больничный
больничный en 30 secondes
- A masculine noun (from an adjective) meaning official sick leave or the certificate itself.
- Used with the preposition 'на' to indicate the state of being away from work due to illness.
- Requires a doctor's visit to 'open' and 'close' the leave for legal salary compensation purposes.
- Essential for workplace communication and understanding Russian labor laws and social security.
The Russian word больничный is an essential term for anyone living or working in a Russian-speaking environment. Linguistically, it is a substantivized adjective, meaning it started as an adjective (hospital-related) but now functions primarily as a noun. In everyday life, it refers to the official medical leave an employee takes when they are too ill to work. It is more than just 'being sick'; it represents the legal and administrative process of documenting that illness to ensure job security and partial salary compensation.
- The Document
- Originally called 'больничный лист' (sick list), the noun 'лист' is now almost always omitted. In the modern era, this has transitioned into the 'электронный больничный' (electronic sick note), which is automatically sent to the Social Insurance Fund.
- The Status
- When a Russian says 'я на больничном', they are describing their current labor status. It implies they are legally excused from duties and are likely under a doctor's supervision.
- The Payment
- The word also encompasses the 'sick pay' itself. People might ask, 'Тебе уже выплатили больничный?' (Have they paid your sick leave yet?), referring to the insurance disbursements.
Тебе нужно обязательно оформить больничный, иначе прогул засчитают. (You must definitely register a sick leave, otherwise they will count it as an unexcused absence.)
Understanding the cultural weight of this word is vital. In Russia, taking a 'больничный' is a formal process. Unlike some Western cultures where a simple email to a manager suffices for a day or two of illness, the Russian system historically required a doctor's visit on the very first day of illness to 'открыть больничный' (open the sick leave). This creates a specific social rhythm: if you are sick, you go to the 'поликлиника' (clinic) or call a doctor to your home immediately.
Врач закрыл мой больничный только вчера. (The doctor only closed my sick leave yesterday.)
The concept of 'taking a sick day' without a certificate is often referred to as 'отгул' or simply 'договориться' (to reach an agreement), but 'больничный' remains the only legally protected method. It is also used in the context of caring for others, specifically 'больничный по уходу за ребёнком' (sick leave for childcare), which can be taken by mothers, fathers, or even grandparents if the child is ill.
- Workplace Etiquette
- Mentioning 'я взял больничный' usually ends any further questions about your availability. It is a hard boundary that suggests you are officially 'out of the system' for the duration.
Он уже вторую неделю на больничном. (He has been on sick leave for two weeks already.)
Using больничный correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as an adjective that acts as a noun. It follows the declension patterns of masculine adjectives (like 'красивый' or 'новый'). Because it refers to a process that has a beginning, middle, and end, it is frequently paired with specific 'administrative' verbs.
- The Lifecycle of Sick Leave
- To start the process, you use 'открыть' (to open). Example: 'Мне нужно открыть больничный сегодня.' To end it, you use 'закрыть' (to close). Example: 'Завтра я иду к врачу закрывать больничный.'
- Being in the State
- To be currently on leave, use the preposition 'на' with the prepositional case. Example: 'Я сейчас на больничном.' This is the most common way to explain your absence to a colleague.
Директор попросил прислать номер твоего больничного. (The director asked to send the number of your sick leave certificate.)
When you want to say you are 'taking' sick leave, the verb 'взять' (to take) is used. This implies the action of deciding to stop working and obtaining the paperwork. 'Я решил взять больничный, потому что у меня высокая температура.' Notice how the word remains masculine even though it refers to a period of time or a certificate.
После больничного всегда трудно возвращаться в рабочий ритм. (After a sick leave, it is always hard to get back into the work rhythm.)
In professional contexts, you might hear about 'оплата больничного' (payment of sick leave). This is a frequent topic of discussion because the amount paid depends on your 'стаж' (years of work experience). If you have worked for more than 8 years, your 'больничный' is paid at 100% of your average salary, whereas for beginners, it might only be 60%.
- Extended Absences
- If you are still unwell when your initial leave expires, the doctor will 'продлить' (extend) it. 'Врач продлил мне больничный ещё на три дня.'
