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A2 noun 10 min de lecture

职务

zhi wu

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 职务 en 30 secondes

Explication 职务 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't really need to use the word 职务. Instead, you use simple words like 工作 (gōngzuò) which means 'work' or 'job'. When you want to say what you do, you say '我是老师' (I am a teacher) or '他在公司工作' (He works in a company). 职务 is too formal for beginners. However, it is good to know that it exists for when you see it on a form. Just remember that if you see 职务, it is asking for your job title. At this stage, focus on verbs like '做' (to do) and '有' (to have) with '工作'. You might hear people talk about their job, but they will likely use very simple nouns. If you encounter 职务 in a simple reading, just think of it as 'job title'. It's like the difference between saying 'I have a job' and 'I hold a professional position'. A1 learners should prioritize general communication over formal administrative vocabulary.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more specific vocabulary for the workplace. You might need to fill out a basic application form or introduce yourself in a slightly more formal way. This is where 职务 (zhíwù) becomes useful. You should learn that 职务 means 'position' or 'post'. While you still use 工作 for daily activities, you can use 职务 when talking about your specific title. For example, '我的职务是经理' (My position is manager). You should also learn the verb 担任 (dānrèn), which means 'to hold a position'. A2 learners can use 职务 to make their Chinese sound more professional. It shows you understand the difference between a general job and a specific role. You might also see this word in simple news headlines about famous people getting new jobs. It is a key word for basic business Chinese.

At the B1 level, you should be able to use 职务 in more complex sentences and understand its nuances. You will start to see it paired with words like 履行 (lǚxíng - to perform) and 职责 (zhízé - responsibility). At this level, you should distinguish between 职务 (the post) and 职责 (the duties). For example, '履行职务' is a common phrase you might encounter in a work contract. You should also be able to talk about changes in position, such as 职务变动 (zhíwù biàndòng). B1 learners should be comfortable using 职务 in a professional introduction or when discussing career goals. You might also start to see the word in legal or social contexts, such as 'performing official duties'. It is no longer just a word on a form, but a functional part of your professional vocabulary. You should also understand that it is more formal than 职位 (zhíwèi).

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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of 职务 in various formal and semi-formal contexts. You will encounter it in news reports, business legalities, and academic discussions. You should understand the concept of 职务犯罪 (zhíwù fànzuì - occupational crime) and 职务侵占 (zhíwù qīnzhàn - occupational embezzlement). This level requires you to understand how 职务 functions in the broader social and legal system of China. You should be able to discuss the 'scope of authority' (职务范围) and how it relates to power and responsibility. B2 learners should also be aware of the register; 职务 is used to convey a certain level of seriousness. You will see it in literature or formal essays when discussing a character's social standing or their official obligations. You should also be able to use related formal verbs like 撤销 (chèxiāo - revoke) or 罢免 (bàmiǎn - dismiss) in conjunction with 职务.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 职务 should be sophisticated. you should be able to analyze how the term is used in political discourse and administrative law. You will encounter it in deep discussions about governance, institutional structures, and professional ethics. You should understand the subtle differences between 职务, 职称, and 职权 (zhíquán - official power). At this level, you are expected to use 职务 naturally in high-level business negotiations or academic writing. You should be able to discuss the implications of 'performing one's duties' in a philosophical or legal sense. You will also see 职务 used in historical contexts, referring to the official posts in ancient Chinese bureaucracies. Your ability to use this word correctly reflects a high degree of cultural and linguistic competence in formal Chinese.

