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B1 noun #3,000 le plus courant 13 min de lecture

지연

jiyeon
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 지연 en 30 secondes
Explication 지연 in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 지연 (delay) is introduced as a basic vocabulary item related to transportation and schedules. Beginners learning Korean need to recognize this word primarily for survival purposes, such as navigating airports, train stations, and bus terminals. When you are traveling in Korea, you might look at a departure board and see the word 지연 written in red next to your flight or train number. This simply means that your transport is not leaving on time. At this stage, you do not need to worry about complex grammar structures. You just need to know that 지연 means 'late' or 'delayed' for things like planes, trains, and buses. You will often hear it paired with the verb 되다, making 지연되다 (to be delayed). For example, '비행기가 지연되었어요' means 'The flight is delayed.' It is a very practical word that helps you understand announcements and adjust your travel plans accordingly. Learning to spot this word can save you a lot of confusion and stress when navigating public transit in a new country. It is one of the most important travel-related words to memorize early on.
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At the A2 level, learners begin to use 지연 in slightly more complex sentences and broader contexts beyond just transportation. You will start to see it used in everyday situations like online shopping and basic scheduling. For instance, if you order something online, you might receive a message saying '배송 지연' (delivery delay). You will also learn to express the duration of the delay using time words, such as '10분 지연' (10-minute delay) or '1시간 지연' (1-hour delay). At this level, you should be comfortable using the passive form 지연되다 in the past and present progressive tenses. For example, '기차가 20분 지연되고 있어요' (The train is currently being delayed by 20 minutes). You will also start to learn basic reasons for delays, using simple cause-and-effect grammar like '눈 때문에' (because of snow) or '비 때문에' (because of rain). '눈 때문에 비행기가 지연되었어요' (The flight was delayed because of snow). Understanding and using these simple structures allows you to communicate more effectively about changes in plans and understand basic announcements and notifications in your daily life in Korea.
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At the B1 level, 지연 becomes a crucial vocabulary word for professional and formal communication. You are expected to use it accurately in business contexts, emails, and formal apologies. The focus shifts from merely understanding announcements to actively communicating about delays. You will learn to use more formal grammar structures to explain the causes of delays, such as '-(으)로 인해' (due to). For example, '기상 악화로 인해 출발이 지연되었습니다' (Departure is delayed due to bad weather). You will also learn compound nouns like 업무 지연 (work delay), 결제 지연 (payment delay), and 도착 지연 (arrival delay). A key skill at this level is knowing how to apologize politely for a delay using formal language, such as '지연되어 죄송합니다' (I apologize for the delay). Furthermore, you must clearly distinguish between 지연 (delay) and 연기 (postponement), ensuring you use the correct term in professional settings to avoid misunderstandings. Mastery of 지연 at the B1 level demonstrates your ability to handle unexpected situations and communicate schedule changes professionally and politely in a Korean work or formal environment.
At the B2 level, your understanding of 지연 expands to include abstract, administrative, and legal contexts. You will encounter the word in news reports, official documents, and complex discussions about systems and processes. You will learn terms like 지연 이자 (delay interest/late fee), which is the financial penalty for late payments, and 재판 지연 (trial delay) in legal contexts. At this stage, you should be comfortable using the active form, 지연시키다 (to cause a delay), to discuss accountability and intentional hold-ups. For example, '행정 절차가 프로젝트를 지연시키고 있다' (Administrative procedures are delaying the project). You will also encounter it in medical or developmental contexts, such as 발달 지연 (developmental delay). Your ability to comprehend news articles discussing the economic impact of logistics delays (물류 지연) or political debates about delayed legislation demonstrates a high level of fluency. You should be able to debate the causes and consequences of delays using sophisticated vocabulary and complex sentence structures, showing a deep understanding of how delays impact various sectors of society.
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At the C1 level, 지연 is used with near-native fluency, incorporating nuanced synonyms and advanced idiomatic expressions. You will easily distinguish between subtle variations like 지연 (delay), 지체 (stalling/sluggishness), 보류 (suspension), and 유보 (withholding). You can read and write complex professional reports, legal contracts, and academic papers where precise terminology regarding timelines is critical. In formal writing, you will use advanced grammatical structures to discuss the systemic causes of delays and propose solutions. For instance, you might write, '공급망의 구조적 결함이 만성적인 납기 지연을 초래하고 있다' (Structural flaws in the supply chain are causing chronic delivery delays). You understand the cultural weight of delays in Korea's fast-paced society and can navigate the delicate social protocols required when a significant delay occurs in a high-stakes business negotiation. You can also comprehend literary or journalistic metaphors where delay is used to represent broader societal stagnation, such as '정의의 지연' (the delay of justice). Your use of the word is precise, contextually flawless, and sophisticated.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 지연 is absolute, reflecting a deep, intuitive understanding of the Korean language and culture. You can effortlessly employ the word in highly specialized fields, such as advanced jurisprudence, macroeconomics, or complex IT infrastructure discussions (e.g., 네트워크 지연 시간 - network latency time). You can craft elegant, persuasive arguments regarding the philosophical or ethical implications of delays in public policy or justice. You understand historical and literary references to time and delay, and can play with the language to create rhetorical effect. For example, you might analyze the phrase '지연된 정의는 정의가 아니다' (Justice delayed is justice denied) within the context of Korean legal history. You can seamlessly switch between native Korean terms, Sino-Korean formal words, and industry-specific loanwords depending on the exact register and audience required. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, 지연 is not just a vocabulary word; it is a concept that you can manipulate and discuss with the same nuance, authority, and eloquence as a highly educated native speaker.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