Зачем ты работаешь, если ты официально на больничном? (Why are you working if you are officially on sick leave?)
The word больничный is ubiquitous in Russian society, cutting across formal bureaucratic settings and casual domestic conversations. You will hear it in the hallowed halls of a 'госучреждение' (government office), in the frantic morning phone calls to a boss, and in the waiting rooms of local clinics.
- At the Office
- HR managers (кадровики) are the primary users of this word in a professional sense. They will ask for your 'номер электронного больничного' to process your absence in the system. Colleagues will use it to explain why a project is delayed: 'Прости, я был на больничном и не видел твоё письмо.'
- At the Clinic
- Doctors use it as a standard part of their diagnostic conclusion. After checking your symptoms, a doctor will often ask: 'Вам нужен больничный?' (Do you need a sick note?). This is a crucial question because not everyone wants one—some prefer to work through a mild cold to avoid a pay cut.
— Где Марина? — Она ушла на больничный с ребёнком. (— Where is Marina? — She went on sick leave with her child.)
In social circles, 'больничный' is often used to describe a period of forced rest. You might hear someone say, 'Этот больничный спас меня от выгорания' (This sick leave saved me from burnout), suggesting that while they were physically ill, the break from work was psychologically necessary. It is also a common topic of complaint regarding the complexity of the medical system, with people venting about the queues required just to 'закрыть больничный'.
Мне пришлось полдня провести в очереди, чтобы просто продлить больничный. (I had to spend half a day in line just to extend my sick leave.)
On television news or in financial podcasts, you will hear about 'индексация больничных выплат' (indexation of sick leave payments). This refers to the government's annual adjustment of the maximum and minimum daily rates paid to citizens when they are unwell. This highlights that 'больничный' is not just a workplace policy but a pillar of the Russian social safety net.
Even intermediate students often stumble when using больничный because of its dual nature as an adjective and a noun. Here are the most frequent pitfalls to avoid to ensure you sound natural and professional.
- Gender and Case Confusion
- Students often try to make it feminine because the word for 'sick leave' in their native language might be feminine, or they confuse it with 'больница' (hospital). Remember: 'больничный' is masculine. Say 'мой больничный', never 'моя больничная'.
- Confusing with 'Больница'
- 'Больница' is the physical building (hospital). 'Больничный' is the leave/note. You can be 'на больничном' while staying at home, but if you are 'в больнице', you are physically in a hospital bed.
Wrong: Я в больничном.
Right: Я на больничном. (Preposition 'на' is required for the state of being on leave.)
Another common error is using the word 'отпуск' (vacation/leave) for illness. In English, we say 'sick leave', but in Russian, 'отпуск' is almost exclusively for rest or maternity (декретный отпуск). Using 'больной отпуск' will sound very foreign. Always stick to 'больничный'.
Wrong: Врач дал мне больницу.
Right: Врач выписал мне больничный. (The doctor issued me a sick note.)
Finally, watch out for the stress. It is always on the second syllable: больнИчный. Shifting the stress to the first or last syllable is a common learner's mistake that can make the word hard to recognize for native speakers. Also, remember that in the plural ('больничные'), the meaning often shifts to 'sick leave payments' rather than multiple physical notes.
- Prepositional Pitfall
- When returning from leave, use 'с': 'Я вышел с больничного'. Using 'из' is incorrect because the state of being on leave uses 'на'.
Она завтра выходит с больничного. (She is coming back from sick leave tomorrow.)
While больничный is the standard term, Russian has several synonyms and related concepts that vary by formality and specific context. Knowing these will help you navigate different social situations.
- Бюллетень (Bulletin)
- This is an older, more formal term for the sick leave certificate. You might hear older doctors or HR veterans say 'быть на бюллетене'. In modern speech, it sounds slightly dated but is still perfectly understood.
- Освобождение (Exemption)
- Usually used for students or in physical education contexts. 'Освобождение от физкультуры' is a medical exemption from gym class. Unlike 'больничный', it doesn't necessarily imply salary payment.
