This level focuses on very basic understanding and usage. For '오염시키다', A1 learners would be introduced to the concept of pollution in simple terms, perhaps related to trash in the environment. Sentences would be short and direct, focusing on identifying pollution. They would learn '오염' (pollution) as a noun and perhaps very simple sentences like '쓰레기가 땅을 오염시켜요.' (Trash pollutes the ground.) The emphasis is on recognizing the word and its most fundamental meaning.
At A2, learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). They can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. For '오염시키다', they can understand and use it in contexts like '공장이 강을 오염시키다' (The factory pollutes the river) or '담배 연기가 공기를 오염시키다' (Cigarette smoke pollutes the air). They can also grasp the passive form '오염되다' (to be polluted). Exercises would involve simple sentence completion and matching. They might also start to understand the difference between '오염시키다' and '더럽히다' in very basic contexts.
B1 learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. They can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. For '오염시키다', they can use it in more complex sentences discussing environmental issues, health impacts, and perhaps even simple figurative uses. They would be able to distinguish it from similar verbs like '감염시키다' and use it in discussions about pollution control. Exercises would include writing short paragraphs about pollution or discussing environmental problems.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialisation. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. For '오염시키다', they can analyze the causes and effects of pollution, discuss policy measures to combat it, and use it in more sophisticated figurative language. They can also understand nuanced discussions about environmental degradation and its societal impacts. Exercises would involve analyzing articles on pollution or debating environmental policies.
C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. They can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. For '오염시키다', they can critically evaluate arguments about pollution, understand complex scientific or technical texts related to environmental contamination, and use the word in highly nuanced and sophisticated arguments, including its figurative uses in literature or philosophical discourse. Exercises would involve critiquing environmental reports or writing essays on the ethics of environmental responsibility.
C2 learners have an ease of understanding practically everything heard or read. They can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex circumstances. For '오염시키다', they can engage in high-level academic or professional discourse on environmental science, policy, or ethics, understanding and employing highly specialized terminology. They can also appreciate and use the word in its most subtle literary or rhetorical applications. Exercises would involve advanced literary analysis or specialized research summaries.

오염시키다 en 30 secondes

  • To pollute or contaminate.
  • Used for environmental and other forms of contamination.
  • Active verb: Subject pollutes object.
  • Passive form: '오염되다' (to be polluted).

The Korean verb '오염시키다' (oyeom-sikida) translates directly to 'to pollute' or 'to contaminate' in English. It's used when something, often a harmful substance or agent, is introduced into an environment, making it impure, dirty, or unsafe. This can apply to various contexts, from the natural environment to abstract concepts.

Environmental Pollution
This is the most common usage. For example, factories might pollute rivers with waste, or cars might pollute the air with exhaust fumes. The focus is on the negative impact on natural resources and living beings.
Contamination of Food or Water
It can also refer to the contamination of things we consume, like food or water, with harmful bacteria, chemicals, or other substances that make them unfit for consumption.
Figurative Pollution
Beyond the physical, '오염시키다' can be used metaphorically to describe the corruption or degradation of something pure or good. For instance, one might say that negative influences are polluting a person's mind or that unethical practices are contaminating a company's reputation.

공장이 강물을 오염시키다.

The factory pollutes the river.

유해 물질이 토양을 오염시키다.

Harmful substances contaminate the soil.

흡연은 폐를 오염시키다.

Smoking pollutes the lungs.

'오염시키다' is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object – the thing that is being polluted or contaminated. The structure often follows: [Agent] + [Object] + 를/을 + 오염시키다. Let's look at various ways it's used:

Environmental Context
This is where you'll hear it most often. It's used when discussing the negative impacts of human activities or natural phenomena on the environment. Think about news reports, environmental campaigns, or discussions about sustainability.
Health and Safety
When discussing food safety, water purity, or air quality, '오염시키다' is crucial. It describes how harmful agents can compromise the safety of what we consume or breathe.
Figurative and Abstract Uses
While less common than the literal meaning, it can be used to describe the corruption of ideas, morals, or reputations. This usage often carries a strong negative connotation, suggesting a defilement of something pure.

산업 폐기물이 바다를 오염시키고 있다.

Industrial waste is polluting the sea.

미세먼지가 우리의 호흡기를 오염시키고 있다.

Fine dust is polluting our respiratory system.

정치적 부패가 사회를 오염시키지 않도록 주의해야 한다.

We must be careful not to let political corruption pollute society.

그는 자신의 거짓말로 팀의 분위기를 오염시키려 했다.

He tried to pollute the team's atmosphere with his lies.

The verb '오염시키다' is a fundamental term when discussing environmental issues, public health, and societal well-being. You'll encounter it frequently in various media and everyday conversations:

News and Current Affairs
Environmental news reports are a prime source. Discussions about industrial pollution, air quality alerts, water contamination scares, and the impact of waste management often feature this verb. For instance, a news segment might report on how a chemical spill is '오염시키는' a local river.
Documentaries and Educational Programs
Nature documentaries or educational shows focusing on ecology, climate change, or public health will use '오염시키다' to explain the detrimental effects of various pollutants on ecosystems and human health.
Public Service Announcements (PSAs) and Campaigns
Government agencies and environmental organizations use this term in campaigns to raise awareness about pollution. They might urge citizens not to '오염시키다' public spaces or to reduce activities that '오염시킨다' the environment.
Discussions about Urban Planning and Infrastructure
When debating the construction of factories, highways, or waste treatment facilities, the potential for these projects to '오염시키다' the surrounding areas is a common point of discussion.
Health and Safety Guidelines
Food safety regulations or warnings about contaminated water sources will use this verb to describe the risk. For example, 'This water source could be contaminated by bacteria, which would '오염시키다' the drinking water.'

환경 보호 단체는 플라스틱이 해양 생태계를 오염시키고 있다고 경고했다.

The environmental protection group warned that plastic is polluting the marine ecosystem.

정부는 대기 오염을 오염시키는 요인을 줄이기 위한 정책을 발표했다.

The government announced policies to reduce factors polluting the air.

식중독 예방을 위해 음식물 쓰레기가 물을 오염시키지 않도록 주의해야 합니다.

To prevent food poisoning, we must be careful not to let food waste pollute the water.

