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B2 adjective 8 min de lecture

渺茫

miaomang
Exemples Notes et astuces 渺茫 en 30 secondes
Explication 渺茫 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '渺茫' is quite advanced. You can think of it as a very strong way to say 'I don't know' or 'It's very hard.' Imagine you are looking for a lost toy in a huge park. If the park is too big and the toy is too small, finding it is '渺茫'. At this level, just remember that '渺茫' is used when something is almost impossible to find or see. It's like saying 'very, very difficult' but for things like hopes and dreams. You might see it in simple stories about people looking for things in the sea or the desert. Don't worry about using it yourself yet; just recognize that it means 'very slim chance.' It's a 'sad' word because it means something you want is far away.
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For A2 learners, '渺茫' is a word you might see in short news clips or simple stories. It is an adjective. You use it to describe things that are 'not clear' and 'far away.' The most important phrase to learn is '希望渺茫' (xīwàng miǎománg), which means 'hope is very small.' If you are playing a game and the other team has 100 points and you have 1 point, your hope of winning is '渺茫.' It's different from '远' (yuǎn - far) because '远' is just about distance, but '渺茫' is about how you feel—you feel like you can't reach it. Try to remember it as 'vague' or 'uncertain.' It's a formal word, so you don't use it for small things like 'where is my pen?', but for big things like 'will I be a movie star?'
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At the B1 level, you should begin to understand the specific contexts where '渺茫' is appropriate. It often describes abstract nouns. You will hear it in conversations about the future (前途) or opportunities (机会). A key part of B1 is learning to express opinions with more nuance. Instead of just saying '不可能' (impossible), saying '机会渺茫' (the chance is slim) makes you sound more polite and sophisticated. It suggests that while there is a tiny chance, it is so small that we shouldn't count on it. You should also notice its 'water' radical, which helps you visualize the vastness. It's often used in the structure '...的希望渺茫' or '...的前途渺茫.' Start looking for it in the subtitles of TV shows when characters talk about their difficult lives.
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As a B2 learner, you are expected to use '渺茫' accurately in your writing and speaking. You should understand that it carries a literary and formal tone. It is not just about 'uncertainty' but about a specific kind of uncertainty caused by 'vastness' or 'remoteness.' You should be able to distinguish it from '模糊' (blurry). For example, a memory can be '模糊', but a plan for the next ten years might be '渺茫.' At this level, you can use it to describe scenery as well, such as '烟波渺茫' (misty water). You should also be comfortable using degree adverbs with it, like '十分渺茫' or '极其渺茫.' It is a very useful word for essays about social issues, where you might discuss how the '希望' of solving a problem is '渺茫' without collective effort.
At the C1 level, you should appreciate the poetic and philosophical weight of '渺茫.' It is a word that appears frequently in classical and modern literature to describe the human condition. You should understand its etymological roots—how the characters for 'tiny' and 'vast' combine to create a sense of existential insignificance. You can use it to describe not just hopes, but also the 'vastness' of history or the 'vagueness' of ancient legends ('消息渺茫'). You should also be able to use it in more complex sentence structures, including idiomatic expressions or four-character phrases (chengyu) that involve these characters. Your usage should reflect an understanding of its emotional resonance—the blend of distance, uncertainty, and a touch of sadness.
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For C2 learners, '渺茫' is a tool for precise expression in high-level academic or literary discourse. You should be able to analyze its use in various historical periods and how its meaning has shifted from purely physical descriptions of nature to abstract psychological states. You can use it to critique a philosophical argument or to describe the 'remote and uncertain' nature of cosmic phenomena. You should be sensitive to the rhythm it creates in a sentence and how it pairs with other high-level vocabulary. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are wielding it to evoke a specific atmosphere of 'sublime vastness' and 'tenuous possibility' that few other words can capture as effectively.
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Exemples Notes et astuces

渺茫 en 30 secondes

  • Used for slim chances and low probability.
  • Describes vast, misty, or vague scenery.
  • Formal and literary register in Mandarin.
  • Commonly paired with 'hope' and 'future'.

