B1 · Intermédiaire Chapitre 1

Navigating Your Surroundings

5 Règles totales
50 exemples
6 min
Règles dans ce chapitre Pratique rapide

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of spatial navigation and describe your world with pinpoint accuracy.

  • Specify physical positions between two objects.
  • Describe relationships and gaps using abstract location words.
  • Calculate and express distances between two points naturally.
Find your way and describe your world with precision.

Ce que tu vas apprendre

Hey there, language adventurer! Ready to seriously level up your Chinese and sound more like a native speaker? You've mastered naming things, but now it's time to tell people *exactly where* those things are and *how far* apart they are! This chapter is your key to unlocking real-world navigation and descriptive power, making your Chinese smooth and practical. You'll dive into five crucial location words that will transform how you describe your surroundings and give directions. First, we'll learn «中间» (zhōngjiān) to indicate something is *between* two items, like

My phone is in the middle of the two books.
Then, «之间» (zhījiān) defines the actual *space* between things, be it physical distance or an abstract relationship – think
the gap between two buildings.
For saying something is across from or opposite another object, «对面» (duìmiàn) is your best friend. Confidently say,
The cafe is across from the bus station.
And to express nearby, Chinese uses «X + 附近» (fùjìn), meaning
in the vicinity of X,
making your speech incredibly natural. Finally, «离» (lí) is essential for expressing *distance* between two points. This word empowers you to ask,
How far is it?
or state,
My house is far from here
or "It's nearby.
Why does this matter? Picture yourself lost in Beijing, asking for directions. Or meeting a friend at a bustling restaurant, needing to say,
I'm opposite the main entrance." These words are your navigation superpowers! By completing this chapter, you'll master location! You'll effortlessly navigate Chinese cities, give precise addresses, and clearly describe any place. Ready to use Chinese with confidence in the real world? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Identify and describe objects located physically between two other items using 中间 (zhōngjiān).
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between physical and abstract 'between' using 之间 (zhījiān).
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Give directions to buildings located across the street using 对面 (duìmiàn).
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to: Describe local amenities in your vicinity using 附近 (fùjìn).
  5. 5
    By the end you will be able to: Quantify the distance between two geographical points using the 离 (lí) structure.

