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A2 noun #8,800 le plus courant 10 min de lecture

پسرعمه

Q: What is the formal word for Pesaramme?

The formal term is 'Ammezāde' (عمهزاده), but 'Pesar-e Amme' is also perfectly formal.

pesar'amme Top 8,800

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces پسرعمه en 30 secondes

Explication پسرعمه in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'پسرعمه' means a male cousin from your father's side. You should be able to say 'This is my پسرعمه' (In pesaramme-ye man ast). At this stage, don't worry too much about the complex family tree; just remember that Persian has different words for different cousins. Think of it as a label for a specific person in your family. You will mostly use it in simple introductions. For example, if you are showing a photo of your family, you can point to a boy and say 'Pesaramme'. It is a compound word: Pesar (boy/son) + Amme (father's sister). Even at this beginner level, using the correct word instead of just 'cousin' will make your Persian sound much more natural and impressive to native speakers.

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At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'پسرعمه' in simple sentences with adjectives and possessives. You can describe him: 'My پسرعمه is tall' (Pesaramme-ye man ghad-boland ast). You should also be able to ask questions about someone else's cousin: 'Where does your پسرعمه live?' (Pesaramme-ye to kojā zendegi mikonad?). At this level, you start to see the 'ezafe' (the link sound) more clearly. You also learn that in spoken Persian, 'pesaramme-ye man' becomes 'pesaramme-m'. This is a key step in moving from textbook Persian to real-world conversation. You might also use it when talking about simple activities, like going to the park or playing football with your cousin.

By B1, you can use 'پسرعمه' to tell stories and describe relationships. You might talk about a memory from your childhood involving your paternal aunt's son. You can use different tenses, such as the past continuous: 'I was playing with my پسرعمه when it started to rain' (Dāshtam bā pesaramme-am bāzi mikardam ke bārān gereft). You also understand the cultural context better—that in Iran, a 'پسرعمه' is often a very close friend. You can compare your different cousins using this specific vocabulary. You should also be comfortable using the word in the context of family gatherings and explaining who is who to a third party without getting confused between the paternal and maternal sides.

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At the B2 level, you can use 'پسرعمه' in more abstract and complex discussions. You might discuss family dynamics, inheritance, or social expectations. You can use the word in conditional sentences: 'If my پسرعمه had studied harder, he would have become a doctor' (Agar pesaramme-am bishtar dars khānde bud, doktor mishod). You are also aware of the formal and informal registers. You know when to use the full 'ezafe' and when to use the colloquial contractions. You can follow a fast-paced conversation between native speakers discussing their extended family and pick out exactly which relative they are talking about based on these specific kinship terms.

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At the C1 level, you understand the nuances of 'پسرعمه' in literature and formal discourse. You can discuss the sociological implications of the Persian kinship system and how words like 'پسرعمه' reflect a patriarchal or patrilineal historical structure. You can use the word in complex rhetorical structures and understand its use in classical Persian poetry or modern Iranian cinema to signify specific types of familial bonds. You are also aware of regional variations in how these terms might be used or abbreviated. Your use of the word is flawless, and you can explain the difference between various cousins to other learners with ease, including the legal definitions in Iranian civil law.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'پسرعمه' is indistinguishable from a native speaker. You can use it in highly specialized contexts, such as legal disputes over estates or complex genealogical research. You understand the deepest cultural connotations, including the historical (though now less common) tradition of 'ezdevāj-e fāmili' (family marriage) and the proverbs associated with it. You can switch between extremely formal, academic language and the most casual street slang while maintaining the correct usage of kinship terms. You can also appreciate and use puns or wordplay involving these terms in sophisticated Persian humor or high-level literary analysis.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

پسرعمه en 30 secondes

A specific Persian term for a male cousin: the son of your father's sister.
Combines 'pesar' (son) and 'amme' (paternal aunt) using a compound structure.
Essential for identifying family members accurately in Persian-speaking social environments.
Differs from other cousin terms like 'pesaramu' or 'pesarkhale' based on lineage.

The Persian word پسرعمه (pronounced as 'pesar-amme') is a specific kinship term that identifies a male cousin, specifically the son of one's paternal aunt. Unlike the English language, which uses the broad and gender-neutral term 'cousin' for all children of one's aunts and uncles, Persian employs a highly descriptive and granular system. This specificity reflects the historical and cultural importance of lineage and family structure in Iranian society, where the distinction between the paternal and maternal sides often carried different social, legal, and emotional weights. When you use this word, you are immediately communicating two pieces of information: the gender of the cousin (male) and the exact sibling relationship of the parent (the father's sister).

