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B1 noun 10 min de lecture

貧血

hinketsu

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 貧血 en 30 secondes

Explication 貧血 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 貧血 (hinketsu) as a simple noun meaning 'anemia' or 'feeling dizzy.' It is a useful word to know for basic health situations. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'Hinketsu desu' (I have anemia) or 'Hinketsu? Daijōbu?' (Anemia? Are you okay?). At this stage, don't worry too much about the medical details. Just remember that it is related to blood (血 - ketsu) and feeling weak. If you feel like you are going to fall down because your head feels light, this is the word you might use. It's often taught alongside other basic health words like 'kaze' (cold) and 'netsu' (fever). You might see it in a basic textbook when learning about visiting a doctor. The kanji might be a bit difficult for A1, so focus on the pronunciation 'hin-ketsu.' Think of the 'hin' sound like the start of 'hint' and 'ketsu' like 'kettle.' If you can say this word, you can tell someone why you need to sit down if you feel faint.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 貧血 (hinketsu) with basic verbs and particles. You should learn the phrase 'hinketsu ni naru' (to become anemic) and 'hinketsu no shōjō' (anemic symptoms). You might use it to explain why you can't do something, like 'Hinketsu nanode, yasumimasu' (Because I have anemia, I will rest). You should also be able to recognize the kanji. 貧 means poor and 血 means blood. This makes the word easier to remember. At this level, you might also learn that hinketsu is a common reason for feeling 'tsukareyasui' (easy to get tired). You can understand simple health advice, such as 'Tetsubun o totte kudasai' (Please take iron), which is the standard response to anemia. You are beginning to distinguish between a cold and other types of feeling unwell. If you are in Japan, you might hear this word at a drugstore when looking for vitamins. It's a key word for basic self-care and communicating physical needs to others in a simple way.

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At the B1 level, you should understand the distinction between 貧血 (hinketsu) as a medical condition and its casual use for 'standing up too fast' (tachi-kurami). You can use more complex grammar, such as 'hinketsu-gimi' (prone to anemia) or 'hinketsu o okosu' (to have an anemic episode). You should be able to describe your symptoms in more detail to a doctor, using words like 'めまい' (dizziness) and 'だるさ' (fatigue) in conjunction with hinketsu. You can also understand basic articles about health and nutrition that discuss 'tetsubun busoku' (iron deficiency). At this level, you are expected to use the word in social contexts, perhaps explaining a character's health in a story or discussing health check-up results with a colleague. You understand that hinketsu is a common health topic in Japan and can participate in a conversation about it. You might also encounter the word in broader contexts, such as 'sports hinketsu' in a club activity. Your ability to use the word accurately in different verb patterns (naru, okosu, ga aru) shows your increasing fluency.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 貧血 (hinketsu) in both formal and informal settings. You can discuss the physiological causes, such as 'hemoglobin no genshō' (decrease in hemoglobin), and understand the social implications, like why it's a focus of school health checks. You can use the word in more advanced grammatical structures, such as 'hinketsu ni nayamasareru' (to be plagued by anemia). You should also be aware of related medical terms like 'tei-ketsuatsu' (low blood pressure) and 'nō-hinketsu' (cerebral anemia) and know when to use each. In a professional or academic setting, you can read more technical texts about the prevalence of anemia in certain demographics. You understand the nuance of using 'hinketsu' as a polite way to ask if someone is feeling faint when they look pale. You can also discuss dietary solutions in detail, mentioning specific foods and their nutritional benefits. Your vocabulary is rich enough to avoid the common mistake of using 'hinketsu o motte iru' and instead use more natural expressions like 'hinketsu no keikō ga aru' (have a tendency toward anemia).

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of 貧血 (hinketsu) and its place in Japanese society and medicine. You can discuss the nuances of different types of anemia, such as 'tetsu ketsubō-sei hinketsu' (iron-deficiency anemia) versus 'akusei hinketsu' (pernicious anemia). You are familiar with how the term is used in literature and media to convey a certain atmosphere or character trait (e.g., fragility or overwork). You can follow complex medical discussions or news reports about public health trends related to blood health. You understand the historical context of the word and how it might have been perceived in different eras. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the use of idiomatic expressions like 'chi no ke ga hiku' (to turn pale) in appropriate contexts. You can provide detailed advice or explain medical procedures related to anemia diagnosis and treatment. You also recognize the word in specialized contexts, such as 'yō-hinketsu' (hemolytic anemia) or its relevance in geriatric care. Your ability to navigate these specialized meanings demonstrates a high level of linguistic and cultural competence.

