a geometry problem. You will understand it within a broader vocabulary of stationery and measurement. You might encounter it in reading passages about school memories or technical instructions. You should be able to explain why a ruler is necessary for a certain task, using more complex sentence structures like 'If I don't use a ruler, the line won't be straight.'

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At the B2 level, you might encounter 'خط کش' in more specialized contexts, such as architecture, engineering, or tailoring. You will learn about specialized rulers like the T-square (khat-kesh-e T) or the scale ruler. You should be able to discuss the precision (deghat) of the tool. At this level, the word is part of a larger technical vocabulary. You might also see it used in slightly more formal writing, such as a product description or a manual for a drafting table.

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At the C1 level, the word 'خط کش' is used fluently in any context. You might encounter it in literature as a metaphor for strictness or standard-setting. You will understand the nuances between 'khat-kesh' and other measurement tools in professional settings. You can follow complex instructions in a technical workshop where various types of rulers are used. Your pronunciation should be perfect, including the difficult 'kh' sound and the correct placement of the stress.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of the word. You understand its etymological roots deeply and can appreciate its use in idiomatic expressions or creative writing. You could give a presentation on the history of measurement tools in Iran, using 'خط کش' as a starting point. You are aware of the regional variations in how the word might be used or written and can use it effortlessly in both highly formal academic contexts and casual slang-filled conversations.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

خط کش en 30 secondes

Khat-kesh is the Persian word for ruler, used for measuring and drawing.
It is a compound word meaning 'line-puller' or 'line-drawer' (khat + kesh).
Essential for students, architects, and tailors, usually marked in centimeters.
Commonly made of plastic, wood, or metal; found in every stationery shop.

The Persian word خط کش (Khat-kesh) is a fundamental noun that every beginner learner encounters early in their journey. Etymologically, it is a compound word derived from khat (meaning 'line') and the present stem of the verb keshidan (meaning 'to draw' or 'to pull'). Therefore, a خط کش is literally a 'line-drawer.' In its most basic sense, it refers to a straight-edged instrument used in geometry, technical drawing, and various crafts to measure distances or to rule straight lines. For an English speaker, this is the direct equivalent of a 'ruler.'

Educational Context: In the Iranian school system, the خط کش is the first tool introduced in mathematics and art classes. Students are taught to use it alongside a pencil (medad) and an eraser (pak-kon). It symbolizes the beginning of precision and structured learning.
Professional Application: Beyond the classroom, architects (memar-ha) and engineers (mohandes-an) use specialized versions like the T-square (خط کش تی) or triangular scales to create blueprints. In tailoring (khayyati), a flexible ruler is essential for measuring fabric curves.

دانش‌آموز با استفاده از خط کش یک مربع دقیق کشید.
— The student drew a precise square using a ruler.

When you visit a stationery shop in Iran, known as a lavazem-ol-tahrir, you will see a vast variety of these tools. They range from simple 15-centimeter plastic ones that fit in a pencil case (jamedadi) to long wooden meter sticks used by shopkeepers to measure textiles. The physical nature of the خط کش—being rigid and straight—also lends itself to metaphorical uses in Persian literature and daily speech, often representing a standard or a criterion for judgment.

نجار برای اندازه‌گیری چوب از خط کش فلزی استفاده می‌کند.
— The carpenter uses a metal ruler to measure the wood.

Material Variations: Rulers can be pelastiki (plastic), chubi (wooden), or felezi (metal). Each material serves a different purpose; metal is for durability in workshops, while plastic is lightweight for students.

To master this word, imagine the action of drawing a line. The 'khat' is the result, and the 'kesh' is the instrument that pulls that line into existence. This logical construction is typical of Persian nouns, making them easier to memorize once you understand the root components. Whether you are measuring a piece of paper or designing a building, the خط کش remains an indispensable part of the Persian vocabulary for describing the world of shapes and dimensions.

Using خط کش in a sentence requires an understanding of basic Persian syntax, specifically how to handle objects and instruments. Since it is a concrete noun, it often follows the preposition ba (with) when describing the act of using it as a tool. For example, 'I draw with a ruler' translates to من با خط‌کش می‌کشم (Man ba khat-kesh mi-kesham). Notice how the word remains unchanged in its basic singular form.