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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over the word 职务 and its place in the Chinese language. You can use it with precision in legal drafting, policy analysis, or literary criticism. You understand its historical evolution and how it reflects Chinese societal values regarding hierarchy and duty. You can differentiate between the most subtle synonyms and use them to create specific rhetorical effects. In a C2 context, 职务 might be discussed in terms of its impact on individual identity or its role in systemic corruption. You are able to interpret complex legal texts where 职务 is a central term and can argue the nuances of its application in various cases. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, and you can navigate the most formal Chinese environments with ease, using 职务 to accurately describe complex organizational structures.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

职务 en 30 secondes

职务 (zhíwù) is a formal noun meaning 'position,' 'post,' or 'duties' within an organization or government.
It is more formal than '工作' (work) and focuses on the official title and responsibilities held by an individual.
Commonly used in professional contexts like resumes, contracts, and news reports to specify a person's rank and role.
Key verbs used with it include '担任' (to hold), '履行' (to perform), and '辞去' (to resign).

The Chinese word 职务 (zhíwù) is a formal noun that primarily refers to a person's official post, position, or the specific duties associated with their role within an organization, government, or institution. To understand 职务, one must look at its component characters: 职 (zhí), which relates to office, duty, or profession, and 务 (wù), which pertains to affairs, business, or matters that must be attended to. When combined, 职务 signifies the formal set of responsibilities and the specific title one holds. It is significantly more formal than the general word for work, 工作 (gōngzuò), or the word for a general profession, 职业 (zhíyè). You will most frequently encounter 职务 in professional contexts, such as on a resume (简历), within a formal contract (合同), during an official introduction at a business meeting, or in news reports discussing the appointments or removals of government officials. It emphasizes the authority and the obligations that come with a specific rank. For instance, if someone asks about your 职务, they are not just asking where you work, but specifically what your title is and what official capacity you serve in. It carries a weight of institutional recognition.

Official Capacity: 职务 refers to the formal title and the legal or organizational powers granted to an individual.

Scope of Duty: It encompasses the specific tasks and obligations that a person is required to perform by virtue of their post.

他在政府部门担任重要的职务。 (He holds an important position in the government department.)

请在表格中填写您的姓名和职务。 (Please fill in your name and position on the form.)

In a corporate setting, 职务 defines the boundary of one's authority. For example, a manager's 职务 includes making decisions and overseeing staff, while an accountant's 职务 involves financial auditing and reporting. This word is also central to legal discussions regarding 'abuse of power' (滥用职权), where the 'power' is derived directly from one's 职务. It is not a word you would typically use in a casual conversation with friends over coffee unless you were specifically discussing the formal details of a promotion or a job description. Instead, it serves as a pillar of formal Chinese administrative and business vocabulary. Understanding 职务 is essential for anyone navigating the Chinese professional landscape, as it helps distinguish between what someone does for a living (职业) and the specific role they currently occupy within an organization (职务). The term also appears in the context of 'performing one's duties' (履行职务), which is a standard phrase used in performance reviews and legal documents to describe the execution of one's professional responsibilities.

由于他表现出色，公司提升了他的职务。 (Because of his excellent performance, the company promoted his position.)

他在履行职务期间非常尽责。 (He was very responsible while performing his duties.)

Formal Resignation: When resigning, one '辞去职务' (resigns from the post), which is a formal way to announce leaving a specific title.

他已经辞去了在董事会的职务。 (He has already resigned from his position on the board of directors.)

Using 职务 correctly requires an understanding of the verbs it typically pairs with. In Chinese, we don't just 'have' a 职务; we usually 'hold' it (担任 dānrèn), 'perform' it (履行 lǚxíng), or 'be removed from' it (撤销 chèxiāo). This word is almost exclusively used as a noun. When constructing sentences, it often appears in the object position after a formal verb. For example, '担任职务' is the standard way to say 'to hold a post.' If you are describing someone's rank, you might say '职务很高' (the position is very high). In formal writing, you might see '职务犯罪' (occupational crime), referring to crimes committed by people using their official positions.

Holding a Post: Use '担任' (dānrèn) to indicate someone occupies a specific role. Example: 他担任总经理职务。

张先生在公司里担任什么职务？ (What position does Mr. Zhang hold in the company?)