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At the C2 level, you possess a mastery of 貧血 (hinketsu) that allows you to use it with precision in any context, from a casual chat to a specialized medical symposium. You can analyze the etymology and the subtle shifts in meaning the word has undergone over time. You are capable of critiquing medical literature or public health policies regarding anemia screening in Japan. You understand the most obscure medical classifications and can discuss the molecular level of the condition if necessary. Furthermore, you can use the term creatively in writing or high-level oratory, perhaps using it metaphorically in a sophisticated way (though it is rare, a C2 speaker knows how to push the boundaries of language). You are also aware of how 'hinketsu' relates to broader concepts in East Asian medicine (Kampo) and can compare and contrast these views with Western medical perspectives. Your understanding of the word is not just linguistic but also encompasses the full range of its cultural, social, and scientific significance in the Japanese-speaking world. You can handle any conversation, no matter how technical or nuanced, involving blood health and its related symptoms.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

貧血 en 30 secondes

貧血 (hinketsu) means anemia, a lack of healthy red blood cells, leading to fatigue and dizziness.
Commonly used to describe 'head rushes' or feeling faint when standing up suddenly (tachi-kurami).
A frequent topic in Japanese health check-ups and school infirmaries, often treated with iron.
Grammatically a noun, usually paired with the verbs 'naru' (become) or 'okosu' (trigger/suffer).

The Japanese word 貧血 (hinketsu) is a medical and common term that translates directly to 'anemia' in English. Etymologically, it is composed of two kanji characters: 貧 (hin), which means 'poor,' 'meager,' or 'lacking,' and 血 (ketsu), which means 'blood.' Together, they literally describe a state of 'poor blood' or a deficiency in the blood's quality or quantity. In a clinical sense, it refers to a condition where the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin within them is below normal, leading to a reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. However, in daily Japanese conversation, the term is often used more broadly to describe the physical sensation of feeling faint, dizzy, or lightheaded, especially when standing up quickly. This is technically known as 'orthostatic hypotension' (tachi-kurami in Japanese), but many people will simply say 'I feel like I have hinketsu.' It is a word frequently heard in schools during morning assemblies when students might feel unwell from standing too long, or in hospitals during health check-ups. Because iron-deficiency anemia is relatively common among women and growing teenagers in Japan, the word carries a nuance of physical fragility or a need for better nutrition.

Medical Context: Used by doctors to diagnose low hemoglobin levels. Patients are often told to eat more spinach or liver.

Casual Usage: Often used synonymously with 'dizziness' (めまい) even if the cause isn't actually a lack of red blood cells.

急に立ち上がったら、ひどい貧血で目の前が真っ暗になった。

Translation: When I stood up suddenly, I had such bad anemia (dizziness) that everything went black.

健康診断の結果、重度の貧血だと診断された。

Translation: As a result of my health checkup, I was diagnosed with severe anemia.

Understanding 貧血 requires distinguishing between the chronic medical condition and the acute sensation of fainting. In literature, a pale, anemic character is often portrayed as delicate or sickly, a trope that has persisted from the Meiji era through modern manga. However, in a modern health context, it is treated with high-iron supplements (tetsuzai) and dietary changes. The word is not gender-specific, but statistically, it is used more frequently in discussions regarding women's health. When using the word, remember that it is a noun, but it often functions with the verb 'ni naru' (to become/to have) or 'okosu' (to trigger/to suffer from). For example, 'hinketsu ni naru' means 'to get anemia.' It is a essential word for anyone living in Japan, as health check-ups (kenko shindan) are mandatory for employees and students, and 'hinketsu' is one of the primary markers tested in the blood work portion of these exams.

Using 貧血 (hinketsu) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common verbal pairings. The most basic way to state you have anemia is '貧血です' (Hinketsu desu). To describe the onset of the condition, use the particle 'ni' with the verb 'naru' (to become): '貧血になる' (hinketsu ni naru). If you want to describe a sudden episode of feeling faint, you might use '起こす' (okosu - to cause/trigger), as in '貧血を起こす' (hinketsu o okosu). When describing the severity, adjectives like 'ひどい' (hidoi - terrible/severe) or '軽い' (karui - light/mild) are placed before the noun. For instance, 'ひどい貧血に悩まされている' (hidoi hinketsu ni nayamasarete iru) means 'I am suffering from severe anemia.'

Verb Pairing: Naru: Used for the state or diagnosis: '最近、貧血になった' (I've become anemic recently).

Verb Pairing: Okosu: Used for an event or episode: '朝礼中に貧血を起こした' (I had an anemic episode during the morning assembly).

彼女は貧血気味なので、激しい運動は控えている。

Translation: She is slightly anemic, so she avoids strenuous exercise.

