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A1 noun 9 min de lecture

خیار

khiyar
Exemples Notes et astuces خیار en 30 secondes
Explication خیار in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'Khiyar' is one of the first food words you will learn. It simply means 'cucumber'. You use it to describe what you see on a dinner table or what you want to buy at the store. At this stage, you should focus on the basic pronunciation and the fact that it is a common snack in Iran. You might use it in simple sentences like 'This is a cucumber' or 'I like cucumbers'. It is a fundamental building block for talking about food and basic needs. You will mostly encounter it in the singular form, even when referring to several cucumbers in a general sense, which is a helpful shortcut for beginners.
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'Khiyar' in more complex social interactions. You might talk about making a simple salad or describe the taste of the cucumber (e.g., 'taze' for fresh or 'talkh' for bitter). You will learn to use it with quantities and prices, such as 'one kilo of cucumbers'. You also start to see the word in compound forms like 'Khiyar-shur' (pickle), which is essential for ordering food like sandwiches. At this level, you should be comfortable using the word in the context of a marketplace or a family meal, and you should know the plural form 'Khiyar-ha' even if you don't use it as often as the singular.
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At the B1 level, you can use 'Khiyar' to describe recipes and cultural habits. You might explain how to make 'Salad Shirazi' or 'Mast-o-Khiyar', using verbs like 'khord kardan' (to chop) and 'pust kandan' (to peel). You also become aware of the 'hot and cold' (Garm o Sard) nature of foods in Iranian culture, where cucumber is considered a 'cold' food that is good for hot weather but should be balanced with 'warm' foods like walnuts. Your sentences become more descriptive, and you can handle conversations about healthy eating and traditional Iranian food philosophy where the cucumber plays a central role.
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At the B2 level, you should be able to understand more nuanced uses of the word. You might encounter it in literature or more detailed culinary discussions about different varieties like 'Khiyar-chambar'. You can discuss the agricultural aspects of cucumber production in Iran, such as the famous cucumbers of Varamin. At this stage, you might also be introduced to the legal homonym 'Khiyar' (option/right to rescind) in a general sense, perhaps in a news article about a business dispute or a basic legal text. You can distinguish between the fruit and the legal concept based on context without hesitation.
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At the C1 level, you explore the technical and legal depths of the word. You will study 'Khiyar' as a fundamental concept in Iranian Civil Law and Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). You will learn about various types of legal 'options' like 'Khiyar-e Ayb' (option due to defect) or 'Khiyar-e Ghabn' (option due to gross inadequacy of price). You can engage in complex discussions or write essays about contract law where this word appears frequently. Your understanding of the word is now multi-dimensional, spanning from the most common household item to the most complex legal structures of the country.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of the word 'Khiyar' in all its forms. You can interpret classical legal texts where the nuances of different 'options' are debated by scholars. You understand the historical etymology and how the word evolved in the Persian language. You can use the word in high-level academic, legal, or literary contexts with the same ease as a native speaker. Whether you are analyzing a 13th-century poem that might use the cucumber as a metaphor for freshness or reading a modern Supreme Court ruling on the 'Khiyar of Delay', your comprehension is total and effortless.
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Exemples Notes et astuces

خیار en 30 secondes

  • Khiyar means cucumber and is a staple food in Iran, often eaten as a fruit.
  • The word is also a legal term meaning 'option' or 'right to cancel a contract'.
  • It is the key ingredient in Salad Shirazi and the yogurt dip Mast-o-Khiyar.
  • Persian cucumbers are smaller and crunchier than Western varieties.

The Persian word خیار (Khiyar) primarily refers to the cucumber, a staple in Iranian cuisine and daily life. Unlike in many Western cultures where cucumbers are strictly viewed as vegetables for salads or pickling, in Iran, the cucumber is fundamentally treated as a fruit. It is common to see a bowl of cucumbers served alongside apples, oranges, and pomegranates during social gatherings or as a refreshing snack for guests. This cultural nuance is vital for learners to understand because it dictates the context of the word's usage; you will hear it mentioned in fruit shops, at tea parties, and in traditional breakfast settings where it is paired with feta cheese and walnuts.

