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B2 adjective #1,500 le plus courant 12 min de lecture

사회적

sahoejeok Top 1,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 사회적 en 30 secondes

Explication 사회적 in your Level:

At the A1 beginner level, the word 사회적 (social) is generally considered too advanced and abstract for active production. Beginners at this stage are primarily focused on immediate, concrete vocabulary related to themselves, their daily routines, basic objects, and simple interactions (e.g., family, food, numbers, basic verbs). However, it is still beneficial for A1 learners to be introduced to the root noun 사회 (society) as a foundational building block for future learning. Understanding that Korean vocabulary is often built from Sino-Korean roots will help learners recognize patterns later on. At this stage, if a learner encounters the word in a textbook or hears it in a simple news broadcast, the goal is merely passive recognition—understanding that the topic has shifted from personal matters to something involving a larger group of people. Teachers might introduce the concept by contrasting 'me' (나) with 'everyone' or 'society' (사회) in very simple terms. The suffix 적 (jeok) is a grammatical concept that is typically introduced at the B1 level, so A1 learners should not worry about how to form or use these modifiers yet. Instead, they should focus on recognizing the sound and the general context in which it appears. For example, if they hear a phrase like '사회 문제' (social problem), they should try to catch the word '문제' (problem), which is a high-frequency A1/A2 word, and deduce that it is a problem affecting many people. Building this kind of passive listening skill is crucial for long-term language acquisition. In summary, while A1 learners do not need to memorize or actively use this specific adjective, familiarizing themselves with its root noun and general meaning sets a solid foundation for their progression into intermediate Korean.

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At the A2 elementary level, learners begin to expand their vocabulary beyond their immediate personal sphere and start discussing familiar topics related to their environment, such as work, school, and local community. While the full abstract usage of 사회적 is still quite advanced, A2 learners can begin to learn a few high-frequency, set phrases that utilize this word. The most prominent example in recent years is 사회적 거리두기 (social distancing). Because this phrase became a global phenomenon and a daily reality, even elementary learners need to understand and use it to navigate daily life, read public signs, and understand basic instructions. At this level, the focus should be on memorizing these specific collocations as single vocabulary items rather than analyzing the grammar behind the 적 suffix. Another useful phrase for A2 learners might be 사회 생활 (social life or working life), which is extremely common when discussing jobs and interacting with colleagues. Learners should practice using these phrases in simple, straightforward sentences. For instance, '사회적 거리두기를 해야 합니다' (We must practice social distancing) or '사회 생활이 힘들어요' (Working life is hard). By learning these phrases as chunks, A2 learners can participate in basic conversations about current events and daily routines without getting bogged down in complex grammar. Furthermore, encountering these phrases helps reinforce the concept that Korean uses specific vocabulary to distinguish between personal and public spheres, a cultural nuance that becomes increasingly important as learners progress. Teachers should encourage A2 students to listen for these phrases in public announcements or simple news headlines, thereby improving their listening comprehension and cultural awareness.

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The B1 intermediate level is the crucial stage where learners must actively acquire and understand the grammatical function of the word 사회적. At this level, learners are introduced to the highly productive Sino-Korean suffix 적 (jeok), which transforms nouns into descriptive modifiers. Understanding this mechanism is a major milestone in Korean language learning, as it unlocks hundreds of new vocabulary words. Learners must practice attaching 적 to various nouns (e.g., 개인 -> 개인적, 역사 -> 역사적) and using them to modify other nouns directly without additional particles. For the target word, learners should focus on mastering common collocations such as 사회적 문제 (social problem), 사회적 지위 (social status), and 사회적 책임 (social responsibility). At the B1 level, students are expected to express their opinions on familiar societal topics, describe experiences, and explain the reasons behind their viewpoints. Therefore, being able to say sentences like '요즘 환경 오염은 큰 사회적 문제입니다' (Nowadays, environmental pollution is a big social problem) is essential. Furthermore, B1 learners should learn how to use the adverbial form 사회적으로 (socially) to describe how actions impact society or how things are perceived by the public. Practicing the distinction between the noun modifier (사회적 + Noun) and the adverb (사회적으로 + Verb) will significantly improve grammatical accuracy. Teachers should incorporate reading materials such as short news articles, opinion pieces, or blog posts that discuss societal trends, asking students to identify and analyze the use of these terms. By the end of the B1 level, learners should feel comfortable using this vocabulary to elevate their conversations from simple daily recounts to more thoughtful discussions about the world around them.