آیا می‌توانی خط کش را به من قرض بدهی؟
— Can you lend me the ruler?

In Persian, when you refer to a specific ruler, you add the marker ra after the noun. Thus, خط‌کش را (khat-kesh-ra) indicates 'the ruler.' This is crucial for beginners to distinguish between 'a ruler' (any ruler) and 'the ruler' (the one we are talking about). If you are describing the properties of the ruler, such as its length or color, you would use the Ezafe construction: khat-kesh-e boland (the long ruler) or khat-kesh-e man (my ruler).

Imperative Usage: In a classroom setting, a teacher might say: 'Khat-kesh-ha ra ruye miz bogozarid' (Put the rulers on the table). Here, the plural suffix -ha is added to make خط‌کش‌ها.
Descriptive Usage: To describe the size: 'In khat-kesh si santimetr ast' (This ruler is thirty centimeters). This demonstrates the standard metric system used in Iran.

او همیشه یک خط کش کوچک در کیفش دارد.
— She always has a small ruler in her bag.

Furthermore, the word can be used in more complex compound sentences. For instance, 'When you draw a map, you must use a ruler' becomes Vaghti nagshe mikashi, bayad az khat-kesh estefade koni. Here, the phrase az ... estefade kardan (to use ...) is a common way to express the utility of the tool. By practicing these variations, you will not only learn the word itself but also the fundamental structures of Persian communication.

The most common place to hear خط کش is within the four walls of an educational institution. From elementary schools (dabestan) to universities, it is a ubiquitous term. In a geometry class, the teacher might frequently call out, 'Khat-kesh-ha-ye-tan ra birun biavarid' (Take out your rulers). It is part of the essential vocabulary for students alongside pargar (compass) and gonya (set square).

ببخشید، آقا/خانم، من خط کش ندارم، می‌توانم یکی قرض بگیرم؟
— Excuse me, sir/ma'am, I don't have a ruler, can I borrow one?

In the Market: If you go to the Grand Bazaar of Tehran or any local shopping center, you will hear this word in the stationery section. A customer might ask, 'Khat-kesh-e felezi darid?' (Do you have a metal ruler?). The shopkeeper might reply by showing different lengths: 'Bist santimeti ya si santimeti?' (Twenty centimeters or thirty?).
In Design Studios: In graphic design or architecture offices, the term is used in more technical discussions. Architects might discuss the 'scale' of a ruler, though they often use the French-derived word eshale for scale rulers.

You might also encounter the word in DIY (Do It Yourself) videos or Persian cooking shows if someone is measuring the thickness of a dough or the length of a cake mold. In tailoring shops, the خط کش خیاطی (tailor's ruler) is a frequent topic of conversation as they adjust patterns. In every case, the word signifies a need for accuracy. Even in casual conversation, if someone is being very strict or 'straight-edged,' a person might jokingly refer to them as being as straight as a ruler, though other metaphors are more common for personality traits.

این خط کش برای کشیدن خطوط موازی عالی است.
— This ruler is excellent for drawing parallel lines.

Ultimately, khat-kesh is a practical, everyday word. Whether you are a student, an artist, or just someone trying to hang a picture frame straight on the wall, you will find yourself using this word frequently in a Persian-speaking environment.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning خط کش is mispronouncing the initial 'kh' (خ) sound. English does not have this specific sound, and learners often substitute it with a hard 'k' or a soft 'h.' Pronouncing it as 'kat-kesh' or 'hat-kesh' will make it difficult for native speakers to understand you. It requires a slight rasping sound in the back of the throat.

Confusing with 'Khat': Sometimes learners simply say khat when they mean ruler. Remember, khat means 'line' or 'handwriting.' You cannot measure something with a 'line'; you need the tool, which is the khat-kesh.
Pluralization Errors: In Persian, if you have a number before the noun, the noun stays singular. A common mistake is saying 'do khat-kesh-ha' (two rulers). The correct way is دو خط‌کش (do khat-kesh). The plurality is already indicated by the number.