지연 en 30 secondes

  • Means 'delay' in formal contexts.
  • Used heavily in transportation and business.
  • Usually passive: 지연되다 (to be delayed).
  • Different from 연기 (postponement).
The Korean word 지연 (ji-yeon) is a formal noun that translates to 'delay' in English. Understanding this word is absolutely essential for anyone traveling to South Korea, doing business with Korean companies, or simply navigating daily life in a Korean-speaking environment. When we talk about a situation in which something happens later than it should, we are talking about 지연. This concept is deeply embedded in modern society, where punctuality is highly valued and any deviation from a schedule can cause significant disruptions. In the context of transportation, for instance, a flight delay or a train delay is a common occurrence that affects millions of passengers every year. The word is composed of two Hanja characters: 遲 (ji), meaning 'slow' or 'late', and 延 (yeon), meaning 'to stretch' or 'to prolong'. Together, they perfectly encapsulate the idea of time being stretched out, resulting in lateness.

비행기 출발이 지연되었습니다.

As you can see in the example, it is frequently used with the passive verb 되다 (to become), forming 지연되다 (to be delayed). This passive construction is crucial because delays are usually caused by external factors—such as bad weather, technical issues, or administrative backlogs—rather than the intentional action of the speaker.
Transportation Context
Used heavily in airports and train stations to announce late departures or arrivals.
When you are waiting at Incheon International Airport and you hear an announcement over the loudspeaker, the word 지연 is one of the most important keywords to listen for. It tells you that your schedule needs to be adjusted. Beyond transportation, 지연 is heavily utilized in the business world. Project management relies heavily on strict deadlines, and any 업무 지연 (work delay) can have cascading effects on an entire organization.

프로젝트 마감이 지연될 것 같습니다.

In these professional settings, communicating a delay promptly and politely is a key business skill. You might write an email apologizing for the 배송 지연 (delivery delay) or explaining the reasons behind a 결제 지연 (payment delay).
Business Context
Essential for communicating schedule changes, missed deadlines, or logistical issues in a corporate environment.
The cultural attitude towards delays in Korea is also worth noting. South Korea is known for its '빨리빨리' (ppalli-ppalli, meaning hurry-hurry) culture, which emphasizes speed, efficiency, and punctuality. Therefore, a 지연 is generally viewed quite negatively and is often accompanied by formal apologies.

열차 지연으로 불편을 드려 죄송합니다.

This standard apology is something you will hear repeatedly if you experience a disruption on the KTX or the Seoul Metro. The emphasis is always on acknowledging the inconvenience caused by the delay. In legal and administrative contexts, 지연 takes on a more serious tone. For example, 지연 이자 (delay interest or late fee) refers to the financial penalty incurred when a payment is not made on time.

대금 지급 지연에 따른 이자가 발생했습니다.

This highlights the financial consequences of failing to meet a deadline. Similarly, in the judicial system, 재판 지연 (trial delay) is a significant issue that affects the delivery of justice.
Legal Context
Used to describe late payments, overdue administrative processes, and the resulting penalties.
Finally, in the digital age, the word has found new life in the realm of technology and gaming. Network latency or 'lag' is often translated as 네트워크 지연.

네트워크 지연으로 인해 게임이 끊깁니다.