In more formal or medical contexts, you might encounter '貧血症状' (hinketsu shōjō), which means 'anemic symptoms.' These symptoms include '息切れ' (ikigire - shortness of breath), '動悸' (dōki - palpitations), and 'だるさ' (darusa - fatigue/sluggishness). If you are speaking to a doctor, you might say, '貧血の数値が低いです' (hinketsu no sūchi ga hikui desu - my anemia levels/blood counts are low). In casual conversation, if someone looks like they are about to pass out, you can ask, '貧血？大丈夫？' (Hinketsu? Daijōbu? - Anemia? Are you okay?). Notice how the word is used to cover both the long-term condition and the short-term feeling. Another useful phrase is '脳貧血' (nō-hinketsu), which literally means 'cerebral anemia' but is the specific term for that 'head rush' feeling when you stand up too fast. However, 'hinketsu' alone is usually sufficient in most daily interactions. When writing, ensure the kanji for 'hin' (貧) is not confused with 'bin' (as in binbō, though they share the same kanji for poor). The 'ketsu' (血) is the standard kanji for blood, also read as 'chi' in other contexts. Mastering these patterns allows you to navigate health-related conversations with clarity and precision.

You will encounter the word 貧血 (hinketsu) in various facets of Japanese life, ranging from clinical settings to everyday health concerns. One of the most common places is during the 'Kenko Shindan' (annual health check-up) which is a staple of Japanese corporate and school culture. During the results consultation, a doctor might point to your blood test results and say, '少し貧血の傾向がありますね' (Sukoshi hinketsu no keikō ga arimasu ne - You have a slight tendency toward anemia). In schools, it's a very common reason for students to visit the 'hoken-shitsu' (infirmary). Teachers often warn students to be careful of hinketsu during long outdoor ceremonies in the sun. In the world of sports, coaches might monitor female athletes for 'sports hinketsu,' a condition caused by the physical impact of running or intense training that can destroy red blood cells. You will also see the word prominently displayed in drugstores (yakkyoku) on the labels of iron supplements and fortified drinks. These products often feature phrases like '貧血が気になる方に' (For those concerned about anemia).

At the Pharmacy: Look for '鉄分' (tetsubun - iron) and '貧血改善' (hinketsu kaizen - anemia improvement) on labels.

「顔色が悪いですよ。貧血じゃないですか？」

Translation: 'You look pale. Could it be anemia?'

In media, particularly in health-focused TV programs (kenko bangumi), specialists often discuss how to prevent hinketsu through diet, recommending foods like 'reba' (liver), 'hōrensō' (spinach), and 'hiziki' (a type of seaweed). You might also hear it in the context of pregnancy, as 'ninshin-chu no hinketsu' (anemia during pregnancy) is a common topic in maternal health handbooks (boshi techō). Because the word is so pervasive, it isn't considered overly clinical or scary; it's treated as a manageable health condition. If you are at a restaurant and someone refuses a drink or a certain food, they might mention their hinketsu as a reason for needing to be careful with their diet. It's a versatile word that bridges the gap between serious medical diagnosis and common physical discomfort. Furthermore, in historical dramas (jidaigeki), you might hear more archaic terms for weakness, but in any modern setting, 'hinketsu' is the standard. Even in advertisements for blood donation (kenketsu), they will screen donors for hinketsu to ensure the donor's safety, often using the phrase 'hinketsu no kata wa go-enryo kudasai' (those with anemia should refrain from donating).

A frequent mistake learners make with 貧血 (hinketsu) is confusing it with other types of dizziness or fainting. While hinketsu is often used casually to mean 'dizzy,' the more accurate word for general dizziness is めまい (memai). If you feel like the room is spinning (vertigo), you should use 'memai' rather than 'hinketsu.' Another common error is using the wrong verb. Learners often try to say 'hinketsu o motte iru' (I have anemia) by translating 'have' literally. While technically understandable, it sounds unnatural. The correct way to express having the condition is 'hinketsu desu' or 'hinketsu no shōjō ga aru.' Additionally, don't confuse 貧血 (hinketsu) with 献血 (kenketsu). They sound similar but 献血 means 'blood donation.' Imagine the embarrassment of telling a doctor you want to 'do anemia' instead of 'donate blood'!

Confusing with 'Dizzy': Mistake: Using 'hinketsu' for motion sickness. Correct: Use 'kuruma-yoi' (car sickness).

Verb Error: Mistake: 'Hinketsu o suru'. Correct: 'Hinketsu ni naru' or 'Hinketsu o okosu'.

× 私は貧血を持っています。
○ 私は貧血です。

Translation: 'I have anemia' should use 'desu' or 'shōjō ga aru,' not 'motte iru.'

Another nuance is the difference between 'hinketsu' and 'tachi-kurami.' While people use 'hinketsu' for both, 'tachi-kurami' is specifically the 'standing up and seeing stars' sensation. If you tell a doctor 'hinketsu,' they will likely order a blood test to check your iron. If you actually just have low blood pressure or stood up too fast, 'tachi-kurami' or 'te-ketsuatsu' (low blood pressure) might be more accurate. Furthermore, avoid using 'hinketsu' as a metaphor for 'lack of money' just because the first kanji means poor. While 'hin' means poor, 'hinketsu' is strictly a medical/physical term. For financial poverty, use 'binbō' or 'konkyū.' Finally, remember that 'hinketsu' is a noun. You cannot say 'hinketsu-i' (anemic-ish) as an adjective; you must use 'hinketsu-gimi' or 'hinketsu no.' Understanding these subtle distinctions will help you sound more like a native speaker and ensure you get the right kind of help if you're ever feeling unwell in Japan.