Learners of Korean might make a few common mistakes when using '오염시키다'. Understanding these pitfalls can help you use the word more accurately:

Confusing '오염시키다' with '오염되다'
'오염시키다' is an active verb (to pollute), while '오염되다' is a passive verb (to be polluted/to become polluted). A common error is using the active form when the passive is intended. For example, saying '공장이 오염시켰다' (The factory polluted) when you mean '강물이 오염되었다' (The river became polluted).
Incorrect Object Marking
As a transitive verb, '오염시키다' requires a direct object marked with '를/을'. Forgetting this particle or using the wrong one can lead to grammatical errors. For instance, '쓰레기가 바다를 오염시키다' is correct, but '쓰레기가 바다 오염시키다' is not.
Overuse in Figurative Contexts
While '오염시키다' can be used metaphorically, overusing it for abstract concepts might sound unnatural or overly dramatic to native speakers. More nuanced verbs might be preferred depending on the specific shade of meaning, such as '타락시키다' (to corrupt) or '해치다' (to harm).
Using it for Minor Contamination
'오염시키다' generally implies a significant level of contamination or pollution that renders something harmful or unusable. For minor dirtiness or impurity, other words might be more appropriate. For example, '더럽히다' (to make dirty) might be used for less severe cases.

Mistake: 공장이 물을 오염시키다.

Correct: 공장이 물을 오염시켰다.

The factory polluted the water.

Mistake: 강이 오염되었다.

Correct: 강이 오염되었다.

The river became polluted.

While '오염시키다' is the most direct translation for 'to pollute' or 'to contaminate,' other words and phrases can be used depending on the nuance and context. Understanding these alternatives helps in expressing oneself more precisely.

오염시키다 (Oyeom-sikida)
Meaning: To pollute, to contaminate. This is the general and most common term for introducing harmful substances into an environment or substance.
더럽히다 (Deoreop-hida)
Meaning: To make dirty, to soil, to stain. This verb is broader and can be used for less severe cases of making something unclean. It can refer to physical dirt or metaphorical impurity. While it can overlap with '오염시키다', it doesn't always imply the same level of harmful contamination. For example, spilling coffee on clothes '더럽히다' them, but it doesn't '오염시키다' them in the environmental sense.
감염시키다 (Gamyeom-sikida)
Meaning: To infect. This is specifically used when a disease-causing agent (like bacteria or a virus) is introduced into a living organism, causing illness. It's a type of contamination, but focused on biological pathogens.
혼탁하게 하다 (Hontak-hage hada)
Meaning: To make turbid, to make cloudy. This is used to describe making liquids, especially water, unclear or muddy. While polluted water might become turbid, this term focuses on the visual aspect of cloudiness rather than the presence of harmful substances.
중금속으로 오염시키다 (Junggeumsok-euro oyeom-sikida)
Meaning: To pollute with heavy metals. This is a more specific phrase that clarifies the type of pollutant. You might use this when discussing industrial pollution where heavy metals are a particular concern.

Comparison: 공장이 강물을 오염시켰다.

Comparison: 아이가 옷을 더럽혔다.

The factory polluted the river. / The child dirtied the clothes.

Comparison: 세균이 사람을 감염시켰다.

Comparison: 공장 폐수가 물을 혼탁하게 했다.

Bacteria infected the person. / Factory wastewater made the water turbid.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The character '染' (yeom) itself implies a process of coloring or staining. When combined with '汚' (o), it powerfully conveys the idea of introducing something undesirable that permanently alters the state of something else, much like dye permanently changes the color of fabric. This etymology highlights the invasive and often irreversible nature of pollution.

Guide de prononciation

UK /o.jʌm.si.ki.da/
US /o.jʌm.si.ki.da/
The primary stress is on the second syllable, '염' (yeom). However, in natural speech, Korean pronunciation tends to have a more even rhythm across syllables compared to English stress patterns.
Rime avec
가다 (gada) 하다 (hada) 보다 (boda) 먹다 (meokda) 읽다 (ikda) 쓰다 (sseuda) 웃다 (utda) 받다 (batda)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Mispronouncing the nasal 'm' sound in '염'.
  • Confusing the vowel sounds, particularly '오' and '어'.
  • Adding extra sounds or not articulating each syllable clearly.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

At A2/B1 level, learners can understand sentences using '오염시키다' when discussing common environmental topics. More complex or figurative uses require higher proficiency.

Écriture 3/5

Basic usage is achievable at A2. Constructing complex sentences or using figurative language accurately requires B1/B2 level proficiency.

Expression orale 3/5

Learners can use this word in simple conversations about pollution at A2. Expressing nuanced opinions or engaging in debates about environmental issues requires higher levels.

Écoute 3/5

Recognizing the word in news reports or dramas is possible at A2. Understanding complex discussions about environmental policy or scientific reports requires higher proficiency.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

환경 (environment) 물 (water) 공기 (air) 땅 (ground/land) 쓰레기 (trash) 공장 (factory) 화학 물질 (chemical substance) 더럽히다 (to make dirty)

Apprends ensuite

오염되다 (to be polluted) 정화하다 (to purify) 규제하다 (to regulate) 생태계 (ecosystem) 지속 가능한 (sustainable)

Avancé

미세먼지 (fine dust) 온실가스 (greenhouse gas) 생분해성 (biodegradable) 환경 보호 (environmental protection) 기후 변화 (climate change)

Grammaire à connaître

Transitive Verbs and Object Markers (를/을)

'오염시키다' is a transitive verb. It requires a direct object, which is the thing being polluted. This object is typically marked with the particle '를' (reul) if it ends in a vowel, or '을' (eul) if it ends in a consonant. Example: '공장' (factory) ends in a consonant, so it takes '을': '공장이 강물을 오염시켰다.' (The factory polluted the river.)

Passive Voice (-되다)

The passive form of '오염시키다' is '오염되다' (oyeom-doeda), meaning 'to be polluted' or 'to become contaminated'. The subject in this case is the thing that is being polluted. Example: '강물이 오염되었다.' (The river became polluted.)

Continuous Action (-고 있다)

To express that pollution is happening right now or is an ongoing process, '-고 있다' (-go itda) is attached to the verb stem. Example: '공장이 강물을 오염시키고 있다.' (The factory is polluting the river.)

