Aujourd'hui, Hier, Demain (오늘, 어제, 내일)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use {오늘|今日} (today), {어제|昨日} (yesterday), and {내일|來日} (tomorrow) at the start of your sentence to anchor your time.
- Place time words at the very beginning of the sentence: '오늘 공부해요' (I study today).
- These words do not need particles like '에' (at/in) because they are relative time nouns.
- Combine them with verb tenses to change meaning: '어제 먹었어요' (I ate yesterday).
Overview
오늘에 ? Grosse erreur.오늘 (aujourd'hui), 어제 (hier) et 내일 (demain). Ces trois mots simples sont votre kit de survie quotidien en Corée.에 avec eux.How This Grammar Works
에 (à/en). Pensez au français. Vous dites « lundi » mais vous ne dites jamais « en aujourd'hui ».오늘에, cela semble tout aussi bizarre. Une autre règle stricte est la concordance des temps.어제 doit s'associer au passé. 오늘 s'associe au présent ou au futur. 내일 s'associe exclusivement aux formes futures.에) !Formation Pattern
오늘, 어제 ou 내일).
에.
Conjugation Table
| Form | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Past | 어제 넷플릭스 봤어요 | J'ai regardé Netflix hier |
| Present | 오늘 피자 먹어요 | Je mange de la pizza aujourd'hui |
| Future | 내일 출근할 거예요 | J'irai au travail demain |
When To Use It
은/는 pour insister.Common Mistakes
에.금일 dans les textos occasionnels.Contrast With Similar Patterns
월요일) prennent la particule 에. Mais pas 오늘.지금 (maintenant) ? 지금 est pour cette seconde exacte, 오늘 est pour la journée.모레 (après-demain) ne prend PAS non plus 에.Quick FAQ
Puis-je attacher d'autres particules ?
Oui ! Comme 은/는 ou 도.
Où vont-ils dans la phrase ?
Généralement au tout début.
Existe-t-il des versions formelles ?
Oui, 금일 pour les affaires.
Comment dire ce matin ?
오늘 아침. Pas de 에 !
Puis-je utiliser 오늘 pour dire de nos jours ?
Utilisez plutôt 요즘.
Pourquoi 내일 a-t-il un Hanja ?
Emprunté au chinois, alors que aujourd'hui/hier sont du coréen pur.
오늘 밤 signifie-t-il ce soir ?
Exactement ! Et sans 에.
Time Word & Verb Tense Alignment
| Time Word | Meaning | Typical Tense | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
어제
|
Yesterday
|
Past (-았/었/였어요)
|
어제 먹었어요
|
|
오늘
|
Today
|
Present (-아요/어요)
|
오늘 먹어요
|
|
내일
|
Tomorrow
|
Future (-ㄹ 거예요)
|
내일 먹을 거예요
|
Meanings
These are the three fundamental temporal deictic adverbs used to anchor actions in the past, present, or future.
Relative Time Anchor
Defining the temporal frame of an action relative to the current day.
“오늘 날씨가 좋아요.”
“어제 친구를 만났어요.”
Reference Table
| Coréen | Français | Prend '에' ? | Temps requis |
|---|---|---|---|
|
그저께
|
Avant-hier
|
Non
|
Passé
|
|
어제
|
Hier
|
Non
|
Passé
|
|
오늘
|
Aujourd'hui
|
Non
|
Présent / Futur
|
|
내일
|
Demain
|
Non
|
Futur
|
|
모레
|
Après-demain
|
Non
|
Futur
|
Spectre de formalité
내일 갑니다. (Daily life)
내일 가요. (Daily life)
내일 가. (Daily life)
내일 고! (Daily life)
Mots de temps et temps des verbes
Passé
- 어제 Hier
Présent
- 오늘 Aujourd'hui
Futur
- 내일 Demain
Avec ou sans '에' ?
Choisir son mot de temps
C'est déjà passé ?
C'est pour aujourd'hui ?