The Chinese word 渺茫 (miǎománg) is a sophisticated adjective primarily used to describe things that are distant, vague, or unlikely to happen. Rooted in the imagery of vast, misty waters where the horizon disappears, it captures a specific sense of uncertainty that is both spatial and abstract. When you use this word, you are not just saying something is 'unclear'; you are suggesting that it is so far away or so obscured by circumstances that it is nearly impossible to grasp or realize. In modern Mandarin, it is most frequently paired with concepts like 'hope' (希望), 'future' (前途), or 'news' (音讯) to indicate a very low probability of success or a lack of definite information.

Visual Imagery
The character 渺 (miǎo) contains the water radical, suggesting a vast expanse of water that makes objects look tiny. The character 茫 (máng) also relates to vastness and the feeling of being lost. Together, they evoke the feeling of standing on a shore looking at a tiny boat in a thick fog.
Abstract Application
While it can describe physical distance, it is almost always used metaphorically in daily conversation to describe psychological states or the feasibility of plans. If someone tells you their 'hopes are 渺茫', they are expressing a deep sense of doubt and discouragement.

在这场激烈的竞争中，他获胜的希望十分渺茫。 (In this intense competition, his hope of winning is extremely slim.)

In literary contexts, authors use 渺茫 to create a mood of melancholy or existential dread. It reflects the insignificance of human effort against the vastness of time or fate. For example, describing the 'distant past' as '烟波渺茫' (misty and vast like smoke and waves) emphasizes how much has been forgotten. In professional settings, it is a polite but firm way to manage expectations, signaling that a requested outcome is statistically improbable without being overly blunt or rude.

前途一片渺茫，让他感到非常困惑。 (The future is completely vague and uncertain, making him feel very confused.)

Common Contexts
It is often used when discussing career prospects, the search for missing persons, or the likelihood of a miracle occurring in a difficult situation.

由于缺乏线索，案件的侦破工作变得非常渺茫。 (Due to a lack of clues, the resolution of the case has become very uncertain.)

Using 渺茫 correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective that usually follows a noun phrase or functions as a predicate. It is rarely used directly before a noun without a linking particle like '的', though its most powerful usage is as a standalone descriptor for abstract nouns. To master this word, you should focus on the 'Noun + 渺茫' pattern, which is the standard way to express that a specific possibility is fading away.

Pattern: [Subject] + [Degree Adverb] + 渺茫
This is the most common structure. Common subjects include 希望 (hope), 机会 (opportunity), 前途 (future), and 消息 (news). Degree adverbs like 十分 (extremely), 非常 (very), or 极其 (exceptionally) are often used to emphasize the slimness of the chance.

虽然我们努力了，但成功的机会依然渺茫。 (Although we worked hard, the chance of success is still slim.)

Another important usage is in describing vast distances or the feeling of being overwhelmed by space. In this sense, it describes something so large and featureless that it becomes difficult to perceive detail. This is common in travel writing or poetry. For instance, describing the sea or the desert using this word conveys a sense of loneliness and the insignificance of the traveler.

大海烟波渺茫，看不见尽头。 (The sea is misty and vast, with no end in sight.)

Negative Connotations
While not inherently 'bad', 渺茫 almost always carries a negative or melancholic tone because it signifies a lack of certainty. You wouldn't use it to describe a surprise party (which is uncertain but positive), but rather for a missing person's return (which is uncertain and worrying).

他离开多年，至今音讯渺茫。 (He has been gone for many years, and to this day, there is no news of him.)

In everyday modern life, you are less likely to hear 渺茫 in a casual chat over coffee and more likely to encounter it in formal media, literature, or serious discussions about life and business. It is a 'high-register' word, meaning it sounds educated and thoughtful. News broadcasters use it frequently when reporting on difficult rescue operations or economic forecasts that look bleak. For example, during a search and rescue mission for a lost ship, a reporter might say, '生还的希望已经变得非常渺茫' (The hope of survival has become very slim).

Business and Career
In the corporate world, mentors or colleagues might use this word to provide a realistic assessment of a project. '要在本月底完成这个项目，希望比较渺茫' (To finish this project by the end of the month, the hope is quite slim). It sounds more professional and objective than saying 'It's impossible'.

