A1 Speech Levels 11 min read Facile

Coréen Formel et Poli (-ㅂ니다/-습니다)

C'est l'une des premières choses que tu vas apprendre — et c'est super facile ! Ajoute «ㅂ니다» ou «습니다» pour parler de façon pro.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -ㅂ니다/-습니다 to sound professional and polite in public, business, or formal presentations.

  • Use -습니다 for verb stems ending in a consonant: 먹다 → 먹습니다.
  • Use -ㅂ니다 for verb stems ending in a vowel: 가다 → 갑니다.
  • Questions use -습니까? or -ㅂ니까? instead of -습니다/-ㅂ니다.
Verb Stem + (ㅂ/습)니다 = Formal Polite Sentence

Overview

Imaginez-vous entrer dans un entretien d'embauche crucial via Zoom, ou essayer de paraître très respectueux envers le barista d'un café chic de Gangnam. Le coréen décontracté de Netflix ne suffit plus. Vous avez besoin de l'artillerie lourde de la politesse coréenne : la terminaison ㅂ니다/습니다.
C'est le niveau de discours formel et poli 합쇼체(하십시오體). C'est la norme absolue pour paraître professionnel et profondément respectueux. Mais ne vous inquiétez pas, c'est l'une des règles les plus faciles à conjuguer.
Le coréen est une langue basée sur la hiérarchie sociale et le respect profond. La façon dont vous terminez votre phrase montre immédiatement votre relation avec l'auditeur. La terminaison ㅂ니다/습니다 est la norme la plus élevée du discours formel.
Vous l'entendez partout : présentateurs du journal, agents de bord et PDG l'utilisent. Cela crée une distance professionnelle qui dit : « Je vous respecte, nous sommes dans un cadre formel. » C'est différent de la forme polie standard 아요/어요, qui est amicale.

How This Grammar Works

Les verbes et adjectifs coréens se composent d'un radical et d'une terminaison. La forme du dictionnaire se termine toujours par . Pour utiliser ㅂ니다/습니다, retirez ce pour isoler le radical.
Ensuite, regardez la toute dernière lettre de ce radical. Se termine-t-il par une voyelle ou une consonne ? C'est votre seule décision.
Si le radical se termine par une voyelle, attachez ㅂ니다 en dessous. S'il se termine par une consonne, attachez 습니다 à côté.

Formation Pattern

1
Conjuguer cette forme est incroyablement simple.
2
Prenez n'importe quel verbe (ex. 하다 ou 먹다).
3
Retirez le pour extraire votre radical ( et ).
4
Vérifiez la dernière lettre du radical.
5
S'il se termine par une voyelle (sans 받침(받침)) : Ajoutez en bas, puis 니다. devient 합니다.
6
S'il se termine par une consonne (받침(받침)) : Ajoutez 습니다. devient 먹습니다.
7
Pour poser une question, remplacez le final par 까?. 합니다 devient 합니까?.

When To Use It

Utilisez-le en toute confiance dans ces situations : entretiens d'embauche, discours publics, service client haut de gamme, l'armée et les bulletins d'information officiels.

Common Mistakes

  • Erreur de prononciation : Les débutants lisent souvent 합니다 phonétiquement : « hap-ni-da ». N'oubliez pas la nasalisation ! Le devient un son « m ». On prononce « ham-ni-da ».
  • Oublier la chute du : Les mots comme 살다 sont dangereux. Vous devez d'abord supprimer le puis ajouter ㅂ니다. Ils deviennent 삽니다.
  • Mélanger les niveaux de politesse. Gardez votre niveau de discours cohérent.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Comment ㅂ니다/습니다 se compare-t-il à 아요/어요 ? Les deux sont polis. Considérez ㅂ니다/습니다 comme le port d'un smoking élégant pour une réunion de conseil d'administration. 아요/어요, c'est comme porter une belle chemise pour aller au bureau le vendredi.

Quick FAQ

Q : Dois-je apprendre ceci si je visite la Corée pour les vacances ?

R: Pas strictement ! La forme 아요/어요 convient parfaitement. Cependant, vous entendrez constamment ㅂ니다 dans les annonces.

Q : Que se passe-t-il au passé ?

R: Les marqueurs du passé 았/었 se terminent toujours par la consonne double . Le passé utilise donc toujours 습니다.