Another common pattern involves the removal or resignation from a post. Verbs like '撤销' (revoke/dismiss), '免去' (remove from), and '辞去' (resign) are frequently used with 职务. For example, '免去其职务' is a standard formal phrase used in government announcements to state that someone has been relieved of their duties. In a legal context, '履行职务' (performing duties) is crucial for determining liability; if an employee causes damage while 'performing their 职务', the company might be held responsible.

Formal Removal: Use '免去' (miǎnqù) for formal removal. Example: 董事会免去了他的职务。

他因为严重违纪被撤销了所有职务。 (He was stripped of all positions due to serious disciplinary violations.)

Executing Duties: Use '履行' (lǚxíng) to talk about doing the work required by the post. Example: 履行职务是每个员工的责任。

他在履行职务时受了伤。 (He was injured while performing his duties.)

In more complex sentences, 职务 can be modified by adjectives like '重要的' (important), '高级的' (high-level), or '法定的' (statutory). For example, '法定的职务' refers to duties required by law. You can also see it used in possessive structures: '其职务范围' (the scope of his position). When discussing professional growth, you might use '职务晋升' (job promotion).

这次职务晋升对他来说是个巨大的挑战。 (This promotion in position is a huge challenge for him.)

他目前的职务是市场部经理。 (His current position is Marketing Manager.)

Scope of Authority: Use '职务范围' to define what someone is allowed or required to do. Example: 这超出了他的职务范围。

The word 职务 is ubiquitous in formal Chinese society, particularly in the spheres of government, large-scale corporate management, and legal administration. If you watch the Chinese news (新闻联播), you will frequently hear it when the announcer lists the titles of visiting dignitaries or when reporting on Communist Party appointments. In these contexts, 职务 is used to convey respect and to clarify the exact level of authority the person holds. In a business context, you will find it in human resources documents. When you apply for a job in China, the application form will almost certainly have a field labeled '职务' where you are expected to list your previous titles. During an interview, an HR manager might ask, '你以前在那个公司担任什么职务？' (What position did you hold in that company?). This is a standard, polite, and professional way to inquire about your career history.

News & Media: Used to identify officials and their ranks. It adds a layer of formality and precision to the reporting.

新闻报道了该官员的职务变动。 (The news reported on the official's change of position.)

In legal and police dramas, 职务 is used in the context of 'performing official duties.' You might hear a police officer say, '我正在执行职务' (I am performing my duties) to justify their actions or to demand cooperation. Similarly, in court cases involving corruption, the term '职务侵占' (occupational embezzlement) is a specific legal charge. This word is also common in academic circles when referring to the positions of professors, such as '院长' (Dean) or '系主任' (Department Head). In any formal setting where hierarchy and specific roles are important, 职务 is the go-to word. It is rarely heard in blue-collar environments or casual labor settings where '活儿' (work/job) or '工作' are more common.

Legal Contexts: Crucial for defining the legality of actions taken by employees or officials.

他在执行职务时表现得非常专业。 (He acted very professionally while carrying out his duties.)

Corporate Introductions: Standard in business card exchanges and formal meeting protocols.

名片上印着他的姓名和职务。 (His name and position are printed on the business card.)

Finally, you'll hear it in the context of '职务津贴' (position allowance) or '职务工资' (position-based salary) when discussing compensation structures in state-owned enterprises or government offices. These terms highlight that the pay is tied specifically to the title held, rather than just the hours worked.

公司为这个职务提供了丰厚的津贴。 (The company provides a generous allowance for this position.)

The most common mistake learners make with 职务 is confusing it with other 'job' related words like 工作 (gōngzuò), 职业 (zhíyè), and 职位 (zhíwèi). While they all relate to employment, their usage is quite distinct. 工作 is the most general term, meaning 'work' or 'job' in any sense. You can 'go to 工作' or 'have a lot of 工作 to do.' However, you cannot 'go to 职务.' 职务 is a formal category or title, not an activity. 职业 refers to one's lifelong profession or career path, like being a 'doctor' or 'teacher.' 职务, on the other hand, is the specific post you hold within that profession, such as 'Head of Surgery' or 'Senior Lecturer.'

