The word 'bolan' is the standard Slovenian adjective for 'sick' or 'ill' across all contexts.
30秒词汇
- Used to describe a person or animal that is unwell.
- Changes form based on gender: bolan (m), bolna (f), bolno (n).
- Commonly used with the verb 'biti' (to be).
Pregled
Beseda 'bolan' je eden izmed osnovnih pridevnikov v slovenskem jeziku, ki se ga učenci naučijo že na začetku. Njegov primarni pomen se nanaša na zdravstveno stanje. Pridevnik se spreminja glede na spol (bolan, bolna, bolno) in število (bolni, bolne, bolna). 2) Vzorci uporabe: Najpogosteje se uporablja v povezavi s pomožnim glagolom 'biti' (npr. 'Sem bolan'). V stavku se lahko pojavi kot povedkovo določilo ali kot prilastek pred samostalnikom (npr. 'bolan otrok'). Pri sklanjanju moramo biti pozorni na izpad polglasnika: bolan (imenovalnik), bolnega (rodilnik). 3) Pogosti konteksti: Besedo najpogosteje srečamo v vsakodnevnih pogovorih o zdravju, v zdravstvenih ustanovah in pri opravičevanju odsotnosti z dela ali iz šole. V pogovornem jeziku se lahko uporablja tudi v prenesenem pomenu za nekaj, kar je moralno sporno ali nenavadno (npr. 'bolna ideja'), podobno kot v angleščini. 4) Primerjava s podobnimi besedami: Pogosto se zamenjuje s pridevnikom 'slab'. Medtem ko 'bolan' pomeni specifično bolezensko stanje, 'slab' pogosto opisuje splošno slabše počutje, vrtoglavico ali pomanjkanje moči. Druga podobna beseda je 'boleč', ki pa opisuje nekaj, kar povzroča bolečino (npr. 'boleč zob'), ne pa osebe, ki je bolna.
例句
Danes sem bolan in moram ostati v postelji.
everydayI am sick today and must stay in bed.
Spoštovani, obveščam vas, da sem bolan in me ne bo na sestanek.
formalDear all, I am informing you that I am ill and will not be at the meeting.
Stari, to je pa bolan avto!
informalDude, that is a sick car!
Število bolnih oseb se je v zadnjem mesecu povečalo.
academicThe number of sick persons has increased in the last month.
常见搭配
常用短语
bolan na duši
sick in the soul / heartbroken
iti na bolniško
to go on sick leave
bolan od dela
sick of work
容易混淆的词
Boleč means 'painful' (describing a sensation), while bolan means 'sick' (describing a person's state).
Slab usually means 'weak' or 'bad'. If you say 'Slab sem', it might mean you feel faint, not necessarily that you have a virus.
语法模式
How to Use It
使用说明
In formal Slovenian, 'bolan' is neutral and appropriate for all settings. In very informal youth slang, it can mean 'cool' or 'insane', but this is highly context-dependent. When declining the word, the 'a' in 'bolan' disappears (bolan -> bolnega), which is a common feature of Slovenian adjectives ending in -an.
常见错误
English speakers often use 'bolan' for inanimate objects that are broken; in Slovenian, you must use 'pokvarjen'. Another mistake is forgetting to change the ending for female subjects (using 'bolan' instead of 'bolna'). Lastly, do not confuse 'bolan' with 'bolest', which is a noun meaning 'pain' or 'sorrow' in poetic contexts.
Tips
Remember the gender endings correctly
Always match the ending to the subject: 'On je bolan' but 'Ona je bolna'. The 'a' at the end is crucial for feminine subjects.
Don't confuse bolan with boleč
Use 'bolan' for the person (I am sick) and 'boleč' for the body part that hurts (a painful leg).
Social norms for being sick
In Slovenia, it is common to stay home even with a mild cold to avoid infecting colleagues, often referred to as 'bolniška' (sick leave).
词源
Derived from the Proto-Slavic word *bolьnъ, which is related to *bolь (pain/illness). It shares roots with other Slavic languages like Croatian 'bolestan' or Russian 'больной'.
文化背景
In Slovenia, health is a frequent topic of small talk. Asking 'Kako si?' often results in a detailed description of one's health, where the word 'bolan' frequently appears if the person is under the weather.
记忆技巧
Think of the English word 'ballon' (balloon). If a balloon is 'bolan', it has lost its air and is 'sick' or 'deflated'.
常见问题
4 个问题Uporabite lahko stavek 'Bolna sem' (ženska) ali 'Bolan sem' (moški). Lahko pa rečete tudi 'Slabo se počutim'.
Da, beseda se lahko uporablja tako za fizične bolezni kot za duševne motnje ali bolezni.
'Bolan' je pridevnik (npr. bolan človek), 'bolnik' pa je samostalnik, ki pomeni osebo, ki je v bolnišnici ali se zdravi.
Ne, za predmete, ki ne delujejo, uporabljamo besedo 'pokvarjen'. 'Bolan' se uporablja le za živa bitja ali prenesene pomene.
自我测试
Moja sestra danes ne gre v šolo, ker je ___.
Ker je 'sestra' samostalnik ženskega spola v ednini, moramo uporabiti obliko 'bolna'.
Kateri stavek je slovnično pravilen?
'Oni' je moški spol, množina, zato se pridevnik konča na -ni.
zelo / danes / sem / bolan
Standard word order places the auxiliary verb 'sem' in the second logical position.
得分： /3
Summary
The word 'bolan' is the standard Slovenian adjective for 'sick' or 'ill' across all contexts.
- Used to describe a person or animal that is unwell.
- Changes form based on gender: bolan (m), bolna (f), bolno (n).
- Commonly used with the verb 'biti' (to be).
Remember the gender endings correctly
Always match the ending to the subject: 'On je bolan' but 'Ona je bolna'. The 'a' at the end is crucial for feminine subjects.
Don't confuse bolan with boleč
Use 'bolan' for the person (I am sick) and 'boleč' for the body part that hurts (a painful leg).
Social norms for being sick
In Slovenia, it is common to stay home even with a mild cold to avoid infecting colleagues, often referred to as 'bolniška' (sick leave).
例句
4 / 4Danes sem bolan in moram ostati v postelji.
I am sick today and must stay in bed.
Spoštovani, obveščam vas, da sem bolan in me ne bo na sestanek.
Dear all, I am informing you that I am ill and will not be at the meeting.
Stari, to je pa bolan avto!
Dude, that is a sick car!
Število bolnih oseb se je v zadnjem mesecu povečalo.
The number of sick persons has increased in the last month.
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