Etymological Composition: The word is a compound of 'pesar' (پسر), meaning son or boy, and 'amme' (عمه), meaning paternal aunt. The two are joined by the 'ezafe' construction, though in modern spoken Persian, it often sounds like a single fused word.
Social Context: In Iranian culture, the 'amme' (paternal aunt) is often viewed as a figure of great affection and sometimes authority within the extended family. Consequently, the 'pesar-amme' is a relative with whom one typically shares a close, lifelong bond, often participating in religious holidays, family gatherings (mehmāni), and traditional ceremonies together.

دیروز با پسرعمه‌ام به بازار رفتیم تا برای عید نوروز لباس بخریم.

Translation: Yesterday, I went to the bazaar with my paternal aunt's son (cousin) to buy clothes for Nowruz.

Understanding this word is crucial for navigating Persian social dynamics. If you were to simply say 'cousin' in a Persian context, an Iranian listener would likely ask, 'Which one?' to clarify the exact branch of the family tree. Using پسرعمه demonstrates a high level of cultural competence and linguistic precision. It is used in both formal and informal settings, although the level of formality might change how you address the person directly (e.g., adding 'Agha' for respect).

In literature and daily storytelling, the پسرعمه often appears as a character representing childhood companionship. Because Iranian families traditionally lived in close proximity or visited frequently, these cousins were often the primary playmates for children. This word evokes a sense of shared history and blood ties that are foundational to the Persian identity. Even in modern urban settings like Tehran, where nuclear families are more common, the term remains the standard way to identify this specific relative.

او نه تنها پسرعمه من است، بلکه بهترین دوست من هم هست.

Translation: He is not only my paternal aunt's son, but he is also my best friend.

Grammatical Note: When adding possessive suffixes, the 'e' at the end of 'amme' can sometimes behave differently. In formal Persian, it is 'pesar-amme-ye man', but in spoken Persian, it is usually 'pesaramme-m'.

Using پسرعمه in a sentence requires an understanding of how Persian handles possessives and relationships. Because the word itself is a compound, it functions as a single noun unit. Whether you are introducing someone, describing a shared event, or talking about family history, the word stays consistent in its root form, but its endings change based on who 'owns' the cousin.

Possessive Forms: To say 'my cousin', you add the suffix '-am' to the end of 'amme', resulting in 'pesaramme-am' (often pronounced 'pesaramme-m'). For 'your cousin', it is 'pesaramme-at' (spoken 'pesaramme-t').

آیا پسرعمه‌ات در دانشگاه تهران درس می‌خواند؟

Translation: Does your paternal aunt's son study at the University of Tehran?

When constructing more complex sentences, such as those involving plural subjects or past actions, پسرعمه follows standard Persian grammar rules. If you have multiple cousins from the same paternal aunt (or multiple paternal aunts), you pluralize the word by adding '-hā' to the end: 'pesaramme-hā'. However, it is more common to refer to them individually or as a group of 'cousins' (fāmil) in general conversation unless specificity is required.

In formal writing, such as a biography or a legal document regarding inheritance, you might see the word used with more formal verbs. In everyday speech, it is often paired with verbs like 'umadan' (to come), 'raftan' (to go), or 'goftan' (to say). Iranians often use the term as a way to establish a person's identity to a third party. If you are introducing a friend who also happens to be your cousin, you would lead with the kinship term to signify the depth of the relationship.

پسرعمه‌ام هفته آینده از شیراز به دیدن ما می‌آید.

Translation: My paternal aunt's son is coming from Shiraz to visit us next week.

Direct Address: It is important to note that you rarely call your cousin 'Pesar-amme' to his face. Instead, you would use his first name, perhaps followed by 'Jan' (dear) or preceded by 'Agha' (Mr.). 'Pesar-amme' is the term used when talking *about* him to others.

You will encounter the word پسرعمه most frequently in the context of the Iranian 'Mehmāni' (gathering). Family is the cornerstone of Persian social life, and extended family members are constant fixtures in one's social calendar. At a dinner party, a wedding, or during the thirteen days of Nowruz, you will hear people identifying various guests by their relationship to the host. 'In pesaramme-ye Ali e' (This is Ali's paternal aunt's son) is a common way to ground someone in the family network.

The 'Mehmani' Setting: In these settings, the word is used to explain connections to those who might not know everyone. It acts as a social map, helping people understand how everyone is related.

مادرم داشت با تلفن با پسرعمه‌اش درباره مهمانی صحبت می‌کرد.

Translation: My mother was talking on the phone with her paternal aunt's son about the party.

