Start-up vs. Startup vs. Start up: 違いは何ですか?
startup は名詞、 start up は動詞の役割です。
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'start up' (two words) as a verb and 'startup' or 'start-up' (one word/hyphenated) as a noun.
- Use 'start up' for actions: 'I want to start up a company.'
- Use 'startup' (US) or 'start-up' (UK) for the business entity: 'She works at a startup.'
- Never hyphenate the verb form: 'He starts-up the car' is always incorrect.
Overview
startup(1語)、start-up(ハイフンあり)、start up(2語)の3つのバリエーションに遭遇し、どれを使うべきか迷ったことはないでしょうか。これらは見た目が非常に似ていますが、文法的な役割は明確に異なり、入れ替えて使うことはできません。この使い分けを間違えると、英語のネイティブスピーカーにとっては「動詞を使うべき場所に名詞が置かれている」といった違和感を生じさせる原因になります。startup と start-up は、名詞または形容詞として「新興企業」や「新規事業」というモノを指します。一方で、スペースを入れた start up は「句動詞(Phrasal Verb)」であり、何かを「開始する」「立ち上げる」という動作を表します。つまり、「start up(動作)」することによって、「a startup(モノ)」が生まれるという関係性です。start-up は、2語の動詞から1語の名詞へと進化する中間段階の形と見なされることが多いです。言葉が広く普及するにつれてハイフンが消え、1語の startup に統合される傾向があります。現在、AP通信(AP Stylebook)などの主要なスタイルガイドでは、1語の startup が標準的な表記として推奨されています。start up(動作を表す)start up は句動詞(Phrasal Verb)です。句動詞とは、基本となる動詞(start)に副詞や前置詞(up)が組み合わさり、一つの新しい意味を作る表現です。この場合、「(機械を)始動させる」「(事業を)立ち上げる」「(活動を)開始する」という意味になります。動詞ですので、時制に合わせて形が変化します。- 現在形:
She starts up her laptop every morning.(彼女は毎朝ノートPCを起動します。) - 過去形:
They started up a small cafe in Kyoto.(彼らは京都で小さなカフェを立ち上げました。) - 現在進行形:
We are starting up a new project.(私たちは新しいプロジェクトを始動させているところです。)
start up は「分離可能な句動詞(Separable Phrasal Verb)」であるという点も重要です。目的語が名詞の場合は、間に挟むことも後ろに置くこともできますが、目的語が代名詞(it など)の場合は、必ず間に挟まなければなりません。- 名詞の場合:
Start up the engine./Start the engine up.(どちらも正解) - 代名詞の場合:
Start it up.(正解) /Start up it.(間違い)
startup / start-up(モノを表す)startup(または start-up)は複合名詞(Compound Noun)です。これは動作の結果として生まれた「組織」や「企業」そのものを指します。文の中では主語や目的語になります。- 主語として:
The startup grew rapidly.(そのスタートアップ企業は急速に成長した。) - 目的語として:
He invested in a promising startup.(彼は有望なスタートアップに投資した。)
a startup、複数の場合は startups とする必要があります。この「冠詞」や「複数形」の意識は、日本語にはない感覚なので注意しましょう。startup / start-up(状態を説明する)startup は、他の名詞の前に置かれることで、その名詞を修飾する形容詞のような役割(名詞の形容詞的用法)も果たします。「スタートアップの〜」「起業時の〜」という意味になります。startup culture(スタートアップ特有の文化)startup costs(初期費用・起業費用)startup phase(立ち上げ段階)
start up | 句動詞 | 動詞 + [スペース] + 副詞 | 「動作」を表す。 2つの単語が独立しており、動詞として機能する。例: I want to start up my own business. |start-up | 名詞 / 形容詞 | 動詞 + [ハイフン] + 副詞 | 「モノ」を表す(伝統的)。 ハイフンで繋ぐことで1つの概念にする。例: It's a successful start-up. |startup | 名詞 / 形容詞 | 1語に統合(Closed) | 「モノ」を表す(現代の標準)。 現在最も一般的に使われる表記。例: The startup ecosystem is booming. |to work out(運動する) | a workout(トレーニング) | I work out every day for my morning workout. |to log in(ログインする) | a login(ログイン情報) | You need to log in with your login ID. |to set up(設定する) | a setup(設定・仕組み) | Let's set up the new computer setup. |to check out(会計する) | a checkout(レジ・会計所) | Please check out at the checkout counter. |startup を使います。She works for a tech startup.(彼女はテック系スタートアップで働いています。)Many startups fail within the first three years.(多くのスタートアップが最初の3年以内に失敗します。)
The startup environment is very different from corporate life.(スタートアップの環境は、大企業の生活とは大きく異なります。)We need to calculate the startup costs.(起業費用を計算する必要があります。)