There are several words related to 貧血 (hinketsu) that you should know to broaden your vocabulary. The most direct alternative for the sensation of fainting is 立ちくらみ (tachi-kurami). This specifically describes the dizziness felt when rising from a sitting or lying position. Another related term is めまい (memai), which is the general word for dizziness or vertigo. While hinketsu is a cause, memai is the symptom. For the medical cause behind most anemia, you will hear 鉄分不足 (tetsubun busoku), meaning 'iron deficiency.' In a clinical setting, doctors might use more specific terms like 鉄欠乏性貧血 (tetsu ketsubō-sei hinketsu - iron-deficiency anemia). If someone looks pale, you might use the phrase 顔色が悪い (kao-iro ga rui - pale complexion/looks unwell) or 血の気が引く (chi no ke ga hiku - the blood drains from one's face), which is often used to describe a sudden shock or fear as well as physical illness.

めまい (Memai): General dizziness. Use this if the room is spinning.

立ちくらみ (Tachi-kurami): Orthostatic hypotension. Specifically for the 'head rush' when standing up.

「貧血」と「立ちくらみ」は混同されやすいが、原因が異なる。

Translation: 'Anemia' and 'orthostatic dizziness' are easily confused, but their causes are different.

Other medical terms include 低血圧 (tei-ketsuatsu - low blood pressure), which often presents with similar symptoms to anemia. In literature, you might see the word 蒼白 (sōhaku - deathly pale), which describes the extreme pallor associated with severe anemia or shock. When discussing nutrition, 栄養失調 (eiyō shitchō - malnutrition) is a broader term that could include anemia as a symptom. For those interested in traditional medicine, you might hear about 'ketsu-kyo' (blood deficiency) in Kampo (traditional Japanese medicine), which overlaps with the concept of hinketsu but involves a different diagnostic framework. Knowing these synonyms and related terms allows you to be more specific about your health or the health of others. For example, if you say 'hinketsu de tachi-kurami ga suru,' you are saying 'I have anemia, and it's making me dizzy when I stand up,' which is very clear and descriptive. This level of detail is helpful when talking to pharmacists or medical professionals.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The kanji 貧 (poor) consists of 'divide' (分) and 'money/shell' (貝), implying that having your money divided makes you poor. In 貧血, it's your blood's quality that is 'poor.'

Guide de prononciation

UK /æˈniːmiə/

US /əˈnimiə/

In Japanese 'hinketsu', there is a slight pitch drop after 'hin'.

Rime avec

Shinketsu (new blood) Kanketsu (completion) Zanketsu (remaining blood) Tenketsu (pressure point) Renketsu (connection) Menketsu (dismissal - rare) Genketsu (original blood - rare) Senketsu (fresh blood)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'hin' as 'heen'. It should be a short 'hi' like in 'hit'.
Pronouncing 'ketsu' as 'ket-soo' with a strong 'u'. The final 'u' is often devoiced.
Confusing the pitch with 'hinketsu' (blood donation - which is actually kenketsu).
Stressing the 'ketsu' too much.
Misreading the kanji 貧 as 'bin'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Kanji are common but require some study. 'Hin' and 'Ketsu' are standard JLPT N3 level kanji.

Écriture 3/5

Writing 'Hin' (貧) can be tricky for beginners due to the strokes in the top part.

Expression orale 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward with no difficult sounds.

Écoute 2/5

Easily recognizable once you know the word, as it sounds distinct.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

血 (blood) 貧しい (poor) 病気 (illness) 体調 (physical condition) 薬 (medicine)

Apprends ensuite

鉄分 (iron) めまい (dizziness) ヘモグロビン (hemoglobin) 健康診断 (health checkup) サプリメント (supplement)

Avancé

骨髄 (bone marrow) 赤血球 (red blood cell) 溶血 (hemolysis) 輸血 (blood transfusion) 造血 (hematopoiesis)

Grammaire à connaître

Noun + 気味 (gimi)

貧血気味 (feeling a bit anemic)

Noun + になる (ni naru)

貧血になる (to become anemic)

Noun + を起こす (o okosu)

貧血を起こす (to suffer an episode)

Noun + が原因で (ga gen-in de)

貧血が原因で倒れる (collapse due to anemia)

Noun + の疑い (no utagai)

貧血の疑いがある (suspicion of anemia)

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Exemples par niveau

私は貧血です。

I have anemia.

Simple Noun + Desu structure.

貧血ですか？大丈夫ですか？

Are you anemic? Are you okay?

Using a noun as a question to check on someone's health.

貧血で休みます。

I will rest because of anemia.

Particle 'de' indicating cause or reason.

母は貧血です。

My mother is anemic.

Topic marker 'wa' with a family member.

貧血は怖くないです。

Anemia is not scary.