Another place you'll hear this word is in Persian cinema and television dramas (often called 'Serial'). Family disputes, romances, and alliances are staples of Iranian storytelling. A plot point might revolve around a پسرعمه returning from abroad, or a conflict between two cousins over a family business. In these fictional contexts, the word carries the weight of expectation—cousins are expected to support one another, and a betrayal by a 'pesaramme' is seen as particularly significant.

In traditional Iranian neighborhoods (Mahalleh), elders often keep track of everyone's lineage. You might hear an older neighbor ask, 'How is your paternal aunt's son doing? I heard he got married.' Here, the word پسرعمه serves as a bridge between generations. It’s not just a name; it’s a placement within a community's history. Even in diaspora communities in Los Angeles or London, Iranians maintain these specific terms to preserve their cultural heritage and keep the complex family web intact.

توی عکس‌های قدیمی، پسرعمه‌ام همیشه کنار من ایستاده است.

Translation: In old photos, my paternal aunt's son is always standing next to me.

Common Conversations: You'll hear it when people are comparing their children's ages, discussing academic achievements, or planning large family trips to places like the Caspian Sea (Shomal).

The most frequent mistake English speakers make when learning Persian kinship terms is using a generic word for 'cousin'. There is no direct equivalent to the broad English 'cousin'. If you use a general term like 'fāmil' (relative), it is too vague. You must be specific. Another common error is confusing the four main types of male cousins: پسرعمه (father's sister's son), پسرعمو (father's brother's son), پسردایی (mother's brother's son), and پسرخاله (mother's sister's son).

The 'Amme' vs. 'Khale' Trap: Many learners confuse 'Amme' (paternal aunt) with 'Khale' (maternal aunt). If you say 'pesarkhale' when you mean 'pesaramme', you are essentially moving the cousin from your father's side of the family to your mother's side. This can cause significant confusion during family discussions!

اشتباه: من با پسرعمویم (پسرِ برادرِ پدر) به سینما رفتم، در حالی که منظورم پسرِ خواهرِ پدرم بود.

Translation: Mistake: I went to the cinema with my 'pesaramu' (father's brother's son), when I actually meant my father's sister's son.

Another mistake involves the 'ezafe' (the short 'e' sound that links words). While 'pesaramme' is often treated as one word, it is technically 'pesar-e amme'. In fast speech, the 'e' is often dropped or blended. Beginners sometimes over-emphasize the 'e' in a way that sounds unnatural, or they forget it entirely when writing formally. Additionally, gender agreement is key—'pesar' means son, so you cannot use this word for a female cousin (which would be 'dokhtar-amme').

Pronunciation can also be a hurdle. The 'gh' sound in some Persian words is tricky, but here, the 'h' in 'amme' is a soft breathy sound at the end. Some learners accidentally pronounce it like 'am-meh' with a hard 'e', but it should be a very light 'e' sound. Also, ensure you don't confuse 'amme' (aunt) with 'am' (uncle) in other languages or contexts. In Persian, the distinction is sharp and non-negotiable.

دقت کنید که پسرعمه را با پسرخاله اشتباه نگیرید؛ چون یکی از طرف پدر است و دیگری از طرف مادر.

Translation: Be careful not to confuse 'pesaramme' with 'pesarkhale'; because one is from the father's side and the other is from the mother's side.

Spelling Note: In written Persian, ensure the 'he' (ه) at the end of 'amme' is present. It is often silent in terms of a 'h' sound but indicates the final 'e' vowel.

To truly master پسرعمه, you must understand it within the constellation of other Persian kinship terms. Persian has eight distinct words for what English calls 'cousin'. These are divided by the gender of the cousin and the specific aunt or uncle they belong to. Understanding these alternatives will help you categorize your relatives correctly and avoid the social faux pas of misidentifying a family member's lineage.

Paternal Cousins: پسرعمو (Pesaramu): Son of your father's brother. Historically, this is a very significant relationship in tribal or traditional structures.
دخترعمه (Dokhtaramme): Daughter of your father's sister (the female version of pesaramme).
دخترعمو (Dokhtaramu): Daughter of your father's brother.
Maternal Cousins: پسردایی (Pesardayi): Son of your mother's brother.
پسرخاله (Pesarkhale): Son of your mother's sister.
دختردایی (Dokhtardayi): Daughter of your mother's brother.
دخترخاله (Dokhtarkhale): Daughter of your mother's sister.

در فرهنگ ایرانی، پسرعمه و پسرعمو هر دو خویشاوندان پدری محسوب می‌شوند.

Translation: In Iranian culture, both 'pesaramme' and 'pesaramu' are considered paternal relatives.