Whether you are a traveler, a professional, a student, or a gamer, mastering the word 지연 and its various applications will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Korean. It is a word that bridges the gap between everyday inconveniences and complex systemic issues, making it a highly versatile and indispensable part of your Korean vocabulary arsenal.
Using the word 지연 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical properties and common collocations. As a noun, it cannot function as a verb on its own. Instead, it must be combined with a verb, most commonly 되다 (to become) or 시키다 (to make/cause). This distinction between passive and active usage is fundamental to mastering the word. The passive form, 지연되다, is by far the most common way you will encounter and use this word in daily life. It means 'to be delayed' and is used when a delay happens due to circumstances outside of direct control, such as weather, traffic, or systemic issues.

폭설로 인해 배송이 지연되고 있습니다.

In this sentence, the delivery is delayed because of heavy snow. The speaker is not actively delaying the delivery; it is happening to the delivery process.
Passive Usage
Use 지연되다 when the subject is the thing being delayed, such as a flight, a meeting, or a project.
On the other hand, the active form, 지연시키다, means 'to delay something' or 'to cause a delay'. This is used when a person, group, or specific action is actively holding up a process.

일부 의원들이 법안 통과를 지연시켰습니다.

Here, the politicians are actively causing the delay of the bill's passage. This form is often found in news reports, political commentary, or business contexts where accountability is being discussed. Another very common way to use 지연 is as a modifier noun attached directly to another noun. This creates compound nouns that describe specific types of delays. For example, 출발 지연 means 'departure delay', 도착 지연 means 'arrival delay', and 결제 지연 means 'payment delay'.

출발 지연에 대한 보상을 받을 수 있나요?

This compound noun structure is extremely efficient and is the standard format used in official announcements, signage, and formal documentation.
Compound Nouns
Attach 지연 to the end of a process noun (like 출발, 도착, 배송) to specify what is being delayed.
When expressing the duration of a delay, you simply place the time period before the word 지연, often with the particle 만큼 (as much as) or just directly. For example, 1시간 지연 (a one-hour delay) or 30분 지연 (a 30-minute delay).

기차가 약 20분 지연 도착할 예정입니다.

Notice how 지연 can also act as an adverbial modifier in phrases like 지연 도착하다 (to arrive delayed). This flexibility makes it a powerful tool in your vocabulary. It is also important to know how to apologize for a delay. The standard phrase is 지연되어 죄송합니다 (I am sorry it is delayed) or, more formally, 지연으로 인해 불편을 드려 죄송합니다 (We apologize for the inconvenience caused by the delay).

답변이 지연되어 대단히 죄송합니다.

This phrase is a staple in customer service emails and public announcements.
Apologizing
Always pair 지연 with formal apology verbs like 죄송하다 or 사과드리다 in professional contexts.
By mastering these different structures—passive, active, compound nouns, time expressions, and apologies—you will be able to use 지연 with the confidence and precision of a native Korean speaker, ensuring your communication remains clear and polite even when things don't go according to plan.
The word 지연 is ubiquitous in South Korea, a country that operates on tight schedules and highly efficient infrastructure. You will hear and see this word in a wide variety of contexts, ranging from public transportation hubs to corporate boardrooms, and from online shopping platforms to legal documents. The most common and immediate place you will encounter 지연 is at airports, train stations, and bus terminals. South Korea's transportation networks, such as the KTX (Korea Train eXpress) and the Incheon International Airport, are renowned for their punctuality. Therefore, when a delay does occur, it is clearly and repeatedly announced.

안내 말씀 드립니다. 부산행 KTX 열차가 10분 지연되고 있습니다.

You will see it on digital departure boards glowing in red text, and you will hear it echoing over the PA systems.
Public Transit
Look for the word 지연 on electronic signboards at bus stops and subway stations when there is traffic or a technical issue.
Another major area where 지연 is frequently used is in e-commerce and logistics. South Korea has one of the fastest delivery infrastructures in the world, with services like 'Rocket Delivery' guaranteeing next-day or even same-day arrival. Because expectations are so high, any disruption is immediately communicated to the customer using the term 배송 지연 (delivery delay).

주문하신 상품의 배송이 택배사 사정으로 지연되고 있습니다.

You will receive KakaoTalk messages or SMS notifications with this exact phrasing if your package is held up. In the corporate world, 지연 is a critical vocabulary word for project management, finance, and administration. Meetings, project milestones, and payments are all subject to strict timelines. If a team fails to meet a deadline, they must report an 업무 지연 (work delay).