对于这个刚毕业的学生来说，在大城市买房的愿望还很渺茫。 (For this fresh graduate, the wish to buy a house in a big city is still very remote.)

You will also find this word extensively in Chinese pop songs and TV dramas, particularly those dealing with long-distance relationships or historical tragedies. When a character in a period drama looks at the moon and sighs about their '渺茫' future, they are connecting their personal fate to the vast, uncaring universe. It is a word that drips with 'Spleen' or 'Melancholy' (忧郁).

歌词中写道：“在这渺茫的人海中，我终于找到了你。” (The lyrics say: "In this vast and vague sea of people, I finally found you.")

Academic and Philosophical Texts
When discussing the origins of the universe or the distant reaches of space, scientists and philosophers use 渺茫 to describe the scale of existence compared to human perception.

The most common mistake learners make with 渺茫 is confusing it with other words that mean 'vague' or 'distant' but have different nuances. Because 渺茫 has such a specific 'watery' and 'abstractly remote' feeling, using it for physical objects that are just out of focus is incorrect. For example, if your glasses are dirty, your vision is 模糊 (móhu), not 渺茫. 渺茫 implies that the thing itself might not even be there, or is so far in time/probability that it can't be reached.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 模糊 (móhu)
模糊 is for physical blurriness or unclear logic. 渺茫 is for probability or vast distance. You cannot say '字迹渺茫' (the handwriting is vague); you must say '字迹模糊'.

错误：他的视力很渺茫。 (Incorrect: His vision is very slim/vague.)
正确：他的视力很模糊。 (Correct: His vision is blurry.)

Another error is using it to describe a short distance. 渺茫 is inherently 'vast'. Even if something is hard to see because it's tiny, if it's right in front of you, you wouldn't use 渺茫. It requires a sense of scale. Furthermore, it is rarely used for people's personalities. You wouldn't call a quiet person '渺茫'; that person is '深沉' (deep) or '内向' (introverted).

Mistake 3: Incorrect Subject Pairing
New learners often try to use it with 'time' directly, like '时间很渺茫'. This is incorrect. Time itself isn't 渺茫; rather, an event within time or the prospect of a meeting in the future is 渺茫.

错误：我们见面的时间很渺茫。 (Incorrect: The time of our meeting is vague/slim.)
正确：我们见面的机会很渺茫。 (Correct: The chance of us meeting is slim.)

To truly understand 渺茫, it is helpful to compare it with its 'cousins' in the Chinese language. These words all share a semantic space of uncertainty or lack of clarity, but they are used in different scenarios. By choosing the right one, you show a higher level of fluency and a better grasp of Chinese nuance.

渺茫 (miǎománg) vs. 模糊 (móhu)
渺茫: Focuses on probability and vast, unreachable distance. Used for hopes and futures.
模糊: Focuses on lack of physical clarity or precision. Used for images, memories, and logic.
渺茫 (miǎománg) vs. 遥远 (yáoyuǎn)
渺茫: Implies the thing is not only far but also hard to see or unlikely to happen.
遥远: Simply means physically or temporally far away. A '遥远' goal can still be very clear and certain, whereas a '渺茫' goal is doubtful.

虽然目标遥远，但并不渺茫。 (Although the goal is distant, it is not uncertain/slim.)

Another similar word is 隐约 (yǐnyuē). While 渺茫 suggests something is lost in a vast space, 隐约 suggests something is partially visible or audible, like a faint sound or a distant light. You might hear '隐约的歌声' (faint singing), but you would say '前途渺茫' (the future is vague). Use 隐约 when you can actually perceive a small part of the thing, and 渺茫 when the thing feels almost nonexistent.

Comparison Table
1. 渺茫: Remote, uncertain, slim (Hope).
2. 微弱: Weak, faint (Light, pulse).
3. 虚无: Nihilistic, void (Philosophy).
4. 淡薄: Thin, indifferent (Interest, fog).

Le savais-tu ?

The character 渺 (miǎo) contains 'small' (少) and 'eye' (目) alongside the 'water' radical, suggesting something so far on the water that the eye sees it as tiny.