Expressing Possibility (-ㄹ/을 수 있다)

To indicate that something has the potential to pollute, '-ㄹ/을 수 있다' (-l/eul su itda) is used. Example: '농약이 토양을 오염시킬 수 있다.' (Pesticides can pollute the soil.)

Causative Verb Formation (-시키다)

'오염시키다' is formed by combining the noun '오염' (pollution) with the causative suffix '-시키다'. This suffix turns nouns or adjectives into verbs that mean 'to make something...' or 'to cause something to be...'. Understanding this pattern helps in recognizing other causative verbs in Korean.

Exemples par niveau

1

쓰레기가 땅을 오염시켜요.

Trash pollutes the ground.

'오염시키다' is used in its polite informal form '-어요'.

2

공장이 물을 오염시켜요.

The factory pollutes the water.

'공장' (factory) is the subject, '물' (water) is the object.

3

담배 연기가 공기를 오염시켜요.

Cigarette smoke pollutes the air.

'연기' (smoke) is the subject, '공기' (air) is the object.

4

이것은 환경을 오염시켜요.

This pollutes the environment.

'이것' (this) is the subject, '환경' (environment) is the object.

5

쓰레기를 버리지 마세요. 환경을 오염시켜요.

Don't litter. It pollutes the environment.

Connecting a command with a reason.

6

공장에서 나오는 연기가 공기를 오염시켜요.

The smoke coming from the factory pollutes the air.

Using a descriptive phrase for the subject.

7

우리는 환경을 오염시키면 안 돼요.

We shouldn't pollute the environment.

Using '-면 안 되다' to express prohibition.

8

바다가 오염되어 가고 있어요.

The sea is becoming polluted.

Introduction to the passive form '오염되다'.

1

산업 폐기물이 강물을 심각하게 오염시키고 있다.

Industrial waste is seriously polluting the river.

'산업 폐기물' (industrial waste) is the subject. '-고 있다' indicates an ongoing action.

2

자동차 배기가스는 도시의 대기를 오염시킨다.

Car exhaust pollutes the city's air.

Using the plain form '-ㄴ다' often seen in factual statements or writing.

3

농약은 토양을 오염시킬 수 있다.

Pesticides can pollute the soil.

'-ㄹ 수 있다' expresses possibility.

4

이 음식물 쓰레기는 강을 오염시키지 않도록 주의해야 합니다.

We must be careful not to let this food waste pollute the river.

Using '-지 않도록 주의하다' (be careful not to...).

5

미세 플라스틱이 해양 생태계를 오염시키는 것이 큰 문제입니다.

Microplastics polluting the marine ecosystem is a big problem.

Using a gerund phrase as the subject.

6

화학 물질이 지하수를 오염시킬 위험이 있다.

There is a risk that chemical substances will pollute the groundwater.

'위험이 있다' (there is a risk).

7

무분별한 개발이 자연을 오염시키고 있다.

Reckless development is polluting nature.

'무분별한 개발' (reckless development) as the subject.

8

정부는 환경을 오염시키는 기업들을 규제해야 한다.

The government must regulate companies that pollute the environment.

Using a relative clause to describe companies.

1

현대 사회에서 산업화는 불가피하게 환경을 오염시키는 요인이 됩니다.

In modern society, industrialization inevitably becomes a factor that pollutes the environment.

Using '불가피하게' (inevitably) and a relative clause.

2

우리가 무심코 버리는 쓰레기가 결국 식수원을 오염시키게 된다.

The trash we carelessly throw away eventually pollutes the water source.

'무심코' (carelessly) and '-게 되다' (come to be).

3

유해 화학 물질이 토양에 침투하여 장기간에 걸쳐 오염시킬 수 있습니다.

Harmful chemical substances can penetrate the soil and pollute it over a long period.

'침투하여' (penetrating and...) and '장기간에 걸쳐' (over a long period).

4

미디어는 대중의 인식을 바꾸어 환경을 오염시키는 행위를 줄이도록 유도해야 한다.

The media should change public perception and guide them to reduce actions that pollute the environment.

Using '-도록 유도하다' (guide to do).

5

과도한 농약 사용은 농작물뿐만 아니라 주변 생태계까지 오염시킬 수 있습니다.

Excessive use of pesticides can pollute not only crops but also the surrounding ecosystem.

'뿐만 아니라' (not only... but also).

6

정치적 부패는 사회 전체의 신뢰를 오염시키는 심각한 문제이다.

Political corruption is a serious problem that pollutes the trust of society as a whole.

Figurative use of '오염시키다' with '신뢰' (trust).

7

지역 주민들은 공장이 배출하는 오염 물질이 자신들의 삶의 터전을 오염시킨다고 주장했다.

Local residents claimed that the pollutants discharged by the factory were polluting their living environment.

'배출하는' (discharging) and '삶의 터전' (living environment).

8

우리의 무책임한 행동이 미래 세대의 환경을 오염시키지 않도록 경각심을 가져야 한다.

We must be vigilant so that our irresponsible actions do not pollute the environment for future generations.

'경각심을 가지다' (have a sense of vigilance).

1

산업화 과정에서 발생하는 폐수는 제대로 처리되지 않으면 하천을 광범위하게 오염시키고 생태계를 파괴할 수 있다.

Wastewater generated during the industrialization process, if not properly treated, can extensively pollute rivers and destroy ecosystems.

'광범위하게' (extensively) and '생태계를 파괴하다' (destroy ecosystems).

2

소셜 미디어의 익명성은 때때로 건전한 토론 문화를 오염시키는 악성 댓글의 확산을 조장한다.

The anonymity of social media sometimes promotes the spread of malicious comments that pollute the healthy discussion culture.

Figurative use: '건전한 토론 문화' (healthy discussion culture) and '악성 댓글' (malicious comments).

3

정부의 소극적인 환경 규제는 기업들로 하여금 환경 법규를 무시하고 토양과 수질을 오염시키도록 부추기고 있다는 비판이 제기되었다.

Criticism has been raised that the government's passive environmental regulations encourage companies to ignore environmental laws and pollute soil and water quality.

'소극적인' (passive), '환경 법규를 무시하다' (ignore environmental laws), '-도록 부추기다' (encourage to).

4

플라스틱 쓰레기가 해양으로 유입되어 미세 플라스틱으로 분해되면서 해양 생물들의 먹이 사슬을 오염시키고 있다.