اشتباه: من دو خط‌کش‌ها خریدم. (غلط)
درست: من دو خط‌کش خریدم. (صحیح)

Another mistake involves the verb 'to measure.' While you might want to say 'I ruler the paper' in a broken way, in Persian you must use the verb andaze-giri kardan (to measure). You use the khat-kesh to perform the action, but the khat-kesh itself is not a verb. Always remember to include the preposition 'ba' (with) when describing the tool's use.

Lastly, don't confuse خط کش with metr (tape measure). While both measure length, a metr is usually flexible and used for longer distances or body measurements, whereas a khat-kesh is almost always rigid and used for shorter, precise tasks on flat surfaces.

While خط کش is the standard term for a ruler, there are several related words that you might encounter depending on the context of measurement and drawing. Understanding these distinctions will greatly enhance your Persian vocabulary and help you sound more like a native speaker.

Gonya (Set Square / Triangle): A gonya is a triangular ruler used to draw right angles. In school, students usually have a set that includes both a khat-kesh and a gonya.
Naghale (Protractor): A naghale is used for measuring angles in degrees. It is usually semi-circular and is a close cousin to the ruler in any geometry kit.
Metr (Tape Measure): As mentioned before, metr refers to a tape measure. Construction workers and tailors use a metr more often than a khat-kesh.

من برای این پروژه به خط کش، گونیا و نقاله نیاز دارم.
— I need a ruler, a set square, and a protractor for this project.

In more technical or historical contexts, you might hear the word miz-an (scale/measure) or meghyas (scale). However, these are more abstract. For the physical object in your hand, خط کش remains the undisputed term. If you are looking for a 'straight edge' that doesn't necessarily have measurements on it, you might still call it a khat-kesh, as the primary function of 'drawing a line' is still being served.

By learning these synonyms and related tools, you build a semantic web that makes each individual word easier to recall. The next time you are in a stationery shop, try to identify all these different tools by their Persian names!

How Formal Is It?

Formel

Neutre

Informel

Child friendly

Argot

Le savais-tu ?

Persian is full of these logical 'Instrumental Nouns' where you take the object of the action and add the stem of the verb to describe the tool.

Guide de prononciation

UK /xæt kɛʃ/

US /xæt kɛʃ/

The primary stress is on the second syllable: kesh.

Rime avec

کِش (kesh - drawer) نِوِشت (nevesht - wrote - partial rhyme) بِش (besh - short for be-shav) فِلِش (felesh - flash/arrow) تِش (tesh - rare) نِش (nesh - rare) خوش (khosh - happy - slant rhyme) آتِش (atesh - fire - slant rhyme)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' (Kat-kesh).
Pronouncing 'kh' as 'h' (Hat-kesh).
Putting stress on the first syllable (KHAT-kesh).
Softening the 'sh' too much.
Merging the two words into one vowel sound.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 1/5

Very easy to read as it consists of two simple, common words.

Écriture 2/5

Requires knowledge of the 'kh' (خ) and 'sh' (ش) characters.

Expression orale 3/5

The 'kh' sound can be challenging for English speakers.

Écoute 1/5

Distinctive sound, easy to pick out in a sentence.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

خط (Line) کشیدن (To draw) مداد (Pencil) میز (Table) مدرسه (School)

Apprends ensuite

پرگار (Compass) گونیا (Set square) نقاله (Protractor) اندازه (Size) سانتی‌متر (Centimeter)

Avancé

ترسیم (Drafting) هندسه (Geometry) مقیاس (Scale) دقت (Precision) کالیبراسیون (Calibration)

Grammaire à connaître

Compound Noun Formation

Khat (Noun) + Kesh (Stem) = Khat-kesh (Instrumental Noun).

Pluralization with -ha

Khat-kesh + ha = Khat-kesh-ha (Rulers).

Ezafe Construction for Adjectives

Khat-kesh-e boland (Long ruler).

Object Marker 'ra'

Khat-kesh ra bardar (Pick up the ruler).

Numbers and Nouns

Se khat-kesh (Three rulers - Noun stays singular).

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Exemples par niveau

من یک خط کش دارم.

I have a ruler.

Simple subject-object-verb structure.

این خط کش آبی است.

This ruler is blue.

Using 'ast' (is) for description.

خط کش کجاست؟

Where is the ruler?