협력업체의 문제로 인해 전체 프로젝트 일정이 지연되었습니다.

In financial contexts, late payments trigger a 지연 이자 (late fee or delay interest), which is a formal term used in banking and contracts.
Corporate Communications
Used in emails, reports, and meetings to discuss schedule changes, bottlenecks, and financial penalties for late payments.
The medical and developmental fields also utilize this word, albeit in a slightly different context. 발달 지연 (developmental delay) is a clinical term used by pediatricians and therapists to describe a child who is not reaching developmental milestones at the expected age.

아이가 언어 발달 지연 증상을 보이고 있습니다.

This demonstrates the word's versatility beyond just schedules and transportation. Finally, in the realm of technology and gaming, which is a massive part of Korean culture, 지연 is used to describe network latency or lag. Gamers and IT professionals frequently talk about 네트워크 지연 (network delay) or 응답 지연 (response delay).

서버 접속자가 많아 응답 지연이 발생하고 있습니다.

When a popular website crashes or slows down due to high traffic, the error message will often cite 지연 as the issue.
IT and Gaming
Used to describe ping, lag, server timeouts, and slow loading speeds in digital environments.
From the physical world of trains and packages to the digital world of servers and emails, 지연 is a word that accurately captures the friction of modern life. Recognizing it in these various contexts will help you navigate Korean society much more smoothly.
While 지연 is a straightforward concept, learners of Korean often make several common mistakes when trying to use it. The most frequent error involves confusing 지연 with other words related to time management, specifically 연기 (postponement) and 취소 (cancellation). While all three words deal with disrupted schedules, their meanings are distinctly different. 지연 means that something is still happening, but later than originally planned. It is a delay. 연기, on the other hand, means that an event has been officially rescheduled to a completely different date or time. It is a postponement.

회의가 30분 지연되었습니다. (The meeting is delayed by 30 minutes.)

회의가 내일로 연기되었습니다. (The meeting is postponed to tomorrow.)

Using 지연 when you mean 연기 can cause significant confusion in a business setting.
지연 vs. 연기
지연 implies a temporary hold-up where people are still waiting. 연기 implies a formal rescheduling where people can leave and come back later.
Another major mistake is the incorrect use of active versus passive verbs. As mentioned earlier, delays are usually external events that happen to a subject. Therefore, the passive form 지연되다 is the correct choice in 95% of everyday situations. Learners sometimes incorrectly use the active form 지연하다 or 지연시키다 when talking about their own flights or packages.

비행기가 지연되었습니다. (Correct: The flight was delayed.)

If you say 비행기가 지연시켰습니다, it sounds nonsensical, as if the flight itself actively delayed something else. A third common mistake is using 지연 to describe a person being late. In English, you might say 'I am delayed in traffic.' In Korean, you cannot say '제가 지연되었습니다.' This sounds extremely unnatural, as if you are a train or a package. For people being late, you must use the adjective 늦다 (to be late) or the verb 지각하다 (to arrive late).

차가 막혀서 늦을 것 같아요. (I think I will be late because of traffic.)

People vs. Things
지연 is used for events, transportation, and processes. 늦다 is used for people.
Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the particles used with 지연. When stating the cause of the delay, the particle -(으)로 인해 (due to) or 때문에 (because of) is used.

날씨 때문에 출발이 지연되고 있습니다.

Do not use subjective particles like 가 or 이 for the cause. Lastly, there is a tendency to overuse the English loanword '딜레이' (delay). While '딜레이' is understood and used in casual conversation or specific IT contexts (like audio delay or gaming lag), it is not appropriate for formal writing, official announcements, or professional emails. In any formal context, you must use the native Sino-Korean word 지연.
Register and Tone
Avoid using '딜레이' in business emails or formal apologies; stick to 지연 to maintain a professional tone.
By avoiding these common pitfalls—confusing it with postponement, misusing active/passive forms, applying it to people, messing up particles, and relying on loanwords—you will sound much more fluent and natural.
To fully grasp the nuances of 지연, it is highly beneficial to compare it with similar words in the Korean vocabulary. The Korean language is rich with synonyms and related terms that describe various forms of lateness, stalling, and rescheduling. Understanding these subtle differences will elevate your Korean from intermediate to advanced. The most closely related word is 지체 (ji-che). 지체 also translates to 'delay' or 'stalling', but it carries a slightly different nuance. While 지연 is often used for official schedules and transportation (like a flight delay), 지체 is more commonly used to describe a process or movement that is slowed down or bogged down, often due to inefficiency or physical obstruction.

