Start-up vs. Startup vs. Start up : Quelle est la différence ?
startup, c'est la chose (l'entreprise), mais start up, c'est l'action de la lancer.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'start up' (two words) as a verb and 'startup' or 'start-up' (one word/hyphenated) as a noun.
- Use 'start up' for actions: 'I want to start up a company.'
- Use 'startup' (US) or 'start-up' (UK) for the business entity: 'She works at a startup.'
- Never hyphenate the verb form: 'He starts-up the car' is always incorrect.
Overview
startup (un seul mot), start-up (avec un trait d'union) et start up (en deux mots).start up et le nom startup est l'une des erreurs les plus fréquentes chez les apprenants français, car elle découle d'une différence fondamentale dans la structure de nos deux langues. En gros, la différence n'est pas une question de sens, mais de fonction grammaticale.start up) à l'objet (startup) suit un schéma que tu pourras appliquer à des centaines d'autres mots.start upstart up. C'est ce qu'on appelle un phrasal verb (un verbe à particule). En anglais, un verbe de base (ici start) est associé à une particule (up) pour créer un nouveau sens.start up, nous dirions « démarrer », « lancer » ou « mettre en marche ».start up exprime l'action. Puisque c'est un verbe, il se conjugue :- *Present Simple*:
He starts up his computer.
- *Past Simple*:
They started up the company in 2015.
- *Present Continuous*:
We are starting up a new project.
startup ou start-upstartup(oustart-up) est une chose.- Il peut être le sujet d'une phrase :
The startup is growing fast.
- Il peut être un complément :
I work for a startup.
- Il peut se mettre au pluriel :
Many startups fail in the first year.
startupstartup costs.startup répond à la question « Quel type de... ? » :What kind of culture?
→Startup culture.
What kind of ecosystem?
→Startup ecosystem.
start up | Phrasal Verb | Verbe + [Espace] + Particule | C'est l'action. Les deux mots sont séparés. On peut même insérer un objet entre les deux. Ex: "It's time to start up the engine." |start-up | Noun / Adjective | Verbe + [Trait d'union] + Particule | C'est la chose (forme classique). Le trait d'union lie les mots pour en faire un nom. Très commun en anglais britannique. Ex: He invested in a tech start-up.|
startup | Noun / Adjective | Verbe + Particule (Soudés) | C'est la chose (forme moderne). C'est devenu le standard, surtout aux USA et dans le milieu de la tech. Ex: She is the CEO of a successful startup.|
startup, tu as compris des centaines d'autres mots. Regarde ces équivalents très courants au bureau ou dans la vie quotidienne :to log in (se connecter) | a login (un identifiant) | Use your login to log in to the system.|
to set up (installer/configurer) | a setup (une configuration) | The setup was easy to set up.|
to back up (sauvegarder) | a backup (une sauvegarde) | Always back up your files to have a backup.|
to work out (s'entraîner) | a workout (une séance) | I had a great workout when I worked out today.|
start up), puis les gens commencent à utiliser un trait d'union pour plus de clarté (start-up), et enfin, avec l'usage massif, le mot finit par se souder complètement (startup). Aujourd'hui, dans le monde des affaires, startup sans trait d'union est la forme la plus acceptée et la plus moderne.startup (Nom ou Adjectif)- Dans un contexte financier :
The startup raised $2 million in seed funding.
- Dans un contexte de recrutement : "I'm looking for a startup job with stock options."
- Dans un contexte de style de vie :
The startup atmosphere is very casual here.
startup (en un seul mot). C'est la forme préférée par le *AP Stylebook*, la référence pour les journalistes et les rédacteurs anglophones.start up (Verbe)- Technologie :
My computer takes a long time to start up.
(Ici, on parle du démarrage du système). - Mécanique :
Can you start up the generator?
(Mettre en marche). - Social :
They started up a conversation in the elevator.
(Engager la conversation). - Business : "It's a great time to start up a new business." (Lancer/Créer).
start et start upstart ? ».up apporte souvent une idée de complétude ou de mise en mouvement à partir de zéro.Start the meetingsignifie simplement commencer la réunion à l'heure prévue.Start up a companysuggère tout le processus de création, de mise en place et de lancement à partir de rien.
up donne une énergie supplémentaire, une idée de déploiement.- Incorrect :
I want to startup my own agency.
- Pourquoi c'est faux : Tu essaies d'utiliser un objet (
startup) pour exprimer une action. - Correct :
I want to start up my own agency.