Question word 'koja' combined with 'ast'.

خط کش روی میز است.

The ruler is on the table.

Preposition 'ruye' (on).

او خط کش می‌خواهد.

He/She wants a ruler.

Third person singular verb 'mikhand'.

یک خط کش کوچک بخر.

Buy a small ruler.

Imperative form of 'kharidan'.

خط کش من کجاست؟

Where is my ruler?

Possessive Ezafe 'khat-kesh-e man'.

این خط کش بلند است.

This ruler is long.

Adjective 'boland' (long) following the noun.

با خط کش یک خط صاف بکش.

Draw a straight line with a ruler.

Preposition 'ba' indicates instrument.

او دو خط کش در جامدادی دارد.

He has two rulers in the pencil case.

Noun remains singular after a number.

خط کش را به من بده.

Give me the ruler.

The suffix 'ra' marks the definite object.

این خط کش سی سانتی‌متر است.

This ruler is thirty centimeters.

Stating measurement using 'ast'.

خط کش‌های مدرسه ارزان هستند.

School rulers are cheap.

Plural suffix '-ha' with plural verb 'hastand'.

من خط کش فلزی را ترجیح می‌دهم.

I prefer the metal ruler.

Compound verb 'tarjih dadan'.

آیا خط کش تو شکسته است؟

Is your ruler broken?

Past participle 'shekaste' (broken).

او با خط کش قد کتاب را اندازه گرفت.

She measured the height of the book with a ruler.

Compound verb 'andaze gereftan'.

برای کشیدن نقشه، حتماً از خط کش استفاده کنید.

To draw a map, definitely use a ruler.

Subjunctive 'estefade konid' for advice.

خط کش چوبی قدیمی‌ام را گم کرده‌ام.

I have lost my old wooden ruler.

Present perfect 'gom karde-am'.

او همیشه خط کش را با دقت در کیفش می‌گذارد.

She always puts the ruler carefully in her bag.

Adverbial phrase 'ba deghat' (with care).

اگر خط کش نداشته باشی، خطوط تو کج خواهند بود.

If you don't have a ruler, your lines will be crooked.

Conditional sentence type 1.

این خط کش از پلاستیک بازیافتی ساخته شده است.

This ruler is made of recycled plastic.

Passive voice 'sakhte shode ast'.

او به دنبال یک خط کش مهندسی می‌گشت.

He was looking for an engineering ruler.

Past continuous 'migasht'.

بچه‌ها، خط کش‌هایتان را روی لبه میز نگذارید.

Children, don't put your rulers on the edge of the table.

Negative imperative 'nagozarid'.

دقت این خط کش بسیار بالا است.

The precision of this ruler is very high.

Abstract noun 'deghat' (precision).

در خیاطی، از خط کش‌های منحنی برای طراحی الگو استفاده می‌شود.

In tailoring, curved rulers are used for designing patterns.

Use of specialized terminology like 'monhani' (curved).

خط کش تی یکی از ابزارهای اصلی در رسم فنی است.

The T-square is one of the main tools in technical drawing.

Compound noun 'khat-kesh-e T'.

او با یک خط کش فلزی، طول پارچه را با دقت میلی‌متری اندازه زد.

With a metal ruler, he measured the length of the fabric with millimeter precision.

Complex adverbial phrase 'ba deghat-e millimetri'.

خط کش‌های منعطف برای اندازه‌گیری سطوح غیرصاف بسیار مفید هستند.

Flexible rulers are very useful for measuring non-flat surfaces.

Adjective 'mon-atef' (flexible).

بدون خط کش، رعایت مقیاس در نقشه غیرممکن است.

Without a ruler, maintaining scale in a map is impossible.

Using 'bedun-e' (without) and 'gheyr-e momken' (impossible).

او خط کش را به عنوان معیاری برای سنجش درستی کارش قرار داد.

He placed the ruler as a criterion for assessing the correctness of his work.

Abstract usage of 'meyar' (criterion).

در این کارگاه، انواع مختلف خط کش برای کاربردهای گوناگون وجود دارد.

In this workshop, there are various types of rulers for diverse applications.

Plural 'anva-e mokhtalef' (various types).