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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, the word 사회적 becomes a core component of the learner's active vocabulary, essential for achieving fluency and communicative competence in a wide range of formal and informal settings. B2 learners are expected to understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. Consequently, they must be able to use this word to articulate nuanced arguments, debate current events, and analyze societal trends. The vocabulary expands to include more sophisticated collocations such as 사회적 합의 (social consensus), 사회적 약자 (the socially vulnerable), 사회적 불평등 (social inequality), and 사회적 인식 (social perception). Learners must demonstrate the ability to construct complex sentences that integrate these concepts smoothly. For example, '이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 먼저 사회적 합의를 이끌어내는 것이 중요합니다' (To solve this problem, it is important to first draw out a social consensus). Furthermore, B2 learners should be highly aware of the register and tone of their language, understanding that using Sino-Korean vocabulary like this adds a level of formality and academic rigor to their speech and writing. This is particularly important for students preparing for proficiency exams like TOPIK II, where the ability to write formal essays (writing section) and comprehend news broadcasts or lectures (listening and reading sections) heavily depends on mastering this type of vocabulary. Teachers should challenge B2 students with authentic materials, such as news debates, documentaries, and newspaper editorials, requiring them to summarize the arguments and express their own opinions using the target vocabulary accurately and persuasively. Mastery at this level means the word is no longer just translated in the learner's head, but used intuitively to structure complex thoughts in Korean.

At the C1 advanced level, learners possess a high degree of fluency and spontaneity, allowing them to use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. The use of 사회적 at this stage is characterized by precision, nuance, and an understanding of complex socio-cultural contexts. C1 learners engage with sophisticated texts, such as academic papers, political commentary, and literary critiques, where this word is used to dissect intricate societal structures and historical shifts. They are expected to understand and produce highly specific terminology, such as 사회적 자본 (social capital), 사회적 이동성 (social mobility), 사회적 배제 (social exclusion), and 사회적 담론 (social discourse). At this level, the challenge is not merely grammatical accuracy, but rather the ability to use the vocabulary to construct compelling, well-reasoned arguments that reflect a deep understanding of Korean society. For instance, a C1 learner might write an essay analyzing how rapid economic development has impacted the '사회적 연대' (social solidarity) in modern Korea. They must also be adept at recognizing the subtle connotations and political implications of how these terms are used in different media outlets or by different demographic groups. Furthermore, C1 learners should seamlessly integrate the adverbial form (사회적으로) into complex sentence structures to modify entire clauses, demonstrating syntactic mastery. Teachers should facilitate high-level debates and analytical writing assignments, encouraging students to critically evaluate the '사회적 파급력' (social repercussion) of various policies or events. By mastering this vocabulary at the C1 level, learners demonstrate their ability to participate fully in the intellectual and professional discourse of the Korean-speaking world.

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At the C2 mastery level, the learner's command of the word 사회적 is virtually indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. C2 learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read, and can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Their use of this vocabulary is characterized by an effortless command of idiomatic expressions, nuanced collocations, and register shifts. They can employ the term in highly abstract, philosophical, or theoretical discussions, manipulating the language to convey subtle shades of meaning. For example, a C2 learner might discuss the epistemological foundations of a '사회적 구성물' (social construct) or analyze the '사회적 병리 현상' (social pathological phenomena) within a specific cultural framework. They are acutely aware of the historical evolution of societal concepts in Korea and can use vocabulary to reflect this understanding. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, the focus is on stylistic elegance and rhetorical effectiveness. The learner can use the word to persuade, critique, or inspire, adapting their tone perfectly to the audience and the medium, whether it be a formal keynote address, a peer-reviewed academic article, or a sophisticated literary piece. They understand the intricate interplay between individual agency and societal structures, and their language reflects this deep, internalized comprehension of the Korean worldview. Teachers working with C2 learners act more as intellectual peers, engaging in rigorous discussions and providing feedback on the stylistic subtleties and rhetorical impact of the learner's language production, ensuring that their use of terms like this is not only correct but also powerful and evocative.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

사회적 en 30 secondes

Relating to society or community.
Used to modify nouns about public life.
Opposite of personal or individual.
Essential for news and academic Korean.

The Korean word 사회적 is a highly frequent and essential vocabulary item that translates to 'social' in English. It is an adjective derived from the Sino-Korean noun 사회, which means 'society', combined with the suffix 적, which functions similarly to the English suffixes '-ic' or '-al', transforming a noun into a descriptive word meaning 'relating to' or 'having the characteristics of'. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone aiming to reach an intermediate or advanced level in Korean, as it forms the basis for discussing a wide array of topics ranging from daily life to complex political and economic issues. When you encounter this word, it almost always precedes another noun, modifying it to indicate that the concept is connected to the collective human experience, community structures, or public interactions rather than individual or private matters.

인간은 사회적 동물이다.

This fundamental concept is deeply ingrained in Korean culture, which places a strong emphasis on collective harmony, community responsibility, and interpersonal relationships. The concept of society in Korea is not just an abstract idea; it is a lived reality that dictates behavior, language use, and social expectations. Therefore, mastering the use of this adjective opens up a deeper understanding of Korean societal norms and values.

Morphology: The root 사회 (sa-hoe) means society, and the suffix 적 (jeok) means 'pertaining to'. Together, they form a descriptive modifier.