교통 체증으로 인해 차량 이동이 지체되고 있습니다.

In this example, the traffic is causing the movement of cars to be sluggish and delayed.
지연 vs. 지체
지연 focuses on the timeline being pushed back. 지체 focuses on the sluggishness or stalling of an ongoing process or movement.
Another crucial word to distinguish is 연기 (yeon-gi), which means 'postponement'. As discussed in the Common Mistakes section, 연기 implies a deliberate decision to move an event to a later, specified time, whereas 지연 is usually an unexpected hold-up.

비가 와서 야외 행사가 다음 주로 연기되었습니다.

The word 미루다 (mi-ru-da) is a native Korean verb meaning 'to put off' or 'to delay'. This is an active verb used when a person intentionally decides to do something later. It is much more casual and personal than 지연.

숙제를 내일로 미루지 마세요.

You would use 미루다 for procrastinating on homework or pushing back a casual lunch date, but you would not use it for a train schedule.
지연 vs. 미루다
지연 is a formal noun for systemic delays. 미루다 is a casual verb for personal procrastination or putting things off.
In the context of administrative or legal matters, you might encounter the word 보류 (bo-ryu), which means 'holding off' or 'suspension'. This is used when a decision or action is temporarily stopped until further notice.

그 안건은 다음 회의 때까지 보류하기로 했습니다.

A project might experience a 지연 (delay) because a key decision was 보류 (put on hold). Finally, the English loanword 딜레이 (delay) is frequently used in casual spoken Korean, especially among younger generations and in specific industries like IT, gaming, and audio engineering.

인터넷에 약간 딜레이가 있는 것 같아.

While 딜레이 means exactly the same thing as 지연, its register is much lower. You would use 딜레이 when chatting with friends about a lagging video game, but you must use 지연 when writing a formal report about network latency.
Native vs. Loanword
지연 is formal and professional. 딜레이 is casual and technical.
By mapping out these similar words—지체 (stalling), 연기 (postponement), 미루다 (putting off), 보류 (suspension), and 딜레이 (casual delay)—you create a comprehensive web of vocabulary that allows you to express the exact nature of any schedule disruption in Korean.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Noun + (으)로 인해 (due to)

Verb + 아/어서 죄송하다 (sorry because)

Passive verbs (되다 vs 하다)

Time duration + 지연

Noun + 때문에 (because of)

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Exemples par niveau

1

비행기가 지연되었어요.

The flight is delayed.

지연되다 (to be delayed) in the past/perfect tense.

2

기차가 지연입니다.

The train is delayed.

Noun + 이다 (to be).

3

버스가 10분 지연되었어요.

The bus is delayed by 10 minutes.

Time duration + 지연되다.

4

지연이 있어요?

Is there a delay?

지연 + 이 (subject particle) + 있다 (to exist).

5

오늘 비행기 지연이 많아요.

There are many flight delays today.

많다 (to be many) used with 지연.

6

출발이 지연되었어요.

The departure is delayed.

출발 (departure) + 지연되다.

7

도착이 지연됩니다.

The arrival will be delayed.

Formal present/future tense (됩니다).

8

눈 때문에 지연되었어요.

It was delayed because of snow.

Noun + 때문에 (because of).

1

택배 배송이 하루 지연될 거예요.

The package delivery will be delayed by one day.

Future tense: -ㄹ 거예요.

2

비가 많이 와서 비행기가 지연되고 있어요.

Because it's raining a lot, the flight is currently delayed.

Present progressive: -고 있다.

3

회의 시간이 30분 지연되었습니다.

The meeting time has been delayed by 30 minutes.

Formal past tense: -았습니다/었습니다.

4

지연 안내 방송이 나오고 있어요.

The delay announcement is being broadcast.

Compound noun: 지연 안내 (delay announcement).

5

차가 막혀서 도착이 지연될 것 같아요.

I think the arrival will be delayed because of traffic.

Conjecture: -ㄹ 것 같다 (it seems like).

6

결제가 지연되어서 죄송합니다.

I am sorry that the payment is delayed.

Reason + -아/어서 죄송하다 (sorry because...).

7

지연 없이 정시에 출발했습니다.

It departed on time without delay.

지연 없이 (without delay).

8

행사 시작이 조금 지연되고 있습니다.

The start of the event is being slightly delayed.

조금 (a little) modifying the verb.

1

기상 악화로 인해 항공기 출발이 지연되고 있습니다.