Botanical Classification
In the Persian language, the cucumber belongs to the family of gourds, but its linguistic role is most prominent in the culinary domain of refreshing, water-rich produce. It is appreciated for its cooling properties, especially during the hot Iranian summers.

مادرم برای مهمان‌ها خیار و میوه آورد. (My mother brought cucumbers and fruit for the guests.)

Furthermore, the word Khiyar extends into the legal and formal realm, particularly in the context of Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian civil law. In this specialized context, it means 'option' or 'the right to rescind a contract.' This duality makes the word fascinating: it can represent a humble garden vegetable or a complex legal right. For a beginner, the focus remains on the food, but as one advances, the legal 'Khiyar' becomes a cornerstone of business Persian. Whether you are ordering a salad Shirazi or discussing the terms of a house purchase, this word is indispensable.

Culinary Varieties
Persian cucumbers are typically smaller, thinner-skinned, and seedless compared to the large 'English' cucumbers found in Western supermarkets. They are known for being exceptionally crunchy and fragrant.

این خیار خیلی ترد و تازه است. (This cucumber is very crunchy and fresh.)

In everyday conversation, the word is also used in compound forms like 'Khiyar-shur' (pickled cucumber), which is an essential accompaniment to sandwiches and traditional dishes like Kotlet. The versatility of the word reflects the versatility of the item itself in the Iranian lifestyle, bridging the gap between a simple snack and a complex legal concept.

Using the word خیار in a sentence requires an understanding of its role as a countable noun in the culinary context. In Persian, pluralization is often achieved by adding 'ha' (ها), so 'cucumbers' becomes 'Khiyar-ha'. However, when specifying a quantity, the singular form is maintained, such as 'do ta khiyar' (two cucumbers). This is a common rule in Persian grammar that applies to most nouns but is particularly relevant when shopping at a fruit stall or 'miveh-forushi'.

Shopping Context
When at a bazaar, you might ask: 'Kilo-yi chand ast in khiyar-ha?' (How much per kilo are these cucumbers?). The word acts as the subject or object depending on the verb, typically 'khordan' (to eat), 'kharidan' (to buy), or 'pust kandan' (to peel).

لطفاً دو کیلو خیار به من بدهید. (Please give me two kilograms of cucumbers.)

In more descriptive settings, you will use adjectives to qualify the cucumber. Common descriptors include 'taze' (fresh), 'talkh' (bitter), 'namaki' (salty - often used when eating them with salt), and 'kuchak' (small). For instance, 'Khiyar-e talkh' refers to a cucumber that has a bitter taste, usually at the stem end, which is a common complaint among Persian speakers. There is even a cultural habit of rubbing the cut end of a bitter cucumber against the body of the fruit to supposedly remove the bitterness.

من همیشه خیار را با نمک می‌خورم. (I always eat cucumber with salt.)

For advanced learners, using 'Khiyar' in the legal sense involves verbs like 'dashtan' (to have) or 'saqet kardan' (to waive). For example, 'Khiyar-e faskh' (the option to cancel) is a phrase used in contracts. This demonstrates how the word transitions from a simple noun in a kitchen to a powerful legal instrument in a courtroom. Understanding these different sentence patterns ensures that the learner can navigate both the supermarket and the law office with the same vocabulary root.

The most common place to hear the word خیار is in the vibrant atmosphere of a traditional Iranian fruit and vegetable market, known as the 'Miveh-forushi'. Vendors often shout out the quality and price of their produce to attract customers. You will hear phrases like 'Khiyar-e taze-ye Varamin!' (Fresh cucumbers from Varamin!), referring to the famous agricultural region near Tehran known for its high-quality produce. The auditory landscape of an Iranian morning often includes the clinking of scales and the mention of this word as households stock up for the day.

Social Gatherings
In an Iranian home, the host will almost certainly offer you 'Khiyar'. You will hear: 'Befarma-id khiyar mil konid' (Please help yourself to a cucumber). It is a sign of hospitality and a staple of the 'Miveh' (fruit) course that follows a meal or accompanies tea.

توی سالاد شیرازی حتماً باید خیار باشد. (There must definitely be cucumber in Salad Shirazi.)