Guide de prononciation

UK /mjɑːʊˈmæŋ/
US /mjaʊˈmæŋ/
In Pinyin (miǎománg), the stress is relatively equal, but the third tone on 'miǎo' often makes it feel longer.
Rime avec
苍 (cāng) 茫 (máng) 长 (cháng) 忙 (máng) 光 (guāng) 房 (fáng) 狼 (láng) 强 (qiáng)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing 'miǎo' as 'miāo' (first tone).
  • Pronouncing 'máng' as 'māng' (first tone).
  • Confusing 'máng' with 'màn' (slow).
  • Missing the 'i' in 'miǎo'.
  • Over-nasalizing the 'ng' sound.
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Exemples par niveau

1

希望很渺茫。

Hope is very slim.

Simple subject + adverb + adjective structure.

2

他的家在渺茫的大海那边。

His home is on the other side of the vast sea.

Used as an adjective before a noun with '的'.

3

找那个小球的希望很渺茫。

The hope of finding that small ball is very slim.

Identifying a specific hope.

4

前途渺茫。

The future is vague.

A common two-word subject-predicate phrase.

5

机会太渺茫了。

The chance is too slim.

Using '太...了' for emphasis.

6

消息渺茫。

News is uncertain/absent.

Commonly used with 'news'.

7

那个地方很渺茫。

That place is very remote and hard to find.

Describing a location's accessibility.

8

成功的希望渺茫吗？

Is the hope of success slim?

Question form using '吗'.

1

在森林里找人，希望非常渺茫。

Finding someone in the forest is a very slim hope.

Setting a context before the statement.

2

他觉得自己的未来很渺茫。

He feels his own future is very uncertain.

Expressing a personal feeling.

3

因为下大雨，我们准时到达的机会很渺茫。

Because of the heavy rain, our chance of arriving on time is slim.

Using '因为' to give a reason.

4

那个小岛在渺茫的烟波中。

That small island is in the misty, vast waves.

Describing scenery.

5

虽然很难，但并不是完全渺茫。

Although it's hard, it's not completely hopeless.

Using '并不是' for negation.

6

医生说，救活他的希望很渺茫。

The doctor said the hope of saving him is slim.

Reporting what someone said.

7

在这么多书里找一张纸，希望太渺茫了。

Finding a piece of paper among all these books is too slim a hope.

Comparing a task to the vastness.

8

远方的山影显得很渺茫。

The shadow of the distant mountain appears very vague.

Describing visual perception.

1

由于缺乏资金，这个项目成功的可能性非常渺茫。

Due to a lack of funds, the possibility of this project succeeding is very slim.

Using '由于' (due to) in a formal context.

2

他在茫茫人海中寻找那个渺茫的机会。

He is looking for that slim chance in the vast sea of people.

Using '渺茫' alongside '茫茫' for poetic effect.

3

对于一个没有经验的人来说，获得这份工作的希望很渺茫。

For someone without experience, the hope of getting this job is slim.

Using '对于...来说' (As for...).

4

天色已晚，在草原上找到路的可能性变得更加渺茫。

It's late, and the possibility of finding the road on the grassland has become even slimmer.

Using '更加' for increased degree.

5

他并没有因为前途渺茫而放弃努力。

He did not give up his efforts because the future was uncertain.

Using '因为...而' structure.

6

那段历史已经变得渺茫，很少有人记得了。

That period of history has become vague; few people remember it now.

Applying the word to time and memory.

7

在茫茫大海中，那一星灯火显得格外渺茫。

In the vast sea, that single light looks exceptionally tiny and distant.

Using '格外' (exceptionally).

8

如果我们不采取行动，获胜的机会将变得非常渺茫。

If we don't take action, the chance of winning will become very slim.

Future conditional structure.

1

在这个竞争激烈的行业里，小公司生存的希望往往很渺茫。

In this highly competitive industry, the hope of survival for small companies is often slim.

Using '往往' (often) to describe a general trend.

2

他望着窗外渺茫的夜色，陷入了沉思。

He looked at the vague night scene outside the window and fell into deep thought.

Describing an emotional state through scenery.

3

尽管线索渺茫，警察依然没有停止调查。

Despite the slim clues, the police still have not stopped the investigation.