Le club sans particule
Le trio de base
- • 어제
- • 오늘
- • 내일
Le trio étendu
- • 그저께
- • 모레
- • 글피
Exemples par niveau
오늘 학교에 가요.
I go to school today.
어제 친구를 만났어요.
I met a friend yesterday.
내일 한국어를 공부해요.
I will study Korean tomorrow.
오늘 날씨가 좋아요.
The weather is nice today.
어제는 비가 많이 왔어요.
It rained a lot yesterday.
내일은 바빠요.
I am busy tomorrow.
오늘 점심은 뭐예요?
What is for lunch today?
어제 숙제를 다 했어요.
I finished all my homework yesterday.
내일 회의가 있어서 일찍 가야 해요.
I have a meeting tomorrow, so I must leave early.
어제 본 영화가 정말 재미있었어요.
The movie I saw yesterday was really fun.
오늘부터 다이어트를 시작할 거예요.
I will start a diet from today.
내일은 비가 올 것 같아요.
It looks like it will rain tomorrow.
어제 제출했어야 할 서류를 오늘 가져왔습니다.
I brought the documents today that should have been submitted yesterday.
내일은 프로젝트 마감일이라 야근이 예상됩니다.
Tomorrow is the project deadline, so overtime is expected.
오늘따라 커피가 더 맛있네요.
The coffee tastes better today of all days.
어제는 정말 정신없는 하루였어요.
Yesterday was a really hectic day.
내일 있을 발표 준비로 오늘 하루 종일 바빴습니다.
I was busy all day today preparing for the presentation tomorrow.
어제 그가 했던 말은 오늘 상황과는 맞지 않습니다.
What he said yesterday does not fit the current situation today.
내일은 또 어떤 일이 벌어질지 기대되네요.
I'm looking forward to what will happen tomorrow.
오늘의 결정이 내일의 미래를 바꿀 것입니다.
Today's decision will change tomorrow's future.
어제는 과거의 기억으로, 오늘은 현재의 노력으로, 내일은 미래의 희망으로 삽니다.
I live with yesterday's memories, today's efforts, and tomorrow's hopes.
내일 당장 떠나야 할지도 모르는 상황입니다.
It is a situation where I might have to leave as early as tomorrow.
오늘 같은 날에는 따뜻한 차 한 잔이 제격이죠.
On a day like today, a cup of warm tea is perfect.
어제보다 나은 오늘을 위해 매일 노력합니다.
I strive every day for a today that is better than yesterday.
Facile à confondre
Learners confuse 'today' with 'this week'.
Both start with '내'.
Both refer to the past.
Erreurs courantes
오늘에
오늘
어제 공부해요
어제 공부했어요
공부해요 어제
어제 공부해요
내일은 갈 거예요
내일 갈 거예요
어제 먹을 거예요
어제 먹었어요
오늘에 학교 가요
오늘 학교 가요
내일은 안 갈 거예요
내일 안 갈 거예요
어제부터 공부해요
어제부터 공부했어요
내일은 비가 올 거다
내일은 비가 올 거예요
오늘 날씨가 춥다
오늘 날씨가 추워요
어제 했던 일을 오늘 할 것이다
어제 했던 일을 오늘 한다
내일은 갈 수 있다
내일은 갈 수 있을 것이다
오늘 같은 날은
오늘 같은 날에는
어제는 그랬지만
어제는 그랬으나
Structures de phrases
___에 뭐 했어요?
___에 갈 거예요.
___는 바빠요.
___부터 ___까지 공부해요.
Real World Usage
내일 봐!
어제 준비했습니다.
오늘의 날씨
오늘 배달 가능해요?
내일 비행기표 있어요?
오늘 행복해!
Oublie le '에' !
Ajoute '도' pour dire 'aussi'
Le jargon de bureau
Liberté totale de placement
Smart Tips
Add the topic particle '는' to the time word.
Start with the time word to set the scene.
Look at your time word first.
Combine time words with specific dates.
Prononciation
오늘
Pronounced as '오늘' due to liaison.
어제
Standard pronunciation.
내일
Pronounced as '내일' but the 'ㄹ' sound is liquid.