Negative form of the adjective 'kowai' (scary).

昨日、貧血でした。

I was anemic yesterday.

Past tense of 'desu'.

貧血の薬を飲みます。

I take anemia medicine.

Noun + 'no' + Noun to show possession/type.

貧血は大変ですね。

Anemia is tough, isn't it?

Sentence ending particle 'ne' for empathy.

急に立ち上がると、貧血になります。

When I stand up suddenly, I get anemic (dizzy).

Conditional 'to' used for natural consequences.

貧血の時は、レバーを食べたほうがいいです。

When you have anemia, it's better to eat liver.

Advice pattern 'hō ga ii'.

彼女は貧血気味です。

She is a bit anemic.

Suffix '-gimi' meaning 'a tendency to' or 'slightly'.

貧血で顔色が白くなっています。

Her face is turning white because of anemia.

Verb 'naru' in the te-iru form for a state.

病院で貧血の検査をしました。

I had an anemia test at the hospital.

Particle 'de' for location of action.

貧血にならないように気をつけています。

I am careful not to become anemic.

'Yō ni ki o tsukeru' (be careful to/not to).

ひどい貧血で倒れてしまいました。

I collapsed due to severe anemia.

Resultative 'te shimau' indicating an unfortunate event.

貧血の症状はありますか？

Do you have any anemia symptoms?

Polite question form.

最近、貧血を起こしやすくなりました。

Lately, I've become prone to having anemic episodes.

Verb stem + 'yasui' (easy to do).

貧血を改善するために、サプリメントを飲んでいます。

I'm taking supplements to improve my anemia.

'Tame ni' indicating purpose.

立ちくらみは、脳貧血の一種だと言われています。

It is said that dizziness upon standing is a type of cerebral anemia.

Passive form 'iwarete iru' (it is said).

貧血が原因で、階段を上るとすぐに息が切れます。

Because of anemia, I get out of breath as soon as I climb stairs.

'Ga gen-in de' (with ... as the cause).

健康診断で貧血だと指摘されました。

It was pointed out during my health check-up that I have anemia.

Passive verb 'shiteki sareta'.

貧血を甘く見てはいけません。

You must not take anemia lightly.

Negative imperative 'te wa ikemasen'.

中学生の頃、朝礼で貧血で倒れる生徒がよくいました。

When I was a middle schooler, there were often students who fainted from anemia at morning assembly.

Relative clause describing students.

貧血の数値が改善したので、安心しました。

I was relieved because my anemia levels improved.

Cause-effect with 'node'.

鉄分不足が深刻になると、鉄欠乏性貧血と診断されます。

When iron deficiency becomes serious, it is diagnosed as iron-deficiency anemia.

Conditional 'to' with a complex noun phrase.

激しい運動を続けるアスリートは、スポーツ貧血に注意が必要です。

Athletes who continue intense exercise need to be careful of sports anemia.

Noun + 'ni chūi ga hitsuyō' (caution is necessary for).

貧血の症状を放置すると、心臓に負担がかかることがあります。

If you leave anemia symptoms untreated, it can put a strain on your heart.

Verb 'hōchi suru' (to neglect/leave alone).

彼女は慢性的な貧血に悩まされており、通院を続けている。

She is suffering from chronic anemia and continues to go to the hospital.

Passive 'nayamasareru' (to be plagued by).

貧血の治療には、食事療法と薬物療法の両方が行われます。

For anemia treatment, both dietary therapy and drug therapy are carried out.

'Ryōhō' (both) structure.

妊娠中は血液量が増えるため、相対的に貧血になりやすい。

During pregnancy, because the blood volume increases, one is relatively prone to anemia.

'Tame' (because) in a formal context.

血液検査の結果、貧血の疑いがあると言われました。

As a result of the blood test, I was told there is a suspicion of anemia.

'Utagai ga aru' (there is a suspicion/doubt).

貧血を予防するには、バランスの取れた食生活が不可欠です。

To prevent anemia, a balanced diet is indispensable.

Verb dictionary form + 'ni wa' (in order to).

貧血の背後には、重大な病気が隠れている可能性も否定できません。

The possibility that a serious illness is hidden behind anemia cannot be denied.

'Hiteki dekimasen' (cannot be denied).

今回の貧血は、単なる栄養不足ではなく、消化管の出血に起因するものでした。

This instance of anemia was not merely due to malnutrition but was caused by gastrointestinal bleeding.

'Ni ki-in suru' (to be caused by/stem from).

貧血状態が長く続くと、認知機能の低下を招くという研究結果もあります。

There are also research results suggesting that prolonged anemia can lead to a decline in cognitive function.

'O maneku' (to invite/lead to a negative result).

彼女の蒼白な顔は、単なる疲れではなく深刻な貧血を物語っていた。

Her deathly pale face told the story of not just fatigue but serious anemia.

'O monogataru' (to tell the story of/speak volumes about).