- L'astuce : Si tu peux mettre
todevant, il te faut deux mots (le verbe et sa particule).
startup que pour les entreprises. Mais pour un ordinateur ou une voiture, ils oublient que c'est le même verbe.- Incorrect :
Wait, my laptop is start-uping.
- Pourquoi c'est faux : On ne rajoute pas
-ingà un nom composé. On le rajoute au verbe. - Correct :
Wait, my laptop is starting up.
- Incorrect :
We need to start-up the project.
- Pourquoi c'est faux : Un verbe à particule ne prend jamais de trait d'union en anglais. Le trait d'union sert à souder des mots pour en faire un nom, pas pour conjuguer une action.
- Correct :
We need to start up the project.
startup avec d'autres mots que tu utilises probablement déjà sans savoir qu'ils suivent la même logique. L'anglais adore transformer des actions en concepts.to break down | a breakdown | L'action de tomber en panne vs la panne elle-même. |to set up | a setup | L'action d'installer vs l'installation/le matériel. |to take over | a takeover | L'action de prendre le contrôle vs un rachat d'entreprise. |to check in | a check-in | L'action de s'enregistrer vs le moment/lieu de l'enregistrement. |to follow up | a follow-up | L'action de relancer quelqu'un vs le suivi/la relance. |- 1Action :
I need to set up my new desk.
(Je dois monter mon bureau). - 2Chose :
I love your new gaming setup!
(J'adore ton installation/ton matériel).
- 1Action :
Can you follow up with the client?
(Peux-tu relancer le client ?). - 2Chose : "Let's schedule a follow-up next week." (Planifions un suivi la semaine prochaine).
start-up avec un trait d'union est faux ?startup.startup sans trait d'union pour le nom.startup ?a startup, deux startups → two startups. Si c'est le verbe, le 's' ne s'ajoute qu'à la troisième personne du présent : He starts up.startup comme adjectif ?startup world, startup founder, startup phase. Dans ce cas, il ne prend jamais de 's', même si le nom qui suit est au pluriel (ex: startup companies).start-up était la seule forme.startup est devenu la norme. Les deux coexistent, mais le monde des affaires a déjà fait son choix : un seul mot, pas d'espace, pas de trait d'union.Conjugating the Phrasal Verb 'Start up'
| Tense | Subject | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
start up
|
They start up the engine.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
starts up
|
She starts up the app.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
started up
|
We started up the business.
|
|
Present Participle
|
All subjects
|
starting up
|
They are starting up now.
|
|
Past Participle
|
All subjects
|
started up
|
The car has started up.
|
Meanings
The distinction between the action of beginning something (phrasal verb) and the entity or process itself (noun/adjective).
The Business Entity
A newly established business, especially one that is small and innovative.
“The startup raised $2 million in funding.”
“Working for a startup is risky but rewarding.”
The Phrasal Verb (Action)
To begin operating, or to set something in motion.
“Can you start up the lawnmower?”
“They are planning to start up a new branch in Tokyo.”
The Adjective
Relating to the beginning of a business or project.
“We are facing high startup costs this year.”
“The startup phase is the most difficult part.”
Reference Table
| Forme | Nature grammaticale | Usage courant | Exemple |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`startup`
|
Nom
|
Forme la plus courante pour une nouvelle entreprise.
|
She works at a fintech `startup`.
|
|
`startup`
|
Adjectif
|
Décrit quelque chose avec les qualités d'une nouvelle entreprise.
|
He enjoys the fast-paced `startup` environment.
|
|
`start-up`
|
Nom
|
Version plus ancienne, mais toujours correcte, de `startup`.
|
The `start-up` is looking for investors.
|
|
`start-up`
|
Adjectif
|
Ancienne façon de décrire quelque chose lié à une nouvelle entreprise.
|
They calculated their initial `start-up` costs.
|
|
`start up`
|
Locution verbale
|
L'action de commencer quelque chose.
|
Let's `start up` the car.
|
|
`start up`
|
Locution verbale
|
L'action de lancer une entreprise.
|
They decided to `start up` a company together.
|
Spectre de formalité
The founders intend to establish a new enterprise. (Business creation)
They are going to start up a new company. (Business creation)
They're starting up a new biz. (Business creation)
They're launching a new hustle. (Business creation)
Startup vs. Start up
Quelle forme utiliser ?
Décris-tu une ACTION (comme commencer quelque chose) ?
Parles-tu d'une CHOSE (une nouvelle entreprise) ou la DÉCRIS-tu ?