Plastic waste flows into the ocean and, as it breaks down into microplastics, it contaminates the food chain of marine life.

'먹이 사슬' (food chain) and '-면서' (while/as).

5

과학자들은 특정 산업 활동이 지하 대수층을 오염시켜 식수 공급에 장기적인 위협을 가할 수 있다고 경고한다.

Scientists warn that certain industrial activities can pollute underground aquifers, posing a long-term threat to drinking water supplies.

'지하 대수층' (underground aquifer) and '식수 공급' (drinking water supply).

6

대중매체의 선정적인 보도는 때때로 사건의 본질을 흐리고 사회적 불안감을 오염시키는 결과를 낳는다.

Sensational reporting by the mass media sometimes obscures the essence of events and results in polluting social anxiety.

Figurative use: '선정적인 보도' (sensational reporting), '본질을 흐리다' (obscure the essence), '사회적 불안감' (social anxiety).

7

지속 가능한 발전을 위해서는 경제 성장과 환경 보호 사이의 균형을 맞추어야 하며, 환경을 오염시키는 행위를 최소화해야 한다.

For sustainable development, we must balance economic growth and environmental protection, and minimize actions that pollute the environment.

'지속 가능한 발전' (sustainable development), '균형을 맞추다' (balance), '최소화하다' (minimize).

8

인간의 활동으로 인해 발생하는 대기 오염 물질은 지구 전체의 기후 시스템을 오염시키고 예측 불가능한 변화를 야기할 수 있다.

Air pollutants caused by human activities can pollute the Earth's entire climate system and cause unpredictable changes.

'기후 시스템' (climate system), '예측 불가능한 변화' (unpredictable changes), '야기하다' (cause/bring about).

1

화석 연료의 연소 과정에서 발생하는 온실가스는 지구 대기를 오염시키는 주범으로 지목되며, 이는 기후 변화를 가속화시키는 주요 원인이다.

Greenhouse gases emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels are identified as the main culprits polluting the Earth's atmosphere, which is a major cause accelerating climate change.

'화석 연료' (fossil fuels), '온실가스' (greenhouse gases), '주범으로 지목되다' (be identified as the main culprit), '가속화시키다' (accelerate).

2

데이터 프라이버시 침해는 개인 정보의 무분별한 수집과 이용으로 인해 발생하며, 이는 디지털 시대의 새로운 형태의 사회적 오염으로 간주될 수 있다.

Data privacy violations occur due to the indiscriminate collection and use of personal information, which can be considered a new form of social pollution in the digital age.

Figurative use: '데이터 프라이버시 침해' (data privacy violation), '디지털 시대' (digital age), '사회적 오염' (social pollution).

3

정치적 담론에서 편향된 정보의 확산은 건전한 공론의 장을 오염시키고, 민주주의의 근간을 흔들 수 있는 잠재적 위험을 내포한다.

The spread of biased information in political discourse pollutes the healthy public sphere and carries a potential risk that can shake the foundations of democracy.

Figurative use: '정치적 담론' (political discourse), '편향된 정보' (biased information), '공론의 장' (public sphere), '민주주의의 근간' (foundations of democracy).

4

인공지능 기술의 발전은 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있지만, 동시에 알고리즘의 편향성이나 잘못된 정보의 증폭을 통해 사회적 가치관을 오염시킬 가능성도 내포하고 있다.

The development of artificial intelligence technology can improve productivity, but it also carries the possibility of polluting social values through algorithmic bias or the amplification of misinformation.

Figurative use: '인공지능 기술' (AI technology), '알고리즘의 편향성' (algorithmic bias), '사회적 가치관' (social values).

5

지속 가능한 소비 패턴을 정착시키기 위해서는 기업의 책임 있는 생산 활동과 소비자의 윤리적 선택이 필수적이며, 그렇지 않으면 자원 고갈과 환경 오염을 심화시킬 수밖에 없다.

To establish sustainable consumption patterns, responsible production activities by corporations and ethical choices by consumers are essential; otherwise, resource depletion and environmental pollution are inevitable.

'지속 가능한 소비 패턴' (sustainable consumption patterns), '책임 있는 생산 활동' (responsible production activities), '윤리적 선택' (ethical choice), '자원 고갈' (resource depletion).

6

과거의 산업 혁명이 환경에 미친 부정적인 영향은 현재 우리가 직면한 기후 위기의 근본적인 원인 중 하나이며, 이는 미래 세대의 삶을 오염시킬 수 있는 심각한 문제입니다.

The negative impact of the past Industrial Revolution on the environment is one of the fundamental causes of the climate crisis we face today, and it is a serious problem that can pollute the lives of future generations.

'산업 혁명' (Industrial Revolution), '기후 위기' (climate crisis), '미래 세대' (future generations).

7

인간의 탐욕과 무관심은 지구의 자연 자원을 고갈시키고 생태계를 파괴하며, 결국에는 우리 자신을 포함한 모든 생명체를 오염시키는 결과를 초래할 것이다.

Human greed and indifference deplete the Earth's natural resources, destroy ecosystems, and will ultimately lead to results that pollute all living beings, including ourselves.

'탐욕' (greed), '무관심' (indifference), '자연 자원' (natural resources), '생태계 파괴' (ecosystem destruction), '생명체' (living beings).

8

미래 사회에서는 인류의 지속 가능성을 보장하기 위해 환경 오염을 방지하고, 이미 오염된 환경을 복원하는 기술과 시스템 구축이 최우선 과제가 될 것이다.

In future society, preventing environmental pollution and establishing technologies and systems to restore already polluted environments will be the top priority to ensure humanity's sustainability.

'지속 가능성' (sustainability), '환경 오염 방지' (preventing environmental pollution), '환경 복원' (environmental restoration), '최우선 과제' (top priority).

1

생태계의 복잡한 상호작용을 고려할 때, 특정 오염 물질의 유입이 단순히 물리적인 오염을 넘어 생물학적, 화학적, 그리고 사회경제적 시스템 전반에 걸쳐 연쇄적인 부정적 파급 효과를 일으키며 인간 문명 자체를 오염시킬 수 있다는 점을 간과해서는 안 된다.

Considering the complex interactions of ecosystems, it should not be overlooked that the influx of specific pollutants can go beyond mere physical contamination to cause chain negative ripple effects across biological, chemical, and socioeconomic systems, thereby polluting human civilization itself.

