Omission des pronoms relatifs (le raccourci 'that')
that quand il est l'objet de ta subordonnée relative. C'est un raccourci stylistique et super simple !
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
You can often delete 'that', 'who', or 'which' if they are the object of the following verb.
- Drop it if a new subject follows: 'The movie (that) I saw' is perfect.
- Keep it if it acts as the subject: 'The man who lives here' (cannot drop).
- Keep it in non-defining clauses (extra info with commas): 'My car, which is blue, is old.'
Overview
relative pronoun drop, ou le raccourci du that.that, which ou who peuvent tout simplement disparaître.defining relative clause (une proposition relative restrictive). Ces propositions sont essentielles car elles servent à identifier précisément de quel objet ou de quelle personne on parle. Par exemple, dans la phrase The car that I bought is blue, la partie that I bought nous indique de quelle voiture il s'agit précisément.- 1Le pronom est l'objet (Omission possible) :
I, you, we, etc.), alors il fonctionne comme un objet. Dans The movie that we watched, le sujet de watched est we. Le pronom that représente le film, qui est l'objet de l'action de regarder.that soit facultatif. Tu peux donc dire : The movie we watched.- 1Le pronom est le sujet (Omission impossible) :
The man who lives next door, le pronom who fait l'action de vivre (lives). Si tu le supprimes, le verbe lives se retrouve sans sujet, ce qui rend la phrase agrammaticale et incompréhensible.The man lives next door is nice (cela ressemblerait à deux phrases télescopées).Pronoun + Subject + Verb, tu peux souvent supprimer le pronom.Pronoun + Verb, tu dois le garder.zero relative pronoun.The laptop that I use. | The laptop I use. | Possible (suivi de I) |The client who we met. | The client we met. | Possible (suivi de we) |The plan that worked. | *Impossible* | Interdit (suivi du verbe worked) |The girl who won. | *Impossible* | Interdit (suivi du verbe won) |The person with whom I work.- Étape 1 (Formel) :
The project on which I am working. - Étape 2 (Standard) :
The project that I am working on. - Étape 3 (Naturel/Raccourci) :
The project I am working on.
preposition stranding (la préposition orpheline). Pour un francophone, laisser une préposition seule à la fin d'une phrase peut sembler étrange, voire incorrect, mais en anglais, c'est le signe d'une maîtrise parfaite de la langue parlée.that ou which à chaque fois peut alourdir ton discours.- Exemple :
The coffee I ordered is coldau lieu deThe coffee that I ordered is cold. - Exemple :
Is this the book you were looking for?au lieu deIs this the book that you were looking for?.
- Exemple :
I've attached the document you requested. - Exemple :
Let me know the time you're available.
that (par exemple, un that de conjonction comme dans I think that...), supprimer le pronom relatif permet d'alléger la phrase.- Moins bon :
I think that the ideas that you shared are great. - Bien meilleur :
I think that the ideas you shared are great.
- L'écriture académique ou juridique : Dans un essai universitaire ou un contrat, la précision prime sur la fluidité. Garder le pronom évite toute ambiguïté.
- Les
Non-defining relative clauses: Ce sont les clauses qui ajoutent une information supplémentaire entre virgules. Ici, le pronom est obligatoire. - Exemple :
My car, which I bought last year, is already broken.(On ne peut pas supprimerwhichici car il y a des virgules). - Pour mettre l'accent : Parfois, on garde le
thatpour insister lourdement sur l'objet dont on parle.
- Erreur :
*The man lives next door is a doctor. - Pourquoi ça arrive : Le cerveau essaie de simplifier, mais il oublie qu'en anglais, un verbe comme
livesne peut pas flotter sans sujet explicite dans une subordonnée. - Correction :
The man who lives next door is a doctor.(Ici,whoest le sujet delives, on ne peut pas l'enlever).
what à la place de that*The thing what I like.- Erreur :
*The movie what I saw was great. - Pourquoi ça arrive : Confusion avec le « que » français.
- Correction :
The movie (that) I saw was great.Souviens-toi :whatne s'utilise jamais comme pronom relatif après un nom. On utilise soitthat, soit rien du tout !