- Справка (Certificate/Note)
- This is a generic word for any medical note. Students get a 'справка' for missing school, whereas employees get a 'больничный'. If you are an employee and you only bring a 'справка' without the official 'больничный' QR code/number, you might not get paid for those days.
Вместо больничного он просто взял пару дней за свой счёт. (Instead of a sick leave, he just took a couple of days at his own expense.)
There is also the concept of 'отгул' (a day off). Sometimes, if an employee has worked overtime, they might take an 'отгул по болезни' (a day off due to illness) by informal agreement with their boss. This avoids the bureaucracy of the 'больничный' but relies entirely on the employer's goodwill.
Мне не нужен больничный, я просто отлежусь пару дней дома. (I don't need a sick leave; I'll just stay in bed at home for a couple of days.)
In very informal slang, you might hear 'закосить' (to dodge/shirk). 'Закосить по больничному' means to pretend to be sick to avoid work or school. Use this carefully, as it implies dishonesty. Conversely, 'вылечиться' (to get cured) is the goal that allows one to 'закрыть больничный'.
- Summary Table
-
- Больничный: Formal, paid, for employees.
- Справка: Informal/School, usually unpaid.
- Бюллетень: Formal/Old-fashioned.
- Отгул: Informal agreement for a day off.
How Formal Is It?
"Просим предоставить номер электронного листка нетрудоспособности."
"Я на больничном до пятницы."
"Я сел на больничный, наконец-то высплюсь."
"Папа дома, у него больничный, он лечит горлышко."
"Он купил левый больничный и укатил в Сочи."
Le savais-tu ?
The modern usage as a noun is a 'substantivized adjective'. It used to be 'больничный лист' (hospital sheet), but the noun was dropped over time because everyone knew what 'sheet' was being referred to.
Guide de prononciation
- Stressing the first syllable (бОльничный).
- Stressing the last syllable (больничнЫй).
- Hardening the 'l' (bol-nichny).
- Pronouncing 'ch' as 'sh'.
- Confusing it with 'bol'nitsa'.
Niveau de difficulté
Easy to recognize due to the root 'боль'.
Requires remembering the adjectival endings.
Stress placement is tricky for beginners.
Commonly heard in daily life.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Substantivized Adjectives
Words like 'больничный', 'столовая', 'мороженое' function as nouns but decline like adjectives.
Preposition 'На' for States
We use 'на' for being on leave: на больничном, на каникулах, на пенсии.
Genitive with Negative
У меня нет больничного (I don't have a sick note).
Duration with 'На'
Взять больничный на пять дней (To take sick leave for five days).
Prepositional Case Endings
О (ком? чём?) — о больничном (Ending -ом for masculine adjectives).
Exemples par niveau
Я сегодня на больничном.
I am on sick leave today.
Preposition 'на' + Prepositional case.
Где твой больничный?
Where is your sick note?
Possessive pronoun 'твой' matches masculine 'больничный'.
Мой больничный очень длинный.
My sick leave is very long.
Adjective 'длинный' matches masculine noun.
Он взял больничный в понедельник.
He took a sick leave on Monday.
Accusative case for the object of 'взял'.
Мама сейчас на больничном.
Mom is on sick leave now.
Subject-verb agreement.
Это мой первый больничный.
This is my first sick leave.
Ordinal number agreement.
У него есть больничный?
Does he have a sick leave note?
Genitive construction 'у него есть'.
Я не хочу брать больничный.
I don't want to take a sick leave.
Infinitive 'брать' after 'хочу'.
Врач выписал мне больничный на неделю.
The doctor prescribed me a sick leave for a week.
Preposition 'на' + Accusative for duration.
Мне нужно закрыть больничный завтра.
I need to close my sick leave tomorrow.
Modal 'нужно' + infinitive.
Она ушла на больничный с гриппом.
She went on sick leave with the flu.
Preposition 'с' + Instrumental.
Ты можешь прислать фото больничного?
Can you send a photo of the sick note?
Genitive case 'больничного'.
Без больничного тебе не заплатят.
Without a sick note, you won't get paid.
Preposition 'без' + Genitive.