start up を使います。It takes a lot of energy to start up a new company.(新しい会社を立ち上げるには多大なエネルギーが必要です。)Wait a moment, my computer is starting up.(ちょっと待って、パソコンが起動中なんだ。)
start と start up のニュアンスの違いstart と start up はどう違うのでしょうか?start: 非常に汎用的。「始める」全般に使われます。例:The meeting starts at 10.(会議は10時に始まる。)start up: 「ゼロから何かを構築して動かし始める」、あるいは「停止していたものを稼働させる」というニュアンスが強くなります。機械のエンジンをかける時や、新しい事業をゼロから作り上げる時にupがつくことで、「完全に立ち上がる」という完了や上昇のイメージが加わります。
startup をそのまま動詞として使ってしまうI want to startup a company. と言ってしまうミスです。- 間違い:
I want to startup a company. - 正しい:
I want to start up a company. - 理由:
startupは名詞(モノ)です。toの後ろには動詞の原形が必要なので、2語のstart upを使う必要があります。
start up を名詞の場所で使ってしまう- 間違い:
He works at a start up. - 正しい:
He works at a startup. - 理由:
a(冠詞)の後ろには名詞が来なければなりません。start upは動作なので、「彼は『立ち上げる』の中で働いている」という不自然な意味になってしまいます。
- 間違い:
Please start up it. - 正しい:
Please start it up. - 理由: 英語の句動詞では、目的語が
itやthemなどの代名詞の場合、必ず動詞と副詞の間に挟むという鉄則があります。日本語では「それを(目的語)+起動する(動詞)」という語順なので、itを最後に置いてしまうと非常に不自然に聞こえます。
startup 以外にも、仕事でよく使う「動詞 vs 名詞」のペアを比較表で見てみましょう。これらはすべて同じロジックで動いています。set up (設定する) | setup (設定・構成) | 「セットアップを完了する」は名詞の setup。 |back up (支援・複製する) | backup (予備・控え) | 「データをバックアップする」は動詞の back up。 |follow up (追跡調査する) | follow-up (追跡・継続) | 「フォローアップをお願いします」は名詞の follow-up。 |take out (持ち出す) | takeout (持ち帰り料理) | 「テイクアウトにする」は名詞の takeout。 |startup と start-up、結局どちらを書くのが正解ですか?startup(1語) が圧倒的に主流です。特にこだわりがなければ、1語の startup を使うのが最も現代的でプロフェッショナルな印象を与えます。ただし、イギリス英語や少し保守的な出版物では start-up が好まれることもあります。大切なのは、一つの文書の中で両方を混ぜずに統一することです。s をつけます。Many startups are based in Silicon Valley. のようになります。動詞として使う場合は、主語が3人称単数なら He starts up the business. と動詞の部分に s がつきます。start up と set up は何が違いますか?start up は「(動きを)開始させる、始動させる」という「始まり」に焦点があります。一方、set up は「(仕組みを)構築する、準備を整える」という「組み立て」に焦点があります。会社を設立する場合、組織図や登記などの準備をするのが set up で、実際にビジネスとして稼働させ始めるのが start up というイメージです。startup に関しては、すでに1語の単語として定着しているため、形容詞として使う場合もハイフンなしの startup culture のように書くのが一般的です。Conjugating the Phrasal Verb 'Start up'
| Tense | Subject | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
start up
|
They start up the engine.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
starts up
|
She starts up the app.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
started up
|
We started up the business.
|
|
Present Participle
|
All subjects
|
starting up
|
They are starting up now.
|
|
Past Participle
|
All subjects
|
started up
|
The car has started up.
|
Meanings
The distinction between the action of beginning something (phrasal verb) and the entity or process itself (noun/adjective).
The Business Entity
A newly established business, especially one that is small and innovative.
“The startup raised $2 million in funding.”
“Working for a startup is risky but rewarding.”
The Phrasal Verb (Action)
To begin operating, or to set something in motion.
“Can you start up the lawnmower?”
“They are planning to start up a new branch in Tokyo.”
The Adjective
Relating to the beginning of a business or project.
“We are facing high startup costs this year.”
“The startup phase is the most difficult part.”
