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B1 noun 9 min de lecture

शल्य चिकित्सा

shalya chikitsa
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces शल्य चिकित्सा en 30 secondes
Explication शल्य चिकित्सा in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'शल्य चिकित्सा' (Shalya Chikitsa) in your own speaking yet, as it is quite long and formal. Instead, you should focus on understanding that it means 'Surgery' or 'Operation'. You might see this word on a sign at a hospital or in a simple health brochure. At this stage, it is enough to recognize that 'Chikitsa' means 'treatment' or 'doctor's work'. If you are feeling sick and need to talk to a doctor, you would usually say 'Mujhe doctor ke paas jaana hai' (I need to go to the doctor). If someone uses the word 'Shalya Chikitsa', just know they are talking about a hospital procedure where a doctor has to perform an operation. Think of it as a 'big word' for 'operation'. You can practice by just saying the word slowly: Shal-ya Chi-kit-sa. It helps to associate it with the picture of a surgeon in a hospital. Even at A1, knowing this word helps you navigate formal places like a clinic or a government hospital in India where signs are written in formal Hindi.
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At the A2 level, you are beginning to build a more specific vocabulary for daily life, including health. While you might still use the English word 'Operation' in most conversations, learning 'शल्य चिकित्सा' (Shalya Chikitsa) helps you understand more formal announcements or news. You should know that 'Chikitsa' is a feminine noun. This means you say 'Badi Shalya Chikitsa' (Big surgery) and not 'Bada'. At this level, you can start using the word in simple sentences like 'Hospital mein shalya chikitsa hoti hai' (Surgery happens in the hospital). You should also be able to distinguish between a general 'Upchaar' (treatment) and a specific 'Shalya Chikitsa' (surgery). If a doctor tells you that medicine is not enough, they might use this word. It is also a good time to learn the word for surgeon, 'Shalya Chikitsak'. Practice identifying this word in news headlines. For example, if you see a headline about a famous athlete, look for this word to see if they are having an operation. This will help you transition from basic survival Hindi to a more descriptive level.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to use more precise vocabulary. 'शल्य चिकित्सा' (Shalya Chikitsa) is a perfect word to add to your repertoire for discussing health, science, or news. You should move beyond the English loanword 'Operation' in formal writing or when speaking with professionals. At this stage, you should understand the grammar of the word—how it pairs with verbs like 'करवाना' (to have something done) or 'सफल होना' (to be successful). You can now describe situations in more detail: 'Unki aankhon ki shalya chikitsa kal hogi' (Their eye surgery will be tomorrow). You should also be aware of the word's historical connection to ancient Indian medicine, which adds cultural depth to your language skills. This is the level where you start to encounter this word in intermediate reading passages and audio clips about health and wellness. You should be comfortable using it in a sentence to explain why someone might be absent from work or why a certain medical procedure is necessary. It shows that you have moved into the 'Independent User' category of Hindi speakers.
At the B2 level, you should be using 'शल्य चिकित्सा' (Shalya Chikitsa) fluently in formal contexts. You should be able to discuss the pros and cons of surgical procedures, the risks involved, and the advancements in the field. You should also be familiar with related technical terms like 'जटिल' (complex), 'संज्ञाहरण' (anesthesia), and 'पुनर्प्राप्ति' (recovery). At this level, you can understand nuanced discussions in medical documentaries or news reports. You should be able to write a formal letter or an essay discussing health infrastructure where this term would be essential. You will also notice the use of this word in literature to create a specific atmosphere—perhaps a cold, clinical setting or a moment of high tension in a medical drama. You should be able to use it in the passive voice correctly: 'मरीज की शल्य चिकित्सा सफलतापूर्वक की गई' (The patient's surgery was successfully performed). Your understanding of the word should now include its various collocations and the ability to switch between 'Shalya Chikitsa' and 'Operation' depending on who you are talking to, demonstrating a high level of sociolinguistic competence.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'शल्य चिकित्सा' (Shalya Chikitsa) should be indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You should be able to discuss the history of 'Shalya Tantra' in ancient India and compare it with modern Western surgical methods using sophisticated vocabulary. You will encounter this word in complex legal documents (like medical malpractice cases), academic journals, and philosophical texts discussing the ethics of medical intervention. You should be able to use the word in metaphorical contexts if they appear in literature, although it is primarily a technical term. Your mastery should include an effortless command over the gender agreement and the ability to use complex sentence structures, such as: 'यद्यपि शल्य चिकित्सा के अपने जोखिम हैं, फिर भी आधुनिक तकनीक ने इसे अत्यंत सुरक्षित बना दिया है' (Although surgery has its own risks, modern technology has made it extremely safe). At this stage, you are not just learning the word; you are mastering the entire semantic field surrounding it, including its synonyms, antonyms, and its role in the broader discourse of Indian science and culture.
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At the C2 level, you possess a mastery of 'शल्य चिकित्सा' (Shalya Chikitsa) that allows you to engage in professional medical debates, deliver lectures on the subject in Hindi, or translate complex medical texts from English to Hindi with precision. You understand the subtle connotations that the word carries—its Sanskrit weight, its formal dignity, and its historical resonance. You can analyze how the term is used in state policy documents to define healthcare standards. You are also aware of the most obscure synonyms and related terms from ancient texts like the Sushruta Samhita. Your usage is characterized by perfect grammatical precision and an innate sense of when to use this term versus more modern or colloquial alternatives to achieve a specific rhetorical effect. You can navigate the most complex linguistic environments, from a high-level scientific conference to a deep philosophical discussion about the human body and medical intervention, using 'Shalya Chikitsa' as a foundational term in your professional and academic vocabulary.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

शल्य चिकित्सा en 30 secondes

  • Shalya Chikitsa is the formal Hindi word for 'Surgery'.
  • It is a feminine noun derived from Sanskrit roots 'Shalya' and 'Chikitsa'.
  • Used primarily in medical, academic, and formal news contexts.
  • Commonly replaced by the English loanword 'Operation' in casual speech.