- Erreur :
*The film I'm talking. - Correction :
The film I'm talking about.
relative pronoun drop avec d'autres structures pour bien saisir les nuances.The cake (that) she baked. |The person who called you. |This cake, which is sweet, is my favorite. |The house (that) I live in. |QUI (sujet) / QUE (objet). L'anglais est plus flexible : THAT peut faire les deux, mais il ne peut s'effacer que lorsqu'il joue le rôle de QUE (l'objet).dont. En anglais, dont n'existe pas de façon unique. Il se traduit souvent par un pronom + une préposition à la fin (the man I told you about), ce qui facilite l'omission du pronom, contrairement au français où « dont » est soudé à la phrase.who pour les personnes ?who est l'objet de la phrase, il peut disparaître. The man I met est beaucoup plus naturel que The man who I met. Note qu'en anglais très formel, on utiliserait whom, mais dans la vie courante, l'omission est préférable.that fait de moi quelqu'un de paresseux ou d'impoli ?I'm au lieu de I am). C'est la norme dans 90 % des interactions sociales et professionnelles.I, you, he, Sarah, the dog), alors tu peux l'enlever sans crainte.whose ?whose (dont le/la/les) ne peut jamais être supprimé car il exprime un lien de possession indispensable à la compréhension de la phrase. The boy whose bike was stolen ne peut pas devenir *The boy bike was stolen.When to Drop vs. When to Keep
| Type | Relative Pronoun Role | Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Defining
|
Object
|
Can Drop
|
The car (that) I bought.
|
|
Defining
|
Subject
|
Must Keep
|
The car that hit me.
|
|
Non-Defining
|
Object
|
Must Keep
|
My car, which I bought last year, is red.
|
|
Non-Defining
|
Subject
|
Must Keep
|
My car, which was expensive, is red.
|
Meanings
In English, relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that) can be omitted in defining relative clauses when they function as the object of the clause, making the sentence more concise and natural in speech.
Object Omission
Dropping the pronoun when it represents the person or thing receiving the action in the relative clause.
“The person (who) I met was nice.”
“The book (which) she wrote is a bestseller.”
Prepositional Omission
Dropping the pronoun when it is the object of a preposition, usually moving the preposition to the end of the clause.
“The house (that) we live in is small.”
“The girl (who) I was talking to is my sister.”
Formal Retention
Keeping the pronoun to sound more precise, professional, or academic.
“The individuals whom we interviewed were highly qualified.”
“The data that the study produced is significant.”
Reference Table
| Rôle du Pronom Relatif | Exemple (avec pronom) | Exemple (pronom omis) | Peut être omis ? |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Objet (du verbe)
|
The car that I bought is red.
|
The car I bought is red.
|
Oui
|
|
Objet (du verbe)
|
The friend whom I met yesterday is kind.
|
The friend I met yesterday is kind.
|
Oui (pour 'whom')
|
|
Objet (du verbe)
|
The book which you recommended was great.
|
The book you recommended was great.
|
Oui
|
|
Sujet (du verbe)
|
The dog that barked is friendly.
|
🚫 Incorrect: The dog barked is friendly.
|
Non
|
|
Sujet (du verbe)
|
The person who called me was polite.
|
🚫 Incorrect: The person called me was polite.
|
Non
|
|
Sujet (du verbe)
|
The train which arrived late caused delays.
|
🚫 Incorrect: The train arrived late caused delays.
|
Non
|
Spectre de formalité
Is this the document to which you were referring? (Workplace/Office)
Is this the document that you were talking about? (Workplace/Office)
Is this the document you were talking about? (Workplace/Office)
This the one you meant? (Workplace/Office)
Omission des Pronoms Relatifs (that, which, who)
Quand Omettre (Objet)
- The book I read The book (that) I read.
- The friend you met The friend (whom/that) you met.
- The movie we watched The movie (that/which) we watched.
Quand NE PAS Omettre (Sujet)
- The dog that barked The dog (that) barked all night.
- The person who called The person (who) called me.
- The app which crashed The app (which) crashed.
Pourquoi c'est Utile
- Sonne naturel Mimics native speaker patterns.
- Concise Shorter, more direct sentences.
- Contextes informels Common in everyday speech, texts.
Pronom Relatif : Sujet vs. Objet
Puis-je Omettre 'That' ?
Est-ce que 'that' (ou 'who'/'which') fait partie d'une subordonnée relative définie (sans virgules) ?