'복잡한 상호작용' (complex interactions), '연쇄적인 부정적 파급 효과' (chain negative ripple effects), '인간 문명' (human civilization), '간과하다' (overlook).

2

디지털 정보의 홍수 속에서 정보의 진위 여부를 판별하는 능력은 점점 더 중요해지고 있으며, 허위 정보와 편향된 내러티브가 여론을 오염시키고 사회적 통합을 저해하는 현실은 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있다.

In the flood of digital information, the ability to discern the truthfulness of information is becoming increasingly important, and the reality where false information and biased narratives pollute public opinion and hinder social integration is emerging as a serious problem.

'정보의 진위 여부' (truthfulness of information), '판별하다' (discern), '허위 정보' (false information), '여론' (public opinion), '사회적 통합' (social integration), '저해하다' (hinder).

3

환경 윤리의 관점에서 볼 때, 인류가 지구 환경을 오염시키는 행위는 단순히 물질적인 피해를 넘어, 미래 세대가 누려야 할 자연적 권리를 침해하는 도덕적 범죄에 해당할 수 있다.

From the perspective of environmental ethics, human actions that pollute the Earth's environment can be considered a moral crime that infringes upon the natural rights that future generations should enjoy, beyond mere material damage.

'환경 윤리' (environmental ethics), '도덕적 범죄' (moral crime), '자연적 권리' (natural rights), '침해하다' (infringe upon).

4

전 지구적 차원의 환경 문제에 대한 국제 사회의 협력은 필수적이지만, 각국의 이해관계 충돌과 정치적 의지 부족은 효과적인 해결책 모색을 방해하고, 결국 오염 물질의 확산을 막지 못하게 만든다.

International cooperation on global environmental issues is essential, but conflicts of interest among nations and a lack of political will hinder the search for effective solutions, ultimately preventing the spread of pollutants.

'전 지구적 차원' (global scale), '이해관계 충돌' (conflicts of interest), '정치적 의지 부족' (lack of political will), '해결책 모색' (search for solutions).

5

인간의 끊임없는 물질적 욕구 충족을 위한 산업 활동은 필연적으로 환경을 오염시키고 생태계를 파괴하며, 이는 인류의 장기적인 생존 자체를 위협하는 자기 파괴적인 과정이다.

Industrial activities for the continuous fulfillment of human material desires inevitably pollute the environment and destroy ecosystems, which is a self-destructive process threatening humanity's long-term survival itself.

'물질적 욕구 충족' (fulfillment of material desires), '필연적으로' (inevitably), '자기 파괴적인 과정' (self-destructive process).

6

미래의 기술 발전은 환경 복원에 기여할 수 있겠지만, 근본적으로는 인간의 가치관 변화와 자연과의 조화로운 공존을 추구하는 노력이 뒷받침될 때, 비로소 오염된 환경을 되살리고 지속 가능한 미래를 건설할 수 있을 것이다.

Future technological advancements may contribute to environmental restoration, but fundamentally, only when efforts to pursue a change in human values and harmonious coexistence with nature are supported, can we truly revive polluted environments and build a sustainable future.

'환경 복원' (environmental restoration), '가치관 변화' (change in values), '조화로운 공존' (harmonious coexistence), '뒷받침되다' (be supported).

7

역사적으로 볼 때, 문명의 발전은 종종 환경을 오염시키는 대가를 치렀으며, 이러한 패턴을 되풀이하지 않기 위해서는 과거의 교훈을 깊이 성찰하고 새로운 패러다임의 전환이 시급하다.

Historically, the development of civilization has often come at the cost of polluting the environment, and to avoid repeating this pattern, deep reflection on past lessons and a paradigm shift are urgently needed.

'문명의 발전' (development of civilization), '대가를 치르다' (pay the price), '패러다임의 전환' (paradigm shift), '시급하다' (be urgent).

8

글로벌 경제 시스템의 근본적인 재편 없이는, 빈곤과 불평등의 심화가 환경 오염을 더욱 부추기고, 결국에는 모든 인류의 삶의 질을 저하시키는 악순환을 피하기 어려울 것이다.

Without a fundamental restructuring of the global economic system, the deepening of poverty and inequality will further fuel environmental pollution, making it difficult to avoid a vicious cycle that ultimately degrades the quality of life for all humanity.

'글로벌 경제 시스템' (global economic system), '근본적인 재편' (fundamental restructuring), '빈곤과 불평등' (poverty and inequality), '악순환' (vicious cycle), '삶의 질 저하' (degradation of quality of life).

Collocations courantes

환경을 오염시키다
강물을 오염시키다
대기를 오염시키다
토양을 오염시키다
식수원을 오염시키다
생태계를 오염시키다
몸을 오염시키다
정신을 오염시키다
사회 문화를 오염시키다
데이터를 오염시키다

Phrases Courantes

환경을 오염시키다

— To pollute the environment. This is the most frequent and direct use of the verb.

우리는 지구를 오염시키지 않기 위해 노력해야 합니다. (We must strive not to pollute the Earth.)

심각하게 오염시키다

— To pollute severely or seriously. Used to emphasize the gravity of the pollution.

산업 폐기물이 강물을 심각하게 오염시키고 있다. (Industrial waste is seriously polluting the river.)

오염시키지 않도록

— So as not to pollute. Used to express a preventative measure or a warning.

이 쓰레기는 땅을 오염시키지 않도록 잘 처리해야 합니다. (This waste must be disposed of properly so as not to pollute the ground.)

오염시키는 요인

— Factors that pollute. Refers to the causes or agents of pollution.

자동차 배기가스는 대기를 오염시키는 주요 요인 중 하나입니다. (Car exhaust is one of the main factors that pollute the air.)

오염시키는 행위

— Actions that pollute. Refers to the deeds or activities that result in pollution.

환경을 오염시키는 행위는 법으로 금지되어 있습니다. (Actions that pollute the environment are prohibited by law.)

오염시키는 것을 막다

— To prevent polluting. Focuses on stopping the act of pollution.

우리는 해양 생태계를 오염시키는 것을 막기 위해 플라스틱 사용을 줄여야 합니다. (We need to reduce plastic use to prevent polluting the marine ecosystem.)