The Hindi term शल्य चिकित्सा (Shalya Chikitsa) is the formal and technical designation for 'Surgery' in the Hindi language. It is a compound noun derived from two distinct Sanskrit roots that carry profound historical and medical significance. To understand the word fully, one must break it down: 'Shalya' historically refers to an arrow, a thorn, or any foreign body that has entered the human flesh, while 'Chikitsa' refers to the science of healing, treatment, or therapy. Therefore, in its most literal sense, it represents the art of removing harmful foreign elements or correcting internal physical ailments through manual intervention. While everyday speakers in urban India might frequently use the English loanword 'ऑपरेशन' (Operation), the term 'Shalya Chikitsa' remains the standard in medical textbooks, government documentation, formal news broadcasts, and academic discourse.

Register
Formal, Academic, and Medical. Used primarily in professional settings or when discussing the field of medicine as a science.

Historically, this term is deeply rooted in the Sushruta Samhita, one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda, where Sushruta is hailed as the 'Father of Surgery'. In ancient times, Shalya Chikitsa involved complex procedures such as rhinoplasty, lithotomy, and even cataract surgery. Today, when a Hindi speaker uses this term, they are invoking a sense of precision and professional medical practice. It is not a word used lightly in casual conversation; rather, it appears when a doctor explains a procedure to a family in a formal setting or when a newspaper reports on a groundbreaking medical achievement. For a learner, mastering this word signifies a transition from basic conversational Hindi to a more sophisticated, professional level of the language.

आधुनिक युग में शल्य चिकित्सा ने रोबोटिक्स के माध्यम से नई ऊँचाइयों को छुआ है। (In the modern era, surgery has touched new heights through robotics.)

In a hospital setting, you will see this word on signage. The 'Department of Surgery' is typically labeled as 'शल्य चिकित्सा विभाग' (Shalya Chikitsa Vibhag). When discussing types of surgery, such as 'Heart Surgery', one might say 'Hridaya Shalya Chikitsa', although even in formal Hindi, the English name of the organ is sometimes paired with the Hindi term for surgery. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone looking to work in healthcare in India or for those reading Hindi literature where medical themes are explored. It distinguishes a medical professional's vocabulary from that of a layperson.

Historical Context
Originates from the Sanskrit 'Shalya' (arrow/foreign object) and 'Chikitsa' (healing), reflecting ancient surgical practices of removing battlefield injuries.

प्राचीन भारत के सुश्रुत को शल्य चिकित्सा का जनक माना जाता है। (Sushruta of ancient India is considered the father of surgery.)

Using शल्य चिकित्सा correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a feminine noun and its typical collocations with verbs like 'करना' (to do) or 'होना' (to happen/to be performed). Because it is a formal term, the surrounding vocabulary in the sentence should ideally match its register. For instance, instead of using the simple verb 'dena' (to give), one might use 'paramarsh' (consultation) or 'sujhav' (suggestion) when discussing surgical options. When a surgeon performs surgery, the active construction is 'शल्य चिकित्सा करना'. When a patient undergoes surgery, we use the passive or experiential construction 'की शल्य चिकित्सा होना'.

Common Verb Pairing
The verb 'सफल' (successful) is frequently used with this term to describe outcomes, as in 'शल्य चिकित्सा सफल रही' (The surgery was successful).

In possessive constructions, because 'Chikitsa' is feminine, we use the 'ki' (की) postposition. For example, 'मरीज की शल्य चिकित्सा' (the patient's surgery). If you are describing the necessity of the procedure, you might say, 'शल्य चिकित्सा अनिवार्य है' (Surgery is mandatory). In complex sentences, this term often serves as the subject of the sentence, especially when discussing medical advancements or risks. It is also common to see it modified by adjectives such as 'जटिल' (complex), 'मामूली' (minor), or 'आपातकालीन' (emergency).

डॉक्टर ने हृदय की जटिल शल्य चिकित्सा सफलतापूर्वक संपन्न की। (The doctor successfully completed the complex heart surgery.)

Furthermore, when referring to the surgeon, the term becomes 'शल्य चिकित्सक' (Shalya Chikitsak). Using these two terms together provides a very professional tone. For example, 'एक कुशल शल्य चिकित्सक ही इस शल्य चिकित्सा को अंजाम दे सकता है' (Only a skilled surgeon can execute this surgery). This sentence demonstrates the noun-agent relationship. In academic writing, one might discuss the 'history of surgery' as 'शल्य चिकित्सा का इतिहास'. Notice the use of 'ka' here because 'Itihas' (history) is masculine, even though it follows the feminine 'Chikitsa'. Understanding these nuances of gender and agreement is key to using the term like a native speaker.

क्या इस बीमारी का इलाज केवल शल्य चिकित्सा द्वारा ही संभव है? (Is the treatment of this disease possible only through surgery?)

In the real world, the frequency of hearing शल्य चिकित्सा depends heavily on the environment. If you are watching a Hindi news channel like Aaj Tak or NDTV India, and they are reporting on a famous personality undergoing an operation, the news anchor will almost certainly use 'Shalya Chikitsa' to maintain a professional journalistic standard. Similarly, in Hindi-medium medical colleges or during government health briefings, this is the primary term used. It conveys a level of seriousness and technical expertise that the English loanword 'operation' lacks in a formal Hindi context.

Common Contexts
News reports, Medical journals, Hospital signage, Government health documents, and Formal literature.