Est-ce que le mot *juste après* 'that' (ou 'who'/'which') est un autre sujet (comme 'I', 'you', un nom, etc.) ?
Contextes pour Omettre 'That'
Quotidien Informel
- • Messages texte
- • Conversations décontractées
- • Légendes de réseaux sociaux
- • Discussions de jeux en ligne
Médias et Contenus
- • Sous-titres de films/séries
- • Articles de blog
- • Scripts de podcasts (informels)
- • Paroles de chansons
Professionnel (parfois)
- • Emails informels
- • Discussions de projet
- • Notes de réunion (concises)
- • Documentation technique
Exemples par niveau
The book I have is red.
The book (that) I have is red.
The man I see is tall.
The man (who) I see is tall.
The apple you eat is sweet.
The apple (that) you eat is sweet.
The car he drives is fast.
The car (that) he drives is fast.
The phone I bought yesterday is broken.
The phone (that) I bought...
Is this the song you like?
Is this the song (that) you like?
The people we met were very friendly.
The people (who) we met...
I lost the pen you gave me.
I lost the pen (that) you gave me.
The hotel we stayed at was beautiful.
The hotel (that) we stayed at...
The reason I called is to ask for help.
The reason (why/that) I called...
The doctor I talked to was very helpful.
The doctor (who) I talked to...
Everything you said is true.
Everything (that) you said...
The challenges we face are significant.
The challenges (that) we face...
The candidate I voted for didn't win.
The candidate (whom) I voted for...
The apartment they're looking at is too expensive.
The apartment (that) they're looking at...
The advice she's giving you is quite sound.
The advice (that) she's giving you...
The assumptions the author makes are questionable.
The assumptions (that) the author makes...
The speed with which he works is impressive.
Note: Cannot drop 'which' here because the preposition is at the front.
The ease I felt during the presentation surprised me.
The ease (that) I felt...
The level of detail the report provides is sufficient.
The level of detail (that) the report provides...
The sheer audacity the plan required was its undoing.
The audacity (that) the plan required...
Any concerns you might have should be addressed now.
Any concerns (that) you might have...
The nuanced approach the team took saved the project.
The approach (that) the team took...
The very fabric the universe is made of remains a mystery.
The fabric (that) the universe is made of...
Facile à confondre
Learners often try to drop the pronoun even when it's the subject of the clause.
Learners confuse 'that' in 'I know that he is coming' with 'that' in 'The book that I bought'.
Learners try to drop pronouns in clauses with commas.
Erreurs courantes
The girl lives here is my friend.
The girl who lives here is my friend.
The book I like it.
The book I like.
I see man I know.
I see the man I know.
The car that I bought it is blue.
The car I bought is blue.
The man I talked is nice.
The man I talked to is nice.
This is the house which we live.
This is the house we live in.
The movie was good I saw.
The movie I saw was good.
My mother, I love, is a teacher.
My mother, whom I love, is a teacher.
The reason why I'm here for is...
The reason I'm here is...
The person who I gave the book is gone.
The person I gave the book to is gone.
The speed I drove at was safe.
The speed at which I drove was safe.
The way in that he spoke was odd.
The way he spoke was odd.
Structures de phrases
The ___ I ___ is ___.
Is this the ___ you ___?
I've never seen the ___ she ___.
The ___ we're ___ is ___.
Real World Usage
The link I sent you is dead.
The skills I developed at Google are relevant here.
Is this the pizza I ordered?
The data that the researchers collected was flawed.
Best day I've had in a while!
The property which the tenant occupies...
Repère le Sujet Caché
The book I read is good.
Ne Vire Pas l'Acteur !
The student that aced the exam...Ici, 'that' fait l'action d'
aced, donc il reste !Écoute les Locaux
This is the song I like.
Parle Authentiquement
The movie we saw was great.
Smart Tips
This is a 99% signal that you can drop the relative pronoun.
Keep the 'that'. It makes your writing look more organized and professional.
Try to put the noun at the end of the clause. If it fits, it's an object! (e.g., 'The book I read' -> 'I read the book' - Works!)
Native speakers almost ALWAYS drop 'that' after these words.
Prononciation
Rhythm and Stress
When the pronoun is dropped, the stress falls more heavily on the noun and the following subject, creating a faster, more rhythmic 'da-DA da-DA' sound.
Glottal Stop
In some British dialects, if 'that' is kept, the 't' might be replaced by a glottal stop, but dropping it entirely is often preferred for flow.