오염시키는 물질

— Substances that pollute. Refers to the pollutants themselves.

이 공장은 유해한 물질을 배출하여 강을 오염시키고 있다. (This factory is polluting the river with substances that contaminate.)

자연을 오염시키다

— To pollute nature. A general term for damaging the natural world.

무분별한 개발은 자연을 오염시킨다. (Reckless development pollutes nature.)

식량을 오염시키다

— To contaminate food. Used in contexts of food safety.

세균이 식량을 오염시켜 식중독을 유발할 수 있다. (Bacteria can contaminate food and cause food poisoning.)

오염시켜서는 안 된다

— Should not pollute. A strong prohibition or recommendation.

우리는 미래 세대를 위해 지구를 오염시켜서는 안 된다. (We should not pollute the Earth for future generations.)

Souvent confondu avec

오염시키다 vs 오염되다

'오염되다' is the passive form, meaning 'to be polluted'. '오염시키다' is the active verb, meaning 'to pollute'. Make sure to use the correct one based on whether the subject is doing the polluting or being polluted.

오염시키다 vs 더럽히다

'더럽히다' means 'to make dirty'. It's a broader term and can be used for less severe cases than '오염시키다', which implies harmful contamination.

오염시키다 vs 감염시키다

'감염시키다' means 'to infect' and is specifically used for biological contamination by pathogens.

Expressions idiomatiques

"흙탕물을 튀기다"

— Literally 'to splash muddy water'. Figuratively, it means to tarnish someone's reputation, to spread rumors, or to engage in dirty tactics, similar to how pollution can degrade an environment.

그는 선거 과정에서 상대방의 명예를 흙탕물 튀기듯 더럽혔다. (He tarnished the opponent's reputation during the election campaign as if splashing muddy water.)

Figurative/Informal
"물을 흐리다"

— Literally 'to make the water murky'. Figuratively, it means to disrupt a situation, to cause confusion, or to spoil a good atmosphere, often by introducing something negative or disruptive, akin to pollution.

그의 갑작스러운 발언이 회의의 분위기를 물을 흐리게 만들었다. (His sudden remark muddied the waters of the meeting's atmosphere.)

Figurative/General
"악취를 풍기다"

— Literally 'to give off a foul smell'. Figuratively, it refers to something or someone that is morally corrupt, unethical, or scandalous, emanating negativity, much like a polluted area emits a bad odor.

그 회사의 비리는 사회 전체에 악취를 풍기는 것과 같다. (The company's corruption is like emitting a foul smell throughout society.)

Figurative/Strong Connotation
"독을 퍼뜨리다"

— Literally 'to spread poison'. Figuratively, it means to spread harmful ideas, misinformation, or negativity that corrupts or damages people's minds or society.

그는 온라인상에서 거짓 정보라는 독을 퍼뜨리고 있다. (He is spreading the poison of false information online.)

Figurative/Strong Connotation
"오염된 공기"

— Literally 'polluted air'. Figuratively, it can refer to a negative or unhealthy atmosphere or environment, whether physical or social.

그곳은 경쟁이 너무 심해서 마치 오염된 공기처럼 숨쉬기 힘들었다. (The competition there was so intense that it felt like polluted air, hard to breathe.)

Figurative/Descriptive
"더러운 물을 마시다"

— Literally 'to drink dirty water'. Figuratively, it means to be exposed to or accept unpleasant, unethical, or corrupt situations or information.

그런 부정적인 정보에 노출되는 것은 더러운 물을 마시는 것과 같다. (Being exposed to such negative information is like drinking dirty water.)

Figurative/General
"순수함을 잃다"

— Literally 'to lose purity'. Figuratively, it means to become corrupted or less innocent, similar to how an environment loses its purity when polluted.

아이들은 세상의 때에 물들어 순수함을 잃기 쉽다. (Children easily lose their innocence, tainted by the world's impurities.)

Figurative/Poetic
"쓰레기 같은"

— Literally 'like trash'. Used metaphorically to describe something or someone of very low quality, value, or morality, akin to waste that pollutes.

그의 말은 쓰레기 같아서 들을 가치도 없었다. (His words were like trash, not even worth listening to.)

Figurative/Informal
"본질을 흐리다"

— Literally 'to blur the essence'. Similar to '물을 흐리다', this idiom means to obscure the true nature of something, often by introducing distractions or irrelevant, negative elements, similar to how pollutants obscure the clarity of water.

일부 언론은 사건의 본질을 흐리고 대중을 오도하고 있다. (Some media outlets are blurring the essence of the incident and misleading the public.)

Figurative/General
"독이 묻은"

— Literally 'poisoned' or 'stained with poison'. Figuratively, it describes something or someone tainted by malice, corruption, or negative influence.

그는 독이 묻은 소문을 퍼뜨려 사람들을 이간질했다. (He spread poisoned rumors to sow discord among people.)

Figurative/Strong Connotation

Facile à confondre

오염시키다 vs 오염되다

Both verbs relate to the concept of pollution.

'오염시키다' is the active verb where the subject performs the action of polluting something (e.g., 'The factory pollutes the river'). '오염되다' is the passive verb where the subject is the recipient of the action, meaning it becomes polluted (e.g., 'The river becomes polluted').

공장이 강물을 오염시켰다. (Active: The factory polluted the river.) vs. 강물이 오염되었다. (Passive: The river became polluted.)

오염시키다 vs 더럽히다

Both words mean to make something unclean.

'오염시키다' implies a harmful contamination, often with long-term consequences for health or the environment. '더럽히다' is a more general term for making something physically dirty or soiled, and the contamination might not be harmful. For example, spilling mud on clothes '더럽히다's them, but industrial waste '오염시키다's a river.

아이가 옷을 더럽혔다. (The child dirtied the clothes.) vs. 공장 폐수가 강물을 오염시켰다. (Factory wastewater polluted the river.)

오염시키다 vs 감염시키다

Both involve introducing something harmful.

'오염시키다' is generally used for environmental or material contamination. '감염시키다' specifically refers to infecting a living organism with a disease-causing agent (bacteria, virus, etc.).

세균이 물을 오염시켰다. (Bacteria polluted the water.) vs. 세균이 사람을 감염시켰다. (Bacteria infected the person.)

오염시키다 vs 혼탁하게 하다

Both can describe changes in water quality.