Another frequent setting is the kitchen during the preparation of 'Salad Shirazi', arguably Iran's most famous salad consisting of finely diced cucumbers, tomatoes, and onions. You will hear instructions like 'Khiyar-ha-ra negini khord kon' (Dice the cucumbers like jewels/small cubes). The word is also heard in the context of 'Mast-o-Khiyar', a popular yogurt and cucumber dip flavored with dried mint and sometimes raisins or walnuts. This dish is a standard side at many dinner tables, making the word a constant presence in culinary discussions.

این ساندویچ خیارشور زیادی دارد. (This sandwich has too many pickles.)

Finally, in more formal or educational settings, such as a law lecture or a business negotiation, the word 'Khiyar' appears in its legal sense. While the pronunciation is the same, the context of 'contracts' and 'rights' will signal that the speaker is not talking about the vegetable. Hearing 'Khiyar-e Majlis' in a legal discussion refers to the right of parties to cancel a deal as long as they haven't left the meeting. This versatility makes it a word that spans from the earth of the farm to the mahogany of the law office.

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers learning Persian is the classification of خیار. In English, we categorize cucumbers as vegetables. However, in an Iranian linguistic and cultural context, if you refer to a cucumber as a 'Sabzijat' (vegetable) in a casual setting, people might find it slightly odd. While botanically correct, it is socially a 'Miveh' (fruit). Beginners often make the mistake of not looking for cucumbers in the fruit section of a menu or a grocery store.

Pronunciation Pitfalls
The 'Kh' sound (خ) is a voiceless velar fricative, similar to the 'ch' in 'Bach' or the 'j' in Spanish 'Jose'. English speakers often substitute it with a hard 'K' sound, pronouncing it 'Kiyar'. This is incorrect and can sometimes lead to confusion. Proper friction in the throat is necessary for the correct pronunciation of 'Khiyar'.

اشتباه: من کیار دوست دارم. (Incorrect: I like 'kiyar'.)

Another mistake involves the legal homonym. Students who reach an intermediate level might encounter 'Khiyar' in a text about law and assume it is a metaphor related to cucumbers. It is not a metaphor; it is a completely separate legal term derived from the Arabic root meaning 'choice' or 'option'. Confusing the two in a formal document would be a significant error. Additionally, learners often forget the 'ra' marker when 'Khiyar' is the specific object of a sentence, leading to grammatically incomplete thoughts like 'Khiyar bokhor' instead of 'Khiyar-ra bokhor' when referring to a specific cucumber.

درست: من کمی خیار خوردم. (Correct: I ate some cucumber.)

Lastly, avoid using 'Khiyar' to mean 'cool' as in the English slang 'cool as a cucumber'. While the concept of cucumbers being cooling exists in Iran (Tab-e sard), the specific English idiom does not translate literally. Using 'Khiyar' to describe a person's temperament might just result in confused looks unless you are specifically discussing traditional medicine (Tebb-e Sonnati) and how cucumbers affect one's internal balance.

While خیار is the standard word for cucumber, there are related terms and varieties that a learner should know to enrich their vocabulary. For instance, 'Khiyar-chambar' refers to the Armenian cucumber or snake cucumber, which is longer, more curved, and has a slightly different texture. It is often used in traditional stews or eaten raw. Knowing the difference between a standard 'Khiyar' and a 'Khiyar-chambar' shows a high level of cultural and culinary fluency.

Khiyar vs. Kadu
Learners sometimes confuse 'Khiyar' with 'Kadu' (zucchini/squash) because they can look similar when sliced. However, 'Kadu' is almost always cooked in Iranian cuisine (like in Kadu-polow), whereas 'Khiyar' is almost always eaten raw or pickled.

من خیار را به کدو ترجیح می‌دهم. (I prefer cucumber to zucchini.)

In terms of alternatives in recipes, if a recipe calls for cucumber and you don't have it, there isn't a direct substitute that provides the same crunch and water content in Persian dishes like Salad Shirazi. However, in the context of 'cooling' foods, one might mention 'Kahu' (lettuce) or 'Hendevaneh' (watermelon), as they share the 'Sard' (cold) temperament in traditional Iranian food philosophy. In the legal sense, 'Khiyar' (option) can be compared to 'Haq' (right) or 'Ekhtiyar' (authority/choice). While 'Ekhtiyar' is a more general word for having the power to choose, 'Khiyar' is the specific technical term used in contract law.