خط کش باید کاملاً صاف و بدون هیچ‌گونه تاب‌خوردگی باشد.

The ruler must be perfectly straight and without any warping.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must).

دقت ریاضیاتی مستلزم بهره‌گیری از ابزارهای دقیق نظیر خط کش‌های لیزری است.

Mathematical precision requires the utilization of precise tools such as laser rulers.

Formal vocabulary: 'mostalzem' (requires), 'bahre-giri' (utilization).

او با وسواسی خاص، خط کش را بر لبه کاغذ مماس کرد.

With a particular obsession, he made the ruler tangent to the edge of the paper.

Advanced phrase 'mamas kardan' (to make tangent/align).

در متون قدیمی، ابزارهایی مشابه خط کش برای استخراج خطوط موازی توصیف شده‌اند.

In ancient texts, tools similar to rulers have been described for extracting parallel lines.

Passive perfect 'towsif shode-and'.

خط کش در اینجا تنها یک ابزار نیست، بلکه نمادی از نظم و انضباط است.

The ruler here is not just a tool, but a symbol of order and discipline.

Rhetorical structure 'na tanha... balke' (not only... but also).

تولید خط کش‌های فولادی نیازمند فرآیندهای صنعتی پیچیده‌ای است.

The production of steel rulers requires complex industrial processes.

Gerund 'tolid' (production) as a subject.

او همواره با خط کشِ منطق، مسائل زندگی را تحلیل می‌کرد.

He always analyzed life's issues with the ruler of logic.

Metaphorical use of 'khat-kesh'.

در طراحی مدرن، خط کش‌های فیزیکی جای خود را به ابزارهای دیجیتال داده‌اند.

In modern design, physical rulers have given their place to digital tools.

Idiomatic phrase 'jay-e khod ra dadan'.

عدم وجود خط کش در جعبه ابزار، نشان‌دهنده بی‌نظمی است.

The lack of a ruler in the toolbox is a sign of disorganization.

Formal construction 'adam-e vojud' (lack of existence).

تطبیق دقیقِ خطوط بر مبنای درجاتِ مندرج بر خط کش، از ارکانِ ترسیماتِ فنی است.

The precise alignment of lines based on the degrees inscribed on the ruler is one of the pillars of technical drawing.

Highly formal 'ar-kan' (pillars/essentials).

وی با تکیه بر خط کشِ صراحت، مرز میانِ حقیقت و مجاز را ترسیم نمود.

Relying on the ruler of candor, he drew the boundary between truth and metaphor.

Literary verb 'tarsim namud' (drew/sketched).

هرگونه انحراف از معیارِ خط کش در این صنعت، منجر به خسارات جبران‌ناپذیری می‌گردد.

Any deviation from the ruler's standard in this industry leads to irreparable damages.

Formal 'monjar be ... migardad' (leads to...).

خط کش‌های مورد استفاده در دریانوردی قدیم، از ظرافت‌های ساختاری بی‌نظیری برخوردار بودند.

The rulers used in ancient seafaring possessed unique structural delicacies.

Complex Ezafe chains and formal verb 'barkhordar budan'.

او با نگاهی موشکافانه، کالیبراسیونِ خط کش را به چالش کشید.

With a scrutinizing look, he challenged the calibration of the ruler.

Compound verb 'be chalesh keshidan' (to challenge).

در پارادایم‌های جدیدِ آموزشی، خط کش فراتر از یک شیء، به عنوانِ میانجیِ درکِ فضایی نگریسته می‌شود.

In new educational paradigms, the ruler is viewed beyond an object, as a mediator of spatial understanding.

Academic passive 'negariste mishavad'.

استحکامِ ساختاریِ بنا، مرهونِ محاسباتِ دقیقی است که با خط کش‌های مهندسی آغاز شده‌اند.

The structural strength of the building is indebted to the precise calculations that began with engineering rulers.

Formal 'marhun-e' (indebted to/due to).

فقدانِ یک خط کشِ واحد در سیاست‌گذاری، موجبِ تشتتِ آرا در میانِ مسئولین گردید.

The lack of a single ruler (standard) in policymaking caused a fragmentation of opinions among officials.

Metaphorical use in political discourse.