Guide du chapitre

Overview

Hey there, language adventurer! Ready to seriously level up your Chinese and sound more like a native speaker? This chapter, Navigating Your Surroundings, is your key to unlocking real-world descriptive power.
You've mastered naming things, but now it's time to tell people *exactly where* those things are and *how far* apart they are! This guide is designed for B1 Chinese learners, helping you transition from basic communication to more nuanced and precise descriptions of your environment. Mastering these Chinese grammar points will significantly boost your confidence and practical skills.
Why does this matter? Picture yourself lost in Beijing, asking for directions, or trying to meet a friend at a bustling restaurant, needing to say, "I'm opposite the main entrance." These aren't just academic exercises; they are your navigation superpowers! This chapter introduces five crucial Chinese location words and structures that will transform how you describe your surroundings and give directions.
You'll learn how to say something is in the middle, between, across from, nearby, and express distance using away from.
By completing this chapter, you'll master Chinese location descriptions! You'll effortlessly navigate Chinese cities, give precise addresses, and clearly describe any place, making your B1 Chinese vocabulary truly functional. These essential Chinese grammar B1 concepts are fundamental for everyday interactions and will make your Chinese smooth and practical.
Ready to use Chinese with confidence in the real world? Let's go!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter focuses on five essential Chinese location words and structures that are crucial for describing your surroundings and giving directions.
First, we have 中间 (zhōngjiān), which means in the middle or between two items. It often follows a noun or a phrase indicating the items. For example, to say your phone is between two books, you would say: 我的手机在两本书中间。(Wǒ de shǒujī zài liǎng běn shū zhōngjiān.) - My phone is in the middle of the two books. It specifies a precise location *within* or *among* a few items.
Next is 之间 (zhījiān), also meaning between, but it defines the actual *space* or *relationship* between things, be it physical distance or an abstract connection. It typically follows the items it describes. For instance: 两栋楼之间有一个小花园。(Liǎng dòng lóu zhījiān yǒu yī gè xiǎo huāyuán.) - There is a small garden between the two buildings.
It can also refer to abstract relationships, like friends between us (我们朋友之间).
For saying something is across from or opposite another object, 对面 (duìmiàn) is your best friend. This word is straightforward and usually follows the object it's opposite to. You can confidently say: 咖啡馆在车站对面。(Kāfēiguǎn zài chēzhàn duìmiàn.) - The cafe is across from the bus station.
To express nearby, Chinese uses the structure
X + 附近 (fùjìn),
meaning
in the vicinity of X.
This makes your speech incredibly natural. For example: 我家在学校附近。(Wǒ jiā zài xuéxiào fùjìn.) - My house is near the school. The noun (学校) comes before 附近.
Finally, 离 (lí) is essential for expressing *distance* between two points. This word empowers you to ask,
How far is it?
or state,
My house is far from here.
The structure is usually A 离 B + distance/adjective. For instance: 我家离公司很远。(Wǒ jiā lí gōngsī hěn yuǎn.) - My house is far from the company.
Or: 地铁站离这里很近。(Dìtiězhàn lí zhèlǐ hěn jìn.) - The subway station is very close to here. This structure is fundamental for discussing proximity in B1 Chinese.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我的手机在两本书之间。(Wǒ de shǒujī zài liǎng běn shū zhījiān.)
✓ Correct: 我的手机在两本书中间。(Wǒ de shǒujī zài liǎng běn shū zhōngjiān.)
*Explanation:* 中间 (zhōngjiān) is used for a specific item located *within* or *among* other items, implying a specific central point. 之间 (zhījiān) refers to the *space* or *relationship* *between* things, not the location of a single item.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 附近我家有一个公园。(Fùjìn wǒ jiā yǒu yī gè gōngyuán.)
✓ Correct: 我家附近有一个公园。(Wǒ jiā fùjìn yǒu yī gè gōngyuán.)
*Explanation:* 附近 (fùjìn) acts as a noun phrase modifier or a postposition, meaning
in the vicinity of X.
The noun it refers to (e.g., 我家) should come *before* 附近.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我家离很远公司。(Wǒ jiā lí hěn yuǎn gōngsī.)
✓ Correct: 我家离公司很远。(Wǒ jiā lí gōngsī hěn yuǎn.)
*Explanation:* The structure for 离 (lí) is A 离 B + distance/adjective. The second location (公司) must come directly after 离, not after the adjective (很远).

Real Conversations

A

A

请问，银行在哪里？ (Qǐngwèn, yínháng zài nǎlǐ?) (Excuse me, where is the bank?)
B

B

银行就在公园对面。(Yínháng jiù zài gōngyuán duìmiàn.) (The bank is just across from the park.)
A

A

你家离学校远吗？ (Nǐ jiā lí xuéxiào yuǎn ma?) (Is your house far from school?)
B

B

不远，我家离学校很近，走路五分钟就到了。(Bù yuǎn, wǒ jiā lí xuéxiào hěn jìn, zǒulù wǔ fēnzhōng jiù dào le.) (Not far, my house is very close to school, it takes only five minutes to walk there.)
A

A

我们在哪儿见面？ (Wǒmen zài nǎr jiànmiàn?) (Where shall we meet?)
B

B

我在书店和咖啡馆中间等你。(Wǒ zài shūdiàn hé kāfēiguǎn zhōngjiān děng nǐ.) (I'll wait for you between the bookstore and the cafe.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between 中间 (zhōngjiān) and 之间 (zhījiān) in Chinese grammar?

中间 (zhōngjiān) usually refers to a specific object's location *in the center* or *among* a small number of items. 之间 (zhījiān) refers to the *space* or *relationship* *between* two or more entities, often a more abstract concept or the general area.

Q

How do I ask

how far is it
in B1 Chinese?

You can ask

A 离 B 有多远？(A lí B yǒu duō yuǎn?)
or simply
这里离火车站远吗？(Zhèlǐ lí huǒchēzhàn yuǎn ma?)
(Is it far from here to the train station?).

Q

Can 附近 (fùjìn) be used without a preceding noun?