Exemples d'utilisation par contexte
Affaires
- • Invest in a startup
- • Startup funding
- • Start up a new division
Technologie
- • Start up your computer
- • A software startup
- • Start up the simulation
Vie quotidienne
- • Start up a conversation
- • Start up the car
- • Start up a game
Le monde de 'Start'
Comme locution verbale
- start up Commencer/initier
Comme nom/adjectif
- startup Une nouvelle entreprise (moderne)
- start-up Une nouvelle entreprise (plus ancienne)
Exemples par niveau
I start up the car.
I start up the car.
It is a new startup.
It is a new startup.
We start up the game.
We start up the game.
The startup is small.
The startup is small.
He started up his computer at 9 AM.
He started up his computer at 9 AM.
Do you like working for a startup?
Do you like working for a startup?
They want to start up a small cafe.
They want to start up a small cafe.
Many startups fail in the first year.
Many startups fail in the first year.
The company is a successful tech startup based in Berlin.
The company is a successful tech startup based in Berlin.
It takes a few minutes for the system to start up properly.
It takes a few minutes for the system to start up properly.
We need to calculate our total startup costs before we launch.
We need to calculate our total startup costs before we launch.
She decided to start up her own consultancy firm last month.
She decided to start up her own consultancy firm last month.
The venture capitalist is looking for high-growth startups to invest in.
The venture capitalist is looking for high-growth startups to invest in.
Whenever the economy improves, people are more likely to start up new ventures.
Whenever the economy improves, people are more likely to start up new ventures.
The startup's valuation tripled after the second round of funding.
The startup's valuation tripled after the second round of funding.
You should check which programs start up automatically when you turn on your PC.
You should check which programs start up automatically when you turn on your PC.
The inherent volatility of the startup ecosystem deters many conservative investors.
The inherent volatility of the startup ecosystem deters many conservative investors.
The government has introduced several initiatives to encourage entrepreneurs to start up in rural areas.
The government has introduced several initiatives to encourage entrepreneurs to start up in rural areas.
The linguistic shift from 'start-up' to 'startup' reflects a broader trend in English toward closed compounds.
The linguistic shift from 'start-up' to 'startup' reflects a broader trend in English toward closed compounds.
The machine will start up once the safety protocols have been fully verified.
The machine will start up once the safety protocols have been fully verified.
The startup's meteoric rise was followed by a precipitous decline, a common narrative in the dot-com era.
The startup's meteoric rise was followed by a precipitous decline, a common narrative in the dot-com era.
To start up a nuclear reactor requires a meticulous adherence to stringent regulatory frameworks.
To start up a nuclear reactor requires a meticulous adherence to stringent regulatory frameworks.
The distinction between a lifestyle business and a scalable startup is often lost on novice entrepreneurs.
The distinction between a lifestyle business and a scalable startup is often lost on novice entrepreneurs.
The software's inability to start up in legacy environments proved to be its Achilles' heel.
The software's inability to start up in legacy environments proved to be its Achilles' heel.
Facile à confondre
Learners often use the noun 'setup' when they mean the action 'set up'.
Similar to startup, 'login' is the noun/adjective and 'log in' is the verb.
Erreurs courantes
I want to startup a car.
I want to start up a car.
He works at a start up.
He works at a startup.
We are starting-up the project.
We are starting up the project.
The start up costs were high.
The startup costs were high.
Structures de phrases
I want to start up a ___.
The ___ startup is looking for ___.
Real World Usage
I've always wanted to work for a fast-growing startup.
My computer won't start up after the update.
Our startup is disrupting the logistics industry.
Just launched my new project! #startup #entrepreneur
The vintage car takes a while to start up.
The latest fintech startup has reached unicorn status.
Si tu as un doute, utilise un seul mot
startup. C'est le choix le plus courant et moderne. I work at a startup.
Le verbe, toujours en deux mots
start up. Écrire I will startup the carest toujours incorrect. "Let's start up the engine."
Pense à 'Workout' vs 'Work Out'
work out (verbe) pour obtenir un bon workout (nom). Tu set up (verbe) le setup (nom). La même logique s'applique à start up vs startup. I need to work out to get a good workout.
Le stéréotype de la 'startup'
startup évoque souvent la technologie, l'innovation, le risque et un environnement de travail décontracté (pense aux sweats à capuche et aux tables de ping-pong). Sois conscient de cette image culturelle quand tu utilises le mot. She loves the startup vibe.
Smart Tips
Always check if you have an article (a/the) before the word. If you do, it's a noun and should be 'startup'.
If you are using it after 'to', it's a verb. Use two words.
Use the closed form 'startup' for hashtags to reach the widest audience.
If your audience is global or tech-focused, 'startup' is the safer, more modern choice.