In modern Korean discourse, you will frequently hear this term in news broadcasts, read it in newspapers, and encounter it in academic texts. It is the building block for numerous compound phrases that describe the modern human condition. For instance, discussions about inequality, welfare, and public health heavily rely on this vocabulary.

최근 사회적 문제가 심각해지고 있습니다.

The versatility of this word cannot be overstated. It allows speakers to elevate their language from simple, concrete descriptions of daily routines to abstract, analytical discussions of the world around them. Whether you are talking about social media, social distancing, or social status, this is the word you will need.

Antonym Contrast: The most common direct opposite is 개인적 (personal/individual), highlighting the dichotomy between the collective and the self in Korean thought.

그것은 사회적 합의가 필요한 사안입니다.

Furthermore, the usage of this term has expanded significantly with the advent of the internet and globalized communication. Concepts that were previously localized are now discussed on a national or global scale, requiring vocabulary that can capture the breadth of these interactions.

우리는 사회적 책임을 다해야 합니다.

In summary, to truly grasp the meaning of this word, one must look beyond its simple dictionary translation and understand its role as a linguistic pivot point for discussing human connection, collective challenges, and the shared structures that govern our lives.

Core Concept: It encapsulates everything that happens when two or more people interact, form groups, create rules, and build communities.

이 현상은 사회적 변화를 반영합니다.

By integrating this word into your vocabulary, you equip yourself with the tools necessary to engage in meaningful, high-level conversations with native Korean speakers about the issues that matter most in contemporary society.

Using the word 사회적 correctly involves understanding its grammatical function as a noun modifier. In Korean grammar, words ending in the suffix 적 (jeok) are typically placed immediately before the noun they describe. This structure is incredibly common and forms the backbone of formal and academic Korean. For example, to say 'social problem', you simply place the modifier before the noun for problem (문제), resulting in 사회적 문제. This straightforward syntactic rule makes it relatively easy for learners to start forming complex, sophisticated phrases early in their language journey.

정부는 사회적 약자를 보호해야 합니다.

However, it is important to note that while it often translates directly to an English adjective, its behavior in Korean is slightly different. It does not conjugate like descriptive verbs (Korean adjectives like 예쁘다 or 크다). Instead, it remains invariable when placed before a noun.

Grammar Rule: Noun + 적 + Noun. The word ending in 적 acts as a modifier for the following noun without needing any additional particles like 의, though 의 can sometimes be added for emphasis.

When you want to use it as a predicate (to say 'It is social'), you must attach the copula 이다 (to be), making it 사회적이다. This can then be conjugated according to the politeness level and tense, such as 사회적입니다 (formal polite) or 사회적이에요 (standard polite).

그 기업의 활동은 매우 사회적입니다.

Let us explore some of the most frequent collocations. You will often hear 사회적 거리두기 (social distancing), a phrase that became ubiquitous during the global pandemic. Another common phrase is 사회적 지위 (social status), which is a significant concept in Korean culture given its hierarchical nature based on age, profession, and education.

Collocation Focus: Pairing this word with 책임 (responsibility) creates '사회적 책임' (social responsibility), a term frequently used in business contexts to discuss corporate ethics.

기업의 사회적 책임이 강조되고 있다.

Furthermore, the term is used to discuss broad societal shifts, such as 사회적 변화 (social change) or 사회적 현상 (social phenomenon). When writing essays or giving presentations in Korean, utilizing these collocations will immediately elevate the perceived fluency and academic rigor of your language.

이것은 단순한 개인의 문제가 아니라 사회적 현상이다.

It is also important to practice transitioning between the adjectival form (사회적) and the adverbial form (사회적으로). For instance, saying 'It is a social problem' (사회적 문제이다) versus 'It is socially problematic' (사회적으로 문제가 된다). Both convey similar meanings but offer syntactic variety that makes your Korean sound more natural and native-like.

Adverbial Usage: By adding 으로, you shift the focus from describing a noun to describing the manner or context of a verb or entire clause.

그 발언은 사회적으로 큰 파장을 일으켰다.

Mastering these usage patterns will significantly improve your ability to communicate complex ideas effectively in Korean.

The word 사회적 is ubiquitous in modern Korean life, appearing across a wide spectrum of contexts from formal news broadcasts to casual conversations about current events. If you turn on any Korean television news channel, such as KBS, MBC, or SBS, you are guaranteed to hear this word multiple times within a single broadcast. News anchors use it to frame stories about public policy, crime, economic trends, and cultural shifts. It is the go-to modifier for elevating a specific incident into a broader discussion about the state of the nation.

오늘 뉴스에서는 심각한 사회적 갈등을 다룹니다.

Beyond the news, this term is deeply embedded in the academic and educational spheres. In university lectures, textbooks, and academic journals, it is used to analyze human behavior, institutional structures, and historical developments. Sociology, political science, and economics rely heavily on this vocabulary to distinguish collective phenomena from individual actions.

Academic Context: In academic writing, precision is key. This word helps scholars specify that their analysis pertains to the macro-level structures of society rather than micro-level psychological factors.