Я открыл больничный через интернет.
I opened a sick leave via the internet.
Past tense verb 'открыл'.
Сколько дней длится твой больничный?
How many days does your sick leave last?
Verb 'длиться' (to last).
Больничный — это официальный документ.
A sick note is an official document.
Definition sentence with em-dash.
Врач продлил мой больничный ещё на три дня.
The doctor extended my sick leave for another three days.
Verb 'продлить' (to extend).
Я нахожусь на больничном по уходу за ребёнком.
I am on sick leave to care for a child.
Complex phrase 'по уходу за'.
Оплата больничного зависит от твоего стажа.
Sick leave payment depends on your work experience.
Verb 'зависеть от' + Genitive.
Вы можете проверить статус больничного на сайте.
You can check the status of the sick leave on the website.
Genitive case 'статус больничного'.
После больничного я чувствую себя намного лучше.
After the sick leave, I feel much better.
Preposition 'после' + Genitive.
Работодатель обязан оплатить твой больничный.
The employer is obliged to pay for your sick leave.
Short adjective 'обязан'.
Он часто берет больничный, это подозрительно.
He often takes sick leave; it's suspicious.
Adverb 'часто' + present tense.
Завтра я выхожу с больничного на работу.
Tomorrow I am coming back from sick leave to work.
Preposition 'с' + Genitive for 'coming off'.
Расчёт больничного производится по среднему заработку.
The calculation of sick leave is based on average earnings.
Passive construction 'производится'.
Электронные больничные значительно упростили жизнь.
Electronic sick notes have significantly simplified life.
Plural form 'больничные'.
Нарушение режима на больничном чревато последствиями.
Violating the regime while on sick leave is fraught with consequences.
Adjective 'чревато' + Instrumental.
Она оформила больничный задним числом, что незаконно.
She registered the sick leave retroactively, which is illegal.
Idiom 'задним числом'.
Максимальный размер больничного ограничен законом.
The maximum size of sick leave pay is limited by law.
Short participle 'ограничен'.
Многие предпочитают не брать больничный при лёгкой простуде.
Many prefer not to take sick leave for a mild cold.
Preposition 'при' + Locative.
Бухгалтерия требует оригинал больничного листа.
The accounting department requires the original sick leave certificate.
Collective noun 'бухгалтерия'.
Его больничный был аннулирован из-за ошибки врача.
His sick leave was canceled due to a doctor's error.
Past passive participle 'аннулирован'.
Пособие по больничному выплачивается напрямую из фонда.
The sick leave benefit is paid directly from the fund.
Dative case 'по больничному'.
Законодательство в сфере больничных листов постоянно меняется.
Legislation in the sphere of sick leave certificates is constantly changing.
Genitive plural 'больничных листов'.
Фиктивный больничный может стать поводом для увольнения.
A fictitious sick note can be a ground for dismissal.
Adjective 'фиктивный' (fake).
В случае длительного больничного назначается экспертиза.
In case of a long sick leave, an expert examination is appointed.
Genitive case 'длительного больничного'.
Как отразится ваш больничный на годовой премии?
How will your sick leave affect your annual bonus?
Future tense 'отразится'.
Он умудрился провести весь больничный, работая удалённо.
He managed to spend the entire sick leave working remotely.
Verb 'умудриться' (to manage/contrive).
Сумма больничного не покрывает мои реальные расходы.
The amount of sick pay doesn't cover my real expenses.
Negative construction with Genitive.
Право на больничный имеют все застрахованные лица.
All insured persons have the right to sick leave.
Phrase 'право на' + Accusative.
Реформирование системы больничных вызвало широкий резонанс.
The reform of the sick leave system caused a wide resonance.
Verbal noun 'реформирование'.
Злоупотребление больничными подрывает доверие в коллективе.
Abuse of sick leaves undermines trust in the team.
Instrumental plural 'больничными'.
Алгоритм начисления больничного стал более прозрачным.
The algorithm for calculating sick pay has become more transparent.
Comparative adjective 'прозрачным'.
Больничный по беременности и родам имеет свои особенности.
Maternity and childbirth leave has its own peculiarities.