Q : Y a-t-il une forme différente pour poser des questions ?

R: Oui ! Remplacez le final par 까?. 갑니다 (je vais) devient 갑니까? (allez-vous ?).

Formal Polite Conjugation

Verb Stem Ending Result
가다
가-
-ㅂ니다
갑니다
먹다
먹-
-습니다
먹습니다
보다
보-
-ㅂ니다
봅니다
읽다
읽-
-습니다
읽습니다
자다
자-
-ㅂ니다
잡니다
듣다
듣-
-습니다
듣습니다
오다
오-
-ㅂ니다
옵니다
앉다
앉-
-습니다
앉습니다

Meanings

The formal polite speech level is used to show high respect to the listener, common in news, business, and public speaking.

1

Formal Statement

Declaring a fact or action politely.

“저는 학생입니다.”

“오늘 날씨가 좋습니다.”

2

Formal Question

Asking a question with high formality.

“어디에 갑니까?”

“이것은 무엇입니까?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Coréen Formel et Poli (-ㅂ니다/-습니다)
Forme Dico Fin du radical Forme Formelle Signification
가다 (gada)
Voyelle (가)
갑니다 (gamnida)
aller
먹다 (meokda)
Consonne (먹)
먹습니다 (meokseumnida)
manger
하다 (hada)
Voyelle (하)
합니다 (hamnida)
faire
좋다 (jota)
Consonne (좋)
좋습니다 (joseumnida)
être bien
살다 (salda)
Consonne ㄹ (살)
삽니다 (samnida)
vivre (irrégulier)
읽다 (ikda)
Consonne (읽)
읽습니다 (ikseumnida)
lire

Spectre de formalité

Formel
식사합니다.

식사합니다. (Dining)

Neutre
먹어요.

먹어요. (Dining)

Informel
먹어.

먹어. (Dining)

Argot
냠냠.

냠냠. (Dining)

Terminaisons ㅂ니다 / 습니다

Poli Formel

Radicaux Voyelles

  • 가다 -> 갑니다 aller
  • 하다 -> 합니다 faire

Radicaux Consonnes

  • 먹다 -> 먹습니다 manger
  • 읽다 -> 읽습니다 lire

Irréguliers en ㄹ

  • 살다 -> 삽니다 vivre

Poli Standard vs Poli Formel

Poli Standard (아요/어요)
해요 Je fais (amical)
먹어요 Je mange (amical)
Poli Formel (ㅂ니다/습니다)
합니다 Je fais (pro)
먹습니다 Je mange (pro)

Comment conjuguer

1

Le radical finit-il par ㄹ ?

YES
Enlève le ㄹ, ajoute ㅂ니다
NO
Passe à la règle suivante
2

Le radical finit-il par une voyelle ?

YES
Ajoute ㅂ니다
NO ↓
3

Le radical finit-il par une consonne ?

YES
Ajoute 습니다
NO ↓

Quand utiliser le Poli Formel

💼

Business

  • Entretiens
  • Présentations
  • Réunions
📺

Médias

  • Infos TV
  • Annonces
  • Discours
🛎️

Service

  • Hôtesse de l'air
  • Luxe
  • Support client

Exemples par niveau

1

저는 학생입니다.

I am a student.

2

한국어를 공부합니다.

I study Korean.

3

어디에 갑니까?

Where are you going?

4

반갑습니다.

Nice to meet you.

1

내일 회의가 있습니다.

There is a meeting tomorrow.

2

이것은 무엇입니까?

What is this?

3

저는 커피를 마십니다.

I drink coffee.

4

선생님은 어디에 계십니까?

Where is the teacher?

1

발표를 시작하겠습니다.

I will begin the presentation.

2

질문이 있으십니까?

Do you have any questions?

3

제안을 검토해 주셔서 감사합니다.

Thank you for reviewing the proposal.

4

결과가 좋지 않습니다.

The results are not good.

1

본 건에 대하여 보고드립니다.

I am reporting regarding this matter.

2

참석해 주셔서 대단히 감사합니다.

Thank you very much for attending.

3

다음 주에 다시 방문하겠습니다.

I will visit again next week.

4

이 정책은 효과가 있습니까?

Is this policy effective?

1

본인은 이 계약에 동의합니다.

I agree to this contract.

2

귀하의 건승을 기원합니다.

I wish you success.

3

상황이 매우 긴박합니다.