Collocations courantes

خط‌کش سی سانتی‌متری

خط‌کش فلزی

با خط‌کش کشیدن

خط‌کش چوبی

لبه خط‌کش

خط‌کش تی

خط‌کش منعطف

درجات خط‌کش

خط‌کش مهندسی

گم کردن خط‌کش

Phrases Courantes

خط‌کش گذاشتن

— To place a ruler (usually to check straightness).

او روی دیوار خط‌کش گذاشت تا تراز بودن را چک کند.

از خط‌کش استفاده کردن

— To use a ruler for a task.

باید از خط‌کش استفاده کنی تا خطت صاف شود.

خط‌کش و پرگار

— The standard set of geometric tools.

او با خط‌کش و پرگار یک دایره و مربع کشید.

اندازه گرفتن با خط‌کش

— Measuring something using a ruler.

طول مداد را با خط‌کش اندازه بگیر.

خط‌کش را صاف نگه دار

— Hold the ruler straight.

موقع کشیدن، خط‌کش را صاف نگه دار.

خط‌کش پلاستیکی

— Plastic ruler (the most common type).

خط‌کش پلاستیکی من شفاف است.

خریدن خط‌کش

— Buying a ruler.

می‌خواهم یک خط‌کش جدید بخرم.

خط‌کش در جامدادی

— Ruler in the pencil case.

آیا خط‌کش در جامدادی تو جا می‌شود؟

خط‌کش شکسته

— A broken ruler.

او با یک خط‌کش شکسته هم می‌تواند خط بکشد.

خط‌کش تاشو

— A folding ruler.

بناها گاهی از خط‌کش تاشو استفاده می‌کنند.

Souvent confondu avec

خط کش vs متر (Metr)

A metr is for long distances or body measurements; a khat-kesh is for short, straight lines.

خط کش vs خط (Khat)

Khat is the result (the line); khat-kesh is the tool (the ruler).

خط کش vs گونیا (Gonya)

Gonya is specifically triangular for 90-degree angles.

Expressions idiomatiques

"مثل خط‌کش صاف"

— As straight as a ruler; used to describe something perfectly straight or someone very honest.

این جاده مثل خط‌کش صاف است.

Casual

"خط‌کش گذاشتن روی رفتار کسی"

— To measure or judge someone's behavior strictly against a standard.

نباید روی رفتار همه خط‌کش بگذاری.

Metaphorical

"با خط‌کشِ خود سنجیدن"

— To judge others by one's own standards.

او همه چیز را با خط‌کشِ خود می‌سنجد.

Literary

"خط‌کش به دست گرفتن"

— To take control or start setting strict rules.

مدیر جدید خط‌کش به دست گرفته و نظم برقرار کرده است.

Informal

"از خط‌کش رد نشدن"

— To not meet the required standard (rarely used).

این قطعه از خط‌کشِ بازرسی رد نشد.

Technical

"خط‌کش کشیدن دور چیزی"

— To limit or set boundaries around something.

او دور آرزوهایش خط‌کش کشیده است.

Poetic

"یک خط‌کش فاصله"

— A very small, precise distance (figurative).

تا پیروزی فقط یک خط‌کش فاصله داشتیم.

Informal

"خط‌کشِ عدالت"

— The standard of justice.

قاضی باید با خط‌کشِ عدالت حکم کند.

Formal

"قد کشیدن مثل خط‌کش"

— To grow tall and straight.

پسرش مثل خط‌کش قد کشیده است.

Casual

"خط‌کش انداختن"

— To align things perfectly in a row.

باغبان درخت‌ها را خط‌کش انداخته و کاشته است.

Informal

Facile à confondre

خط کش vs کش (Kesh)

It is part of the word 'khat-kesh'.

'Kesh' alone can mean a rubber band or the stem of pulling. 'Khat-kesh' is only a ruler.

این کش خیلی سفت است (This rubber band is very tight).

خط کش vs نقاله (Naghale)

Both are in the geometry set.

Naghale measures angles (degrees); khat-kesh measures length (cm).

با نقاله زاویه را اندازه بگیر.

خط کش vs پرگار (Pargar)

Both are in the geometry set.

Pargar draws circles; khat-kesh draws straight lines.