貧血の改善が見られない場合、骨髄の精密検査が必要になることがあります。

If no improvement in anemia is seen, a detailed examination of the bone marrow may be necessary.

'Ka-ai' (in the case of) with formal medical terms.

高齢者の貧血は自覚症状が乏しいため、発見が遅れがちです。

Anemia in the elderly is often detected late because subjective symptoms are scarce.

Stem + 'gachi' (prone to/tends to).

スポーツ貧血は、足の裏への衝撃による溶血が主な原因の一つとされています。

Sports anemia is considered to be primarily caused by hemolysis due to the impact on the soles of the feet.

'To sarete iru' (is considered to be).

献血前の検査で貧血と判定され、今回は協力することができなかった。

I was judged to have anemia in the pre-donation test, so I couldn't cooperate this time.

'To hantei sareru' (to be judged/determined as).

鉄欠乏性貧血の病態生理を解明することは、公衆衛生上の急務である。

Elucidating the pathophysiology of iron-deficiency anemia is an urgent task for public health.

Highly formal academic language.

貧血という言葉は、日常的には眩暈を指すが、医学的にはヘモグロビン濃度の低下を定義とする。

While the word 'anemia' colloquially refers to dizziness, medically it is defined as a decrease in hemoglobin concentration.

Complex contrastive structure.

慢性疾患に伴う貧血（ACD）は、鉄の利用効率が低下することによって生じる。

Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) occurs due to a decrease in iron utilization efficiency.

'Ni tomonau' (accompanying) and 'ni yotte shōjiru' (arise due to).

貧血が惹起する組織の低酸素状態は、多臓器不全の引き金となり得る。

The tissue hypoxia induced by anemia can become a trigger for multiple organ failure.

'Jakki suru' (to induce/provoke) and 'ari-uru' (can possibly be).

本論文では、途上国における妊産婦の貧血率と乳児死亡率の相関関係を考察する。

In this paper, we consider the correlation between maternal anemia rates and infant mortality rates in developing countries.

Academic 'kōsatsu suru' (to consider/examine).

悪性貧血は、ビタミンB12の吸収障害という自己免疫的な側面を有している。

Pernicious anemia has an autoimmune aspect characterized by impaired absorption of vitamin B12.

Technical medical description.

貧血のスクリーニングにおいて、網赤血球数の測定は造血能を評価する上で肝要である。

In anemia screening, the measurement of reticulocyte count is essential for evaluating hematopoietic capacity.

'Ue de kan-yō' (essential in/for).

歴史的に見れば、貧血は『萎黄病』として文学作品の中で象徴的に描かれてきた経緯がある。

Historically, anemia has a background of being symbolically depicted in literary works as 'chlorosis' (the green sickness).

Historical analysis using 'keii ga aru'.

Collocations courantes

貧血になる

貧血を起こす

ひどい貧血

貧血気味

貧血の症状

貧血の検査

貧血の改善

慢性的な貧血

スポーツ貧血

貧血の数値

Phrases Courantes

貧血でフラフラする

— Feeling dizzy and unsteady due to anemia.

貧血でフラフラするので座らせてください。

顔色が貧血っぽい

— Looking anemic or pale.

顔色が貧血っぽいけど、大丈夫？

貧血の治療中

— Currently undergoing treatment for anemia.

今は貧血の治療中なので、お酒は控えています。

貧血対策

— Measures to prevent or treat anemia.

貧血対策にプルーンを食べる。

貧血持ち

— Someone who suffers from chronic anemia.

私は昔から貧血持ちなんです。

貧血で目の前が暗くなる

— To have one's vision go dark due to anemia/fainting.

立ち上がった瞬間、貧血で目の前が暗くなった。

貧血がひどくなる

— Anemia getting worse.

無理をすると貧血がひどくなりますよ。

貧血を予防する

— To prevent anemia.

ほうれん草を食べて貧血を予防しましょう。

貧血の薬

— Anemia medicine (usually iron pills).

毎日、貧血の薬を飲んでいます。

貧血と診断される

— To be diagnosed with anemia.

検査の結果、貧血と診断されました。

Souvent confondu avec

貧血 vs 献血 (kenketsu)

Means blood donation. Sounds similar but has the opposite action (giving blood vs. lacking it).

貧血 vs 低血圧 (tei-ketsuatsu)

Low blood pressure. Often has similar symptoms like dizziness, but is a different physiological issue.

貧血 vs めまい (memai)

General dizziness. Hinketsu is a cause, memai is the feeling.

Expressions idiomatiques

"血の気が引く"

— To turn pale from fear or shock.

彼の顔から血の気が引いた。

Idiomatic

"青菜に塩"

— To be crestfallen or looking weak/pitiable (like salted greens).

貧血で倒れた後の彼女は、まるで青菜に塩だった。

Idiomatic

"息も絶え絶え"

— Scarcely breathing; gasping for breath (can describe severe anemic state).

