発汗する

§ Understanding 発汗する (hakkan suru)

The Japanese verb 発汗する (hakkan suru) means 'to sweat' or 'to perspire'. It's a bit more formal than just saying 汗をかく (ase o kaku), which also means 'to sweat'. Think of 発汗する as something you might read in a newspaper or a health article, whereas 汗をかく is what you'd use in everyday conversation. Both are correct, but 発汗する carries a slightly more technical or medical nuance.

§ Basic Conjugation of 発汗する

発汗する is a する (suru) verb, which makes its conjugation pretty straightforward. If you know how to conjugate する, you're all set.

Present/Future (Dictionary Form)

発汗する (hakkan suru) - to sweat

Present/Future (Polite Form)

発汗します (hakkan shimasu) - sweat

Past (Plain Form)

発汗した (hakkan shita) - sweated

Past (Polite Form)

発汗しました (hakkan shimashita) - sweated

Negative (Plain Form)

発汗しない (hakkan shinai) - do not sweat

Negative (Polite Form)

発汗しません (hakkan shimasen) - do not sweat

§ How to use it in a sentence

When using 発汗する, you generally don't need any special prepositions directly with the verb itself, as it functions as a complete verb. However, you might use particles to indicate the cause of sweating or the context in which it occurs.

Let's look at some examples:

Here, 運動すると (undou suru to) means 'when you exercise'. The particle と (to) indicates a natural consequence. The verb 発汗します is used politely.

In this example, 緊張で (kinchou de) uses the particle で (de) to indicate the cause or reason for sweating (nervousness). 発汗した is the plain past form.

Here, たくさん (takusan) means 'a lot', modifying how much one sweats. The phrase ことができます (koto ga dekimasu) indicates ability – 'can sweat'.

§ Common Phrases and Nuances

• 過剰な発汗 (kajou na hakkan): This phrase means 'excessive sweating'. You might see it in medical contexts or when discussing health. 過剰 (kajou) means excessive or surplus.

• 発汗作用 (hakkan sayou): This refers to 'diaphoretic action' or the 'action of sweating'. This is a more scientific or technical term.

  この薬には発汗作用があります。(This medicine has a diaphoretic action.)

• While 発汗する focuses simply on the act of sweating, 汗をかく (ase o kaku) can sometimes imply the sweat itself, like 'to produce sweat'. The core meaning is similar, but the usage context might shift slightly. For everyday conversation, 汗をかく is generally more common. However, for a slightly more formal or descriptive tone, 発汗する is excellent.

§ Key Takeaways

• 発汗する is a formal verb for 'to sweat' or 'to perspire'.

• It's a する verb, making its conjugation simple.

• You can use particles like で (de) to indicate the cause of sweating.

• While 汗をかく is more common in daily talk, 発汗する is great for more formal or descriptive contexts.

§ Understanding 発汗する (hakkan suru) in Real Life

Alright, let's talk about 発汗する (hakkan suru), which means 'to sweat' or 'to perspire'. You might not hear this exact word every single day in casual conversation, but it's super useful for specific situations, especially when you're talking about health, exercise, or even the weather in a slightly more formal way. Think of it as the more technical, sometimes more polite, way to say 'to sweat'.

§ Where You'll Hear It: Work, School, News

You're less likely to hear a friend say, 「今、発汗しているよ！」 (I'm sweating right now!) unless they're being funny. Instead, it pops up in contexts where a more precise or formal term is needed. Let's break down where you'll actually encounter this word.

• Medical and Health Discussions: This is probably the most common place. Doctors, nurses, and health professionals will use 発汗する. If you're reading about health conditions, exercise science, or even a news report about a heatwave, you'll definitely see it.
• Exercise and Sports: When discussing physical activity, especially in a gym setting, a coach's advice, or an article about fitness, 発汗する is a common term. It sounds more professional than just saying 汗をかく (ase o kaku), which is the more common, informal way to say 'to sweat'.
• Weather Reports and Public Service Announcements: During hot summer months, you might hear or read about the importance of hydration due to significant 発汗する. These public announcements tend to use more formal language.
• Science and Academic Settings: If you're reading a textbook or an academic paper (even a basic one) about human physiology, biology, or environmental studies, 発汗する will be the go-to word.