Specific legal term.
Работодатель не вправе требовать диагноз в больничном.
The employer has no right to demand the diagnosis in the sick note.
Phrase 'не вправе' (has no right).
Индексация больничных выплат привязана к уровню инфляции.
The indexation of sick leave payments is tied to the inflation rate.
Short participle 'привязана'.
Предоставление больничного — гарантия социальной защиты.
Providing a sick leave is a guarantee of social protection.
Abstract noun 'предоставление'.
Он исчерпал лимит оплачиваемых больничных за этот год.
He exhausted the limit of paid sick leaves for this year.
Perfective verb 'исчерпал'.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— To go on sick leave (slightly informal).
Придётся сесть на больничный, спина совсем разболелась.
— The unique identification number of the certificate.
Сообщите номер вашего больничного в бухгалтерию.
— To extend the duration of the leave.
Температура не падает, мне продлили больничный.
— To return to work after recovering.
Рад тебя видеть, когда ты вышел с больничного?
— To be staying home on sick leave (implies duration).
Я уже две недели сижу на больничном.
— To complete the paperwork for sick leave.
Вы успели оформить больничный до выходных?
— To provide the sick pay compensation.
Фирма обязана оплатить больничный в течение 10 дней.
— A fake or forged sick note (slang).
Он купил липовый больничный, чтобы поехать в отпуск.
— The full, formal name of the document.
Больничный лист является документом строгой отчётности.
Souvent confondu avec
Hospital (the building) vs Sick Leave (the status/note).
Sick person/patient vs Sick Leave.
The illness itself vs the administrative leave.
Expressions idiomatiques
— To stop working due to illness (standard usage).
Весь отдел ушёл на больничный из-за вируса.
neutral— To pretend to be sick to avoid obligations.
Он просто закосил под больничный, чтобы не сдавать отчёт.
slang— To illegally acquire a medical certificate.
В интернете много предложений купить больничный.
informal— To stay on leave for as long as possible.
Она решила высидеть на больничном до конца месяца.
informal— A reminder that sick leave is for recovery, not fun.
Помни, больничный — не отпуск, нужно лежать в кровати.
colloquial— To use a sick note as an excuse for a mistake or absence.
Он прикрылся больничным, когда его спросили про дедлайн.
informal— To spend the whole leave feeling even worse or stressed.
Я так переживал о работе, что просто сгорел на больничном.
informal— To get a note that starts from a date in the past (usually illegal).
Ни один честный врач не откроет больничный задним числом.
neutral— To return to work before the doctor's recommended date.
Мне пришлось закрыть больничный досрочно из-за проверки.
neutral— Short for leave taken to care for an ill relative.
Отец тоже может взять больничный по уходу.
neutralFacile à confondre
Both are adjectives related to 'боль'.
'Больной' describes a person's state or the person themselves. 'Больничный' describes the leave or document.
Больной человек взял больничный.
Shared root.
'Больница' is a noun for a medical facility. 'Больничный' is the leave.
В больнице мне открыли больничный.
Both are types of leave.
'Отпуск' is for vacation/rest. 'Больничный' is specifically for illness and requires medical proof.
Мой отпуск закончился, и я сразу ушёл на больничный.
Both are medical documents.
'Справка' is a generic note (often for school). 'Больничный' is for work and involves salary insurance.
Студенту нужна справка, а рабочему — больничный.
Synonyms.
'Бюллетень' is more formal/bureaucratic. 'Больничный' is the standard spoken word.
В старых книгах часто пишут 'на бюллетене'.
Structures de phrases
Я на больничном.
Я на больничном сегодня.
Я взял больничный на [число] дней.
Я взял больничный на три дня.
Мне нужно [глагол] больничный.
Мне нужно закрыть больничный.
[Кто-то] на больничном с [болезнь].
Анна на больничном с ангиной.
Оплата больничного зависит от [чего-то].
Оплата больничного зависит от стажа.
Выходить с больничного в [день].
Я выхожу с больничного в понедельник.
В случае [чего-то] больничный продлевается.
В случае осложнений больничный продлевается.