You will also frequently encounter this word in the corporate world. Korean companies are increasingly focused on their public image and corporate governance, leading to frequent discussions about '사회적 책임' (Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR). Annual reports, press releases, and business meetings often feature this phrase as companies strive to demonstrate their positive impact on the community.

우리 회사는 사회적 가치 창출에 앞장서고 있습니다.

In everyday conversation, while perhaps slightly less frequent than in formal writing, it is still commonly used when people discuss the news, debate politics, or talk about societal trends. For example, friends might discuss the '사회적 분위기' (social atmosphere) regarding a recent controversy or the '사회적 인식' (social perception) of a particular minority group.

Daily Conversations: Even in casual settings, Koreans often reference societal norms and expectations, making this word a natural part of discussions about career choices, marriage, and lifestyle.

요즘은 그런 직업에 대한 사회적 인식이 많이 좋아졌어.

The rise of social media has also cemented the importance of this word. Platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter are referred to as 소셜 미디어 (social media) or SNS (Social Networking Service), but the impact of these platforms is often discussed using the native Korean term, analyzing the '사회적 영향' (social impact) of viral trends or online behavior.

SNS의 발달은 엄청난 사회적 파급력을 가집니다.

Finally, public health campaigns and government announcements rely on this terminology to communicate guidelines to the public. The phrase '사회적 거리두기' (social distancing) is a prime example of how this word is used to mobilize collective action for the greater good.

Public Policy: Government directives use this vocabulary to emphasize that compliance is a matter of civic duty and community welfare.

내일부터 강화된 사회적 거리두기가 시행됩니다.

Understanding the diverse contexts in which this word appears will help you navigate Korean media, academic literature, and daily conversations with much greater confidence and comprehension.

While the word 사회적 is incredibly useful, learners often make a few common mistakes when trying to integrate it into their Korean vocabulary. One of the most frequent errors is confusing it with the English loanword '소셜' (social). While '소셜' is used in specific modern contexts like '소셜 미디어' (social media) or '소셜 커머스' (social commerce), it cannot be used interchangeably with the Sino-Korean term in formal or academic contexts. For example, saying '소셜 문제' instead of '사회적 문제' sounds extremely unnatural and incorrect to a native speaker. The native Sino-Korean term carries a weight and formality that the English loanword lacks.

그것은 심각한 사회적 문제입니다. (Correct) / 그것은 심각한 소셜 문제입니다. (Incorrect)

Another common mistake involves the grammatical handling of the suffix 적. Because it translates to an adjective in English, learners sometimes try to conjugate it like a Korean descriptive verb (e.g., trying to say 사회적은 or 사회적이다 as a modifier directly before a noun). Remember that words ending in 적 act as direct noun modifiers without needing the 은/는 conjugation typical of descriptive verbs. You simply place it directly before the noun.

Modifier Rule: Do not add descriptive verb endings to words ending in 적 when modifying a noun. Just use the word as is: 사회적 + Noun.

사회적 지위 (Correct) / 사회적인 지위 (Acceptable but less common) / 사회적은 지위 (Incorrect)

Learners also sometimes struggle with the distinction between 사회적 (social) and 사교적 (sociable). While both relate to interacting with people, their meanings are quite different. 사회적 refers to society at large, structural issues, and collective phenomena. 사교적, on the other hand, describes a person's personality—someone who is outgoing, friendly, and enjoys socializing. Calling a person '사회적' when you mean they are outgoing is a significant semantic error.

Semantic Confusion: Use 사교적 (sociable) for personality traits. Use 사회적 (social) for societal issues and structures.

제 친구는 아주 사교적인 사람입니다. (My friend is a very sociable person.)

Furthermore, there can be confusion regarding when to use the adverbial form 사회적으로 versus the adjectival form. If you are modifying a verb or an entire sentence, you must attach 으로. If you use the adjectival form to modify a verb, the sentence will be grammatically incorrect and confusing.

이 문제는 사회적으로 해결해야 합니다. (Correct) / 이 문제는 사회적 해결해야 합니다. (Incorrect)

Lastly, overusing the word can make your speech sound overly formal or stiff in casual settings. While it is perfect for debates or essays, using it to describe simple daily interactions might sound pretentious. Knowing the appropriate register and context is just as important as knowing the grammatical rules.

Register Awareness: Reserve this vocabulary for discussions that genuinely involve broader societal implications rather than personal, everyday anecdotes.

우리의 사회적 연대가 필요한 시점입니다.

By being mindful of these common pitfalls, you can ensure that your use of this important vocabulary word is both accurate and natural.

When expanding your Korean vocabulary, it is helpful to understand words that are related to or share similar contexts with 사회적. While this word is the primary term for 'social' in a broad, structural sense, there are several other words that cover different nuances of human interaction, community, and public life. Understanding these distinctions will allow you to express yourself with much greater precision and nuance. One closely related concept is 공공의 (public). While 'social' refers to society as a whole, 'public' specifically refers to things shared by all members of a community, often provided or regulated by the government.