However, if you are in a local market or a casual setting, you might hear people say 'ऑपरेशन' (Operation) or even 'चीर-फाड़' (Cheer-phaad - a somewhat crude/informal term meaning cutting and tearing). As a learner, you should recognize 'Shalya Chikitsa' as the 'gold standard' for the word. In Hindi cinema (Bollywood), if a character is a doctor in a serious drama, they might use this term to sound more authoritative. In contrast, in a comedy or a slice-of-life film, 'operation' would be the go-to word. This distinction is a perfect example of diglossia in Hindi, where the formal Sanskritized version exists alongside the common English or Hindustani version.

समाचार के अनुसार, प्रधानमंत्री की शल्य चिकित्सा सफल रही। (According to the news, the Prime Minister's surgery was successful.)

Another place where this word is prevalent is in the study of Ayurveda. Since Ayurveda is regaining popularity in India, terms like 'Shalya Tantra' (the branch of Ayurveda dealing with surgery) are frequently discussed in wellness seminars and traditional medical forums. If you visit an Ayurvedic hospital, you will see 'Shalya Chikitsa' used to describe procedures that follow traditional methods. Thus, the word bridges the gap between ancient tradition and modern medical science, making it a powerful term in the Indian cultural landscape.

अस्पताल के शल्य चिकित्सा कक्ष में बाहरी व्यक्तियों का प्रवेश वर्जित है। (Entry of outsiders is prohibited in the surgical room of the hospital.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with शल्य चिकित्सा is regarding its gender. Many learners assume that because 'Shalya' (foreign object) sounds neutral or masculine, the entire phrase should be masculine. However, the headword is 'Chikitsa', which is strictly feminine. Therefore, saying 'मेरा शल्य चिकित्सा' (Mera Shalya Chikitsa) is incorrect; it must be 'मेरी शल्य चिकित्सा' (Meri Shalya Chikitsa). This error often extends to verb agreement, where learners might say 'शल्य चिकित्सा हुआ' (हुआ is masculine) instead of the correct 'शल्य चिकित्सा हुई' (हुई is feminine).

Gender Error
Incorrect: शल्य चिकित्सा अच्छा था। (The surgery was good - Masculine). Correct: शल्य चिकित्सा अच्छी थी। (Feminine).

Another common mistake is using the term in an overly casual context where it might sound pretentious or out of place. If you are telling a friend about a small cut that needed a stitch, using 'Shalya Chikitsa' might sound like you are being overly dramatic. In such cases, 'taanke' (stitches) or simply 'ilaj' (treatment) is better. Conversely, using the informal 'cheer-phaad' in a medical exam or a formal report would be considered unprofessional. It is vital to match the term to the appropriate social register.

गलत: मरीज का शल्य चिकित्सा कल होगा। (Incorrect: The patient's surgery will be tomorrow - Masculine agreement.)

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse 'Shalya Chikitsa' with 'Shalya Chikitsak'. Remember that 'Chikitsa' is the procedure (surgery), while 'Chikitsak' is the person (surgeon). Mixing these up can lead to confusing sentences like 'I am going to see the surgery' when you mean 'I am going to see the surgeon'. Always double-check the suffix. The suffix '-ak' often denotes the doer/agent in Sanskrit-derived Hindi words.

सही: क्या आपकी शल्य चिकित्सा की तारीख तय हो गई है? (Correct: Has the date for your surgery been fixed? - Feminine agreement.)

While शल्य चिकित्सा is the most formal term, there are several alternatives that vary in register and specific meaning. The most common alternative is the English loanword 'ऑपरेशन' (Operation). This is used by almost everyone in daily life, regardless of their level of education. If you are at a pharmacy or talking to a nurse, 'operation' is perfectly acceptable and often preferred for clarity. However, 'Shalya Chikitsa' remains the term of choice for high-level documentation.

Comparison: Shalya Chikitsa vs. Operation
Shalya Chikitsa: Formal, Sanskrit-based, used in literature/news.
Operation: Common, English-based, used in daily speech.

Another term you might encounter is 'शल्य क्रिया' (Shalya Kriya). This is very similar to 'Shalya Chikitsa' but focuses more on the 'action' or 'procedure' aspect rather than the 'treatment' aspect. It is often used interchangeably in medical reports. On the more informal side, 'चीर-फाड़' (Cheer-phaad) is used, but it carries a slightly negative or fearful connotation, often used by people who are intimidated by the idea of surgery or in very colloquial settings. It literally means 'cutting and tearing'.

चिकित्सक ने कहा कि शल्य क्रिया के दौरान कोई जटिलता नहीं हुई। (The doctor said there were no complications during the surgical procedure.)

For non-surgical treatments, the word 'औषधीय चिकित्सा' (Aushadhiya Chikitsa) is used, meaning 'medical treatment' or 'pharmacotherapy'. If you want to specify that a treatment does not involve surgery, you would use this term. Lastly, 'उपचार' (Upchaar) is a general word for 'treatment' or 'cure' that can include both medicine and surgery. Understanding these synonyms allows you to navigate different social and professional layers of the Hindi language effectively.

Synonym Summary
1. ऑपरेशन (Common)
2. शल्य क्रिया (Technical)
3. उपचार (General)
4. चीर-फाड़ (Colloquial)

How Formal Is It?

Formel

"महोदय, आपकी शल्य चिकित्सा की तिथि निश्चित कर दी गई है।"

Neutre

"क्या शल्य चिकित्सा के बिना इलाज संभव है?"

Informel

"उसका कल ऑपरेशन है, बहुत डर लग रहा है।"

Child friendly

"डॉक्टर अंकल आपकी चोट ठीक करने के लिए एक छोटी सी शल्य चिकित्सा करेंगे।"

Argot

"भाई, बहुत तगड़ी चीर-फाड़ हुई है उसकी।"

Le savais-tu ?