Злоупотребление [чем-то] недопустимо.
Злоупотребление больничными недопустимо.
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
Extremely frequent in professional and medical domains.
-
Я в больничном.
→
Я на больничном.
The preposition 'на' is used for states of leave/absence.
-
Моя больничная.
→
Мой больничный.
The word is masculine, even though it refers to a concept that might be feminine in other languages.
-
Я взял больницу.
→
Я взял больничный.
Confusing the building (hospital) with the leave certificate.
-
Врач закрыл мою справку.
→
Врач закрыл мой больничный.
While 'справка' is a note, 'закрыть' is specifically used with the official 'больничный'.
-
Я на больнице.
→
Я в больнице (in hospital) or Я на больничном (on sick leave).
Mixing up the preposition and the noun/adjective.
Astuces
Declension
Remember it declines like 'красивый'. Practicing the phrase 'нет больничного' helps master the Genitive case.
Don't just stay home
In Russia, simply not showing up isn't 'sick leave'. You must call a doctor to make it official.
Check Gosuslugi
You can see all your past and current sick leaves on the 'Gosuslugi' portal or the FSS website.
Root power
Link 'больничный' to 'боль' (pain) and 'больница' (hospital) to never forget it.
Status update
When a colleague is missing, ask 'Он на больничном?' to sound natural.
Job Security
Being 'на больничном' protects you from being fired during that period.
Know your 'stazh'
Your sick pay depends on your total career history, not just your time at the current job.
Inform early
Even if the doctor handles the paperwork, it's polite to tell your boss 'Я открываю больничный' as soon as possible.
Soft 'L'
Make sure the 'л' is soft: bo-L-nichny. Use your tongue against your teeth.
No 'Doing'
Never say 'я делаю больничный'. It sounds like you are forging it. Use 'оформляю'.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a 'BOL' (ball) of 'NICH' (niche/night) pain that makes you stay home. BOL-NICH-NY.
Association visuelle
Associate the word with a blue digital screen showing a QR code and a thermometer, as modern Russian 'больничные' are electronic.
Word Web
Défi
Try to use 'на больничном' in a sentence explaining why you missed an imaginary party.
Origine du mot
Derived from the root 'боль' (pain/suffering), which comes from the Old East Slavic 'боля'. It is related to the word 'больница' (hospital).
Sens originel : The word originally described things pertaining to a hospital (hospital-related).
Indo-European > Slavic > East Slavic > Russian.Contexte culturel
Avoid implying that someone is 'faking' a sick leave unless you are very close to them, as it can be offensive to their work ethic.
Unlike the US 'sick days' which are often a set number of days per year, a Russian 'больничный' is theoretically unlimited as long as a doctor confirms the illness, and it is paid by social insurance, not directly by the employer after the first 3 days.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Workplace Absence
- Я на больничном
- Кто его заменяет?
- Когда он выйдет?
- Пришли номер больничного
Doctor's Visit
- Мне нужен больничный
- Откройте, пожалуйста, больничный
- Когда прийти закрывать?
- Продлите мне больничный
HR/Accounting
- Расчёт больничного
- Электронный листок
- Стаж для выплат
- Фонд социального страхования
Family Talk
- Взять больничный с ребёнком
- Опять ты на больничном
- Муж на больничном
- Сидеть на больничном
Legal/Bureaucracy
- Оформление больничного
- Нарушение режима
- Подделка документов
- Трудовой кодекс
Amorces de conversation
"Ты уже закрыл свой больничный или ещё болеешь?"
"Тяжело было оформить электронный больничный в этот раз?"
"Как в твоей компании относятся к тем, кто берет больничный?"
"Тебе полностью оплачивают больничный или только часть?"
"Ты когда-нибудь брал больничный, чтобы просто отдохнуть?"
Sujets d'écriture
Опишите ваш последний опыт пребывания на больничном. Что вы делали?
Считаете ли вы, что система электронных больничных удобнее старой бумажной?
Напишите письмо начальнику о том, что вы уходите на больничный.
Как вы думаете, почему некоторые люди боятся брать больничный?
Расскажите о случае, когда вам пришлось брать больничный по уходу за кем-то.