도서관은 공공의 장소이며, 이는 사회적 자산입니다.

Another important related term is 대중적 (popular/mass). This word is used when describing something that appeals to or involves the general public, the masses. While a social issue (사회적 문제) might affect everyone, a popular song (대중적인 노래) is something enjoyed by many. The focus shifts from structural societal elements to widespread popularity or mass consumption.

Nuance Comparison: Use 사회적 for structural, systemic, or relational aspects of society. Use 대중적 for things related to mass appeal, pop culture, or the general populace's tastes.

그 영화는 사회적 메시지를 담고 있으면서도 대중적인 성공을 거두었다.

We must also consider the word 사교적 (sociable), which was mentioned in the common mistakes section. It is vital to remember that this describes a personality trait, not a societal structure. A person who is good at mingling at parties is 사교적, but the rules governing how people interact at those parties are 사회적 규범 (social norms).

Personality vs. Structure: 사교적 applies to individuals. 사회적 applies to groups, phenomena, and abstract concepts.

그는 사교적인 성격 덕분에 사회적 관계망을 넓힐 수 있었다.

Additionally, the word 공동체적 (communal) is highly relevant. While society (사회) can be a large, impersonal entity like a nation, a community (공동체) implies a closer, more tightly-knit group of people sharing common values or living in the same area. Therefore, 공동체적 refers to things pertaining to this shared, communal life, emphasizing solidarity and mutual support more strongly than the broader, more neutral term.

우리는 사회적 위기 속에서 공동체적 연대를 발휘해야 한다.

Finally, it is useful to contrast these terms with 개인적 (personal/individual). Understanding the spectrum from the deeply personal (개인적) to the communal (공동체적) and finally to the broad societal level (사회적) provides a comprehensive framework for discussing human existence in Korean.

The Spectrum: 개인적 (Individual) -> 공동체적 (Communal) -> 사회적 (Societal) -> 국가적 (National) -> 세계적 (Global).

이것은 개인적 취향의 문제가 아니라 사회적 기준의 문제입니다.

By mastering this web of related vocabulary, you will be able to articulate your thoughts on complex issues with the precision and eloquence of an advanced Korean speaker.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Noun + 적 (Suffix turning nouns into modifiers)

Noun + 적으로 (Suffix turning nouns into adverbs)

Noun + 적이다 (Suffix turning nouns into predicates)

Noun modifier + Noun structure

Formal polite endings (ㅂ니다/습니다) often used with this vocabulary

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Exemples par niveau

사회 선생님이 좋습니다.

I like the society (social studies) teacher.

Uses the root noun 사회 (society/social studies) as a subject.

이것은 사회 책입니다.

This is a social studies book.

Simple noun modification: Noun + Noun.

사회 시간이 재미있어요.

Social studies class is fun.

Basic subject marker 이/가.

우리는 사회를 배웁니다.

We learn about society.

Object marker 를.

사회 문제가 있어요.

There is a social problem.

Basic existence verb 있다.

사회가 커요.

The society is big.

Basic descriptive verb 크다.

좋은 사회를 만들어요.

Let's make a good society.

Adjective 좋은 modifying a noun.

한국 사회를 알아요?

Do you know Korean society?

Question form of 알다 (to know).

사회적 거리두기를 하세요.

Please practice social distancing.

Imperative form (으)세요.

사회적 규칙을 지켜야 합니다.

We must follow social rules.

Obligation form 아/어야 하다.

그것은 사회적 문제입니다.

That is a social problem.

Formal copula 입니다.

사회적 동물이 무엇입니까?

What is a social animal?

Formal question form 입니까.

우리는 사회적 관계가 필요해요.

We need social relationships.

Verb 필요하다 takes the subject marker 이/가.

사회적 활동을 많이 합니다.

I do a lot of social activities.

Adverb 많이 modifying a verb.

사회적 변화가 빠릅니다.

Social change is fast.

Descriptive verb 빠르다.

사회적 지위가 중요해요?

Is social status important?

Informal polite question.

환경 오염은 심각한 사회적 문제입니다.

Environmental pollution is a serious social problem.

Adjective 심각한 modifying a noun phrase.

기업은 사회적 책임을 다해야 합니다.

Companies must fulfill their social responsibilities.

Idiomatic phrase 책임을 다하다 (to fulfill responsibility).

인터넷의 발달로 사회적 변화가 일어났습니다.

Social changes occurred due to the development of the internet.

Particle (으)로 indicating cause.

그 사건은 사회적으로 큰 충격을 주었습니다.

The incident gave a big shock socially.

Adverbial form 사회적으로.

우리는 사회적 약자를 도와야 할 의무가 있습니다.

We have an obligation to help the socially vulnerable.

Grammar pattern ㄹ/을 의무가 있다.

현대 사회에서는 사회적 기술이 매우 중요해졌습니다.

In modern society, social skills have become very important.