Besides these specific terms, you might use more general words if you are speaking broadly about your relatives. 'Fāmil' is the most common word for 'relative' or 'family member' in a general sense. If you want to say 'my cousins' without specifying which ones, you might say 'بچه‌های فامیل' (bache-haye fāmil - the kids of the family). However, Iranians almost always default to the specific term if they are talking about a single individual.

In some poetic or very formal contexts, you might see 'farzand-e amme' (child of the paternal aunt), but this is rare in spoken Persian. Another interesting aspect is the use of 'cousin' terms as terms of endearment or solidarity in certain subcultures, though this is much more common with 'pesarkhale' (which can sometimes be used like 'buddy' in very specific slang, though this is rare and context-dependent). For the most part, پسرعمه remains a literal, functional term of kinship.

رابطه من با پسرعمه‌ام صمیمی‌تر از رابطه‌ام با پسرخاله‌ام است.

Translation: My relationship with my 'pesaramme' is closer than my relationship with my 'pesarkhale'.

Comparison Table: Pesar (Son) + Amme (Pat. Aunt) = Paternal side.
Pesar (Son) + Khale (Mat. Aunt) = Maternal side.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

Persian is a 'Sudanese' kinship language, meaning it has separate terms for almost every distinct relative, unlike 'Eskimo' kinship (like English) which groups them.

Guide de prononciation

UK /pe.sæɾ.æm.me/

US /pe.sær.æm.me/

The stress typically falls on the last syllable of the final word in the compound: pesaramME.

Rime avec

عمه (Amme) همه (Hamme - All) کمه (Kamme - It's little) نمه (Namme) دمه (Damme) رمه (Ramme) جمه (Jamme) سرمه (Sorme)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'amme' like the English name 'Amy'.
Making the 'h' at the end of 'amme' audible like a hard 'h' instead of a soft vowel marker.
Forgetting the short 'e' sound (ezafe) between 'pesar' and 'amme' in formal speech.
Confusing the 'a' sound in 'amme' with an 'o' sound.
Stress on the first syllable 'PEsar'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Easy to read as it's a compound of two common words.

Écriture 3/5

Requires remembering the 'he' at the end of 'amme'.

Expression orale 3/5

The pronunciation of 'amme' and the ezafe needs practice.

Écoute 4/5

Can be confused with other cousin terms in fast speech.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

پسر (Pesar) عمه (Amme) پدر (Pedar) خواهر (Khāhar)

Apprends ensuite

پسرعمو پسردایی پسرخاله دخترعمه

Avancé

شجره‌نامه (Family tree) ارث (Inheritance) نسبت فامیلی (Family relation)

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction

پسرِ عمه (Pesar-e Amme)

Possessive Suffixes

پسرعمه‌ام (My cousin)

Pluralization with -hā

پسرعمه‌ها (Cousins)

Compound Noun Formation

پسر + عمه = پسرعمه

Silent 'He' at word end

عمه (The 'h' marks the 'e' sound)

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Exemples par niveau

این پسرعمه من است.

This is my paternal aunt's son.

Simple demonstrative sentence with possessive ezafe.

پسرعمه من ده ساله است.

My cousin is ten years old.

Subject-predicate sentence with age.

نام پسرعمه تو چیست؟

What is your cousin's name?

Interrogative sentence.

پسرعمه من در تهران است.

My cousin is in Tehran.

Locative sentence.

او پسرعمه خوبی است.

He is a good cousin.

Adjective usage.

پسرعمه من یک گربه دارد.

My cousin has a cat.

Verb 'to have' (dāshtan).

من و پسرعمه‌ام بازی می‌کنیم.

My cousin and I are playing.

Compound subject with plural verb.

پسرعمه من دانش‌آموز است.

My cousin is a student.

Noun as a complement.

پسرعمه‌ام دیروز به خانه ما آمد.

My cousin came to our house yesterday.

Simple past tense.

آیا پسرعمه تو در مدرسه است؟

Is your cousin at school?

Question with 'āyā'.

من برای پسرعمه‌ام یک کتاب خریدم.

I bought a book for my cousin.

Indirect object with 'barāye'.

پسرعمه من خیلی بلند است.

My cousin is very tall.

Adverb 'kheyli' with adjective.

پسرعمه‌ام در شیراز زندگی می‌کند.

My cousin lives in Shiraz.

Present continuous/habitual tense.

من پسرعمه‌ام را دوست دارم.

I love/like my cousin.

Direct object with 'rā'.

پسرعمه تو چند سال دارد؟

How old is your cousin?

Asking age.

ما با پسرعمه‌مان به پارک رفتیم.

We went to the park with our cousin.

Preposition 'bā' (with).

وقتی بچه بودیم، با پسرعمه‌ام همیشه فوتبال بازی می‌کردیم.