Confusion with 工作: Mistake: 我今天的职务很多。 (My position today is a lot.) Correct: 我今天的工作很多。 (I have a lot of work today.)

他找了一份新工作，职务是销售主管。 (He found a new job; his position is Sales Supervisor.)

Another frequent area of confusion is between 职务 and 职位. While they are often interchangeable in casual speech, 职位 (zhíwèi) emphasizes the 'location' or 'slot' in a company's hierarchy (the 'seat'), whereas 职务 emphasizes the 'duties' and 'official capacity' (the 'responsibilities'). In formal documents, 职务 is preferred for legal and administrative roles. Additionally, learners often misuse the verb '做' (zuò - to do) with 职务. In Chinese, you don't '做' a 职务; you '担任' (dānrèn - hold/serve as) a 职务. Saying '我做这个职务' sounds slightly uneducated or overly colloquial.

Confusion with 职业: Mistake: 我的职务是医生。 (My official post is a doctor.) Correct: 我的职业是医生。 (My profession is a doctor.)

医生是他的职业，而院长的职务是他现在的岗位。 (Doctor is his profession, while the post of Dean is his current position.)

Incorrect Verb Usage: Mistake: 我想做这个职务。 Correct: 我想担任这个职务。

他非常渴望担任这个领导职务。 (He is very eager to hold this leadership position.)

Finally, avoid using 职务 to refer to household chores or personal errands. Those are 务 (wù) in a different sense, but not 职务. For example, '家务' (jiāwù) is housework. You would never say your '职务' is cleaning the kitchen unless you are a professional cleaner in a formal institution.

To truly master 职务, you need to understand the family of related words that describe work and status in Chinese. Each word has a specific nuance that changes based on the context of the conversation.

职位 (zhíwèi): This is the closest synonym. 职位 focuses on the 'rank' or the 'position' within a hierarchy. Think of it as the 'slot' on an organizational chart. 职务, however, focuses more on the 'duties' and 'official capacity.' In many cases, they are interchangeable, but 职位 is more common in private sector job advertisements.

公司目前有三个经理职位空缺。 (The company currently has three manager positions vacant.)

职责 (zhízé): While 职务 is the 'post', 职责 is the 'responsibility' or 'duty' itself. 职务 is the noun for the position, while 职责 is the noun for what you are responsible for. Example: 保护环境是每个公民的职责。

他的职责包括管理团队和制定预算。 (His responsibilities include managing the team and creating budgets.)

职称 (zhíchēng): This specifically refers to professional titles like 'Senior Engineer' or 'Associate Professor.' It represents one's professional level or technical qualification, which is different from their administrative 职务 (like 'Dean').

他的职称是高级会计师。 (His professional title is Senior Accountant.)

岗位 (gǎngwèi): This term is often used in the context of a 'post' or 'station,' particularly in manufacturing or service industries. It feels more practical and grounded than the formal 职务. You might say '坚守岗位' (staying at one's post/station).

他在生产线上的岗位非常关键。 (His post on the production line is very critical.)

头衔 (tóuxián): This means 'title' in a more general or sometimes honorific sense. It can include honorary titles that don't necessarily come with specific 职务 (duties).

他拥有很多荣誉头衔。 (He holds many honorary titles.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

In ancient China, 职务 was strictly tied to the imperial examination system; your '职务' determined your rank, your clothing, and even the size of your house.

Guide de prononciation

UK /dʒiː⁵⁵ u⁴⁴/

US /dʒiː⁵⁵ u⁴⁴/

The emphasis is usually balanced, but the fourth tone on 'wù' makes it sound more forceful.