Change of state grammar 아/어지다.

그의 발언은 사회적 합의를 이끌어내기 어렵습니다.

His remarks make it difficult to draw a social consensus.

Grammar pattern 기 어렵다 (difficult to).

이 정책은 사회적 불평등을 줄이기 위해 만들어졌습니다.

This policy was made to reduce social inequality.

Purpose grammar 기 위해(서).

저출산 현상은 국가의 미래를 위협하는 핵심적인 사회적 과제입니다.

The low birth rate phenomenon is a core social task threatening the nation's future.

Complex noun modification using 는.

소셜 미디어의 확산은 개인의 일상뿐만 아니라 사회적 구조에도 영향을 미쳤습니다.

The spread of social media has influenced not only individuals' daily lives but also the social structure.

Grammar pattern 뿐만 아니라 (not only... but also).

정부는 사회적 갈등을 해소하기 위한 다각적인 대책을 마련해야 합니다.

The government must prepare multifaceted measures to resolve social conflicts.

Verb 마련하다 used with policy/measures.

그 예술 작품은 당시의 억압적인 사회적 분위기를 잘 반영하고 있습니다.

That artwork well reflects the oppressive social atmosphere of the time.

Present progressive form 고 있다 used for continuous state.

경제 성장과 함께 사회적 안전망의 확충이 반드시 병행되어야 합니다.

Along with economic growth, the expansion of the social safety net must necessarily be carried out in parallel.

Passive voice 병행되다.

특정 집단에 대한 사회적 편견은 쉽게 사라지지 않는 경향이 있습니다.

Social prejudice against a specific group tends not to disappear easily.

Grammar pattern 는 경향이 있다 (tends to).

이러한 현상을 단순히 개인의 일탈로 볼 것이 아니라 사회적 맥락에서 이해해야 합니다.

We should not view this phenomenon simply as individual deviation but understand it in a social context.

Grammar pattern (으)로 볼 것이 아니라 (not to be seen as... but).

시민 단체들은 기업의 사회적 가치 창출을 지속적으로 요구하고 있습니다.

Civic groups are continuously demanding the creation of social value from companies.

Adverb 지속적으로 (continuously).

해당 정책의 도입은 기존의 사회적 계층 구조를 고착화시킬 우려가 다분합니다.

There is a high concern that the introduction of the policy will solidify the existing social class structure.

Causative verb 고착화시키다 and grammar ㄹ/을 우려가 있다.

포스트 모더니즘 문학은 절대적 진리를 거부하고 사회적 담론의 다원성을 강조합니다.

Postmodern literature rejects absolute truth and emphasizes the plurality of social discourse.

Advanced vocabulary 다원성 (plurality) and 담론 (discourse).

급격한 산업화 과정에서 파생된 사회적 병리 현상들을 치유하기 위한 거시적 접근이 요구됩니다.

A macroscopic approach is required to heal the social pathological phenomena derived from the rapid industrialization process.

Passive modification 파생된 and formal passive 요구되다.

개인의 성취는 온전히 개인의 능력에 기인한다기보다는 사회적 자본의 뒷받침에 크게 의존합니다.

An individual's achievement relies heavily on the support of social capital rather than being entirely attributed to individual ability.

Grammar pattern ㄴ/는다기보다는 (rather than saying that...).

언론은 권력을 감시하고 비판함으로써 민주주의의 사회적 공기(公器)로서의 역할을 수행해야 합니다.

The press must fulfill its role as a social public institution of democracy by monitoring and criticizing power.

Grammar pattern (으)로써 (by means of) and (으)로서 (as a capacity).

디지털 격차는 단순한 정보 접근성의 문제를 넘어 새로운 형태의 사회적 배제를 야기하고 있습니다.

The digital divide is going beyond a simple issue of information accessibility and causing a new form of social exclusion.

Verb 야기하다 (to cause/bring about) used in formal contexts.

복지 제도의 확충은 시혜적 차원이 아니라 시민의 기본적 권리라는 사회적 합의에 도달해야 합니다.

The expansion of the welfare system must reach a social consensus that it is a basic right of citizens, not a matter of charity.

Noun phrase 시혜적 차원이 아니라 (not on a charitable level).

이 연구는 인간의 이타적 행동이 진화론적 관점뿐만 아니라 사회문화적 맥락에서 어떻게 형성되는지 규명하고자 합니다.

This study aims to investigate how human altruistic behavior is formed not only from an evolutionary perspective but also in a sociocultural context.

Grammar pattern 고자 하다 (intends to/aims to).

신자유주의적 경제 질서의 재편은 필연적으로 노동 시장의 유연화를 수반하며, 이는 곧 사회적 안전망의 전면적인 재설계를 요동치게 합니다.

The reorganization of the neoliberal economic order inevitably entails the flexibilization of the labor market, which in turn violently shakes the need for a comprehensive redesign of the social safety net.

Highly complex sentence structure with advanced academic vocabulary (신자유주의적, 수반하며).