'오염시키다' refers to the introduction of harmful substances that make water impure and potentially toxic. '혼탁하게 하다' specifically means to make water turbid or cloudy, focusing on the visual aspect of unclearness, which may or may not be due to harmful pollutants.

공장 폐수가 강물을 오염시켰다. (Factory wastewater polluted the river.) vs. 흙탕물이 강물을 혼탁하게 했다. (Muddy water made the river turbid.)

오염시키다 vs 해치다

Pollution often leads to harm.

'오염시키다' is the act of causing pollution. '해치다' means 'to harm' or 'to damage', describing the negative consequences or effects of pollution. One pollutes (오염시키다) and the pollution harms (해치다).

환경 오염은 생태계를 해친다. (Environmental pollution harms the ecosystem.)

Structures de phrases

A2

[Subject] + [Object] + 를/을 + 오염시키다.

공장이 강물을 오염시켰다.

A2

[Subject] + [Object] + 를/을 + 오염시키고 있다.

담배 연기가 공기를 오염시키고 있다.

B1

[Cause] + 는 + [Object] + 를/을 + 오염시키는 + [Noun].

산업 폐기물은 토양을 오염시키는 원인이다.

B1

[Subject] + [Object] + 를/을 + 오염시키다 + -지 않도록 + [Verb].

우리는 환경을 오염시키지 않도록 노력해야 한다.

B2

[Subject] + [Object] + 를/을 + 오염시킬 + 수 있다.

유해 물질이 지하수를 오염시킬 수 있다.

B2

[Subject] + [Object] + 를/을 + 오염시키는 + [Noun] + 이다.

플라스틱 쓰레기는 해양을 오염시키는 주범이다.

C1

[Figurative Subject] + [Figurative Object] + 를/을 + 오염시키다.

편향된 정보가 여론을 오염시키고 있다.

C1

[Cause] + 는 + [Effect] + 를/을 + 오염시키는 + [Noun] + 으로 + [Verb].

무분별한 개발은 자연을 오염시키는 행위로 간주된다.

Famille de mots

Noms

오염 Pollution, contamination
오염원 Source of pollution
오염 물질 Pollutant, contaminating substance

Verbes

오염시키다 To pollute, to contaminate (active)
오염되다 To be polluted, to become contaminated (passive)

Apparenté

환경 Environment
대기 Atmosphere, air
수질 Water quality
토양 Soil
정화 Purification

Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High, especially in discussions about environmental issues.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using '오염시키다' when '오염되다' is needed. Using the correct active/passive form.

    '오염시키다' is active (the subject pollutes). '오염되다' is passive (the subject is polluted). For example, 'The factory polluted the river' is '공장이 강물을 오염시켰다.' (active), but 'The river became polluted' is '강물이 오염되었다.' (passive).

  • Forgetting the object marker (를/을). Adding the correct object marker.

    '오염시키다' requires a direct object. This object needs to be marked with '를' or '을'. For instance, '공장이 강물 오염시켰다' is incorrect; it should be '공장이 강물을 오염시켰다.'

  • Using '오염시키다' for minor dirtiness. Using '더럽히다' for general dirtiness.

    '오염시키다' implies harmful contamination. For simply making something physically dirty, like spilling coffee on clothes, '더럽히다' (to make dirty) is more appropriate. '오염시키다' suggests a more serious degradation of quality or safety.

  • Confusing '오염시키다' with '감염시키다'. Using '감염시키다' for biological infection.

    '오염시키다' is for environmental or material pollution. '감염시키다' specifically means 'to infect' and is used when disease-causing agents (like viruses or bacteria) enter a living organism.

  • Overusing figurative meanings inappropriately. Using figurative meanings contextually.

    While '오염시키다' can be used figuratively (e.g., polluting ideas), its overuse or inappropriate application can sound unnatural. Ensure the context clearly supports a metaphorical interpretation.

Astuces

Active vs. Passive

Remember that '오염시키다' is active (Subject pollutes Object), while '오염되다' is passive (Object is polluted). Pay close attention to the subject and object in the sentence to choose the correct verb.

Related Nouns

Learn the related noun '오염' (pollution) and common compound nouns like '대기 오염' (air pollution) and '수질 오염' (water pollution). This will help you understand and use the verb more effectively.

Environmental Focus

The word is most frequently used in contexts related to environmental protection, news, and scientific discussions. Familiarize yourself with Korean vocabulary related to environmental issues.

Beyond the Literal

While primarily environmental, '오염시키다' can be used figuratively to describe the corruption of abstract concepts like ideas, reputations, or social norms. Look for these nuanced uses in literature or more advanced texts.

Syllable Clarity

Ensure you pronounce each syllable clearly, especially the nasal 'm' sound in '염' (yeom) and the distinct vowel sounds. Aim for a natural rhythm rather than stressing individual syllables heavily.

Object Marking

As a transitive verb, '오염시키다' requires an object marked with '를' or '을'. Always include this particle when an object is present to form grammatically correct sentences.

Vs. 더럽히다

Distinguish '오염시키다' (harmful contamination) from '더럽히다' (to make dirty). '오염시키다' implies a more serious and potentially long-lasting negative impact.

Sentence Building

Practice constructing sentences using different grammatical patterns like '-고 있다' (ongoing action) and '-ㄹ 수 있다' (possibility) to describe various pollution scenarios.

Mnemonic Devices

Use visual associations or create short stories. For example, imagine a factory (오) with a big 'yeom' (염) stain causing sickness ('시'키다) to the air.

Awareness in Korea

Be aware that environmental issues are a significant concern in Korea. Discussions about pollution are common and often carry strong public sentiment.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a factory (오) with a big, dirty 'yeom' (염) stain on its side, spewing out smoke that 'sick' (시)ens the air and 'key' (키) to our health, making everything 'da' (다)maged. The factory is actively '오염시키다'-ing the environment.

Association visuelle

Picture a vibrant green forest being sprayed with a dark, viscous liquid from a factory chimney. The dark liquid symbolizes the '오염' (pollution) spreading and '시키는' (making) the forest sick. Focus on the visual contrast between the healthy forest and the encroaching contamination.