When we were kids, we always played football with my cousin.

Past habitual tense.

پسرعمه‌ام می‌خواهد سال آینده به خارج از کشور برود.

My cousin wants to go abroad next year.

Modal verb 'khāstan' with subjunctive.

من شنیدم که پسرعمه تو در امتحان قبول شده است.

I heard that your cousin has passed the exam.

Present perfect tense.

اگر پسرعمه‌ام بیاید، ما به کوه می‌رویم.

If my cousin comes, we will go to the mountain.

First conditional.

پسرعمه‌ام به من قول داد که در درس‌هایم به من کمک کند.

My cousin promised me that he would help me with my lessons.

Complex sentence with 'ke'.

دیروز در مهمانی، پسرعمه‌ام را بعد از دو سال دیدم.

Yesterday at the party, I saw my cousin after two years.

Time expressions.

پسرعمه من در یک شرکت بزرگ کار می‌کند.

My cousin works in a large company.

Present habitual.

آیا می‌دانی پسرعمه‌ات کجاست؟

Do you know where your cousin is?

Indirect question.

پسرعمه‌ام به دلیل مهارت‌هایش در نقاشی، جایزه‌ای دریافت کرد.

My cousin received an award due to his skills in painting.

Reasoning with 'be dalil-e'.

رابطه من و پسرعمه‌ام فراتر از یک نسبت فامیلی ساده است.

The relationship between me and my cousin is beyond a simple family tie.

Abstract noun usage.

پسرعمه‌ام اصرار داشت که تمام هزینه‌های سفر را خودش بپردازد.

My cousin insisted on paying all the travel expenses himself.

Subjunctive after 'esrār dāshtan'.

با وجود اینکه پسرعمه‌ام پرمشغله است، همیشه برای خانواده وقت می‌گذارد.

Despite being busy, my cousin always makes time for the family.

Concessive clause with 'bā vojud-e inke'.

پسرعمه من در حال تحقیق در مورد تاریخ باستان ایران است.

My cousin is researching the ancient history of Iran.

Present continuous with 'dar hāl-e'.

امیدوارم پسرعمه‌ات در شغل جدیدش موفق باشد.

I hope your cousin is successful in his new job.

Expressing hope with subjunctive.

پسرعمه‌ام به محض اینکه رسید، با ما تماس گرفت.

My cousin called us as soon as he arrived.

Time clause with 'be mahz-e inke'.

پسرعمه من همیشه با دقت به حرف‌های دیگران گوش می‌دهد.

My cousin always listens carefully to what others say.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat'.

پسرعمه‌ام در مقاله‌ای که اخیراً منتشر کرده، به بررسی ساختارهای اجتماعی پرداخته است.

In the article he recently published, my cousin examined social structures.

Academic register.

اختلاف نظری که میان من و پسرعمه‌ام به وجود آمد، ریشه در مسائل قدیمی داشت.

The disagreement that arose between me and my cousin was rooted in old issues.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

پسرعمه من به عنوان یک وکیل برجسته، در پرونده‌های پیچیده حقوقی فعالیت می‌کند.

As a prominent lawyer, my cousin works on complex legal cases.

Prepositional phrase 'be onvān-e'.

پسرعمه‌ام با تسلط کامل بر چند زبان، در کنفرانس‌های بین‌المللی سخنرانی می‌کند.

With complete mastery of several languages, my cousin speaks at international conferences.

Participial phrase.

در وصیت‌نامه پدربزرگ، سهم مشخصی برای پسرعمه‌ام در نظر گرفته شده بود.

In the grandfather's will, a specific share had been considered for my cousin.

Passive voice in past perfect.

پسرعمه‌ام همواره تلاش می‌کند تا میراث فرهنگی خانواده را حفظ کند.

My cousin always strives to preserve the family's cultural heritage.

Infinitive clause.

من و پسرعمه‌ام بر سر مسائل سیاسی ساعت‌ها به بحث و تبادل نظر می‌پردازیم.

My cousin and I spend hours debating and exchanging views on political issues.

Compound verbs.

پسرعمه من با رویکردی انتقادی به مسائل روز می‌نگرد.

My cousin looks at current issues with a critical approach.

Formal adverbial usage.

پسرعمه‌ام در تحلیل‌های ژئوپلیتیک خود، به ظرافت‌های تاریخی منطقه اشاره می‌کند.

In his geopolitical analyses, my cousin refers to the historical nuances of the region.

High-level academic terminology.

پیوند عاطفی عمیقی که میان پسرعمه‌ام و برادرم وجود دارد، مثال‌زدنی است.