Rime avec

服务 (fúwù) 任务 (rènwù) 家务 (jiāwù) 义务 (yìwù) 事务 (shìwù) 税务 (shuìwù) 法务 (fǎwù) 财务 (cáiwù)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'zh' as 'z' (not curling the tongue).
Failing to distinguish between the rising 2nd tone and falling 4th tone.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

The characters are common but formal. Easy to recognize in context.

Écriture 4/5

Writing '职' can be tricky for beginners due to the number of strokes.

Expression orale 3/5

Simple two-syllable word, but requires correct tones.

Écoute 3/5

Common in news and formal dialogue.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

工作 (work) 公司 (company) 经理 (manager) 老师 (teacher) 做 (do)

Apprends ensuite

职责 (responsibility) 职位 (position) 职称 (title) 任命 (appoint) 罢免 (dismiss)

Avancé

官僚主义 (bureaucracy) 职权范围 (scope of authority) 职务侵占 (embezzlement)

Grammaire à connaître

Using 担任 (dānrèn) with 职务

他在公司担任经理职务。

Using 履行 (lǚxíng) for performing duties

他认真履行职务。

Passive voice with 免去 (miǎnqù)

他被免去了职务。

Possessive '的' with 职务

他的职务是秘书。

Noun compounds with 职务

职务犯罪是一种严重的违法行为。

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Exemples par niveau

他在公司有一个很好的职务。

He has a very good position in the company.

职务 is used here as a simple noun.

你的职务是什么？

What is your position?

A common question for beginners.

我的职务是老师。

My position is teacher.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

这个职务不难。

This position is not difficult.

职务 is the subject.

她想找一个新的职务。

She wants to find a new position.

Modified by '一个新的'.

他的职务很有趣。

His position is very interesting.

Adjective describing the noun.

我喜欢我的职务。

I like my position.

Simple emotional expression.

这是一个重要的职务。

This is an important position.

Modified by '重要的'.

他在银行担任经理职务。

He holds the position of manager in the bank.

Uses the formal verb 担任.

请在这里写下你的职务。

Please write down your position here.

Instructional sentence.

他辞去了在学校的职务。

He resigned from his position at the school.

Uses the verb 辞去.

这个职务需要很多经验。

This position requires a lot of experience.

Uses the verb 需要.

她的职务发生了变动。

Her position has changed.

Uses the noun 变动.

公司提升了他的职务。

The company promoted his position.

Uses the verb 提升.

他在履行职务时很认真。

He is very serious when performing his duties.

Uses the phrase 履行职务.

这个职务的工资很高。

The salary for this position is very high.

Possessive structure with 工资.

为了履行职务，他必须经常出差。

In order to perform his duties, he must travel frequently.

Purpose clause using 为了.

他被免去了董事长的职务。

He was removed from the position of chairman.

Passive voice using 被 and 免去.

这项职务要求申请人有法律背景。

This position requires applicants to have a legal background.

Specific requirement structure.

他在职务范围内行使权力。

He exercises power within the scope of his duties.

Uses the phrase 职务范围.

他因为滥用职务被公司开除了。

He was fired by the company for abusing his position.

Cause and effect with 因为.

他的职务描述非常详细。

His job description is very detailed.

Uses the term 职务描述.

在履行职务的过程中，他遇到了困难。

In the process of performing his duties, he encountered difficulties.

Temporal phrase '在...的过程中'.

他希望在职务上有所晋升。

He hopes to get a promotion in his position.

Uses the noun 晋升.

该官员因涉嫌职务犯罪被调查。

The official is being investigated for suspected occupational crime.

Legal term 职务犯罪.

他不仅有行政职务，还有学术职称。

He has not only administrative duties but also academic titles.

Contrast between 职务 and 职称.

履行职务是公职人员的基本义务。

Performing duties is a basic obligation of public officials.

Subject is a gerund-like phrase.

这超出了他的职务权限。

This exceeds his official authority.

Uses the term 职务权限.

