A1 adjective Neutre 1 min de lecture

bolan

/bɔˈlan/
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The word 'bolan' is the standard Slovenian adjective for 'sick' or 'ill' across all contexts.

Mot en 30 secondes

  • Used to describe a person or animal that is unwell.
  • Changes form based on gender: bolan (m), bolna (f), bolno (n).
  • Commonly used with the verb 'biti' (to be).

Pregled

Beseda 'bolan' je eden izmed osnovnih pridevnikov v slovenskem jeziku, ki se ga učenci naučijo že na začetku. Njegov primarni pomen se nanaša na zdravstveno stanje. Pridevnik se spreminja glede na spol (bolan, bolna, bolno) in število (bolni, bolne, bolna). 2) Vzorci uporabe: Najpogosteje se uporablja v povezavi s pomožnim glagolom 'biti' (npr. 'Sem bolan'). V stavku se lahko pojavi kot povedkovo določilo ali kot prilastek pred samostalnikom (npr. 'bolan otrok'). Pri sklanjanju moramo biti pozorni na izpad polglasnika: bolan (imenovalnik), bolnega (rodilnik). 3) Pogosti konteksti: Besedo najpogosteje srečamo v vsakodnevnih pogovorih o zdravju, v zdravstvenih ustanovah in pri opravičevanju odsotnosti z dela ali iz šole. V pogovornem jeziku se lahko uporablja tudi v prenesenem pomenu za nekaj, kar je moralno sporno ali nenavadno (npr. 'bolna ideja'), podobno kot v angleščini. 4) Primerjava s podobnimi besedami: Pogosto se zamenjuje s pridevnikom 'slab'. Medtem ko 'bolan' pomeni specifično bolezensko stanje, 'slab' pogosto opisuje splošno slabše počutje, vrtoglavico ali pomanjkanje moči. Druga podobna beseda je 'boleč', ki pa opisuje nekaj, kar povzroča bolečino (npr. 'boleč zob'), ne pa osebe, ki je bolna.

Exemples

1

Danes sem bolan in moram ostati v postelji.

everyday

I am sick today and must stay in bed.

2

Spoštovani, obveščam vas, da sem bolan in me ne bo na sestanek.

formal

Dear all, I am informing you that I am ill and will not be at the meeting.

3

Stari, to je pa bolan avto!

informal

Dude, that is a sick car!

4

Število bolnih oseb se je v zadnjem mesecu povečalo.

academic

The number of sick persons has increased in the last month.

Collocations courantes

hudo bolan seriously ill
duševno bolan mentally ill
bolan na smrt deadly sick

Phrases Courantes

bolan na duši

sick in the soul / heartbroken

iti na bolniško

to go on sick leave

bolan od dela

sick of work

Souvent confondu avec

bolan vs boleč

Boleč means 'painful' (describing a sensation), while bolan means 'sick' (describing a person's state).

bolan vs slab

Slab usually means 'weak' or 'bad'. If you say 'Slab sem', it might mean you feel faint, not necessarily that you have a virus.

Modèles grammaticaux

biti + bolan (to be sick) postati + bolan (to become sick) bolan od + rodilnik (sick from something, e.g., bolan od ljubezni)

How to Use It

Notes d'usage

In formal Slovenian, 'bolan' is neutral and appropriate for all settings. In very informal youth slang, it can mean 'cool' or 'insane', but this is highly context-dependent. When declining the word, the 'a' in 'bolan' disappears (bolan -> bolnega), which is a common feature of Slovenian adjectives ending in -an.

Erreurs courantes

English speakers often use 'bolan' for inanimate objects that are broken; in Slovenian, you must use 'pokvarjen'. Another mistake is forgetting to change the ending for female subjects (using 'bolan' instead of 'bolna'). Lastly, do not confuse 'bolan' with 'bolest', which is a noun meaning 'pain' or 'sorrow' in poetic contexts.

Tips

💡

Remember the gender endings correctly

Always match the ending to the subject: 'On je bolan' but 'Ona je bolna'. The 'a' at the end is crucial for feminine subjects.

⚠️

Don't confuse bolan with boleč

Use 'bolan' for the person (I am sick) and 'boleč' for the body part that hurts (a painful leg).

🌍

Social norms for being sick

In Slovenia, it is common to stay home even with a mild cold to avoid infecting colleagues, often referred to as 'bolniška' (sick leave).

Origine du mot

Derived from the Proto-Slavic word *bolьnъ, which is related to *bolь (pain/illness). It shares roots with other Slavic languages like Croatian 'bolestan' or Russian 'больной'.

Contexte culturel

In Slovenia, health is a frequent topic of small talk. Asking 'Kako si?' often results in a detailed description of one's health, where the word 'bolan' frequently appears if the person is under the weather.

Astuce mémo

Think of the English word 'ballon' (balloon). If a balloon is 'bolan', it has lost its air and is 'sick' or 'deflated'.

Questions fréquentes

4 questions

Uporabite lahko stavek 'Bolna sem' (ženska) ali 'Bolan sem' (moški). Lahko pa rečete tudi 'Slabo se počutim'.

Da, beseda se lahko uporablja tako za fizične bolezni kot za duševne motnje ali bolezni.

'Bolan' je pridevnik (npr. bolan človek), 'bolnik' pa je samostalnik, ki pomeni osebo, ki je v bolnišnici ali se zdravi.

Ne, za predmete, ki ne delujejo, uporabljamo besedo 'pokvarjen'. 'Bolan' se uporablja le za živa bitja ali prenesene pomene.

Teste-toi

fill blank

Moja sestra danes ne gre v šolo, ker je ___.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : bolna

Ker je 'sestra' samostalnik ženskega spola v ednini, moramo uporabiti obliko 'bolna'.

multiple choice

Kateri stavek je slovnično pravilen?

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : Oni so bolni.

'Oni' je moški spol, množina, zato se pridevnik konča na -ni.

sentence building

zelo / danes / sem / bolan

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : Danes sem zelo bolan.

Standard word order places the auxiliary verb 'sem' in the second logical position.

Score : /3

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