Word Web

오염시키다 (to pollute) 환경 (environment) 강물 (river water) 대기 (air) 토양 (soil) 유해 물질 (harmful substance) 산업 폐기물 (industrial waste) 정화 (purification)

Défi

Try to describe a polluted scene using '오염시키다' and its related terms. For example, describe how car exhaust pollutes the air in a city, or how plastic waste pollutes the ocean. Use the passive form '오염되다' as well to show the effect.

Origine du mot

The word '오염시키다' is derived from the Sino-Korean word '汚染' (o-yeom). '汚' (o) means 'dirty' or 'foul', and '染' (yeom) means 'to dye' or 'to stain'. Therefore, the literal meaning is 'to dye dirty' or 'to stain foul'. The suffix '-시키다' (-sikida) is a causative verb ending, meaning 'to make something happen' or 'to cause'. Thus, '오염시키다' literally means 'to cause to be dyed dirty' or 'to cause to be stained foul'.

Sens originel : To cause to be dirty/foul/stained.

Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)

Contexte culturel

When discussing pollution, especially in Korea, it's important to be aware of the strong public sentiment regarding environmental protection. Accusations of polluting activities can be sensitive, and discussions often revolve around finding sustainable solutions and holding responsible parties accountable.

In English, 'to pollute' and 'to contaminate' are the primary translations. The figurative uses can extend to 'to corrupt', 'to taint', or 'to poison' abstract concepts.

The 'Four Major Rivers Restoration Project' in South Korea, while aimed at improving water quality, also involved discussions about past pollution and future prevention, often using terms related to '오염'. The issue of fine dust (미세먼지) is a major environmental concern in Korea, frequently discussed in relation to air pollution and how it '오염시킨다' daily life. Historical environmental disasters or pollution incidents often become topics of discussion and remembrance, highlighting the consequences of actions that '오염시키다' the environment.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Environmental News Reports

  • 강물이 오염되고 있다.
  • 대기 오염이 심각하다.
  • 환경을 오염시키는 행위.
  • 오염 물질 배출 규제.

Public Health Announcements

  • 식수원이 오염되지 않도록 주의하세요.
  • 음식물 쓰레기가 물을 오염시킬 수 있습니다.
  • 깨끗한 환경을 유지하는 것이 중요합니다.
  • 오염된 음식은 건강에 해롭습니다.

Discussions about Industry and Development

  • 공장이 환경을 오염시킨다.
  • 산업 폐기물 처리 문제.
  • 개발이 자연을 오염시킨다.
  • 환경 영향을 최소화하다.

Figurative Language (Social Issues)

  • 부정적인 소문이 사회를 오염시킨다.
  • 건전한 문화를 오염시키지 말아야 한다.
  • 그의 말은 진실을 오염시켰다.
  • 악의적인 정보가 정신을 오염시킨다.

Everyday Conversations about Cleanliness

  • 쓰레기를 아무데나 버리면 땅을 오염시켜요.
  • 우리가 환경을 오염시키지 않도록 노력해야 해요.
  • 깨끗한 물은 오염시키면 안 돼요.
  • 이것은 환경을 오염시키는 행동입니다.

Amorces de conversation

"What are the biggest environmental issues in your country that '오염시키다' relates to?"

"Can you think of a time when something was '오염시키다'ed in your experience, either literally or figuratively?"

"How can we teach younger generations not to '오염시키다' the environment?"

"What are some common '오염시키는 요인' (factors that pollute) in urban areas?"

"Besides environmental pollution, in what other ways can things be '오염시키다'ed?"

Sujets d'écriture

Describe a place you know that has been affected by pollution. Use the verb '오염시키다' and related vocabulary.

Write about the importance of preventing pollution. How does '오염시키다' affect our lives and future?

Imagine you are an environmental activist. Write a short speech about the dangers of pollution and the need to stop companies from '오염시키다'-ing the environment.

Reflect on the figurative meanings of '오염시키다'. How can ideas, reputations, or cultures be 'polluted'?

What personal actions can you take to avoid '오염시키다'-ing the environment in your daily life?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

'오염시키다' is an active verb meaning 'to pollute' or 'to contaminate'. The subject is the one doing the polluting. For example, '공장이 강물을 오염시키다' (The factory pollutes the river). '오염되다' is the passive verb meaning 'to be polluted' or 'to become contaminated'. The subject is the thing that is being polluted. For example, '강물이 오염되다' (The river becomes polluted).

Yes, '오염시키다' can be used figuratively. For instance, it can describe polluting one's mind with bad ideas ('정신을 오염시키다'), or corrupting a discussion or atmosphere ('분위기를 오염시키다'). However, its primary and most common usage is for environmental pollution.

Common subjects that '오염시키다' include: industrial waste (산업 폐기물), car exhaust (자동차 배기가스), pesticides (농약), chemical substances (화학 물질), plastic waste (플라스틱 쓰레기), and harmful information (유해한 정보). Common objects being polluted are: rivers (강물), air (대기), soil (토양), oceans (바다), and sometimes abstract concepts like trust (신뢰) or atmosphere (분위기).

'오염시키다' itself is a neutral verb. Its formality depends on the ending attached. For example, '오염시킵니다' is formal, '오염시켜요' is polite informal, and '오염시켜' is informal. The base verb form '오염시키다' is often used in neutral contexts like news reports or factual statements.

The noun form is '오염' (oyeom), which means 'pollution' or 'contamination'. For example, '대기 오염' means 'air pollution'.

The passive form is '오염되다' (oyeom-doeda). So, if a river is polluted, you would say '강물이 오염되었다' (The river became polluted).

Yes, common words include '정화하다' (jeonghwa-hada), which means 'to purify', and '복원하다' (bogwon-hada), which means 'to restore' or 'rehabilitate' an environment.

Yes, it can be used, but '식중독을 일으키다' (to cause food poisoning) or '음식이 오염되다' (food becomes contaminated) are more common. However, you could say '세균이 음식을 오염시켰다' (Bacteria contaminated the food).

'오염시키다' implies harmful contamination that degrades quality and can have long-term effects, often related to health or environmental safety. '더럽히다' is a more general term for making something physically dirty or soiled, which might not be harmful. For example, spilling mud on clothes '더럽히다's them, but industrial waste '오염시키다's a river.

Try writing sentences about environmental problems in Korea or your own country. Watch Korean news or documentaries about pollution and note how the word is used. Create scenarios where you need to warn someone about polluting something.

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