پرگار برای کشیدن دایره است.

خط کش vs مداد (Medad)

Used together.

Medad provides the graphite; khat-kesh provides the straight edge.

مداد را تیز کن.

خط کش vs دفتر (Daftar)

Context of school.

Daftar is where you draw; khat-kesh is how you draw straight.

در دفترت بنویس.

Structures de phrases

من یک [اسم] دارم.

من یک خط‌کش دارم.

این [اسم] [صفت] است.

این خط‌کش سبز است.

با [اسم] [فعل].

با خط‌کش بکش.

[اسم] را به من بده.

خط‌کش را به من بده.

من به [اسم] نیاز دارم تا [فعل].

من به خط‌کش نیاز دارم تا مربع بکشم.

اگر [اسم] نداشته باشم، [فعل].

اگر خط‌کش نداشته باشم، نمی‌توانم خط بکشم.

[اسم] وسیله‌ای است برای [فعل].

خط‌کش وسیله‌ای است برای اندازه‌گیری طول.

استفاده از [اسم] نشان‌دهنده [مفهوم] است.

استفاده از خط‌کش نشان‌دهنده دقت در کار است.

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very common in educational and technical domains.

Erreurs courantes

Man yek khat-kesh-ha daram. → Man yek khat-kesh daram.
You cannot use a plural suffix (-ha) with the indefinite 'yek' (one).
Khat-kesh ra ruye miz hast. → Khat-kesh ruye miz ast.
Do not use 'ra' for the subject of the sentence. 'Ra' is only for definite objects.
Pronouncing it 'Kat-kesh'. → Khat-kesh (with a raspy 'Kh').
The 'Kh' sound is essential for being understood.
Using 'metr' for a small 15cm ruler. → Using 'khat-kesh'.
A 'metr' is usually a flexible tape measure, not a rigid school ruler.
Writing 'khat' and 'kesh' as two separate words with a large space. → Using a half-space: خط‌کش.
It is a single compound noun and should be treated as one unit visually.

Astuces

Master the 'Kh'

Don't say 'K'. The 'Kh' sound is like you are clearing your throat. Practice saying 'Khat' until it sounds raspy.

Compound Logic

Remember that many Persian tools end in '-kesh' (puller) or '-kon' (doer). This will help you learn other words like 'dandan-kesh' (tooth-puller/pliers).

No Plural after Numbers

If you say 'five rulers', say 'panj khat-kesh'. Never add '-ha' when a number is present.

Half-Space Matters

In digital typing, use the ZWNJ (Shift+Space on many Persian keyboards) to keep 'khat' and 'kesh' together properly.

Centimeters vs Inches

Always assume measurements are in 'santimetr' when using a khat-kesh in an Iranian context.

Buying Stationery

Ask for 'lavazem-ol-tahrir' to find a shop that sells rulers.

School Basics

Learn khat-kesh along with 'medad' (pencil) and 'pak-kon' (eraser) as they are always used together.

Persian Art

Rulers are used in 'Khatati' (calligraphy) to draw the 'korsi' or the base line for letters.

Visual Link

Visualize a line (khat) being pulled (kesh) out of a tool. That tool is the khat-kesh.

Types of Rulers

Learn 'felezi' (metal) and 'chubi' (wooden) to specify what kind of ruler you need.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Cat' (Khat) 'Catching' (Kesh) a straight line. Khat-Kesh!

Association visuelle

Imagine a cat pulling a long, straight string across a table. The string is the 'khat' and the cat is the 'kesh'.

Word Web

خط (Line) کشیدن (To draw) مدرسه (School) ریاضی (Math) اندازه (Measure) صاف (Straight) پلاستیک (Plastic) مهندس (Engineer)

Défi

Try to find 5 objects in your room and measure them using a 'khat-kesh'. Say the length out loud in Persian: 'In medad dah santimetr ast.'

Origine du mot

A compound of Persian 'khat' (borrowed from Arabic 'khatt' meaning line/writing) and the Persian present stem 'kesh' from 'keshidan' (to pull/draw).

Sens originel : The literal meaning is 'that which pulls/draws a line.'

Indo-European (Persian) with Semitic (Arabic) loanword component.