آیا این خیار گلخانه‌ای است؟ (Is this a greenhouse cucumber?)

Another term to be aware of is 'Khiyar-e daryayi' (sea cucumber). Although not a common part of the Persian diet, the term exists in biological contexts. By understanding these variations—from the garden variety to the legal 'option' and the botanical 'snake cucumber'—a learner can master the breadth of this seemingly simple word.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The legal meaning of 'Khiyar' (option) comes from the Arabic root 'kh-y-r' meaning 'good' or 'choice', which is a completely different root from the vegetable, even though they are spelled and pronounced the same in Persian.

Guide de prononciation

UK /xiːˈjɑːr/
US /xiˈjɑr/
The stress is on the second syllable: khi-YAR.
Rime avec
Bahar (Spring) Nahar (Lunch) Sal-khord (Aged - partial) Bidar (Awake) Divar (Wall) Savar (Rider) Ghatar (Train) Shalvar (Pants)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing the 'kh' as a hard 'k' (Kiyar).
  • Making the 'r' too heavy like an American 'r'.
  • Shortening the 'i' sound too much.
  • Missing the 'y' glide between the 'i' and 'a'.
  • Confusing it with the word 'khayyar' (charitable).

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Easy to recognize, but watch out for the legal homonym in advanced texts.

Écriture 3/5

Simple spelling with common letters.

Expression orale 4/5

The 'Kh' sound can be tricky for English natives.

Écoute 2/5

Very distinct sound in everyday conversation.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

سیب (Apple) گوجه (Tomato) خوردن (To eat) سبز (Green) میوه (Fruit)

Apprends ensuite

پیاز (Onion) نمک (Salt) سالاد (Salad) خریدن (To buy) تازه (Fresh)

Avancé

فسخ (Rescission) معامله (Transaction) غبن (Lesion) عیب (Defect) ثمن (Price)

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction

خیارِ تازه (Fresh cucumber)

Pluralization with 'ha'

خیارها (Cucumbers)

Object marker 'ra'

خیار را بخور (Eat the cucumber)

Compound Nouns

خیارشور (Pickle)

Counting Nouns

پنج خیار (Five cucumbers - note singular noun)

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Exemples par niveau

1

این یک خیار است.

This is a cucumber.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

2

من خیار دوست دارم.

I like cucumbers.

Direct object without 'ra' because it is general.

3

خیار سبز است.

The cucumber is green.

Adjective following the noun.

4

یک خیار بده.

Give (me) one cucumber.

Imperative mood.

5

خیار کجاست؟

Where is the cucumber?

Interrogative sentence.

6

او خیار می‌خورد.

He/She is eating a cucumber.

Present continuous/habitual tense.

7

ما خیار داریم.

We have cucumbers.

Verb 'dashtan' (to have).

8

خیار تازه است.

The cucumber is fresh.

Descriptive sentence.

1

من دو کیلو خیار خریدم.

I bought two kilos of cucumbers.

Quantity precedes the noun.

2

این خیار خیلی ترد است.

This cucumber is very crunchy.

Use of intensifier 'khayli'.

3

خیارها را بشور.

Wash the cucumbers.

Plural with 'ra' for specific objects.

4

خیارشور توی ساندویچ هست.

There is pickle in the sandwich.

Compound noun 'Khiyar-shur'.

5

من خیار را پوست کندم.

I peeled the cucumber.

Past tense of 'pust kandan'.

6

آیا خیار میل دارید؟

Would you like some cucumber?

Polite form of 'to eat'.

7

خیار برای پوست خوب است.

Cucumber is good for the skin.

Prepositional phrase.

8

این خیار کمی تلخ است.

This cucumber is a bit bitter.

Adjective 'talkh'.

1

برای درست کردن سالاد شیرازی، باید خیار را نگینی خرد کنید.

To make Salad Shirazi, you must dice the cucumber into small cubes.

Infinitive and modal verb 'bayad'.

2

ماست و خیار یک پیش‌غذای محبوب ایرانی است.

Mast-o-Khiyar is a popular Iranian appetizer.