重度の貧血で、彼は息も絶え絶えだった。

Literary

"虫の息"

— On one's last breath; very weak.

貧血がひどくて虫の息だ。

Informal/Exaggerated

"真っ青になる"

— To turn pale/blue (usually from shock, but also sickness).

貧血で顔が真っ青になった。

Neutral

"土気色"

— An ashen, earthy, unhealthy complexion.

貧血のせいで、彼女の顔は土気色をしていた。

Literary

"立ち往生"

— To be at a standstill (can be used if one stops due to dizziness).

貧血で道端で立ち往生してしまった。

Neutral

"虫の居所が悪い"

— To be in a bad mood (sometimes associated with the irritability of anemia).

貧血のせいか、今日は虫の居所が悪い。

Informal

"精根尽き果てる"

— To be completely exhausted.

慢性的な貧血で精根尽き果てた。

Formal

"幽霊のよう"

— Like a ghost (describing a very pale, anemic person).

貧血で顔色が白く、まるで幽霊のようだ。

Informal

Facile à confondre

貧血 vs 貧乏 (binbō)

Shares the 'hin/bin' kanji for poor.

Binbō refers to lack of money; hinketsu refers to lack of blood. You cannot use hinketsu for financial poverty.

貧乏暇なし (No rest for the poor).

貧血 vs 欠乏 (ketsubō)

Sounds like it could be related to blood (ketsu).

Ketsubō means 'deficiency' in general (e.g., iron deficiency).

ビタミン欠乏症 (Vitamin deficiency).

貧血 vs 出血 (shukketsu)

Contains the 'blood' kanji.

Shukketsu is active bleeding; hinketsu is a state of low blood count.

鼻出血 (Nosebleed).

貧血 vs 冷血 (reiketsu)

Contains the 'blood' kanji.

Reiketsu means cold-blooded (personality).

冷血な人間 (A cold-blooded person).

貧血 vs 熱中症 (netchūshō)

Causes fainting like anemia.

Netchūshō is heatstroke; hinketsu is anemia. Both happen at school assemblies.

熱中症で運ばれる (To be taken away due to heatstroke).

Structures de phrases

[Person] は貧血です。

私は貧血です。

[Person] は貧血気味です。

彼女は貧血気味です。

貧血で [Symptom]。

貧血でフラフラします。

貧血を起こす。

朝礼で貧血を起こした。

貧血の数値が [High/Low]。

貧血の数値が低いです。

貧血を改善するために [Action]。

貧血を改善するために鉄分を摂る。

貧血に伴う [Condition]。

貧血に伴う動悸がひどい。

貧血の病態生理を [Action]。

貧血の病態生理を研究する。

Famille de mots

Noms

貧血 (anemia)

脳貧血 (cerebral anemia)

鉄欠乏性貧血 (iron deficiency anemia)

スポーツ貧血 (sports anemia)

Verbes

貧血になる (to become anemic)

貧血を起こす (to suffer an anemic episode)

Adjectifs

貧血気味の (slightly anemic)

貧血性の (anemic - medical)

Apparenté

血液 (blood)

鉄分 (iron content)

ヘモグロビン (hemoglobin)

赤血球 (red blood cell)

立ちくらみ (dizziness when standing)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very common in daily life and medical contexts.

Erreurs courantes

Using 'hinketsu o motte iru' → Hinketsu desu / Hinketsu no shōjō ga aru
Japanese doesn't use 'have' for medical conditions in the same way English does. Use 'is' or 'symptoms exist.'
Confusing 'hinketsu' with 'kenketsu' → Hinketsu (Anemia), Kenketsu (Blood Donation)
They sound similar but mean opposite things regarding blood supply.
Using 'hinketsu' for motion sickness → Kuruma-yoi / Yoi
Hinketsu is blood-related; motion sickness is 'yoi.'
Misreading 貧 as 'bin' in hinketsu → Hinketsu (not Binketsu)
While the kanji is read as 'bin' in binbō, it is 'hin' in hinketsu.
Using 'hinketsu' for a spinning head → Memai
Hinketsu is fainting/weakness; memai is vertigo/spinning.

Astuces

Using -gimi

Add 'gimi' to hinketsu (貧血気味) to say you're 'feeling a bit anemic.' It's a very common and natural way to express mild symptoms.

School Assemblies

If you see someone faint at a Japanese school assembly, the first thing people will suspect is 'hinketsu' or 'netchūshō' (heatstroke).

Verb Choice

Use 'okosu' (起こす) for a sudden episode: 'Hinketsu o okoshita.' This sounds much more native than 'Hinketsu ga atta.'

Health Checkups

In your 'Kenko Shindan' results, look for the 'Hb' (Hemoglobin) section; if it's low, you have 'hinketsu.'

Iron-rich Foods

In Japan, 'reba-nira' (liver and chives) is a popular dish often eaten to combat anemia.

Distinguish from Vertigo

If the room is spinning, use 'memai.' If you just feel like you're going to black out, use 'hinketsu.'