The deep emotional bond that exists between my cousin and my brother is exemplary.

Abstract subjects.

پسرعمه من با بهره‌گیری از متون کهن، به بازسازی هویت ملی می‌پردازد.

By utilizing ancient texts, my cousin engages in the reconstruction of national identity.

Gerund-like construction.

در میان تمام بستگان، پسرعمه‌ام تنها کسی بود که شجاعت مخالفت با تصمیم بزرگترها را داشت.

Among all the relatives, my cousin was the only one who had the courage to oppose the elders' decision.

Complex superlative structure.

پسرعمه‌ام مدعی است که تحولات اخیر، پیامدهای ناگواری برای ساختار خانواده خواهد داشت.

My cousin claims that recent developments will have dire consequences for the family structure.

Reported speech with future tense.

پسرعمه من با نگاهی جامع‌نگر، به حل و فصل منازعات خانوادگی کمک می‌کند.

With a holistic view, my cousin helps in resolving family conflicts.

Compound adjectives.

پسرعمه‌ام در کسوت یک فیلسوف، به پرسش‌های بنیادین بشر پاسخ می‌دهد.

In the capacity of a philosopher, my cousin answers fundamental human questions.

Archaic/Formal prepositional usage.

هوش و درایت پسرعمه‌ام زبانزد خاص و عام است.

The intelligence and wisdom of my cousin are known by everyone (famous).

Idiomatic expression.

Collocations courantes

پسرعمه بزرگ

پسرعمه کوچک

دیدار با پسرعمه

عروسی پسرعمه

خونه پسرعمه

پسرعمه ناتنی

نام پسرعمه

عکس پسرعمه

پسرعمه عزیز

دعوا با پسرعمه

Phrases Courantes

پسرعمه‌ات چطوره؟

— How is your cousin doing? A common social inquiry.

سلام، پسرعمه‌ات چطوره؟ حالش خوبه؟

سلام من را به پسرعمه‌ات برسان.

— Give my regards to your cousin.

وقتی او را دیدی، سلام من را به پسرعمه‌ات برسان.

پسرعمه‌ام و من

— My cousin and I. Used as a subject in many stories.

پسرعمه‌ام و من از بچگی با هم بزرگ شدیم.

خانواده پسرعمه

— The family of the paternal aunt's son.

ما با خانواده پسرعمه‌ام به سفر رفتیم.

پسرعمه‌ام اینجاست.

— My cousin is here. Used during introductions.

بیا داخل، پسرعمه‌ام اینجاست.

مثل پسرعمه

— Like a cousin. Used for comparison.

او برای من مثل پسرعمه است.

پسرعمه جان

— Dear cousin. A term used when addressing him affectionately.

پسرعمه جان، می‌توانی به من کمک کنی؟

به سفارش پسرعمه

— On the recommendation of the cousin.

من این کتاب را به سفارش پسرعمه‌ام خریدم.

پسرعمه‌ام معمار است.

— My cousin is an architect. Used when talking about professions.

می‌دانی که پسرعمه‌ام معمار است؟

پسرعمه‌ام را ندیدی؟

— Haven't you seen my cousin? A common question at gatherings.

ببخشید، پسرعمه‌ام را ندیدی؟ او همین الان اینجا بود.

Souvent confondu avec

پسرعمه vs پسرعمو

This is the father's *brother's* son. 'Ammu' is uncle, 'Amme' is aunt.

پسرعمه vs پسردایی

This is the mother's *brother's* son. 'Dayi' is maternal uncle.

پسرعمه vs پسرخاله

This is the mother's *sister's* son. 'Khale' is maternal aunt.

Expressions idiomatiques

"عقد پسرعمو و دخترعمو را در آسمان بسته‌اند"

— While this specifically mentions 'pesaramu' and 'dokhtaramu', it reflects the general cultural idea that cousin marriages (including with a pesaramme) are predestined.

قدیمی‌ها می‌گفتند عقد این دو نفر را در آسمان بسته‌اند.

Traditional/Proverbial

"پسرخاله شدن"

— To become overly cozy or informal with someone too quickly (uses 'pesarkhale', but related to the 'cousin' concept).

هنوز او را نمی‌شناسد اما خیلی زود با او پسرخاله شده است.

Informal/Slang

"هفت پشت غریبه"

— To be completely unrelated (seven generations of strangers). The opposite of being a 'pesaramme'.

ما با آن‌ها هیچ نسبتی نداریم، هفت پشت غریبه هستیم.

Informal

"خون خون را می‌کشد"

— Blood attracts blood. Used when cousins like 'pesaramme' feel a natural pull or loyalty to each other.