Compound subject.

3

در تابستان، خوردن خیار باعث خنک شدن بدن می‌شود.

In summer, eating cucumber causes the body to cool down.

Gerund as a subject.

4

او همیشه خیار را با نمک فراوان می‌خورد.

He always eats cucumber with plenty of salt.

Adverbial phrase.

5

خیارهای ورامین در تمام ایران معروف هستند.

The cucumbers of Varamin are famous all over Iran.

Genitive construction (Ezafe).

6

مادرم خیارها را برای ترشی درست کردن آماده کرد.

My mother prepared the cucumbers for making pickles.

Purpose clause.

7

اگر خیار تلخ باشد، آن را دور می‌اندازم.

If the cucumber is bitter, I will throw it away.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

8

خیار یکی از اجزای اصلی سفره میوه در مهمانی‌هاست.

Cucumber is one of the main components of the fruit spread at parties.

Superlative/Partitive structure.

1

کشاورزان امسال محصول خیار خوبی برداشت کردند.

Farmers harvested a good cucumber crop this year.

Complex noun phrase.

2

خیار چنبر ظاهری متفاوت نسبت به خیار معمولی دارد.

The snake cucumber has a different appearance compared to the regular cucumber.

Comparative structure.

3

قیمت خیار به دلیل خشکسالی افزایش یافته است.

The price of cucumbers has increased due to the drought.

Present perfect tense.

4

در طب سنتی، خیار دارای طبع سرد و تر است.

In traditional medicine, cucumber has a cold and moist nature.

Technical terminology.

5

بسیاری از لوازم آرایشی از عصاره خیار تولید می‌شوند.

Many cosmetics are produced from cucumber extract.

Passive voice.

6

او در قرارداد، خیار فسخ را برای خود محفوظ داشت.

He reserved the option to rescind in the contract.

Legal usage of 'Khiyar'.

7

کاشت خیار در گلخانه‌ها در تمام فصول امکان‌پذیر است.

Planting cucumbers in greenhouses is possible in all seasons.

Abstract noun as subject.

8

خیارشورهای خانگی معمولاً خوشمزه‌تر از انواع صنعتی هستند.

Homemade pickles are usually tastier than industrial types.

Comparative adjective.

1

خیار مجلس به طرفین معامله اجازه می‌دهد تا زمانی که از هم جدا نشده‌اند، قرارداد را فسخ کنند.

The 'option of the session' allows the parties to a transaction to rescind the contract as long as they have not separated.

Specialized legal terminology.

2

در فقه اسلامی، خیار غبن زمانی مطرح می‌شود که یکی از طرفین دچار ضرر فاحش شده باشد.

In Islamic jurisprudence, the 'option of lesion' is raised when one of the parties has suffered a gross loss.

Subjunctive mood in complex legal context.

3

اسقاط کافه خیارات معمولاً در قراردادهای خرید و فروش ملک ذکر می‌شود.

The waiver of all options is usually mentioned in real estate sales contracts.

Formal legal phraseology.

4

خیار عیب به خریدار این حق را می‌دهد که در صورت وجود نقص در کالا، آن را پس بدهد.

The 'option of defect' gives the buyer the right to return the goods if there is a flaw.

Noun clause as object.

5

تنوع زیستی خیار در مناطق مختلف ایران مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است.

The biodiversity of cucumbers in different regions of Iran has been studied.

Academic passive construction.

6

تحلیل فقهی خیار شرط نیازمند بررسی دقیق متون حقوقی است.

The jurisprudential analysis of the 'option of condition' requires a careful review of legal texts.

Gerundial phrase.

7

او با استفاده از خیار تدیلس، معامله را باطل کرد.

He invalidated the transaction by using the 'option of fraud'.

Instrumental prepositional phrase.

8

صادرات خیار گلخانه‌ای ارزآوری قابل توجهی برای کشور دارد.

The export of greenhouse cucumbers brings significant foreign exchange to the country.

Economic terminology.

1

مبنای مشروعیت خیارات در حقوق مدنی ایران، ریشه در قواعد لاضرر دارد.

The basis for the legitimacy of options in Iranian civil law is rooted in the 'no-harm' rules.

High-level legal theory.