Rising-Falling
The cake ↗ I made ↘ was good.
Standard declarative statement with a dropped pronoun.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
If a Noun or Pronoun is next in line, dropping 'that' is totally fine!
Association visuelle
Imagine a bridge (the word 'that') connecting two islands. If the islands are close enough to touch (Noun + Pronoun), you can remove the bridge and just step across.
Rhyme
When 'that' is the object, don't be a fool, dropping it out is the golden rule.
Story
A busy businessman is running to a meeting. He doesn't have time for extra words. He says 'The report I wrote' instead of 'The report that I wrote' because he is in a hurry. He only keeps 'who' when he talks about 'The man who hired me' because without 'who', the sentence falls apart.
Word Web
Défi
Look at the last 5 text messages you sent. Could you have dropped a 'that' or 'who' in any of them? Rewrite them in your head.
Notes culturelles
Americans are very likely to drop 'that' in almost all informal and semi-formal speech. Keeping it can sometimes sound slightly 'stiff' or overly emphatic.
While also common, some formal British registers still prefer keeping 'that' or 'which' in written correspondence more than American English does.
In scientific papers globally, keeping the relative pronoun is preferred to ensure there is no ambiguity about what the subject of the sentence is.
In Old English, relative clauses were often formed with the indeclinable particle 'þe'. Over time, 'that' (from the demonstrative 'þæt') took over.
Amorces de conversation
What's the best movie you've seen this year?
Tell me about a person you admire.
Is there a place you've always wanted to visit?
What's the most difficult thing you've ever done?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
This is the gift ___ my friend gave me.
Find and fix the mistake:
The person stole my wallet ran away.
Choisis la phrase correcte :
Translate into English: 'El coche que compré está en el garaje.'
Answer starts with: ["T...
Score: /4
Exercices pratiques
8 exercisesThe man who I saw yesterday is a doctor.
Find and fix the mistake:
The car I bought it is very fast.
The woman ___ lives next door is a pilot.
I liked the movie. You recommended it.
1. The man I saw. 2. The man whom I saw. 3. The man that I saw.
You can drop the relative pronoun in a non-defining relative clause (with commas).
A: Is this the book you were looking for? B: Yes, it's the one ___.
A: The girl who is singing. B: The song she is singing.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe concert ___ we saw last night was incredible.
This is the phone ___ has the best camera.
The email arrived this morning contained important news.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'El problema que resolvimos era muy complejo.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the clauses:
She's the only student ___ understood the complex theory.
The solution proposed by the team was innovative.
Select the correct sentence:
Translate: 'La información que necesito está en ese documento.'
Put the words in order:
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No. You can only drop it in defining relative clauses when it is the object. You cannot drop it if it's the subject or in a non-defining clause.
Never! Keeping the pronoun is always grammatically correct. Dropping it is just a way to sound more natural and less formal.
Yes, if 'who' is the object (e.g., 'The man I met'), you can drop it. However, many people prefer to keep 'who' more often than 'that'.
No. You can never drop 'whose' because it shows possession and the sentence would lose its meaning without it.
For writing, it's often better to keep it to show clear structure. For the speaking test, dropping it can help you sound more fluent and natural.
The preposition moves to the end of the relative clause. For example: 'The house (that) I live in'.
English tends toward 'economy of language'. If a word doesn't add new meaning and the sentence is clear without it, we usually remove it.
You can often drop 'when' (The day I met you), but dropping 'where' is much rarer and usually requires adding a preposition (The place I live in).
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
que
Spanish never allows the omission of the relative pronoun.
que / qui
French relative pronouns are strictly mandatory.
der / die / das
German pronouns are inflected and mandatory.
Attributive form
Japanese uses word order instead of pronouns to link ideas.
aladhi (الذي)
Omission depends on the definiteness of the noun, not its role as subject/object.
de (的)
Chinese uses a post-positional linker rather than a relative pronoun.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Vidéos associées
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS | RELATIVE CLAUSES | ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - who, which, that, whose, whom
Arnel's Everyday English
Relative Clauses - English Grammar Lesson (Upper Intermediate)
Maltalingua English Language School
Reduced Relative Clauses - Defining and Non- Defining Relative Clauses - Advanced Grammar Lesson
Oxford English Now
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