طبیعی است که به او کمک کند، خون خون را می‌کشد.

Informal/Proverbial

"مثل سیبی که از وسط نصف کرده باشند"

— Like an apple cut in half. Used if two cousins look very much alike.

او و پسرعمه‌اش مثل سیبی هستند که از وسط نصف کرده باشند.

Informal

"از خودمان است"

— He is one of us. Often said about a 'pesaramme' to indicate he is family and can be trusted.

راحت باش، او از خودمان است، پسرعمه من است.

Informal

"فامیلِ نزدیک"

— Close relative. A 'pesaramme' is always considered this.

او از فامیل‌های نزدیک ماست.

Neutral

"پشت‌گرمی"

— Having someone's back. A 'pesaramme' is often a person's 'posht-garmi' in family matters.

پسرعمه‌ام همیشه پشت‌گرمی من در زندگی بوده است.

Informal

"یک گوشت و ناخن"

— Like flesh and fingernail. Describing an inseparable relationship between cousins.

این دو پسرعمه مثل گوشت و ناخن هستند.

Informal

"وصله تن"

— A part of one's body/soul. Used for very dear relatives.

پسرعمه‌ام برای من مثل وصله تن است.

Literary/Informal

Facile à confondre

پسرعمه vs پسرعمو

Both are paternal cousins.

One is from the father's sister (Amme), the other from the father's brother (Amu).

پسرعمو پسرِ برادرِ پدر است، اما پسرعمه پسرِ خواهرِ پدر است.

پسرعمه vs دخترعمه

Same parentage.

Gender. Dokhtar is daughter, Pesar is son.

او دخترعمه من است (دختر)، اما او پسرعمه من است (پسر).

پسرعمه vs پسرخاله

Both are cousins.

Side of the family. Khale is maternal, Amme is paternal.

پسرخاله از طرف مادر است.

پسرعمه vs عمه

Related root.

Amme is the aunt herself; Pesaramme is her son.

عمه من یک پسر دارد که پسرعمه من است.

پسرعمه vs نوه

Family relation.

Naveh means grandchild, not cousin.

پسرعمه نوه پدربزرگ من است.

Structures de phrases

این [Relative] من است.

این پسرعمه من است.

[Relative] من [Adjective] است.

پسرعمه من مهربان است.

من با [Relative] به [Place] رفتم.

من با پسرعمه‌ام به سینما رفتم.

اگر [Relative] بیاید، [Action].

اگر پسرعمه‌ام بیاید، خوشحال می‌شوم.

با وجود [Relative]، من [Action].

با وجود پسرعمه‌ام، من احساس تنهایی نمی‌کنم.

[Relative] در کسوت [Role]، [Action].

پسرعمه‌ام در کسوت یک استاد، تدریس می‌کند.

آیا [Relative] تو [Verb]؟

آیا پسرعمه تو کار می‌کند؟

[Relative] من [Past Verb].

پسرعمه من نامه نوشت.

Famille de mots

Noms

عمه (Aunt)

پسر (Son)

دخترعمه (Cousin - female)

عمه‌زاده (Aunt's child - formal)

Adjectifs

عمه‌وار (Aunt-like - rare)

Apparenté

پسرعمو

پسردایی

پسرخاله

خانواده

فامیل

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very common in family-oriented cultures like Iran.

Erreurs courantes

Saying 'Pesaramme' for your mother's sister's son. → Pesarkhale
Khale is maternal aunt; Amme is paternal aunt.
Pronouncing it 'Pesaram-mi'. → Pesaramme
The final vowel is 'e', not 'i'.
Using 'Pesaramme' for a girl. → Dokhtaramme
Pesar means boy/son.
Forgetting the 'ezafe' link. → Pesar-e Amme
Nouns in a relationship need the 'e' link.
Thinking 'Amme' is an uncle. → Amme is an aunt.
Persian is very specific about gender and side of the family.

Astuces

The 'A' Rule

Remember that 'Amme' and 'Amu' both start with 'A' and belong to the 'Agha' (father's) side of the family.

Introducing Cousins

When introducing a cousin, always use the specific term; it shows you value the family connection.

The Silent He

The letter 'ه' at the end of 'amme' is a vowel marker. Don't try to pronounce it as 'h'.

Family Closeness

Expect cousins to be very involved in each other's lives in Iran. They are often like siblings.

Visualizing the Tree

Draw a family tree and label each person with the Persian term to master them quickly.

Colloquial Shortening

In Tehran, 'pesaramme-ye man' almost always becomes 'pesaramme-m'. Practice this contraction.

Ezafe usage

In formal writing, don't forget the small 'e' sound linking 'pesar' and 'amme'.