Yes, it can. For instance, if the context is clear, you can say

就在附近。(Jiù zài fùjìn.)
meaning "It's just nearby, or 这附近有商店吗？(Zhè fùjìn yǒu shāngdiàn ma?)" (Are there shops nearby?).

Q

Is 离 (lí) always used with 很远 (hěn yuǎn) or 很近 (hěn jìn)?

While 很远 and 很近 are very common, 离 (lí) can also be used with specific distances, like

我家离公司五公里。(Wǒ jiā lí gōngsī wǔ gōnglǐ.)
(My house is five kilometers from the company.)

Cultural Context

In China, giving and receiving directions is a very common and practical use of these Chinese location words. Native speakers often use landmarks rather than street names, so being able to say
across from the big supermarket
or
next to the bank
is far more useful than knowing obscure street names. Precision in description, using words like 对面, 附近, and 中间, helps avoid confusion in bustling cities.
When asking for directions, don't be surprised if locals use hand gestures extensively to complement their verbal instructions, highlighting the importance of clear spatial language.

Exemples clés (4)

1

Wǒjiā lí gōngsī hěn jìn, zǒulù zhǐyào wǔ fēnzhōng.

Ma maison est très proche du bureau ; il ne faut que 5 minutes à pied.

Exprimer la Distance : "Éloigné de" avec 离 (lí)
2

Zhège jiǔdiàn lí shìzhōngxīn tài yuǎn le!

Cet hôtel est trop loin du centre-ville !

Exprimer la Distance : "Éloigné de" avec 离 (lí)
3

我家附近有一个很好的咖啡馆。

Il y a un super café près de chez moi.

Dire 'À proximité' : Le mot 附近 (fùjìn)
4

请问，这儿附近有地铁站吗？

Excusez-moi, y a-t-il une station de métro près d'ici ?

Dire 'À proximité' : Le mot 附近 (fùjìn)

Conseils et astuces (4)

⚠️

Ne bouge pas !

Imagine que tu es une carte et que tu regardes un point fixe. 离 est pour les positions statiques. Si tu bouges, utilise plutôt 从 (cóng). «我从家去学校。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer la Distance : "Éloigné de" avec 离 (lí)
💡

Zappe le '的'

À l'oral, pour aller plus vite, tu peux oublier le «的» (de). Dire «书和电脑中间» sonne beaucoup plus naturel que de le rajouter à chaque fois.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Au milieu : Mot de localisation (中间 zhōngjiān)
🎯

La règle du miroir

C'est logique : si le bâtiment A est en face du B, alors le B est aussi en face du A ! «我家在公园对面。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mot de localisation : En face de ({对面|duìmiàn})
💡

Pense au 'Pont'

Vois 之间 comme un pont qui relie deux rives. Ce n'est pas un point précis, mais la connexion *entre* deux points, contrairement à 中间 : «我和他之间没有秘密。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mot de lieu : 之间 (zhījiān) - Entre

Vocabulaire clé (7)

书店(shūdiàn) bookstore 银行(yínháng) bank 咖啡馆(kāfēiguǎn) cafe 建筑(jiànzhù) building 距离(jùlí) distance 超市(chāoshì) supermarket 公里(gōnglǐ) kilometer

Real-World Preview

coffee

Finding the Hidden Cafe

Review Summary

  • A + 在 + B 和 C + 中间
  • A 和 B + 之间
  • A + 在 + B + 对面
  • Place + 附近
  • A + 离 + B + (很远/很近/Distance)

Erreurs courantes

Learners often use 从 (cóng - from) to express distance, but in Chinese, 离 (lí) is the specific preposition required for static distance between two points.

Wrong: 我从学校很远。(Wǒ cóng xuéxiào hěn yuǎn.)
Correct: 我离学校很远。(Wǒ lí xuéxiào hěn yuǎn.)

Nearby (附近) acts as a post-position. You must say the location first, then 'nearby'.

Wrong: 附近我的家有一个公园。(Fùjìn wǒ de jiā yǒu yī gè gōngyuán.)
Correct: 我家附近有一个公园。(Wǒ jiā fùjìn yǒu yī gè gōngyuán.)