Using '尽管...依然' (Despite... still).

4

在这个偏僻的村庄里，想要出人头地的机会确实很渺茫。

In this remote village, the chance to stand out and succeed is indeed slim.

Using '出人头地' (to stand out/succeed).

5

他所描述的那个理想世界，在现实中显得如此渺茫。

The ideal world he described seems so remote and unattainable in reality.

Using '如此' (so) for emphasis.

6

随着时间的流逝，找回丢失财物的希望越来越渺茫。

With the passage of time, the hope of recovering lost property is becoming slimmer and slimmer.

Using '随着...的流逝' (With the passage of...).

7

那艘船消失在渺茫的海天交接处。

The ship disappeared into the vague horizon where the sea meets the sky.

Describing a physical disappearance into distance.

8

他的回答含糊其辞，让人觉得合作的前景十分渺茫。

His answer was vague, making people feel that the prospects for cooperation are very slim.

Connecting verbal ambiguity to future uncertainty.

1

史前文明的真相在漫长的岁月中变得愈发渺茫。

The truth about prehistoric civilizations has become increasingly obscure over the long years.

Using '愈发' (all the more/increasingly).

2

他追求的是一种渺茫的艺术境界，常人难以理解。

What he pursues is a remote and vague artistic realm that ordinary people find hard to understand.

Describing abstract concepts of 'realm' (境界).

3

在浩瀚的宇宙中，地球的存在显得既伟大又渺茫。

In the vast universe, the existence of Earth appears both great and insignificant/remote.

Using '既...又' (both... and).

4

这份音讯渺茫的思念，伴随了他整整一生。

This longing, for which there was no news or certainty, accompanied him throughout his entire life.

Using '渺茫' to modify '思念' (longing/missing).

5

政治局势瞬息万变，和平的希望依然显得扑朔迷离且渺茫。

The political situation changes rapidly, and the hope for peace remains blurred and slim.

Combining '渺茫' with '扑朔迷离' (complicated/confusing).

6

古人的智慧在古籍的残卷中若隐若现，却又显得如此渺茫。

The wisdom of the ancients appears faintly in the fragments of ancient books, yet seems so remote.

Contrast between '若隐若现' (faintly visible) and '渺茫'.

7

对于永生的追求，自古以来就是人类一个渺茫的幻想。

The pursuit of immortality has been a remote fantasy of mankind since ancient times.

Defining a concept as a '渺茫' fantasy.

8

在那段动荡的岁月里，个人的命运在时代的大潮中显得极其渺茫。

In those turbulent years, individual destiny seemed extremely insignificant/uncertain in the tide of the era.

Metaphorical use for individual fate vs. history.

1

庄子笔下的北冥，是一个意象渺茫、超脱现实的远方。

The 'Northern Sea' described by Zhuangzi is a remote and vague imagery, a place beyond reality.

Literary analysis of classical texts.

2

在量子力学的尺度下，粒子的位置和动量往往呈现出一种渺茫的概率分布。

At the scale of quantum mechanics, the position and momentum of particles often present a vague probability distribution.

Applying the term to scientific/philosophical concepts.

3

诗人在登高远眺时，常感叹宇宙之无穷与个人抱负之渺茫。

When poets climb high to look into the distance, they often lament the infinity of the universe and the remoteness of their personal ambitions.

Discussing common themes in classical Chinese poetry.

4

这种渺茫的宿命感，贯穿了整部小说的悲剧基调。

This vague sense of fatalism runs through the tragic tone of the entire novel.

Literary criticism terminology.

5

人类试图在渺茫的星际信号中寻找地外文明的蛛丝马迹。

Humans attempt to find traces of extraterrestrial civilizations among the vague interstellar signals.

Using '蛛丝马迹' (clues/traces) with '渺茫'.

6

历史的真相往往掩埋在渺茫的传说与后人的臆测之中。

The truth of history is often buried in vague legends and the conjectures of later generations.

Discussing historiography.

7

他在晚年回忆起童年往事，只觉得如烟如雾，渺茫不可捉摸。

Recalling childhood events in his later years, he felt they were like smoke and mist, vague and intangible.