Context Clues

If you hear 'amme', look for a connection to the father's side.

Compound Power

Once you know 'Pesar' and 'Dokhtar', you've learned half of all cousin terms!

Daily Practice

Think of a real cousin you have and label them 'Pesaramme' in your head every time you see them.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Pesar' as 'Person' (a boy person) and 'Amme' sounds like 'Auntie'. So, 'Person-Auntie' = Auntie's boy.

Association visuelle

Imagine your father's sister (Auntie Amme) holding a small boy (Pesar). That boy is your Pesaramme.

Word Web

Family Cousin Paternal Father Sister Son Relative Lineage

Défi

Try to name all your male cousins. If any of them are your father's sister's sons, point to them and say 'Pesaramme'.

Origine du mot

The word is a Middle Persian (Pahlavi) derived compound. 'Pesar' comes from Old Persian 'puthra', and 'Amme' is borrowed from Arabic 'عمة' (paternal aunt).

Sens originel : Literally 'son of the paternal aunt'.

Indo-European (Persian) mixed with Semitic (Arabic loanword).

Contexte culturel

Be careful not to use kinship terms for people who aren't actually related unless you are very close, as it might sound confusing or overly familiar.

English speakers often struggle because they only have one word ('cousin'). They must learn to categorize relatives by parent and gender.

Character in 'Dāyi Jān Napoleon' (Uncle Napoleon) book/show Common character type in Iranian sitcoms Mentioned in classical Persian family chronicles

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Family Gathering

پسرعمه‌ام را معرفی می‌کنم.
پسرعمه تو کجاست؟
همه پسرعمه‌ها اینجا هستند.
پسرعمه‌ام خیلی بزرگ شده است.

Introductions

ایشان پسرعمه من هستند.
نام پسرعمه‌ام علی است.
او پسرعمه‌ام از طرف پدری است.
پسرعمه‌ام پزشک است.

Childhood Memories

با پسرعمه‌ام بازی می‌کردم.
پسرعمه‌ام هم‌سن من است.
خاطرات خوبی با پسرعمه‌ام دارم.
پسرعمه‌ام همیشه با من بود.

Legal/Formal

نسبت او پسرعمه است.
پسرعمه متوفی.
حقوق پسرعمه در ارث.
گواهی نسبت پسرعمه.

Travel

با پسرعمه‌ام به شمال رفتیم.
پسرعمه‌ام در لندن زندگی می‌کند.
بلیت برای پسرعمه‌ام خریدم.
پسرعمه‌ام راهنمای ما بود.

Amorces de conversation

"آیا تو پسرعمه داری؟ (Do you have a paternal aunt's son?)"

"رابطه‌ات با پسرعمه‌ات چطور است؟ (How is your relationship with your cousin?)"

"آخرین بار کی پسرعمه‌ات را دیدی؟ (When was the last time you saw your cousin?)"

"پسرعمه‌ات چه شغلی دارد؟ (What is your cousin's job?)"

"آیا پسرعمه‌ات هم‌سن توست؟ (Is your cousin the same age as you?)"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره یکی از خاطراتت با پسرعمه‌ات بنویس. (Write about one of your memories with your cousin.)

تفاوت‌های پسرعمه و پسرخاله در فرهنگ خودت را شرح بده. (Describe the differences between cousins in your culture.)

اگر پسرعمه‌ات از یک کشور دیگر بیاید، او را به کجا می‌بری؟ (If your cousin comes from another country, where would you take him?)

چرا داشتن پسرعمه یا دخترعمه در خانواده مهم است؟ (Why is it important to have cousins in the family?)

یک نامه کوتاه به پسرعمه‌ات بنویس و او را به مهمانی دعوت کن. (Write a short letter to your cousin and invite him to a party.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Pesaramme is your father's sister's son, while Pesaramu is your father's brother's son. Both are on the paternal side.

You would use the plural form 'Pesaramme-hā-ye man' or colloquially 'Pesaramme-hām'.

No, 'Pesar' specifically means son/boy. For a female cousin, you must use 'Dokhtaramme'.

It's not rude, but it's unusual. You should use his name. 'Pesaramme' is mostly for describing him to others.

It is a short 'e' like in 'met'. It is not a long 'ee' or a silent 'h'.

Yes, cousins are typically considered very close family members in Iranian culture.

Yes, in Iranian culture and law, marriage between first cousins is legal and historically common.

Yes, any son of any paternal aunt is your Pesaramme.

The formal term is 'Ammezāde' (عمه‌زاده), but 'Pesar-e Amme' is also perfectly formal.

You can say 'Ou pesaramme-ye man ast'.

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