Prononciation
Noun Stress
In the noun 'startup', the stress is on the first syllable.
Verb Stress
In the phrasal verb 'start up', the stress is often equal or slightly higher on 'up'.
Compound Noun Falling
It's a STARTup. (Falling tone on 'up')
Identifies the word as a single noun.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
A 'start up' has a space because it needs room to move (action). A 'startup' is joined because it's a solid company (noun).
Association visuelle
Imagine a key turning in a car ignition with a gap between the key and the car (start up). Then imagine a building with a 'STARTUP' sign bolted firmly to the front (startup).
Rhyme
If it's an action you want to do, keep the space between the two. If it's a company you want to name, join the words and win the game.
Story
An entrepreneur decided to start up (action) a new venture. She worked day and night until her startup (noun) became the most famous startup (noun) in the city. Every morning, she would start up (action) her computer to check the stocks.
Word Web
Défi
Write three sentences: one using 'start up' as a verb for a machine, one using 'startup' as a noun for a company, and one using 'startup' as an adjective.
Notes culturelles
In the US tech world, 'startup' is almost exclusively one word. Using a hyphen can make you look 'old-fashioned' or out of touch with modern tech culture.
The BBC and The Guardian often still use 'start-up' with a hyphen, following traditional British style guides.
The term 'startup' has been adopted into many languages (like French, German, and Japanese) as a loanword, usually in the closed 'startup' form.
The phrasal verb 'start up' dates back to the 16th century, meaning to rise up suddenly.
Amorces de conversation
Have you ever thought about starting up your own business?
What is the most successful startup in your country?
How long does it take for your computer to start up?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
My brother's new ___ is developing an educational app.
Startup est le nom ; start up est la locution verbale. C'est l'entreprise de ton frère.Choisis la phrase correcte :
Start up est la locution verbale correcte pour l'action de commencer quelque chose. Les autres options utilisent incorrectement la forme nom/adjectif pour un verbe, ou la forme verbe pour un adjectif.Find and fix the mistake:
He works in a cool start up in San Francisco.
Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercisesI am planning to ___ a new non-profit organization.
The ___ failed because it ran out of money.
Find and fix the mistake:
Wait for the machine to startup before you use it.
Match the following:
startup / a / she / works / at / tech / .
You should use a hyphen when 'start up' is a verb.
A: Why is the car making that noise? B: I don't know, it only happens when I ___.
startup, start up, startups, started up
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesBefore we can bake the cake, we need to ___ the oven.
Working for a ___ can be exciting, but also unstable.
Choisis la phrase correcte :
What time does the movie startup?
Arrange ces mots pour former une phrase :
Traduis en anglais : 'Démarrons la voiture et allons-y.'
Associe les formes à leur fonction :
The government offers grants to help people ___ new businesses.
That company has a great start up plan for the next five years.
Quelle phrase utilise la terminologie correctement ?
Arrange ces mots pour former une phrase :
Traduis en anglais : 'Il travaille pour une nouvelle entreprise technologique.'
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No, it is not wrong. It is the preferred spelling in British English and many formal style guides. However, 'startup' (one word) is more common in American English and the tech industry.
Technically, no. While people sometimes do this in very informal speech, in correct grammar, you should use 'start up' (two words) for the action.
The plural is 'startups' (or 'start-ups' if you use the hyphenated version).
In this case, 'startup' is used as an adjective to describe the disk. Adjectives follow the same rule as nouns: they are joined into one word.
'Start up' often implies a more complex process, like starting a machine or a business, whereas 'start' is more general.
Usually, no. 'Startup' is already a compound noun acting as an adjective. Adding a hyphen ('start-up company') is a stylistic choice, common in the UK.
No. The third-person singular verb is 'starts up' (no hyphen).
It began appearing as one word in the 1970s and 80s with the rise of the computer industry, as tech terminology often favors shorter, closed compounds.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Emprender / Empresa emergente
Spanish doesn't use the 'space vs. no space' rule for these terms.
Démarrer / Jeune pousse
French nouns are often hyphenated (start-up) more consistently than in US English.
Gründen / Neugründung
German always capitalizes the noun 'Startup'.
スタートアップ (Sutātoappu)
Japanese doesn't have a direct equivalent to the phrasal verb 'start up' using the same word; they use 'kidō suru' or 'hajimeru'.
شركة ناشئة (Sharika nashi'a)
The structure is completely different (Noun + Adjective).
创业公司 (Chuàngyè gōngsī)
The verb form is 'Kāishǐ' or 'Qi-dòng', which do not share the same characters as the noun.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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