Using '不可捉摸' (intangible/elusive).

8

哲学家们在渺茫的思想深处，探寻着存在的终极意义。

Philosophers explore the ultimate meaning of existence in the remote depths of thought.

Metaphorical use for the 'depths of thought'.

Collocations courantes

希望渺茫
前途渺茫
音讯渺茫
机会渺茫
烟波渺茫
线索渺茫
愿望渺茫
前程渺茫
神情渺茫
星光渺茫

Phrases Courantes

渺茫的希望

— A very slim hope that is unlikely to be fulfilled.

他抱着渺茫的希望在等待。

前途一片渺茫

— The future is completely uncertain and looks bleak.

面对失业，他觉得前途一片渺茫。

音讯全无渺茫

— Absolutely no news and very little hope of hearing anything.

失踪者至今音讯全无，渺茫得很。

渺茫的大海

— The vast and featureless ocean.

小船消失在渺茫的大海中。

渺茫的幻想

— A remote and unrealistic fantasy.

那只是他一个渺茫的幻想。

机会极其渺茫

— The chance is exceptionally slim.

生还的机会极其渺茫。

渺茫的远方

— The vague and distant horizon.

他注视着渺茫的远方。

渺茫的尘世

— The vast and confusing mortal world (literary).

在渺茫的尘世中寻找真理。

渺茫的星空

— The vast and distant starry sky.

渺茫的星空让人感到卑微。

记忆渺茫

— Memories that are very distant and hard to recall.

童年的记忆已经变得渺茫。

Expressions idiomatiques

"虚无缥缈"

— Vague, illusory, and non-existent; like mist.

那个计划听起来虚无缥缈。

Literary
"烟波渺茫"

— Misty and vast (usually describing water).

洞庭湖烟波渺茫。

Poetic
"音讯渺茫"

— No news has been heard for a long time.

他去国外后音讯渺茫。

Formal
"前途渺茫"

— The future prospects are very uncertain.

公司倒闭后，大家感到前途渺茫。

Common
"渺茫无际"

— Vast and without boundaries.

草原渺茫无际。

Literary
"希望渺茫"

— Very little hope remains.

救援成功的希望渺茫。

Common
"渺不可测"

— So vast or vague it cannot be measured.

深渊渺不可测。

Formal
"渺无踪影"

— Disappeared without a trace into the distance.

那只鸟飞向天空，渺无踪影。

Literary
"渺无音讯"

— Completely without news (similar to 音讯渺茫).

他渺无音讯已经十年了。

Formal
"渺小如尘"

— As tiny as dust (often used in contrast with 渺茫's vastness).

在渺茫的宇宙中，人渺小如尘。

Poetic

Famille de mots

Noms

渺小 (miǎoxiǎo - insignificance)
茫然 (mángrán - state of being lost)

Adjectifs

渺茫 (miǎománg - vague)
茫茫 (mángmáng - boundless)
渺 (miǎo - tiny/vast)

Apparenté

模糊
遥远
虚幻
空洞
微弱
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Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of the 'M' in Miǎo and Máng as representing a 'Misty Mountain' or 'Misty Marine' view where you can't see the end.

Association visuelle

Imagine a tiny paper boat in the middle of a giant, foggy ocean. The boat is the hope, and the fog/ocean is the '渺茫' state.

Word Web

希望 (Hope) 前途 (Future) 机会 (Opportunity) 大海 (Sea) 烟波 (Mist) 模糊 (Blurry) 遥远 (Distant) 微小 (Tiny)

Défi

Try to write three sentences about a difficult goal you have, using '渺茫' to describe the difficulty honestly.

Origine du mot

The word is a compound of two characters: 渺 (miǎo) and 茫 (máng). Both characters are associated with water and vastness.

Sens originel : Originally described the vast, indistinct surface of a large body of water where things appear tiny and blurred.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese).

Contexte culturel

It is a heavy word; using it about someone's personal dream can sound very discouraging.

English speakers might use 'slim' or 'remote' for the same concept, but '渺茫' carries a more poetic and visual weight.

Classical poems describing the Yangtze River. Modern songs about lost love in big cities. News reports on the MH370 disappearance.
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