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsYes, this is called 'больничный по уходу за ребёнком'. Both parents have the right to take it, and it is paid by the state insurance fund.
Initially, a doctor usually issues it for up to 15 days. If the illness persists, a medical commission can extend it for up to 10-12 months in severe cases.
It depends on your work experience (стаж). If you have worked for 8+ years, you get 100%. 5-8 years get 80%, and less than 5 years get 60% of average earnings.
Since 2022, Russia has almost entirely switched to electronic sick notes. Paper ones are only used in very specific, mostly classified, organizations.
If the employer pays you a salary and the state pays you sick benefits for the same days, it is a violation. Usually, you cannot receive both.
According to the Labor Code, an employer cannot fire an employee (except in cases of company liquidation) while they are officially on 'больничный'.
Yes, usually you must visit the doctor again so they can confirm you are healthy and 'close' the electronic record in the system.
Yes, provided the private clinic has a specific license to issue certificates of temporary incapacity for work.
It is a 12-digit number that identifies your specific sick leave in the national database. You give this number to your employer.
Yes. If you fall ill during your paid annual vacation, your vacation can be extended by the number of days you were on sick leave.
Teste-toi 180 questions
Напишите: 'I am on sick leave today.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'The doctor issued a sick note for 5 days.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'I need to close my sick leave tomorrow.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'Sick leave pay depends on work experience.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'Violation of the regime on sick leave is illegal.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'Where is your sick note?'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'I took a sick leave on Monday.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'The doctor extended the sick leave.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'He is on sick leave with his child.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'The sick leave system has been updated.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'He is not at work.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'I have a high fever.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'Give me the number of the sick note.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'I am coming back from sick leave tomorrow.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'Annual indexation of payments.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'My first sick leave.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'Call the doctor home.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'I feel bad.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'I don't have the original document.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Напишите: 'Social insurance fund.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say: 'I am on sick leave.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'I need a sick note.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'I am closing my sick leave today.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'My sick leave is paid 100%.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'I was on sick leave for two weeks.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'I am sick.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'Doctor, give me a note.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'The doctor extended the leave.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'I have an electronic sick note.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'The legislation is changing.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say: 'Goodbye.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'I have a cold.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'I will send the number.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say: 'I am coming back on Monday.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say: 'I don't want to violate the regime.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'I am home.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say: 'I took a pill.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say: 'My child is sick.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
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Say: 'The boss is angry.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Say: 'Social security is important.'
Read this aloud:
Tu as dit :
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Listen and identify: 'Я на больничном.'
Listen and identify: 'Закрой больничный.'
Listen and identify: 'Продлить больничный.'
Listen and identify: 'Оплата больничного.'
Listen and identify: 'Электронный листок.'
Listen and identify: 'Где он?'
Listen and identify: 'Дайте номер.'
Listen and identify: 'Я выздоровел.'
Listen and identify: 'Средний заработок.'
Listen and identify: 'Фонд страхования.'
Listen and identify: 'Он дома.'
Listen and identify: 'Возьми больничный.'
Listen and identify: 'Уход за ребёнком.'
Listen and identify: 'Проверьте статус.'
Listen and identify: 'Нарушение режима.'
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'больничный' is your legal shield in the Russian workplace; it transforms a simple illness into a documented, paid absence that protects your job and health.
- A masculine noun (from an adjective) meaning official sick leave or the certificate itself.
- Used with the preposition 'на' to indicate the state of being away from work due to illness.
- Requires a doctor's visit to 'open' and 'close' the leave for legal salary compensation purposes.
- Essential for workplace communication and understanding Russian labor laws and social security.
Declension
Remember it declines like 'красивый'. Practicing the phrase 'нет больничного' helps master the Genitive case.
Don't just stay home
In Russia, simply not showing up isn't 'sick leave'. You must call a doctor to make it official.
Check Gosuslugi
You can see all your past and current sick leaves on the 'Gosuslugi' portal or the FSS website.
Root power
Link 'больничный' to 'боль' (pain) and 'больница' (hospital) to never forget it.
Contenu associé
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