푸코의 권력 이론에 기대어 볼 때, 현대 사회의 감시 체계는 물리적 강제가 아닌 내면화된 사회적 규율을 통해 주체를 통제합니다.

Relying on Foucault's theory of power, the surveillance system of modern society controls the subject not through physical coercion but through internalized social discipline.

Grammar pattern 에 기대어 볼 때 (when viewed relying on...).

해당 법안의 위헌 여부를 둘러싼 논쟁은 단순한 법리적 해석의 차이를 넘어, 우리 사회가 지향해야 할 궁극적인 사회적 가치에 대한 근본적인 물음을 던지고 있습니다.

The debate over the unconstitutionality of the bill goes beyond a simple difference in legal interpretation and poses a fundamental question about the ultimate social values our society should pursue.

Noun modification using 지향해야 할 (that must be pursued).

기후 위기는 더 이상 미래 세대의 잠재적 위협이 아니라, 현세대의 생존을 위협하는 가장 시급하고도 파괴적인 사회적 재난으로 격상되었습니다.

The climate crisis is no longer a potential threat to future generations, but has been elevated to the most urgent and destructive social disaster threatening the survival of the current generation.

Grammar pattern (으)로 격상되다 (to be elevated to the status of).

인공지능 기술의 고도화가 초래할 노동의 종말이라는 디스토피아적 전망 속에서, 우리는 노동의 의미를 재정의하고 새로운 사회적 계약을 체결해야 하는 역사적 변곡점에 서 있습니다.

Amidst the dystopian prospect of the end of labor brought about by the advancement of AI technology, we stand at a historical inflection point where we must redefine the meaning of labor and forge a new social contract.

Complex relative clauses modifying 변곡점 (inflection point).

문화 자본의 세습을 통한 계급 재생산 구조는 겉으로는 능력주의의 형태를 띠고 있으나, 실질적으로는 견고한 사회적 장벽으로 기능하며 기회의 평등을 심각하게 훼손하고 있습니다.

The structure of class reproduction through the inheritance of cultural capital outwardly takes the form of meritocracy, but practically functions as a solid social barrier, seriously undermining equality of opportunity.

Contrastive conjunction (으)나 used in formal writing.

담론의 장이 극단적으로 양극화된 현 상황에서, 합리적 이성에 기반한 숙의 민주주의의 복원은 파편화된 사회적 연대를 재건하기 위한 필수불가결한 전제 조건입니다.

In the current situation where the arena of discourse is extremely polarized, the restoration of deliberative democracy based on rational reason is an indispensable prerequisite for rebuilding fragmented social solidarity.

Advanced vocabulary 필수불가결한 (indispensable) and 숙의 민주주의 (deliberative democracy).

이데올로기적 환상에서 벗어나 물상화된 현실의 모순을 직시하는 비판적 성찰만이, 우리를 억압하는 보이지 않는 사회적 굴레로부터 해방시킬 수 있는 유일한 실천적 무기입니다.

Only critical reflection that breaks free from ideological illusions and faces the contradictions of reified reality is the only practical weapon that can liberate us from the invisible social fetters that oppress us.

Exclusive particle 만이 (only) emphasizing the subject.

Synonymes

공동의 공적인 집단적

Antonymes

개인적 사적인

Collocations courantes

사회적 문제

사회적 거리두기

사회적 지위

사회적 책임

사회적 합의

사회적 약자

사회적 인식

사회적 갈등

사회적 현상

사회적 변화

Phrases Courantes

사회적 거리를 두다

사회적 책임을 다하다

사회적 합의를 이루다

사회적 지위가 높다

사회적 약자를 보호하다

사회적 이슈로 떠오르다

사회적 인식을 개선하다

사회적 파장을 일으키다

사회적 비용이 발생하다

사회적 가치를 창출하다

Souvent confondu avec

사회적 vs 사교적 (sociable)

사회적 vs 소셜 (social - English loanword used in specific contexts like social media)

사회적 vs 공공의 (public)

Expressions idiomatiques

"사회적 동물"

"사회적 사다리"

"사회적 안전망"

"사회적 낙인"

"사회적 자본"

"사회적 타살"

"사회적 기업"

"사회적 면역"

"사회적 거리"

"사회적 시선"

Facile à confondre

사회적 vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

note

While highly frequent, overuse in casual conversation can make the speaker sound pedantic. It is best reserved for discussions that genuinely warrant a macroscopic perspective.

Erreurs courantes

Using 사회적 to describe an outgoing personality (should be 사교적).
Saying 소셜 문제 instead of 사회적 문제.
Adding descriptive verb endings like 사회적은 before a noun.
Using the adjectival form 사회적 to modify a verb instead of the adverbial form 사회적으로.
Pronouncing the final 'k' in 적 with a heavy release of air.

Astuces

No Particles Needed

When placing 사회적 before a noun, resist the urge to add particles like 의 or 은/는. Just put them side by side: 사회적 문제.