The situation is very urgent.

4

의견이 있으시면 말씀해 주십시오.

If you have an opinion, please speak.

1

본 위원회는 결정을 내렸습니다.

This committee has reached a decision.

2

귀하께서 보내주신 서류를 확인하였습니다.

I have confirmed the documents you sent.

3

이러한 현상은 사회적으로 큰 파장을 일으킵니다.

This phenomenon causes a great social impact.

4

본인은 사실만을 진술합니다.

I state only the facts.

Facile à confondre

Formal Polite Korean (-ㅂ니다/-습니다) vs Formal vs Polite Informal

Learners often use -아/어요 when they should use -ㅂ니다.

Formal Polite Korean (-ㅂ니다/-습니다) vs Declarative vs Interrogative

Using -ㅂ니다 for questions.

Formal Polite Korean (-ㅂ니다/-습니다) vs Honorifics

Mixing -시- and -ㅂ니다.

Erreurs courantes

가습니다

갑니다

Vowel stems use -ㅂ니다, not -습니다.

먹ㅂ니다

먹습니다

Consonant stems use -습니다.

갑니다?

갑니까?

Questions must end in -까.

친구에게 갑니다.

친구에게 가요.

Don't use formal with friends.

공부합니다요

공부합니다

Do not add -요 to formal endings.

가시습니다

가십니다

Honorific -시- merges with the ending.

먹었습니다요

먹었습니다

Again, no -요 in formal.

가겠습니까?

가겠습니까?

Actually correct, but watch for stem changes.

읽읍니다

읽습니다

Consonant stem rule.

하십니다?

하십니까?

Question marker error.

주십니다

주십시오

Imperative vs declarative.

계십니다?

계십니까?

Question marker error.

하셨습니다?

하셨습니까?

Question marker error.

먹으셨습니다

드셨습니다

Honorific verb choice.

Structures de phrases

저는 ___을/를 합니다.

___에 갑니다.

___이/가 좋습니다.

___을/를 먹습니까?

Real World Usage

Job Interview constant

잘 부탁드립니다.

News Report constant

내일은 맑습니다.

Business Meeting very common

동의합니다.

Public Speech very common

감사합니다.

Customer Service common

도와드리겠습니다.

Formal Email common

확인 부탁드립니다.

💡

Poser des questions

Pour poser une question, change juste le '다' final en '까?'. Par exemple : «혹시 저에게 더 질문이 있으십니까?».
⚠️

Le piège de prononciation

Ne dis jamais 'hap-ni-da'. Le 'ㅂ' se prononce comme un 'm' devant le 'ㄴ' : «선생님, 정말 대단히 감사합니다».
🎯

L'astuce du passé

Le passé finit toujours par une double consonne 'ㅆ', donc il utilise TOUJOURS «습니다» : «저는 어제 밥을 많이 먹었습니다».
💬

Le langage militaire

À l'armée, c'est la seule forme autorisée ! On l'appelle souvent le style «다나까» : «예, 잘 알겠습니다».

Smart Tips

Use -ㅂ니다 to sound confident and respectful.

저는 갈 거예요. 저는 가겠습니다.

Always end with -까.

회의가 있습니까? 회의가 있습니까?

Use -ㅂ니다 for all sentences.

이거 확인해요. 이것을 확인해 주십시오.

Use -ㅂ니다 for the entire duration.

오늘 와서 좋아요. 오늘 와 주셔서 감사합니다.

Prononciation

먹습니다 [먹씀니다]

Batchim assimilation

When -ㅂ니다 follows a consonant, the pronunciation changes to -ㅁ니다.

갑니까? [↗]

Question intonation

Questions end with a rising pitch.

Declarative

갑니다 [↘]

Finality and statement.

Interrogative

갑니까? [↗]

Polite inquiry.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'ㅂ' as a 'bowing' shape. When you use -ㅂ니다, you are bowing to show respect.

Association visuelle

Imagine a soldier standing at attention. He is stiff, formal, and says '-ㅂ니다' to his commander.

Rhyme

Vowel ends in ㅂ니다, consonant ends in 습니다.

Story

Min-su is at a job interview. He sits up straight. He says '저는 준비되었습니다' (I am prepared). The interviewer smiles because Min-su used the correct formal ending.