The ancient surgeon Sushruta, who lived around 600 BCE, wrote the 'Sushruta Samhita' which describes over 300 surgical procedures using this terminology. He is considered the pioneer of Shalya Chikitsa.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ˈʃəl.jə tʃɪˈkɪt.sɑː/
US /ˈʃʌl.jə tʃɪˈkɪt.sɑː/
Primary stress is on 'Shal' and 'kit'.
Rime avec
बल्य (Balya) कल्य (Kalya) तुल्य (Tulya) मूल्य (Mulya) शिक्षा (Shiksha - partial) दीक्षा (Deeksha - partial) परीक्षा (Pariksha - partial) समीक्षा (Samiksha - partial)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing 'Shalya' as 'Salya' (using dental 's' instead of palatal 'sh').
  • Making the 'a' in 'Shalya' too long (it should be short).
  • Confusing 'Chikitsa' with 'Chikitsak'.
  • Misplacing the stress on the last syllable of 'Chikitsa'.
  • Ignoring the 'y' sound in 'Shalya'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

The word is long and uses Sanskrit conjuncts (Sh-l-y), making it slightly difficult for beginners.

Écriture 5/5

Writing 'Shalya' requires knowledge of half-letters (halant/conjuncts).

Expression orale 4/5

Pronunciation requires clear 'sh' and 'ch' sounds.

Écoute 3/5

Easily recognizable in formal broadcasts once learned.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

डॉक्टर अस्पताल इलाज बीमारी शरीर

Apprends ensuite

शल्य चिकित्सक संज्ञाहरण (Anesthesia) अंग (Organ) रक्त (Blood) स्वास्थ्य (Health)

Avancé

कायाकल्प प्रतिरक्षा धमनी शिरा कोशिका

Grammaire à connaître

Feminine Noun Agreement

शल्य चिकित्सा अच्छी **हुई** (not हुआ).

Possessive 'ki'

मरीज **की** शल्य चिकित्सा (not का).

Compound Noun Formation

Shalya + Chikitsa = Shalya Chikitsa.

Adjective Gender

जटिल (Complex) - remains same, but 'Badi' changes for Chikitsa.

Passive Voice in Medical Hindi

की जा रही है (is being done).

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Exemples par niveau

1

यह एक शल्य चिकित्सा है।

This is a surgery.

Simple 'Subject + Verb' structure.

2

डॉक्टर शल्य चिकित्सा करते हैं।

Doctors do surgery.

Present indefinite tense.

3

अस्पताल में शल्य चिकित्सा होती है।

Surgery happens in the hospital.

Use of 'mein' (in) postposition.

4

क्या यह शल्य चिकित्सा है?

Is this a surgery?

Interrogative sentence starting with 'Kya'.

5

वह शल्य चिकित्सा कक्ष है।

That is the surgery room.

'Kash' means room.

6

मुझे शल्य चिकित्सा से डर लगता है।

I am afraid of surgery.

Use of 'se darr lagna' (to be afraid of).

7

शल्य चिकित्सा बहुत बड़ी है।

The surgery is very big.

Feminine agreement: 'Badi' (big).

8

आज मेरी शल्य चिकित्सा है।

Today is my surgery.

Feminine possessive: 'Meri'.

1

उसकी शल्य चिकित्सा कल होगी।

His/Her surgery will be tomorrow.

Future tense 'hogi' (feminine).

2

शल्य चिकित्सा सफल रही।

The surgery was successful.

'Rahi' is the past tense of 'rahna', agreeing with feminine 'Chikitsa'.

3

क्या शल्य चिकित्सा महँगी है?

Is surgery expensive?

Adjective 'Mahangi' (expensive) is feminine.

4

हमें शल्य चिकित्सा की ज़रूरत है।

We need surgery.

'Zaroorat' (need) is feminine, uses 'ki'.

5

शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद आराम करें।

Rest after the surgery.

'Ke baad' means after.

6

यह शल्य चिकित्सा सुरक्षित है।

This surgery is safe.

'Surakshit' (safe) is the adjective.

7

शल्य चिकित्सा में समय लगता है।

Surgery takes time.

'Samay lagna' is a common phrase for 'taking time'.

8

मेरे दादाजी की शल्य चिकित्सा हुई।

My grandfather had surgery.

Passive experience: 'hui' (happened/was performed).

1

हृदय की शल्य चिकित्सा बहुत जटिल होती है।

Heart surgery is very complex.

'Jatil' (complex) describes the nature of the surgery.

2

शल्य चिकित्सा से पहले मरीज को उपवास रखना पड़ता है।

Before surgery, the patient has to fast.

'Se pehle' (before) and 'padta hai' (obligation).

3

आधुनिक शल्य चिकित्सा बहुत उन्नत हो गई है।

Modern surgery has become very advanced.

'Unnat' (advanced) and 'ho gayi hai' (has become).

4

क्या आप शल्य चिकित्सा के जोखिमों को जानते हैं?

Do you know the risks of surgery?

'Jokhim' (risk) in plural form 'jokhimon'.

5

शल्य चिकित्सा के लिए एक कुशल डॉक्टर चाहिए।

A skilled doctor is needed for surgery.

'Kushal' (skilled) modifying 'doctor'.

6

मरीज को शल्य चिकित्सा के लिए तैयार किया जा रहा है।

The patient is being prepared for surgery.

Present continuous passive: 'kiya ja raha hai'.

7

शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद देखभाल बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।

Post-surgery care is very important.

'Dekhbhaal' (care) is the subject here.

8

उन्होंने शल्य चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में बहुत नाम कमाया है।

He has earned a lot of fame in the field of surgery.

'Kshetra' (field) and 'naam kamana' (earn fame).

1

शल्य चिकित्सा के दौरान कोई भी असावधानी घातक हो सकती है।

Any carelessness during surgery can be fatal.

'Asavdhani' (carelessness) and 'ghatak' (fatal).