Aircraft departure is being delayed due to bad weather.

Formal cause: Noun + (으)로 인해.

2

업무 지연을 막기 위해 야근을 해야 합니다.

We have to work overtime to prevent work delays.

Purpose: Verb + 기 위해 (in order to).

3

열차 지연으로 불편을 드려 대단히 죄송합니다.

We sincerely apologize for the inconvenience caused by the train delay.

Formal apology structure commonly used in public announcements.

4

프로젝트 마감일이 일주일 정도 지연될 것으로 예상됩니다.

The project deadline is expected to be delayed by about a week.

Passive expectation: -ㄹ 것으로 예상되다.

5

서류 제출이 지연되면 불이익을 받을 수 있습니다.

If the document submission is delayed, you may face disadvantages.

Conditional: -(으)면 (if).

6

부품 공급 지연으로 생산에 차질이 생겼습니다.

A disruption in production occurred due to a delay in parts supply.

Compound noun phrase: 부품 공급 지연 (parts supply delay).

7

지연 사유를 고객들에게 신속하게 안내해 주세요.

Please promptly inform the customers of the reason for the delay.

지연 사유 (reason for delay).

8

네트워크 지연 현상 때문에 게임 접속이 끊겼습니다.

The game connection was lost due to network delay (lag).

현상 (phenomenon) added to describe a recurring issue.

1

행정 처리 지연은 시민들의 큰 불만을 초래하고 있습니다.

The delay in administrative processing is causing great dissatisfaction among citizens.

초래하다 (to cause/bring about) used with negative outcomes.

2

대금 지급이 지연될 경우, 연 5%의 지연 이자가 발생합니다.

In the event of a delayed payment, a delay interest of 5% per annum will be incurred.

지연 이자 (delay interest/late fee).

3

야당의 필리버스터로 인해 법안 통과가 의도적으로 지연되었습니다.

The passage of the bill was intentionally delayed due to the opposition party's filibuster.

Active/Intentional delay: 의도적으로 지연되다.

4

항공사는 지연 보상 규정에 따라 승객들에게 숙박을 제공해야 합니다.

The airline must provide accommodation to passengers according to the delay compensation regulations.

지연 보상 규정 (delay compensation regulations).

5

아이의 언어 발달 지연이 의심된다면 전문가의 상담을 받아보세요.

If you suspect a language developmental delay in your child, consult an expert.

Medical context: 발달 지연 (developmental delay).

6

협력업체의 파업이 전체 공정 지연의 주된 원인으로 지목되었습니다.

The strike by the subcontractor was pointed out as the main cause of the overall process delay.

주된 원인으로 지목되다 (to be pointed out as the main cause).

7

불필요한 규제가 혁신 기술의 상용화를 지연시키고 있다는 비판이 있습니다.

There is criticism that unnecessary regulations are delaying the commercialization of innovative technologies.

Active verb: 지연시키다 (to delay something).

8

서버 응답 지연 시간을 최소화하기 위해 시스템을 업그레이드했습니다.

We upgraded the system to minimize server response delay time.

IT context: 응답 지연 시간 (response delay time / latency).

1

사법부의 만성적인 재판 지연은 헌법이 보장한 신속한 재판을 받을 권리를 침해하는 것입니다.

The judiciary's chronic trial delays infringe upon the constitutional right to a speedy trial.

Advanced legal terminology and complex sentence structure.

2

글로벌 공급망 병목 현상으로 인한 물류 지연이 인플레이션 압력을 가중시키고 있습니다.

Logistics delays caused by global supply chain bottlenecks are exacerbating inflationary pressures.

Macroeconomic vocabulary: 물류 지연 (logistics delay).

3

초기 대응 지연이 결국 호미로 막을 것을 가래로 막게 한 격이 되었습니다.

The delay in the initial response ultimately resulted in a situation where a stitch in time would have saved nine.

Use of a traditional Korean proverb to emphasize the consequence of delay.

4

경영진의 의사결정 지연은 급변하는 시장 환경에서 기업의 경쟁력을 약화시키는 치명적인 요인입니다.

The delay in decision-making by management is a fatal factor that weakens the company's competitiveness in a rapidly changing market environment.

Advanced business register: 의사결정 지연 (decision-making delay).

5

해당 프로젝트는 예산 확보 문제로 인해 무기한 지연될 위기에 처해 있습니다.

The project is in danger of being delayed indefinitely due to issues with securing the budget.