Word Web

갑니다먹습니다봅니다읽습니다합니다있습니다없습니다좋습니다

Défi

Write 5 sentences about your day using the -ㅂ니다/-습니다 form and read them out loud.

Notes culturelles

Using -ㅂ니다 is mandatory in meetings. It shows you respect the company hierarchy.

Anchors use this form exclusively to maintain objectivity and authority.

When addressing a crowd, this form is the only acceptable choice.

The -ㅂ니다 form evolved from older, more complex honorific systems in the Joseon Dynasty.

Amorces de conversation

오늘 무엇을 하십니까?

한국어를 공부하십니까?

어디에서 일하십니까?

이 프로젝트에 대해 어떻게 생각하십니까?

Sujets d'écriture

Write about your daily routine using formal endings.
Write a formal email to a professor.
Write a report about your work progress.
Write a formal speech for a wedding.

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Complète la phrase avec la forme formelle correcte.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Le verbe '있다' finit par une consonne (있), donc on ajoute '습니다'.
Laquelle de ces phrases est correcte ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Pour une question, on change '다' en '까'. '먹다' devient donc '먹습니까?'.
Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans la phrase.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Le verbe '배우다' finit par une voyelle (우), donc on place le 'ㅂ' en dessous : '배웁니다'.

Score: /3

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Conjugate '가다' (formal).

저는 학교에 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 갑니다
Vowel stem + ㅂ니다.
Which is correct? Choix multiple

___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹습니까
Questions need -까.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

저는 밥을 먹ㅂ니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹습니다
Consonant stem + 습니다.
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

합니다 / 공부 / 한국어 / 저는

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 한국어 공부합니다
Subject-Object-Verb order.
Translate to formal. Traduction

I am a teacher.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 선생님입니다
Formal copula.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use '읽다' (formal).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 책을 읽습니다
Correct conjugation.
Conjugate '보다' (formal question). Conjugation Drill

___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 봅니까
Formal question.
Match the verb to the formal ending. Match Pairs

가다 -> ?, 먹다 -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 갑니다/먹습니다
Correct rules.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Complète avec la forme formelle. Texte trous

저는 내일 회사에 일찍 ___. (aller)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 갑니다
Corrige l'erreur grammaticale. Error Correction

저는 서울에 살습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 서울에 삽니다.
Remets les mots dans l'ordre. Sentence Reorder

발표를 / 저는 / 지금부터 / 시작하겠습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 지금부터 발표를 시작하겠습니다.
Choisis la traduction formelle correcte. Traduction

Avez-vous d'autres questions ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 혹시 다른 질문이 있으십니까?
Identifie l'intrus. Choix multiple

Laquelle de ces formes N'EST PAS formelle ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹어요
Trouve la bonne conjugaison. Match Pairs

Quelle est la forme formelle de '만들다' (fabriquer) ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 만듭니다
Remplis le vide. Texte trous

저는 매일 뉴스를 ___. (regarder)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 봅니다
Corrige la faute de frappe. Error Correction

우리는 김치를 먹ㅂ니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 우리는 김치를 먹습니다.
Réorganise la phrase. Sentence Reorder

회의가 / 3시에 / 있습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 3시에 회의가 있습니다.
Traduis en coréen formel. Traduction

Le temps à Séoul est vraiment bon aujourd'hui.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오늘 서울 날씨가 정말 좋습니다.
Choisis la bonne forme. Choix multiple

Quelle est la forme interrogative de '하다' ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 합니까?
Associe le bon temps. Match Pairs

Quelle est la forme formelle du passé '갔다' (est allé) ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 갔습니다

Score: /12

FAQ (8)

Yes, it is very appropriate for teachers.

No, -ㅂ니다 is formal, -아/어요 is polite informal.

It is the formal question form.

No, it is very consistent.

With friends and family.

Yes, it becomes -았습니다/었습니다.

Yes, in formal reports.

People will understand, but try to be consistent.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Japanese high

Desu/Masu

Korean has more levels of formality than Japanese.

Spanish moderate

Usted

Korean changes the verb, Spanish changes the pronoun.

German partial

Sie

German uses pronouns, Korean uses verb endings.

French partial

Vouvoiement

French uses pronouns, Korean uses verb endings.

Chinese low

Nin

Chinese is pronoun-based, Korean is verb-based.

Arabic low

Formal MSA

Arabic is lexical, Korean is morphological.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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