Kanji Meaning

Remembering that 貧 means poor (like binbō) makes it easy to remember that 貧血 is 'poor blood.'

Checking on Others

Asking 'Hinketsu?' when someone looks pale is a common way to show concern in Japan.

Word Family

Learning 'ketsueki' (blood) and 'kenketsu' (donation) alongside 'hinketsu' helps solidify the 'ketsu' kanji.

Pitch Accent

Focus on the 'hin' and let the 'ketsu' follow naturally without a strong accent on the end.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Poor' (貧) person who doesn't have enough 'Blood' (血). They are 'Hin-ketsu.'

Association visuelle

Imagine a pale person holding a nearly empty bag of red liquid (blood). The bag is 'poor' in content.

Word Web

Blood Iron Pale Dizzy Spinach Liver Faint Hospital

Défi

Try to use 'hinketsu' in a sentence explaining why you need to sit down after standing up too fast.

Origine du mot

The word 貧血 is a Sino-Japanese compound (Kango). It was likely coined or popularized during the modernization of medicine in the Meiji era to translate the Western concept of 'anemia.'

Sens originel : Literally 'poor blood' (貧 = poor, 血 = blood).

Japonic (Sino-Japanese vocabulary).

Contexte culturel

While common, avoid assuming someone is anemic just because they are pale; it can be seen as commenting on their appearance.

In the West, people might say 'I'm feeling lightheaded' rather than 'I have anemia' unless they have a medical diagnosis.

Many shojo manga protagonists suffer from 'hinketsu' moments. Health segments on NHK often feature hinketsu prevention. The drink 'Fe-plus' is a famous iron supplement for hinketsu.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Hospital/Clinic

貧血の検査をしたいです。
鉄剤を処方してください。
数値はどうですか？
貧血の原因は何ですか？

School

貧血で保健室に行きます。
朝礼で倒れそうになりました。
貧血気味なので見学します。
先生、貧血です。

Drugstore

貧血に効く薬はありますか？
鉄分のサプリメントを探しています。
これ、貧血にいいですか？
おすすめの鉄分ドリンクは？

Gym/Sports

スポーツ貧血に気をつけて。
最近、すぐ息が切れます。
貧血で力が出ません。
鉄分を多めに摂っています。

Home/Daily Life

立ちくらみがする。
顔色が悪いよ。
貧血かもしれない。
レバーを食べよう。

Amorces de conversation

"「最近、立ちくらみがひどいんだけど、貧血かな？」 (Lately I've been getting bad head rushes, maybe it's anemia?)"

"「健康診断で貧血って言われたことある？」 (Have you ever been told you have anemia at a health check?)"

"「貧血対策に何か食べてるものはある？」 (Are you eating anything specifically to prevent anemia?)"

"「急に立つと貧血っぽくなることない？」 (Do you ever feel anemic when you stand up suddenly?)"

"「貧血で倒れたことってある？」 (Have you ever fainted from anemia?)"

Sujets d'écriture

今日は少し貧血気味で、一日中体がだるかった。 (Today I felt a bit anemic and my body was sluggish all day.)

健康診断の結果が返ってきた。貧血の数値が改善していて嬉しかった。 (My health check results came back. I was happy the anemia levels improved.)

貧血を治すために、明日からレバーやほうれん草をたくさん食べようと思う。 (To cure my anemia, I think I'll eat lots of liver and spinach starting tomorrow.)

駅の階段で貧血を起こしそうになった。無理は禁物だ。 (I almost had an anemic episode on the station stairs. I shouldn't overdo it.)

友達が貧血で倒れたと聞いて心配になった。 (I was worried to hear my friend fainted from anemia.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, it is used very commonly in daily life to describe feeling dizzy or faint, even without a formal diagnosis. People often say 'hinketsu da' when they feel a head rush.

Hinketsu is the general term for anemia or fainting, while tachi-kurami is specifically the dizziness felt when standing up. People often use hinketsu to describe tachi-kurami, though.

You should say 'Hinketsu desu' or 'Hinketsu no shōjō ga arimasu.' Avoid saying 'Hinketsu o motte imasu,' as it sounds like a direct translation from English.

Yes, absolutely. While it is statistically more common in discussions about women's health, men also suffer from anemia and use the word.

Liver (reba), spinach (hōrensō), and hiziki (seaweed) are the top three foods Japanese people recommend for treating anemia.

It depends on the context. In a hospital, it's a medical condition. In a school, it's a common reason to sit out of gym class. It's generally not a 'scary' word.

It's a type of anemia caused by intense physical activity, common in runners because the impact of feet on the ground can break red blood cells.

No, that is 'tei-ketsuatsu.' However, because the symptoms are similar, people sometimes confuse the two in casual speech.

It is written as 貧血. 貧 (poor) and 血 (blood).

Not really, but people might use 'kurakura' (dizzy onomatopoeia) to describe the feeling instead of the noun.

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