무기한 지연되다 (to be delayed indefinitely).

6

백신 접종 지연에 대한 정부의 안일한 대처가 국민적 공분을 사고 있습니다.

The government's complacent response to the delay in vaccine rollouts is drawing public outrage.

Expressing public sentiment and political critique.

7

지연 손해금 청구 소송에서 원고 측은 피고의 고의적인 계약 불이행을 입증해야 합니다.

In a lawsuit claiming damages for delay, the plaintiff must prove the defendant's intentional breach of contract.

Highly specific legal jargon: 지연 손해금 (damages for delay).

8

탄소 중립 목표 달성을 위한 정책 실행 지연은 미래 세대에게 돌이킬 수 없는 재앙을 안겨줄 것입니다.

The delay in implementing policies to achieve carbon neutrality will bring irreversible disaster to future generations.

Environmental and policy discourse.

1

지연된 정의는 정의가 아니라는 법언은, 사법 절차의 신속성이 실체적 진실 규명만큼이나 중요함을 역설합니다.

The legal maxim 'justice delayed is justice denied' emphasizes that the swiftness of judicial procedures is as important as the establishment of substantive truth.

Philosophical and jurisprudential discourse.

2

관료주의적 적폐로 인한 행정 지연은 국가 경쟁력을 갉아먹는 보이지 않는 암세포와 같습니다.

Administrative delays caused by bureaucratic deep-rooted evils are like invisible cancer cells gnawing away at national competitiveness.

Use of strong metaphors (암세포) and advanced political critique (적폐).

3

그의 소설에서 '지연'이라는 모티프는 현대인의 실존적 불안과 목적 상실을 은유적으로 드러내는 장치로 기능한다.

In his novel, the motif of 'delay' functions as a device that metaphorically reveals the existential anxiety and loss of purpose of modern people.

Literary analysis and academic critique.

4

양자 간의 팽팽한 기싸움으로 협상이 지연되면서, 결국 양측 모두 막대한 매몰 비용을 떠안게 되었습니다.

As the negotiations were delayed due to a tense psychological battle between the two parties, both sides ultimately had to bear massive sunk costs.

Advanced economic and negotiation terminology (매몰 비용 - sunk costs).

5

기술적 한계로 인한 상용화 지연을 극복하기 위해 산학연 연계의 패러다임 전환이 시급히 요구되는 시점입니다.

To overcome the delay in commercialization due to technical limitations, a paradigm shift in industry-academia-research linkage is urgently required at this juncture.

Formal academic and policy proposal language.

6

채무 불이행에 따른 지연배상금 산정 기준을 둘러싸고 대법원 전원합의체의 치열한 법리 공방이 예상됩니다.

A fierce legal battle in the Supreme Court en banc is expected over the criteria for calculating delay compensation due to default.

Supreme Court level legal terminology (전원합의체, 지연배상금).

7

역사적 청산의 지연은 가해자에게는 면죄부를, 피해자에게는 영구적인 트라우마를 남기는 결과를 초래했다.

The delay in historical reckoning resulted in granting an indulgence to the perpetrators and leaving permanent trauma for the victims.

Historical and sociological analysis.

8

우주 탐사 프로젝트의 발사 지연은 천문학적인 비용 손실뿐만 아니라 국가 우주 굴기 전략에 심대한 타격을 입혔다.

The launch delay of the space exploration project not only caused astronomical financial losses but also dealt a severe blow to the national strategy for space dominance.

Aerospace industry and national strategy discourse.

Synonymes

지체 연기

Antonymes

조기 단축

Collocations courantes

지연 이자
배송 지연
출발 지연
도착 지연
비행기 지연
열차 지연
결제 지연
공사 지연
업무 지연
발달 지연

Phrases Courantes

지연에 대해 사과드립니다
지연이 발생하다
지연을 최소화하다
지연 없이
무기한 지연되다
지연 안내 방송
지연 보상
지연 사유
불가피한 지연
지연 처리

Souvent confondu avec

지연 vs 연기 (postponement)

지연 vs 취소 (cancellation)

지연 vs 지체 (stalling)

Expressions idiomatiques

"차일피일 미루다"
"시간을 끌다"
"발목을 잡다"
"감감무소식이다"
"함흥차사"
"세월아 네월아 하다"
"늑장을 부리다"
"뒷북을 치다"
"소 잃고 외양간 고친다"
"만시지탄"

Facile à confondre

지연 vs

지연 vs

지연 vs

지연 vs

지연 vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

note

Do not use 지연 for people being late. Use 늦다 or 지각하다 instead.