Chunking Strategy

Don't just memorize the word alone. Memorize it in chunks like 사회적 거리두기 (social distancing) or 사회적 지위 (social status) for better fluency.

Clip the Final Consonant

The 'k' sound at the end of 적 should be unreleased. Don't add an extra vowel sound at the end; stop the airflow abruptly.

Personality vs. Society

Never use this word to say 'I am a social person'. Always use 사교적 for personality traits.

Elevate Your Essays

Using this word in your Korean essays instantly makes your writing sound more mature and academic. Use it to discuss broad trends.

News Indicator

When listening to Korean news, hearing this word is a cue that the topic is shifting from a specific event to its broader implications for the country.

Adverb Transformation

Remember the formula: Noun + 적 + Noun (사회적 문제), but Noun + 적으로 + Verb (사회적으로 해결하다).

Confucian Roots

Understanding this word helps you understand Korea's collective culture, where 'social responsibility' (사회적 책임) is highly valued.

Expand with Suffixes

Once you master 사회적, apply the same logic to other nouns: 역사 (history) -> 역사적 (historical), 과학 (science) -> 과학적 (scientific).

Debate Tool

Use phrases like '개인적인 문제가 아니라 사회적인 문제입니다' (It's not a personal problem, but a social one) to make strong arguments in debates.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'SAW' (사) cutting a 'HOE' (회) to build a 'JUG' (적) for the whole SOCIETY to share.

Origine du mot

Sino-Korean

Contexte culturel

Ubiquitous in news headlines, documentaries, and political debates.

Highly formal and academic, but common in news and serious discussions.

Standard across all dialects as it is a formal Sino-Korean term.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"최근 한국에서 가장 심각한 사회적 문제는 무엇이라고 생각하나요? (What do you think is the most serious social problem in Korea recently?)"

"SNS가 우리 삶에 미치는 사회적 영향은 긍정적일까요, 부정적일까요? (Is the social impact of SNS on our lives positive or negative?)"

"기업의 사회적 책임은 어디까지라고 생각하십니까? (How far do you think a company's social responsibility extends?)"

"현대 사회에서 사회적 지위가 여전히 중요하다고 생각하나요? (Do you think social status is still important in modern society?)"

"사회적 거리두기가 우리 일상에 어떤 변화를 가져왔나요? (What changes did social distancing bring to our daily lives?)"

Sujets d'écriture

내가 생각하는 이상적인 사회적 안전망에 대해 서술해 보세요. (Describe what you think is an ideal social safety net.)

최근 뉴스에서 본 사회적 갈등 사례를 하나 고르고, 해결 방안을 제시해 보세요. (Choose a case of social conflict you saw in the news recently and propose a solution.)

나의 개인적인 목표와 사회적 책임 사이의 균형을 어떻게 맞출 것인가? (How will I balance my personal goals with my social responsibilities?)

우리 사회에서 사회적 약자를 대하는 태도는 어떠한가? (What is the attitude towards the socially vulnerable in our society?)

미래 사회에서 가장 중요해질 사회적 가치는 무엇일까? (What social value will become most important in future society?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, that is a very common mistake. To describe someone who is outgoing and friendly, you should use the word 사교적 (sociable). 사회적 is used to describe things related to society as a whole, like social problems or social structures.

When using it to modify a noun (e.g., social problem), you do not need a particle. You simply say 사회적 문제. However, if you want to use it as an adverb (socially), you add 으로 to make 사회적으로.

As a modifier, it does not conjugate. It stays as 사회적. If you want to use it at the end of a sentence to say 'It is social', you attach the copula 이다, making it 사회적이다, which then conjugates normally (e.g., 사회적입니다, 사회적이에요).

소셜 is the English loanword 'social'. It is only used in specific borrowed phrases like 소셜 미디어 (social media) or 소셜 커머스 (social commerce). For all native or formal contexts (social issues, social status), you must use the Sino-Korean word 사회적.

Yes, it is generally considered a formal, academic, or journalistic word. While it is used in daily life (especially phrases like social distancing), it elevates the tone of the conversation to be more serious and analytical.

The suffix 적 (jeok) comes from Chinese characters and functions similarly to the English suffixes '-ic' or '-al'. It attaches to a noun to turn it into a descriptive word meaning 'relating to' or 'having the properties of' that noun.

Technically, it is a noun modifier. However, in some grammatical structures, it can take particles like a noun, but this is less common. It is overwhelmingly used directly before another noun.

The most direct antonym is 개인적, which means personal or individual. You will often see these two words contrasted in essays or debates discussing the balance between individual rights and societal needs.

The '회' (hoe) is pronounced very quickly, sounding almost like 'hwe' in English. It should not be pronounced as two distinct syllables 'ho-e'.

The TOPIK II exam heavily tests your ability to understand and produce formal, academic Korean. Topics often revolve around societal issues, making words like 사회적, 경제적, and 정치적 absolutely essential for the reading, listening, and writing sections.

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