2

शल्य चिकित्सा की नई तकनीकों ने मृत्यु दर को कम कर दिया है।

New surgical techniques have reduced the mortality rate.

'Mrityu dar' (mortality rate) and 'kam kar dena' (to reduce).

3

शल्य चिकित्सा से पहले मरीज की सहमति लेना अनिवार्य है।

It is mandatory to take the patient's consent before surgery.

'Sahmati' (consent) and 'anivarya' (mandatory).

4

इस अस्पताल में रोबोटिक शल्य चिकित्सा की सुविधा उपलब्ध है।

Robotic surgery facility is available in this hospital.

'Suvidha' (facility) and 'uplabdh' (available).

5

शल्य चिकित्सा के परिणामों पर डॉक्टर ने संतोष व्यक्त किया।

The doctor expressed satisfaction with the results of the surgery.

'Parinaam' (results) and 'santosh vyakt karna' (express satisfaction).

6

शल्य चिकित्सा के विकल्प के रूप में दवाइयाँ भी दी जा सकती हैं।

Medicines can also be given as an alternative to surgery.

'Vikalp' (alternative) and 'ke roop mein' (as a).

7

आपातकालीन शल्य चिकित्सा के लिए अस्पताल हमेशा तैयार रहता है।

The hospital is always ready for emergency surgery.

'Aapaatkaaleen' (emergency) as an adjective.

8

शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद होने वाले संक्रमण से बचना चाहिए।

One should avoid infections that occur after surgery.

'Sankraman' (infection) and 'bachna chahiye' (should avoid).

1

शल्य चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में सुश्रुत का योगदान अतुलनीय है।

Sushruta's contribution to the field of surgery is incomparable.

'Yogdaan' (contribution) and 'atulniya' (incomparable).

2

शल्य चिकित्सा की नैतिकता पर चिकित्सा जगत में निरंतर बहस होती रहती है।

There is constant debate in the medical world about the ethics of surgery.

'Naitikta' (ethics) and 'nirantar' (constant).

3

जटिल शल्य चिकित्सा के लिए व्यापक अनुभव और सूक्ष्म कौशल की आवश्यकता होती है।

Complex surgery requires extensive experience and fine skill.

'Vyapak' (extensive) and 'sukshma kaushal' (fine skill).

4

शल्य चिकित्सा के मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रभाव का अध्ययन करना भी आवश्यक है।

It is also necessary to study the psychological impact of surgery.

'Manovaigyanik' (psychological) and 'prabhav' (impact).

5

तकनीकी प्रगति ने शल्य चिकित्सा को कम आक्रामक (less invasive) बना दिया है।

Technical progress has made surgery less invasive.

'Pragati' (progress) and 'aakraamak' (invasive).

6

शल्य चिकित्सा के कानूनी पहलुओं को समझना प्रत्येक चिकित्सक के लिए अनिवार्य है।

Understanding the legal aspects of surgery is mandatory for every physician.

'Kanooni pehlu' (legal aspects).

7

शल्य चिकित्सा के दौरान रक्त की कमी को रोकने के लिए विशेष उपाय किए गए।

Special measures were taken to prevent blood loss during surgery.

'Rakt ki kami' (blood loss) and 'vishesh upaay' (special measures).

8

शल्य चिकित्सा की सफलता केवल डॉक्टर पर नहीं, बल्कि पूरी टीम पर निर्भर करती है।

The success of surgery depends not only on the doctor but on the entire team.

'Nirbhar karna' (to depend).

1

शल्य चिकित्सा के दार्शनिक आयामों पर विचार करने से चिकित्सा की मानवीयता स्पष्ट होती है।

Reflecting on the philosophical dimensions of surgery clarifies the humanity of medicine.

'Daarshanik aayaam' (philosophical dimensions) and 'maanviyata' (humanity).

2

प्राचीन ग्रंथों में शल्य चिकित्सा की विधियों का सूक्ष्म विवरण मिलता है।

Fine details of surgical methods are found in ancient texts.

'Vidhiyon' (methods) and 'sukshma vivaran' (fine description).

3

शल्य चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में जैव-तकनीकी (biotech) का समावेश क्रांतिकारी सिद्ध हुआ है।

The inclusion of biotechnology in the field of surgery has proven to be revolutionary.

'Samavesh' (inclusion) and 'kraantikaari' (revolutionary).

4

शल्य चिकित्सा की जटिलताओं का पूर्वानुमान लगाना एक उच्च स्तरीय विशेषज्ञता है।

Predicting the complications of surgery is a high-level expertise.

'Poorvanumaan' (prediction) and 'visheshagyata' (expertise).

5

शल्य चिकित्सा के सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करना नीति-निर्माताओं का दायित्व है।

Analyzing the socio-economic impacts of surgery is the responsibility of policymakers.

'Saamaajik-aarthik' (socio-economic) and 'daayitva' (responsibility).

6

शल्य चिकित्सा के माध्यम से अंग प्रत्यारोपण ने चिकित्सा विज्ञान की सीमाओं को विस्तारित किया है।

Organ transplantation through surgery has expanded the boundaries of medical science.

'Ang pratyaaropan' (organ transplant) and 'vistarit karna' (to expand).

7

शल्य चिकित्सा के उपरांत पुनर्वास की प्रक्रिया उतनी ही महत्वपूर्ण है जितनी कि स्वयं शल्य क्रिया।

The rehabilitation process after surgery is as important as the surgery itself.

'Punarsvaas' (rehabilitation) and 'utni hi... jitni ki' (as... as).

8

शल्य चिकित्सा की विफलता के नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व का प्रश्न अत्यंत संवेदनशील है।

The question of moral responsibility for the failure of surgery is extremely sensitive.

'Vifalta' (failure) and 'uttardaayitva' (responsibility).