Reference Table
| 形 | 品詞 | 主な使い方 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`startup`
|
名詞
|
新しい会社を指す最も一般的な形。
|
She works at a fintech `startup`.
|
|
`startup`
|
形容詞
|
新興企業に関連する性質を表す。
|
He enjoys the fast-paced `startup` environment.
|
|
`start-up`
|
名詞
|
少し古いスタイルですが、今でも正解です。
|
The `start-up` is looking for investors.
|
|
`start-up`
|
形容詞
|
初期費用など、事業に関連する言葉を修飾する。
|
They calculated their initial `start-up` costs.
|
|
`start up`
|
句動詞
|
機械などを始動させるアクション。
|
Let's `start up` the car.
|
|
`start up`
|
句動詞
|
ビジネスを立ち上げるというアクション。
|
They decided to `start up` a company together.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
The founders intend to establish a new enterprise. (Business creation)
They are going to start up a new company. (Business creation)
They're starting up a new biz. (Business creation)
They're launching a new hustle. (Business creation)
Startup vs. Start up
どちらの形を使う?
「動作」(何かを始めること)を説明していますか?
「モノ」(新しい会社)や、その性質について話していますか?
場面別の使い方例
ビジネス
- • Invest in a startup
- • Startup funding
- • Start up a new division
テクノロジー
- • Start up your computer
- • A software startup
- • Start up the simulation
日常生活
- • Start up a conversation
- • Start up the car
- • Start up a game
「Start」の世界
動詞フレーズとして
- start up 始動する/立ち上げる
名詞・形容詞として
- startup 新興企業(モダン)
- start-up 新興企業(従来)
レベル別の例文
I start up the car.
I start up the car.
It is a new startup.
It is a new startup.
We start up the game.
We start up the game.
The startup is small.
The startup is small.
He started up his computer at 9 AM.
He started up his computer at 9 AM.
Do you like working for a startup?
Do you like working for a startup?
They want to start up a small cafe.
They want to start up a small cafe.
Many startups fail in the first year.
Many startups fail in the first year.
The company is a successful tech startup based in Berlin.
The company is a successful tech startup based in Berlin.
It takes a few minutes for the system to start up properly.
It takes a few minutes for the system to start up properly.
We need to calculate our total startup costs before we launch.
We need to calculate our total startup costs before we launch.
She decided to start up her own consultancy firm last month.
She decided to start up her own consultancy firm last month.
The venture capitalist is looking for high-growth startups to invest in.
The venture capitalist is looking for high-growth startups to invest in.
Whenever the economy improves, people are more likely to start up new ventures.
Whenever the economy improves, people are more likely to start up new ventures.
The startup's valuation tripled after the second round of funding.
The startup's valuation tripled after the second round of funding.
You should check which programs start up automatically when you turn on your PC.
You should check which programs start up automatically when you turn on your PC.
The inherent volatility of the startup ecosystem deters many conservative investors.
The inherent volatility of the startup ecosystem deters many conservative investors.
The government has introduced several initiatives to encourage entrepreneurs to start up in rural areas.
The government has introduced several initiatives to encourage entrepreneurs to start up in rural areas.
The linguistic shift from 'start-up' to 'startup' reflects a broader trend in English toward closed compounds.
The linguistic shift from 'start-up' to 'startup' reflects a broader trend in English toward closed compounds.
The machine will start up once the safety protocols have been fully verified.
The machine will start up once the safety protocols have been fully verified.
The startup's meteoric rise was followed by a precipitous decline, a common narrative in the dot-com era.
The startup's meteoric rise was followed by a precipitous decline, a common narrative in the dot-com era.
To start up a nuclear reactor requires a meticulous adherence to stringent regulatory frameworks.
To start up a nuclear reactor requires a meticulous adherence to stringent regulatory frameworks.
The distinction between a lifestyle business and a scalable startup is often lost on novice entrepreneurs.
The distinction between a lifestyle business and a scalable startup is often lost on novice entrepreneurs.
The software's inability to start up in legacy environments proved to be its Achilles' heel.
The software's inability to start up in legacy environments proved to be its Achilles' heel.
間違えやすい
Learners often use the noun 'setup' when they mean the action 'set up'.
Similar to startup, 'login' is the noun/adjective and 'log in' is the verb.
よくある間違い
I want to startup a car.
I want to start up a car.
He works at a start up.
He works at a startup.
We are starting-up the project.
We are starting up the project.
The start up costs were high.
The startup costs were high.
文型パターン
I want to start up a ___.
The ___ startup is looking for ___.
Real World Usage
I've always wanted to work for a fast-growing startup.
My computer won't start up after the update.
Our startup is disrupting the logistics industry.
Just launched my new project! #startup #entrepreneur
The vintage car takes a while to start up.
The latest fintech startup has reached unicorn status.
迷ったら1単語の startup
Use startup for the company.
動詞は絶対に2単語!
I will start up the engine.
Workout と同じルール
I had a great workout after I work out.