While 'zhījiān' is technically 'between', 'zhōngjiān' is much more natural for the physical 'middle' position of objects.

Wrong: 书店在银行和超市之间。(Shūdiàn zài yínháng hé chāoshì zhījiān.)
Correct: 书店在银行和超市中间。(Shūdiàn zài yínháng hé chāoshì zhōngjiān.)

Next Steps

You've just built a solid foundation for navigating any Chinese-speaking environment. Keep practicing these spatial relationships, and soon they will feel like second nature!

Map Walk

Neighborhood Sketch

Continue to: Measuring Time and Frequency

Pratique rapide (6)

Complète la phrase avec la préposition correcte.

{图书馆|Túshūguǎn} ___ {宿舍|sùshè} {很|hěn} {近|jìn}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 离
Nous décrivons une distance statique entre la bibliothèque et le dortoir, pas un mouvement, donc utilise {离|lí}.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer la Distance : "Éloigné de" avec 离 (lí)

Quelle phrase décrit correctement la distance ?

Laquelle de ces phrases est grammaticalement correcte ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我家离公司很远。(Wǒjiā lí gōngsī hěn yuǎn.)
{从|cóng} implique une origine de mouvement. {在|zài} implique une localisation. Seul {离|lí} mesure la distance entre deux points.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer la Distance : "Éloigné de" avec 离 (lí)

Complète la phrase pour dire : 'Y a-t-il une banque près d'ici ?'

{这儿___有银行吗？|zhèr ___ yǒu yínháng ma?}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 附近 (fùjìn)
On demande pour la zone générale autour d'ici, donc {附近|fùjìn} est le meilleur choix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Dire 'À proximité' : Le mot 附近 (fùjìn)

Trouve l'erreur dans cette phrase.

Find and fix the mistake:

{现在|Xiànzài} {离|lí} {春节|Chūnjié} {是|shì} {两|liǎng} {周|zhōu}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Remplace 是 par 还有
Pour parler du temps restant, on utilise généralement {还有|háiyǒu} (il reste encore) ou juste la durée, pas {是|shì}.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Exprimer la Distance : "Éloigné de" avec 离 (lí)

Trouve l'erreur dans cette phrase.

Find and fix the mistake:

{我们在附近电影院见面。|wǒmen zài fùjìn diànyǐngyuàn jiànmiàn.} (Voyons-nous près du cinéma.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Changer 附近 en 电影院附近
Tu as dit 'Voisinage Cinéma'. Il faut dire 'Cinéma Voisinage' ({电影院附近|diànyǐngyuàn fùjìn}).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Dire 'À proximité' : Le mot 附近 (fùjìn)

Quelle phrase dit correctement 'J'habite près du parc' ?

Choisis le bon ordre des mots :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我住在公园附近。(wǒ zhù zài gōngyuán fùjìn)
{附近|fùjìn} doit obligatoirement se placer APRÈS le lieu (Parc + Voisinage).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Dire 'À proximité' : Le mot 附近 (fùjìn)

Score: /6

Questions fréquentes (6)

Non. En anglais, l'adjectif (loin) vient avant la référence (d'ici). En chinois, la référence vient d'abord : '{离|Lí} {这里|zhèlǐ} {很|hěn} {远|yuǎn}' (Loin d'ici [c'est] très loin).
Oui, absolument ! C'est parfait pour les comptes à rebours. '{离|Lí} {新年|Xīnnián} {还有|háiyǒu} {一|yī} {周|zhōu}' (Il reste encore une semaine avant le Nouvel An).
En fait, pour 'au milieu de la nuit', on utilise «半夜» (bànyè). «中间» est mieux pour une durée, comme
in the middle of the semester
.
«中心» (zhōngxīn) veut dire 'centre' ou 'cœur', souvent pour un centre-ville. «中间» (zhōngjiān) concerne plutôt l'espace entre les choses.
Techniquement, c'est un nom de localité. C'est pour ça qu'il se place après le lieu, comme pour nommer cette zone précise : «银行对面».
Non. {对|duì} signifie généralement 'correct' ou 'vers'. Pour dire 'en face', il faut le mot complet : «他在我对面».
Chapitre suivant
Measuring Time and Frequency
Retour à la feuille de route