Contexte culturel

No specific sensitivities. It is a neutral, everyday object.

In English, we say 'ruler' (someone who rules) or 'scale'. In Persian, it's more descriptive of the action (line-drawer).

Used in school textbooks across Iran. Commonly featured in 'Lavazem-ol-tahrir' (stationery) advertisements. A standard item in the 'Jamedadi' (pencil case) of famous Iranian child characters in literature.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At School

خط‌کشت رو بده.
با خط‌کش بکش.
خط‌کشم شکست.
خط‌کش چند سانتیه؟

At a Stationery Shop

خط‌کش فلزی دارید؟
قیمت این خط‌کش چنده؟
خط‌کش سی سانتی می‌خوام.
خط‌کش شفاف دارید؟

In a Carpentry Workshop

خط‌کش رو بذار اینجا.
با خط‌کش فلزی چک کن.
اندازه رو با خط‌کش بزن.
خط‌کش بلند رو بیار.

In a Tailoring Shop

خط‌کش منحنی کجاست؟
با خط‌کش علامت بزن.
خط‌کش خیاطی لازمه.
لبه پارچه رو با خط‌کش صاف کن.

In a Geometry Class

خط‌کش و نقاله رو بیارید.
یک خط به طول ۵ سانت با خط‌کش بکشید.
دقت خط‌کش مهمه.
خط‌کش رو موازات لبه قرار بده.

Amorces de conversation

"آیا می‌توانی خط‌کشت را برای یک لحظه به من قرض بدهی؟ (Can you lend me your ruler for a moment?)"

"به نظر تو خط‌کش فلزی بهتر است یا پلاستیکی؟ (Do you think a metal ruler is better or a plastic one?)"

"چرا همیشه خط‌کش‌های من در مدرسه گم می‌شوند؟ (Why do my rulers always get lost at school?)"

"آیا می‌دانی چطور بدون خط‌کش یک خط صاف بکشی؟ (Do you know how to draw a straight line without a ruler?)"

"بزرگترین خط‌کشی که تا به حال دیده‌ای چقدر بوده است؟ (What is the largest ruler you have ever seen?)"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره اولین باری که در مدرسه استفاده از خط‌کش را یاد گرفتی بنویس. (Write about the first time you learned to use a ruler at school.)

اگر یک خط‌کش جادویی داشتی که می‌توانست هر چیزی را اندازه بگیرد، چه چیزی را اندازه می‌گرفتی؟ (If you had a magic ruler that could measure anything, what would you measure?)

تفاوت بین یک زندگی با نظم (مثل خط‌کش) و یک زندگی بدون نظم را توصیف کن. (Describe the difference between a life with order (like a ruler) and a life without order.)

لیستی از تمام وسایلی که در جامدادی‌ات داری تهیه کن و نقش خط‌کش را در آن توضیح بده. (Make a list of all the items in your pencil case and explain the role of the ruler.)

چرا دقت در اندازه‌گیری برای یک مهندس یا معمار حیاتی است؟ (Why is precision in measurement vital for an engineer or architect?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

The word for ruler in Persian is 'خط کش' (khat-kesh). It literally means 'line-drawer.' It is a very common word used by students and professionals alike.

Persian does not have grammatical gender. So, 'khat-kesh' is neutral, just like all other nouns in the language.

To make it plural, you add '-ha' to the end, making it 'خط‌کش‌ها' (khat-kesh-ha).

You can say: 'Mi-tavani khat-kesh-at ra be man gharz bedahi?' (Can you lend me your ruler?)

Iran uses the metric system, so almost all rulers (khat-kesh) are marked in centimeters and millimeters.

'Khat' means line, handwriting, or script. It is the first part of the word 'khat-kesh'.

It is called 'خط‌کش تی' (khat-kesh-e T), following the shape of the letter T.

No, it is only a noun. To say 'to measure,' you use 'andaze gereftan' or 'andaze-giri kardan'.

It is spelled 'خ ط ‌ ک ش'. Note the half-space (ZWNJ) between the 't' and 'k'.

Sometimes it is used metaphorically to describe someone who is very rigid, strict, or honest, similar to 'straight as an arrow' in English.

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