Collocations courantes

सफल शल्य चिकित्सा
जटिल शल्य चिकित्सा
आपातकालीन शल्य चिकित्सा
शल्य चिकित्सा कक्ष
शल्य चिकित्सा विशेषज्ञ
शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद
शल्य चिकित्सा का जोखिम
शल्य चिकित्सा की तकनीक
शल्य चिकित्सा की सलाह
शल्य चिकित्सा विभाग

Phrases Courantes

शल्य चिकित्सा करवाना

— To undergo or have surgery performed on oneself.

उसने घुटने की शल्य चिकित्सा करवाई।

शल्य चिकित्सा करना

— To perform surgery (usually by a doctor).

डॉक्टर ने सफलतापूर्वक शल्य चिकित्सा की।

शल्य चिकित्सा की ज़रूरत

— The need for surgery.

क्या शल्य चिकित्सा की ज़रूरत है?

शल्य चिकित्सा का डर

— Fear of surgery.

बच्चों को शल्य चिकित्सा का डर होता है।

शल्य चिकित्सा के परिणाम

— Results or outcomes of surgery.

शल्य चिकित्सा के परिणाम अच्छे रहे।

शल्य चिकित्सा की फीस

— The cost or fee for surgery.

शल्य चिकित्सा की फीस बहुत ज़्यादा है।

शल्य चिकित्सा की तैयारी

— Preparation for surgery.

शल्य चिकित्सा की तैयारी पूरी हो गई है।

शल्य चिकित्सा का इतिहास

— The history of surgery.

हम शल्य चिकित्सा का इतिहास पढ़ रहे हैं।

शल्य चिकित्सा के उपकरण

— Surgical instruments.

शल्य चिकित्सा के उपकरण कीटाणुरहित होने चाहिए।

शल्य चिकित्सा की अनुमति

— Permission or consent for surgery.

परिवार ने शल्य चिकित्सा की अनुमति दे दी।

Souvent confondu avec

शल्य चिकित्सा vs शल्य चिकित्सक

This refers to the person (surgeon), while 'Chikitsa' is the procedure.

शल्य चिकित्सा vs औषधीय चिकित्सा

This refers to treatment with medicine, not surgery.

शल्य चिकित्सा vs मनोचिकित्सा

This is psychotherapy/mental treatment, not physical surgery.

Expressions idiomatiques

"चीर-फाड़ करना"

— To perform surgery (colloquial, often used to describe a messy or scary operation).

डॉक्टरों ने पाँच घंटे तक चीर-फाड़ की।

Informal
"नसों का जाल"

— Used to describe a very complex surgery involving nerves.

यह शल्य चिकित्सा नसों के जाल को सुलझाने जैसी थी।

Metaphorical
"जीवनदान देना"

— To give a new life (often said after a successful life-saving surgery).

इस शल्य चिकित्सा ने उसे जीवनदान दिया है।

Neutral
"मौत के मुँह से निकलना"

— To escape from the mouth of death (after a risky surgery).

शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद वह मौत के मुँह से निकल आया।

Informal
"हाथ साफ़ करना"

— Literally 'to clean hands', but in a medical context, it can mean a surgeon getting practice.

नए डॉक्टर इस शल्य चिकित्सा पर अपना हाथ साफ़ कर रहे हैं।

Informal/Slightly negative
"काँट-छाँट करना"

— To trim or cut (metaphorically used for minor corrective surgeries).

डॉक्टर ने नाक की थोड़ी काँट-छाँट की है।

Informal
"पत्थर की लकीर"

— Something unchangeable (often used when a surgeon says surgery is the only option).

डॉक्टर की शल्य चिकित्सा की सलाह पत्थर की लकीर है।

Neutral
"ज़ख्म पर नमक छिड़कना"

— To rub salt on a wound (sometimes used if a surgery fails and causes more pain).

असफल शल्य चिकित्सा ने ज़ख्म पर नमक छिड़क दिया।

Informal
"दिल चीरना"

— To cut open the heart (used literally in heart surgery or metaphorically for deep pain).

हृदय की शल्य चिकित्सा में दिल चीरना पड़ता है।

Literal/Metaphorical
"खून-खराबा"

— Bloodshed (sometimes used jokingly or fearfully about a major surgery).

इस शल्य चिकित्सा में बहुत खून-खराबा हुआ।

Slang

Facile à confondre

शल्य चिकित्सा vs शल्य

It's just the first part.

Shalya means 'arrow' or 'foreign body'; Shalya Chikitsa is the whole field of surgery.

उसने शरीर से शल्य निकाला।

शल्य चिकित्सा vs चिकित्सा

It's a general term.

Chikitsa is any treatment; Shalya Chikitsa is specifically surgical.

आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सा अच्छी है।

शल्य चिकित्सा vs ऑपरेशन

Same meaning.

Operation is an English loanword; Shalya Chikitsa is formal Hindi.

डॉक्टर ने ऑपरेशन किया।

शल्य चिकित्सा vs उपचार

Similar meaning.

Upchaar is general 'cure/remedy'; Shalya Chikitsa is a specific method.

उसका उपचार हो रहा है।

शल्य चिकित्सा vs शल्य क्रिया

Very close.

Kriya emphasizes the 'act'; Chikitsa emphasizes the 'healing/science'.

शल्य क्रिया सफल रही।

Structures de phrases

A1

यह [Noun] है।

यह शल्य चिकित्सा है।

A2

[Noun] कल होगी।

शल्य चिकित्सा कल होगी।

B1

[Noun] सफल रही।

शल्य चिकित्सा सफल रही।

B1

क्या [Noun] ज़रूरी है?

क्या शल्य चिकित्सा ज़रूरी है?

B2

[Noun] के बाद [Verb] चाहिए।

शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद आराम करना चाहिए।

C1

[Noun] के क्षेत्र में [Person] का योगदान...