Statement
오늘 가요. ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
Question
오늘 가요? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of 'Oh-je' (Yesterday) as 'Oh, gee, that's over', 'O-neul' (Today) as 'Oh, now', and 'Nae-il' (Tomorrow) as 'Nay, not yet'.
Association visuelle
Imagine a calendar. Yesterday is a faded grey page behind you. Today is a bright yellow page in front of you. Tomorrow is a fresh white page waiting to be written.
Rhyme
Yesterday is 어제, today is 오늘, tomorrow is 내일, let's learn them well!
Story
Yesterday (어제) I was tired. Today (오늘) I am happy. Tomorrow (내일) I will be successful.
Word Web
Défi
Write three sentences about your day using these words and share them with a language partner.
Notes culturelles
Punctuality is highly valued. Using these words correctly in scheduling is key to social harmony.
In formal business, '내일' is often replaced with '익일' (next day) in written documents.
Young people often use '내일' in texting to mean 'see you later'.
These words are native Korean terms that have existed since Old Korean.
Amorces de conversation
오늘 뭐 해요?
어제 뭐 했어요?
내일 계획이 있어요?
오늘 날씨가 어때요?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
___ 넷플릭스를 봤어요. (J'ai regardé Netflix hier.)
Choisis la phrase qui utilise le mot de temps sans particule incorrecte.
내일 학교에 갔어요.
Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercises___ 저는 학교에 갔어요.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
어제 갈 거예요.
가요 / 내일 / 학교 / 에
I am busy today.
어제 / 오늘 / 내일
어제 ___.
A: 내일 뭐 해요? B: ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises___ 뭐 해요? (Tu fais quoi aujourd'hui ?)
오늘에 너무 바빠요.
Traduis : J'irai travailler demain.
On se voit demain ?
Sélectionne la phrase correcte.
Associe les mots.
___ 피곤해요. (Pour ce qui est d'aujourd'hui, je suis fatigué.)
어제 한국어를 공부할 거예요.
Traduis : J'ai rencontré un ami hier.
Je me repose à la maison aujourd'hui.
Identifie la paire incorrecte.
___ 영화 볼까요? (On regarde un film ce soir ?)
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No, '오늘' is an adverbial noun and does not take the particle '에'.
You must match the tense to the time word. '어제' = past, '오늘' = present, '내일' = future.
It is neutral and used in all registers.
That is '모레'.
It is grammatically possible but very unnatural.
Yes, they are standard in all professional settings.
'오늘' is today; '오늘날' means 'these days' or 'modern times'.
No, they remain the same regardless of who you are talking to.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hoy, Ayer, Mañana
Korean requires sentence-initial placement for these words.
Aujourd'hui, Hier, Demain
Korean uses no particles at all.
Heute, Gestern, Morgen
German requires verb-second position.
Kyou, Kinou, Ashita
Japanese uses particles like 'wa' more frequently.
Al-yawm, Ams, Ghadan
Korean is agglutinative.
Jintian, Zuotian, Mingtian
Chinese has no verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Vidéos associées
Related Grammar Rules
Particule de Durée : 동안 (Pendant/Durant)
Overview As-tu déjà essayé de dire à un ami exactement combien de temps tu l'as attendu à la gare alors qu'il était "jus...
Nombres Coréens Natifs 1-99 (Hana, Dul, Set)
Overview As-tu déjà essayé de commander deux bières en Corée et paniqué sur quel "deux" utiliser ? Tu n'es pas seul. Le...
Compter les animaux : utiliser 마리 (mari)
Overview Vous êtes-vous déjà demandé comment dire à votre ami coréen que vous êtes l'heureux 'parent' de trois golden re...
Lire l'heure : Heures natives et minutes sino-coréennes
### Overview Apprendre à dire l'heure en coréen est une étape fondamentale pour tout débutant. En français, nous utilis...
Classificateur général 개 (Compter les choses)
### Overview Bienvenue dans le monde fascinant du coréen ! En tant que francophone, tu as l'habitude de dire simplement...