2

بررسی تطبیقی خیار فسخ در حقوق ایران و کنوانسیون بیع بین‌المللی کالا حائز اهمیت است.

A comparative study of the option to rescind in Iranian law and the CISG is of significance.

Academic comparative structure.

3

خیار رویت و تخلف وصف در مواردی کاربرد دارد که مورد معامله مشاهده نشده باشد.

The 'option of inspection and breach of description' applies in cases where the object of the transaction has not been seen.

Complex conditional legal rule.

4

ماهیت حقوقی خیار، یک حق است یا یک حکم؟ این پرسشی بنیادین در فقه است.

Is the legal nature of 'Khiyar' a right or a decree? This is a fundamental question in jurisprudence.

Philosophical inquiry.

5

اعمال فوری خیار عیب پس از اطلاع از نقص، از شروط صحت آن است.

The immediate exercise of the option of defect after learning of the flaw is one of the conditions for its validity.

Temporal constraint in law.

6

در متون کلاسیک، گاه از لطافت پوست به خیار تازه تشبیه شده است.

In classical texts, the softness of skin is sometimes likened to a fresh cucumber.

Literary metaphor.

7

نظریه عمومی خیارات به تبیین اصول مشترک انواع گزینه‌های فسخ می‌پردازد.

The general theory of options explains the common principles of various types of rescission options.

Theoretical framework.

8

خیار تأخیر ثمن در صورتی ایجاد می‌شود که خریدار در پرداخت ثمن کوتاهی کند.

The 'option of delay in payment' arises if the buyer fails to pay the price.

Complex legal condition.

Collocations courantes

خیار تازه
سالاد خیار
خیار شور
پوست خیار
خیار تلخ
خیار مجلس
خیار غبن
یک کیلو خیار
تخم خیار
خیار گلخانه‌ای

Phrases Courantes

خیار چنبر

— A specific type of long, curved cucumber.

خیار چنبر برای این غذا بهتر است.

ماست و خیار

— A famous Persian yogurt and cucumber dip.

شام فقط ماست و خیار خوردیم.

خیارشور خانگی

— Homemade pickled cucumbers.

خیارشور خانگی نمک کمتری دارد.

خیار قلمی

— Thin, pencil-like cucumbers, highly prized for quality.

این خیارهای قلمی خیلی خوش‌طعم هستند.

بوی خیار

— The fresh scent of a cut cucumber.

خانه بوی خیار تازه می‌دهد.

خیار رسمی

— Standard garden-grown cucumbers (as opposed to greenhouse).

خیار رسمی عطر بیشتری دارد.

آب خیار

— Cucumber juice, often used in beauty or health drinks.

آب خیار برای آبرسانی پوست عالی است.

خیار با نمک

— The traditional way of eating cucumber in Iran.

بچه‌ها خیار با نمک دوست دارند.

دسته خیار

— A bunch or group of cucumbers.

یک دسته خیار از باغ چیدم.

خیار درختی

— Greenhouse cucumbers that grow on tall vines.

خیار درختی دانه‌های کمتری دارد.

Expressions idiomatiques

"مثل خیار"

— Used to describe something very fresh or sometimes someone very relaxed, though less common than English.

صورتش مثل خیار تازه است.

Informal
"خیار بار کردن"

— A slangy, somewhat rude way to say someone is talking nonsense or lying (very rare/regional).

داره خیار بار می‌کنه.

Slang
"خیار هم حساب نکردن"

— To not value someone at all; to treat them as worthless.

او مرا خیار هم حساب نکرد.

Informal
"خیار به دهان تلخ شدن"

— To have an experience ruined.

سفر به دهانم مثل خیار تلخ شد.

Literary
"خیار فسخ"

— The legal right to cancel a deal.

او از خیار فسخ استفاده کرد.

Formal/Legal
"خیار شرط"

— A condition in a contract allowing cancellation.

در قولنامه خیار شرط نوشتیم.

Legal
"خیار عیب"

— The right to return something because it is broken.

به خاطر شکستگی، خیار عیب دارم.

Legal
"خیار حیوان"

— A specific legal option in livestock trading (3 days to return).

در معامله اسب، خیار حیوان وجود دارد.