शल्य चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में सुश्रुत का योगदान...

C2

यद्यपि [Noun] [Adjective] है, फिर भी...

यद्यपि शल्य चिकित्सा जटिल है, फिर भी यह सफल रही।

C2

[Noun] की नैतिकता का प्रश्न...

शल्य चिकित्सा की नैतिकता का प्रश्न अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है।

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in formal writing, rare in casual street speech.

Erreurs courantes
  • मेरा शल्य चिकित्सा → मेरी शल्य चिकित्सा

    Chikitsa is feminine; the possessive must be 'meri'.

  • शल्य चिकित्सा हुआ → शल्य चिकित्सा हुई

    The verb must agree with the feminine gender of the noun.

  • शल्य चिकित्सक कल होगी → शल्य चिकित्सक कल आएगा

    Confusing the procedure (feminine) with the person (usually masculine).

  • Using 'cheer-phaad' in a report. → Using 'Shalya Chikitsa'.

    'Cheer-phaad' is too informal and crude for professional writing.

  • Pronouncing it 'Salya'. → Pronouncing it 'Shalya'.

    The 'Sha' is a palatal sibilant, not a dental one.

Astuces

Gender Agreement

Always treat 'Shalya Chikitsa' as feminine. This is the most common mistake for learners. Say 'acchi shalya chikitsa' and 'shalya chikitsa hui'.

Formal Register

Use this word in essays, formal letters, or when speaking to elderly or respected professionals to show high proficiency.

The 'Sh' Sound

Ensure you use the soft 'sh' (as in sheep), not the hard 's'. Mispronouncing it can change the feel of the word.

Ancient Roots

Mentioning Sushruta when talking about surgery in India will impress native speakers and show your cultural knowledge.

Word Breakdown

Remember Shalya = Arrow/Thorn and Chikitsa = Treatment. This makes the word easier to remember than just a long string of sounds.

Conjunct Practice

Practice writing the 'ly' (ल्य) conjunct carefully. It is a common pattern in many other Hindi words like 'Muly' (value).

Context Matters

In a busy emergency room, just say 'Operation'. In a medical seminar, say 'Shalya Chikitsa'. Context is everything in Hindi.

News Keywords

Listen for this word in news reports about celebrities or politicians. It is a standard 'news keyword' for medical updates.

Visual Aid

Visualize a 'Shield' (Shalya) being fixed by 'Care' (Chikitsa). Shield-Care = Surgery.

Respect

Using formal terms for medical conditions shows respect for the patient's situation and the doctor's profession.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Shal' as a 'Scalpel' and 'Chikitsa' as 'Check-it-sir'. So, 'Scalpel Check-it-sir' = Surgery.

Association visuelle

Imagine a surgeon holding a sharp 'Shalya' (arrow-like tool) to perform a 'Chikitsa' (healing act) in a bright white room.

Word Web

Hospital Surgeon Anesthesia Scalpel Recovery Operation Patient Health

Défi

Try to say 'Shalya Chikitsa' five times fast without making it sound like 'Salya'. Then, write a sentence about a robot doing it.

Origine du mot

Derived from the ancient Sanskrit language, which is the root of most Indo-Aryan languages including Hindi. It is a 'Tatsama' word, meaning it has been borrowed directly from Sanskrit without phonetic change.

Sens originel : Shalya (शल्) means 'to move quickly' or refers to an 'arrow/thorn'. Chikitsa (कित्) means 'to cure/heal'. Together, it originally meant 'healing from wounds caused by arrows'.

Indo-Aryan -> Sanskrit -> Hindi.

Contexte culturel

Avoid using the informal term 'cheer-phaad' when talking to patients or their families as it can sound scary or disrespectful.

English speakers usually just say 'Surgery'. The Hindi term is much more formal and historically loaded than the English equivalent.

Sushruta Samhita (Ancient text) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Hindi reports Hindi medical dramas on TV

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Hospital Visit

  • शल्य चिकित्सा विभाग कहाँ है?
  • शल्य चिकित्सा में कितना समय लगेगा?
  • क्या शल्य चिकित्सा ज़रूरी है?
  • शल्य चिकित्सा का खर्च क्या है?

Reading News

  • शल्य चिकित्सा सफल रही
  • नई तकनीक का उपयोग
  • विशेषज्ञों की टीम
  • मरीज की हालत स्थिर है

Medical Exam

  • शल्य चिकित्सा के प्रकार
  • सुश्रुत का योगदान
  • शल्य क्रिया की विधि
  • संक्रमण का खतरा

Insurance Claim

  • शल्य चिकित्सा का विवरण
  • अस्पताल का बिल
  • डॉक्टर का प्रमाण पत्र
  • पॉलिसी के नियम

Family Talk

  • दादी की शल्य चिकित्सा
  • डरने की बात नहीं है
  • अच्छे डॉक्टर से मिलें
  • जल्दी ठीक हो जाओ

Amorces de conversation

"क्या आपको कभी शल्य चिकित्सा करवानी पड़ी है?"

"आपके देश में शल्य चिकित्सा कितनी महँगी है?"

"क्या आप रोबोटिक शल्य चिकित्सा पर भरोसा करते हैं?"

"शल्य चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में सबसे बड़ी खोज क्या है?"

"क्या आप एक शल्य चिकित्सक बनना चाहेंगे?"

Sujets d'écriture

लिखिए कि अगर आपको कभी शल्य चिकित्सा करवानी पड़ी, तो आपका अनुभव कैसा था।

क्या आपको लगता है कि भविष्य में शल्य चिकित्सा केवल मशीनों द्वारा की जाएगी?