他在任职期间，职务工资有所增加。

During his tenure, his position-based salary increased.

Uses the term 职务工资.

公司对他进行了职务培训。

The company provided him with job training.

Uses the term 职务培训.

他以职务之便获取了私人利益。

He used his position for personal gain.

Idiomatic phrase 职务之便.

撤销其职务的决定由委员会做出。

The decision to revoke his position was made by the committee.

Passive structure with 由.

职务的变迁反映了社会结构的调整。

The change in positions reflects adjustments in the social structure.

Abstract sociological observation.

他在履行职务时必须保持中立。

He must remain neutral when performing his duties.

Focus on professional ethics.

该项法律明确了职务侵占罪的处罚标准。

This law clarifies the punishment standards for the crime of occupational embezzlement.

Precise legal terminology.

职务行为与个人行为应当严格区分。

Official acts and personal acts should be strictly distinguished.

Conceptual distinction.

他在职务上的成就得到了广泛认可。

His achievements in his position have been widely recognized.

Focus on professional reputation.

职务的授予必须遵循公开、公平的原则。

The granting of positions must follow the principles of openness and fairness.

Administrative principle.

他对自己职务的深刻理解使他脱颖而出。

His profound understanding of his position made him stand out.

Focus on individual competence.

职务津贴是根据岗位责任的大小来确定的。

The position allowance is determined by the level of responsibility of the post.

Explanation of compensation logic.

职务的伦理维度在现代治理中愈发凸显。

The ethical dimension of official positions is becoming increasingly prominent in modern governance.

High-level academic discourse.

他的一生都在为捍卫职务的尊严而奋斗。

He spent his whole life fighting to defend the dignity of his office.

Literary and philosophical tone.

职务权力的行使应当受到法律的严格约束。

The exercise of official power should be strictly constrained by law.

Constitutional/legal principle.

职务的异化可能导致官僚主义的滋生。

The alienation of official positions may lead to the growth of bureaucracy.

Sociological critique.

他在职务交接过程中表现出了极高的专业素养。

He demonstrated extremely high professional quality during the process of handing over his position.

Focus on professional transition.

职务与职责的背离是机构臃肿的征兆。

The deviation between position and responsibility is a sign of institutional bloat.

Organizational analysis.

该项政策旨在优化职务结构，提高行政效率。

This policy aims to optimize the position structure and improve administrative efficiency.

Policy objective language.

他对职务的敬畏之心赢得了同事的尊重。

His sense of awe towards his position won the respect of his colleagues.

Focus on personal character and values.

Collocations courantes

担任职务

履行职务

职务变动

职务犯罪

撤销职务

辞去职务

职务描述

职务津贴

职务权限

职务晋升

Phrases Courantes

职务之便

— Using the convenience or power of one's position for personal gain.

他利用职务之便收受贿赂。

履行职务

— To carry out or perform the duties of one's post.

他在履行职务时非常尽责。

职务侵占

— Illegal appropriation of company property using one's position.

他因职务侵占罪被起诉。

职务变动

— A change in one's official position or title.

由于职务变动，他搬到了北京。

公职职务

— A position held in a public or government office.

他担任重要的公职职务。

临时职务

— A temporary post or position.

这只是一个临时职务。

兼任职务

— To hold a secondary position concurrently.

他还兼任财务总监的职务。

终身职务

— A position held for life.

在某些国家，法官是终身职务。

职务范围

— The scope or boundaries of one's official duties.

这不在我的职务范围之内。

高级职务

— A high-ranking or senior position.

他在这家公司担任高级职务。

Souvent confondu avec

职务 vs 职位 (zhíwèi)

职位 focuses on the 'rank' or 'slot', while 职务 focuses on 'duties' and 'official capacity'.

职务 vs 职责 (zhízé)

职责 refers to the specific 'responsibilities' or 'tasks' one must do.