Specialized Legal
"خیار رویت"

— The right to cancel after actually seeing the item.

بعد از دیدن ماشین، از خیار رویت استفاده کرد.

Legal
"خیار مجلس"

— The right to cancel before leaving the place of the deal.

تا اینجا هستیم خیار مجلس داریم.

Legal

Structures de phrases

A1

من [اسم] دوست دارم.

من خیار دوست دارم.

A2

لطفاً [عدد] کیلو [اسم] بدهید.

لطفاً دو کیلو خیار بدهید.

B1

برای [فعل]، باید [اسم] را [فعل].

برای درست کردن سالاد، باید خیار را خرد کنید.

B2

اگر [اسم] [صفت] باشد، [نتیجه].

Famille de mots

Noms

خیارشور (Pickle)
خیارخانه (Greenhouse for cucumbers)
خیارکار (Cucumber farmer)

Verbes

خیار کاشتن (To plant cucumbers)

Adjectifs

خیاری (Cucumber-like/striped pattern)

Apparenté

گوجه (Tomato)
سبزی (Vegetable)
میوه (Fruit)
فسخ (Cancellation)
قرارداد (Contract)
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Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Key' (Khi) that opens a 'Yard' (yar) full of cucumbers. Or remember that 'Khiyar' sounds like 'Care' - you should 'care' for your health by eating cucumbers.

Association visuelle

Imagine a bright green cucumber wearing a judge's wig to remember both the vegetable and the legal 'option' meaning.

Word Web

Salad Shirazi Pickle Green Crunchy Law Contract Summer Salt

Défi

Try to go to an Iranian grocery store and ask for 'nim kilo khiyar' without using any English.

Origine du mot

The word 'Khiyar' has roots in Middle Persian and is shared across several Iranian and neighboring languages. It has been used for centuries to describe the fruit.

Sens originel : Cucumber / Gourd.

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian).

Contexte culturel

No major sensitivities, but be aware of the 'Khiyar' vs 'Khayyar' (charitable) distinction in formal writing.

English speakers find it strange to eat cucumbers as fruit or with salt, but in Iran, this is the norm.

Salad Shirazi (The national salad) Mast-o-Khiyar (The national dip) Civil Code of Iran (Sections on Khiyarat)

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At a Fruit Shop

  • خیار کیلوئی چند است؟
  • یک کیلو خیار بدهید.
  • این خیارها تازه هستند؟
  • خیار قلمی دارید؟

At a Dinner Party

  • بفرمایید خیار.
  • خیار را پوست بکنم؟
  • خیار با نمک می‌خورید؟
  • ماست و خیار عالی است.

In a Kitchen

  • خیارها را خرد کن.
  • پوست خیار را بگیر.
  • خیارشورها کجاست؟
  • سالاد خیار درست کنیم.

In a Legal Office

  • خیار فسخ در قرارداد ذکر شده.
  • آیا خیار عیب داریم؟
  • اسقاط کافه خیارات.
  • خیار غبن فاحش.

Talking about Health

  • خیار طبع سردی دارد.
  • برای پوست خیار بگذار.
  • آب خیار بنوش.
  • خیار برای عطش خوب است.

Amorces de conversation

"آیا شما خیار را با نمک می‌خورید یا بدون نمک؟"

"به نظر شما بهترین خیار مال کدام شهر ایران است؟"

"چگونه یک ماست و خیار خوشمزه درست می‌کنید؟"

"آیا می‌دانستید خیار در ایران یک میوه محسوب می‌شود؟"

"در قراردادهای شما، معمولاً خیار فسخ وجود دارد؟"

Sujets d'écriture

امروز به بازار رفتم و میوه‌های مختلفی از جمله خیار خریدم. شرح دهید.

درباره تفاوت‌های فرهنگی خوردن خیار در ایران و کشور خودتان بنویسید.

یک دستور پخت برای سالاد شیرازی با جزئیات بنویسید.

اگر یک وکیل بودید، چگونه مفهوم خیار را برای موکل خود توضیح می‌دادید؟

خاطره‌ای از یک مهمانی ایرانی و میوه‌هایی که سرو شد بنویسید.

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Contenu associé

Ce mot dans d'autres langues

خيار 阿拉伯语
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