Erreurs courantes
  • Saying '제가 지연되었어요' instead of '제가 늦었어요'.
  • Using '지연하다' (active) instead of '지연되다' (passive) for a flight.
  • Confusing '지연' (delay) with '연기' (postponement).
  • Using the subject particle '가' for the cause instead of '로 인해'.
  • Using the casual loanword '딜레이' in a formal business email.

Astuces

Passive Default

Always default to the passive form '지연되다' unless you are specifically accusing someone of causing the delay. It sounds much more natural.

People vs Things

Never use 지연 for yourself or other people being late. Remember: Trains get 지연, people get 늦다.

Apologize Quickly

In Korean business culture, if you anticipate a delay, communicate it immediately. A late warning is considered very unprofessional.

Airport Announcements

When at a Korean airport, listen for the pattern: [Destination]행 비행기가 [Reason]로 인해 [Time] 지연되고 있습니다.

Formal Emails

When writing to a customer about a late shipment, always use '배송 지연' instead of casual words like '늦게 도착'.

Compound Nouns

You can attach 지연 to almost any process noun. 출발 지연 (departure delay), 도착 지연 (arrival delay), 결제 지연 (payment delay).

지연 vs 연기

If you are waiting in the terminal, it's 지연. If you went home because the flight is tomorrow, it's 연기.

Gaming Lag

If you are playing online games with Koreans, they might use '렉' (lag) or '딜레이' (delay) more often than the formal '지연'.

Contracts

Always check contracts for the term '지연 이자' (late fee) to understand the penalties for missing a payment deadline.

Time Expressions

Place the time duration directly before the word. '10분 지연' (10 minute delay) is the standard format.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'G' (지) string on a guitar being 'YAWNED' (연) out, stretching the sound and causing a DELAY in the song.

Origine du mot

Sino-Korean

Contexte culturel

Critical vocabulary for project management and reporting.

High. Always use formal language when apologizing for a delay.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"비행기가 지연된 적이 있나요?"

"한국의 배송 지연에 대해 어떻게 생각하나요?"

"업무가 지연될 때 어떻게 대처하나요?"

"지연 보상을 받아본 적이 있습니까?"

"가장 길었던 열차 지연 경험은 무엇인가요?"

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a time a travel delay ruined your plans.

Explain how your country handles train or flight delays compared to Korea.

Describe a project at work that was delayed and how you solved it.

Write an apology email for a delayed payment.

Discuss the psychological effects of constant delays in daily life.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, this is a very common mistake. '지연' is used for events, transportation, and processes, not people. If you are late, you should say '제가 늦었어요' or '지각했어요'. Using '지연' makes you sound like an airplane or a package.

Both relate to schedules, but '지연' means a delay (happening later than planned, usually unexpectedly). '연기' means postponement (officially rescheduled to a new date or time). If a 3 PM meeting starts at 3:30 PM, it is 지연. If it is moved to tomorrow, it is 연기.

Delays are usually caused by external factors (weather, traffic, systems) rather than the subject's intentional action. Therefore, the passive form '되다' (to be delayed) is the most natural and common way to express it. '지연시키다' is used when someone actively causes a delay.

Yes, the English loanword '딜레이' is frequently used in casual conversation, especially among younger people and in IT/gaming contexts (meaning lag). However, it is not appropriate for formal writing, official announcements, or professional business emails.

The standard, polite phrase is '지연되어 죄송합니다' (I am sorry for the delay). For a more formal business email, you can write '답변이 지연되어 대단히 죄송합니다' (I sincerely apologize for the delay in my response).

'지연 이자' translates to 'delay interest' or 'late fee'. It is a financial and legal term used to describe the penalty money you must pay if you fail to make a payment by the agreed-upon deadline.

Yes, it is used in terms like '발달 지연' (developmental delay), which refers to a child who is not reaching developmental milestones at the expected age. In this context, it is a formal clinical term.

In formal contexts, use '-(으)로 인해' (due to). For example, '폭설로 인해 지연되었습니다' (Delayed due to heavy snow). In casual conversation, you can use '때문에' (because of).

You can say '지연 없이'. For example, '프로젝트를 지연 없이 진행하겠습니다' means 'I will proceed with the project without delay.'

'무기한' means 'indefinite'. Therefore, '무기한 지연' means an indefinite delay, where something is put on hold with no new expected time or date for resumption.

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