Startup のイメージ
The startup vibe is very casual.
Smart Tips
Always check if you have an article (a/the) before the word. If you do, it's a noun and should be 'startup'.
If you are using it after 'to', it's a verb. Use two words.
Use the closed form 'startup' for hashtags to reach the widest audience.
If your audience is global or tech-focused, 'startup' is the safer, more modern choice.
発音
Noun Stress
In the noun 'startup', the stress is on the first syllable.
Verb Stress
In the phrasal verb 'start up', the stress is often equal or slightly higher on 'up'.
Compound Noun Falling
It's a STARTup. (Falling tone on 'up')
Identifies the word as a single noun.
暗記しよう
記憶術
A 'start up' has a space because it needs room to move (action). A 'startup' is joined because it's a solid company (noun).
視覚的連想
Imagine a key turning in a car ignition with a gap between the key and the car (start up). Then imagine a building with a 'STARTUP' sign bolted firmly to the front (startup).
Rhyme
If it's an action you want to do, keep the space between the two. If it's a company you want to name, join the words and win the game.
Story
An entrepreneur decided to start up (action) a new venture. She worked day and night until her startup (noun) became the most famous startup (noun) in the city. Every morning, she would start up (action) her computer to check the stocks.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences: one using 'start up' as a verb for a machine, one using 'startup' as a noun for a company, and one using 'startup' as an adjective.
文化メモ
In the US tech world, 'startup' is almost exclusively one word. Using a hyphen can make you look 'old-fashioned' or out of touch with modern tech culture.
The BBC and The Guardian often still use 'start-up' with a hyphen, following traditional British style guides.
The term 'startup' has been adopted into many languages (like French, German, and Japanese) as a loanword, usually in the closed 'startup' form.
The phrasal verb 'start up' dates back to the 16th century, meaning to rise up suddenly.
会話のきっかけ
Have you ever thought about starting up your own business?
What is the most successful startup in your country?
How long does it take for your computer to start up?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
My brother's new ___ is developing an educational app.
startup が正解です。Choose the correct sentence:
start up が正しく使われています。Find and fix the mistake:
He works in a cool start up in San Francisco.
startup に直す必要があります。Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesI am planning to ___ a new non-profit organization.
The ___ failed because it ran out of money.
Find and fix the mistake:
Wait for the machine to startup before you use it.
Match the following:
startup / a / she / works / at / tech / .
You should use a hyphen when 'start up' is a verb.
A: Why is the car making that noise? B: I don't know, it only happens when I ___.
startup, start up, startups, started up
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesBefore we can bake the cake, we need to ___ the oven.
Working for a ___ can be exciting, but also unstable.
正しい文を選んでください:
What time does the movie startup?
単語を並べ替えて文を作ってください:
「車を出して(エンジンをかけて)行こう」を英語にしてください。
形と役割を一致させてください:
The government offers grants to help people ___ new businesses.
That company has a great start up plan for the next five years.
正しい文はどれ?
文を組み立ててください:
「彼は新しいテクノロジー企業で働いています」を startup を使って訳してください。
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, it is not wrong. It is the preferred spelling in British English and many formal style guides. However, 'startup' (one word) is more common in American English and the tech industry.
Technically, no. While people sometimes do this in very informal speech, in correct grammar, you should use 'start up' (two words) for the action.
The plural is 'startups' (or 'start-ups' if you use the hyphenated version).
In this case, 'startup' is used as an adjective to describe the disk. Adjectives follow the same rule as nouns: they are joined into one word.
'Start up' often implies a more complex process, like starting a machine or a business, whereas 'start' is more general.
Usually, no. 'Startup' is already a compound noun acting as an adjective. Adding a hyphen ('start-up company') is a stylistic choice, common in the UK.
No. The third-person singular verb is 'starts up' (no hyphen).
It began appearing as one word in the 1970s and 80s with the rise of the computer industry, as tech terminology often favors shorter, closed compounds.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Emprender / Empresa emergente
Spanish doesn't use the 'space vs. no space' rule for these terms.
Démarrer / Jeune pousse
French nouns are often hyphenated (start-up) more consistently than in US English.
Gründen / Neugründung
German always capitalizes the noun 'Startup'.
スタートアップ (Sutātoappu)
Japanese doesn't have a direct equivalent to the phrasal verb 'start up' using the same word; they use 'kidō suru' or 'hajimeru'.
شركة ناشئة (Sharika nashi'a)
The structure is completely different (Noun + Adjective).
创业公司 (Chuàngyè gōngsī)
The verb form is 'Kāishǐ' or 'Qi-dòng', which do not share the same characters as the noun.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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