§ Examples in Context

DEFINITION

To sweat; to perspire.

HINT

After intense exercise, it's normal to sweat a lot.

HINT

This medicine may promote sweating as a side effect.

HINT

On hot summer days, regular hydration and appropriate sweating are necessary to prevent heatstroke.

Notice how in the examples, especially the last two, the noun form 発汗 (hakkan) is used more commonly in these contexts. When you see 発汗する, remember it's the verb form, meaning 'to sweat'. The meaning is the same, but the usage can feel a bit more formal or technical.

§ Don't confuse it with just 'sweating'

Many English speakers learning Japanese tend to directly translate 'to sweat' as something very simple. While 発汗する (hakkan suru) does mean 'to sweat' or 'to perspire', it often carries a slightly more formal or medical nuance than a casual 'I'm sweating' in English. Think of it as 'perspiring' rather than just 'sweating buckets' after a jog.

§ Using it in casual conversation

Because 発汗する (hakkan suru) has a slightly more formal or technical feel, using it in very casual, everyday situations can sound a bit stiff or unnatural. Imagine saying 'I am perspiring profusely' when you've just finished a quick walk. It's not wrong, but it's not how most people would express it.

Hint

After the training, my body perspired.

This sentence is perfectly fine, especially when talking about physical activity in a slightly more formal context, like in a health report or a fitness blog. But if you're just chatting with a friend about being hot, you'd likely use 汗をかいた (ase o kaita).

§ Incorrect particles or verb forms

Since 発汗する (hakkan suru) is a する (suru) verb, it functions similarly to other verbs ending in する. This means it can be conjugated in various ways, but sometimes learners make mistakes with the particles or the verb form itself. Remember that 発汗 (hakkan) is the noun 'perspiration' or 'sweating', and adding する (suru) turns it into a verb.

• Incorrect: 私は発汗をしました。(Watashi wa hakkan o shimashita.) - While grammatically understandable, it's not the most natural way to say it.

• Correct: 私は発汗しました。(Watashi wa hakkan shimashita.) - This is the standard past tense form.

Hint

She started to perspire due to nervousness.

Here, 発汗し始めた (hakkan shi hajimeta) is the correct way to say 'started to perspire', using the て-form of する (shite) combined with 始める (hajimeru).

§ Overusing it in contexts where 'sweat' is a symptom or side effect

When describing sweating as a symptom of an illness or a side effect of medication, 発汗する (hakkan suru) can be appropriate. However, if the context is very common or general (e.g., 'I get night sweats'), 汗をかく (ase o kaku) or just 汗が出る (ase ga deru - sweat comes out) might still be more natural.

Hint

This medicine may cause perspiration as a side effect.

In a medical context like this, 発汗 (hakkan) as a noun, often paired with を引き起こす (o hikiokosu - to cause), is perfectly natural and expected.

§ Not understanding the nuance of 'suru' verbs

Remember that many Japanese verbs are formed by taking a noun and adding する (suru). This structure is very common. Understanding this fundamental pattern for verbs like 発汗する (hakkan suru) helps you recognize similar verbs and use them correctly.

Noun + する examples

• 勉強 (benkyō - study) + する = 勉強する (benkyō suru - to study)
• 運動 (undō - exercise) + する = 運動する (undō suru - to exercise)
• 準備 (junbi - preparation) + する = 準備する (junbi suru - to prepare)

Just like these examples, 発汗する (hakkan suru) follows the same pattern. The key is to remember when to use the more formal 発汗する versus the more common 汗をかく.