प्राचीन भारतीय शल्य चिकित्सा के बारे में अपने विचार लिखिए।

एक अस्पताल के शल्य चिकित्सा कक्ष का वर्णन कीजिए।

शल्य चिकित्सा के जोखिमों और लाभों पर एक छोटा लेख लिखिए।

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, most people use 'Operation'. 'Shalya Chikitsa' is reserved for formal writing, news, and academic contexts. If you use it with friends, you might sound like a textbook, but it is grammatically correct.

It is feminine. This is because the main word 'Chikitsa' is feminine. You must use feminine adjectives like 'Badi' and verbs like 'hui' with it. For example, 'Meri shalya chikitsa hui'.

Sushruta is considered the father of surgery (Shalya Chikitsa). He wrote the Sushruta Samhita in ancient India, which is one of the oldest medical texts in the world.

Yes, in modern urban Hindi (Hinglish), people often say 'Surgery' or 'Operation'. However, if you are taking a Hindi exam or reading a formal document, you will see 'Shalya Chikitsa'.

A surgeon is called a 'Shalya Chikitsak'. The suffix '-ak' makes it the person who does the surgery. It is a very formal and respected title in Hindi.

In Sanskrit, 'Shalya' literally means an arrow, a thorn, or any foreign object that pierces the body. This reflects the ancient origin of surgery as a way to remove battlefield injuries.

They are nearly identical. 'Chikitsa' means 'treatment' or 'science of healing', while 'Kriya' means 'action' or 'procedure'. 'Chikitsa' is slightly more common as a general term for the field.

Formally, it is 'Hridaya Shalya Chikitsa'. In common speech, people might say 'Heart ka operation'. Using 'Hridaya' matches the formal register of 'Shalya Chikitsa'.

It is written as शल्य. It uses the palatal 'Sha', then a 'la' with a virama (half-la) attached to 'ya'. It is a common conjunct in Sanskritized Hindi.

Yes, 'Shalya Tantra' is one of the eight branches of Ayurveda. Modern Ayurvedic practitioners use this term to describe surgical methods mentioned in ancient texts.

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writing

Translate into Hindi: 'The heart surgery was successful.'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'Shalya Chikitsak'.

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Translate into English: 'शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद आराम ज़रूरी है।'

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writing

Describe a surgeon's work in one Hindi sentence.

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writing

Translate into Hindi: 'Is surgery mandatory for this disease?'

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Write a sentence using 'Aapaatkaaleen Shalya Chikitsa'.

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Translate into English: 'आधुनिक शल्य चिकित्सा बहुत उन्नत है।'

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Write a sentence using 'Shalya Chikitsa Vibhag'.

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Translate into Hindi: 'I am afraid of surgery.'

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writing

Translate into English: 'सुश्रुत को शल्य चिकित्सा का जनक माना जाता है।'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'Jatil Shalya Chikitsa'.

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Translate into Hindi: 'The surgery room is clean.'

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writing

Translate into English: 'क्या शल्य चिकित्सा के जोखिम हैं?'

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writing

Write a sentence about robotic surgery in Hindi.

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Translate into Hindi: 'The doctor advised surgery.'

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Translate into English: 'शल्य चिकित्सा की फीस कितनी है?'

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Write a sentence using 'Netra Shalya Chikitsa'.

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Translate into Hindi: 'Surgery takes five hours.'

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Translate into English: 'शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद वह ठीक है।'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'Shalya Tantra'.

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speaking

Pronounce correctly: 'Shalya Chikitsa'.

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Say 'The surgery was successful' in Hindi.

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Explain what a 'Shalya Chikitsak' does in Hindi.

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Say 'I need to go to the surgery department' in Hindi.

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speaking

Describe heart surgery in one Hindi sentence.

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speaking

Say 'Is surgery mandatory?' in Hindi.

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Pronounce 'Shalya Chikitsa Vibhag' clearly.

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Say 'Modern surgery is advanced' in Hindi.

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Explain the meaning of 'Shalya' in Hindi.

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Say 'Surgery takes time' in Hindi.

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Ask a doctor about surgery risks in Hindi.

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speaking

Say 'Sushruta is the father of surgery' in Hindi.

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Say 'The surgery room is on the second floor' in Hindi.

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Describe plastic surgery in Hindi.

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Say 'After surgery, rest is needed' in Hindi.

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Say 'The surgery was successful' (formal) in Hindi.

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Ask 'When is your surgery?' in Hindi.

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Say 'The fee is too high' in Hindi.

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Say 'Robotic surgery is safe' in Hindi.

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Explain why surgery is important in Hindi.

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listening

Transcribe: 'डॉक्टर शल्य चिकित्सा कर रहे हैं।'

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listening

Transcribe: 'शल्य चिकित्सा सफल रही।'

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listening

Transcribe: 'क्या शल्य चिकित्सा ज़रूरी है?'

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listening

Transcribe: 'हृदय की शल्य चिकित्सा बहुत जटिल है।'

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listening

Transcribe: 'शल्य चिकित्सा के बाद आराम करें।'

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listening

Transcribe: 'शल्य चिकित्सा विभाग कहाँ है?'

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listening

Transcribe: 'मरीज को शल्य चिकित्सा के लिए ले जाया गया।'

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listening

Transcribe: 'सुश्रुत को शल्य चिकित्सा का जनक कहा जाता है।'

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listening

Transcribe: 'रोबोटिक शल्य चिकित्सा नई तकनीक है।'

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listening

Transcribe: 'शल्य चिकित्सा कक्ष में शांति रखें।'

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listening

Transcribe: 'क्या आपकी शल्य चिकित्सा कल है?'

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listening

Transcribe: 'शल्य चिकित्सा के जोखिमों को समझें।'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Transcribe: 'डॉक्टर ने शल्य चिकित्सा की सलाह दी।'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Transcribe: 'शल्य चिकित्सा सफल नहीं हो पाई।'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Transcribe: 'नेत्र शल्य चिकित्सा में लेजर का उपयोग होता है।'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :

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