职务 vs 职业 (zhíyè)

职业 refers to one's lifelong 'profession' or 'career' (e.g., doctor, lawyer).

Expressions idiomatiques

"克尽职守"

— To fulfill one's duties to the utmost.

他多年来克尽职守，深受好评。

Formal

"尽职尽责"

— To be very responsible and dedicated in one's work.

他在岗位上尽职尽责。

Neutral

"玩忽职守"

— To neglect one's official duties.

他因玩忽职守造成了巨大损失。

Formal

"忠于职守"

— To be loyal and faithful to one's duties.

战士们忠于职守，保卫边疆。

Formal

"各司其职"

— Each person performs their own specific duties.

大家各司其职，工作效率很高。

Neutral

"滥用职权"

— To abuse one's official power.

法律绝不容许滥用职权。

Formal

"职权范围"

— The scope of one's official power and authority.

这超出了他的职权范围。

Formal

"位高权重"

— Holding a high position with great power.

他位高权重，但为人谦虚。

Literary

"因公殉职"

— To die while performing one's official duties.

这位警察不幸因公殉职。

Formal

"身兼数职"

— To hold several positions simultaneously.

他身兼数职，非常忙碌。

Neutral

Facile à confondre

职务 vs 职位

Both mean 'position'.

职位 is more common in job ads and private companies; 职务 is more formal/administrative.

这个职位很适合你。

职务 vs 职责

Both involve work duties.

职责 is what you ARE responsible for; 职务 is the post you HOLD.

我的职责是照顾病人。

职务 vs 职称

Both are workplace titles.

职称 is a technical/professional qualification; 职务 is an administrative role.

他的职称是教授。

职务 vs 职业

Both relate to jobs.

职业 is the field of work; 职务 is the specific title within a company.

我的职业是教师，职务是校长。

职务 vs 岗位

Both mean 'post'.

岗位 is more physical or practical (work station); 职务 is more abstract and formal.

他在安检岗位工作。

Structures de phrases

我的职务是 [Title]。

我的职务是会计。

他在 [Organization] 担任 [Title] 职务。

他在银行担任经理职务。

为了 [Purpose]，他必须履行他的职务。

为了保护公司，他必须履行他的职务。

他因为 [Reason] 被免去了职务。

他因为生病被免去了职务业务。

在履行职务的过程中，[Result]。

在履行职务的过程中，他学到了很多。

这属于 [Type] 职务犯罪。

这属于典型的职务犯罪。

[Subject] 应当严格区分职务行为与个人行为。

官员应当严格区分职务行为与个人行为。

职务的异化是 [Problem] 的根源。

职务的异化是腐败滋生的根源。

Famille de mots

Noms

职位 (zhíwèi)

职责 (zhízé)

职称 (zhíchēng)

职能 (zhínéng)

职业 (zhíyè)

Verbes

任职 (rènzhí)

辞职 (cízhí)

离职 (lízhí)

入职 (rùzhí)

复职 (fùzhí)

Adjectifs

职业的 (zhíyè de)

职能的 (zhínéng de)

Apparenté

工作 (gōngzuò)

事业 (shìyè)

岗位 (gǎngwèi)

权责 (quánzé)

地位 (dìwèi)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in professional and news contexts.

Erreurs courantes

我今天的职务很忙。 → 我今天的工作很忙。
职务 refers to a position, not the daily workload. Use 工作 for 'work'.
他职务了经理。 → 他担任了经理职务。
职务 is a noun, not a verb. You need a verb like 担任.
我的职务是医生。 → 我的职业是医生。
'Doctor' is a profession (职业), not a specific post (职务) in an organization.
他在履行职务时玩手机。 → 他在工作时玩手机。
'履行职务' is very formal; using it for 'slacking off' sounds strange unless in a legal report.
公司有很多职务空缺。 → 公司有很多职位空缺。
For 'vacant positions', 职位 is more natural as it refers to the 'slots' available.

Astuces

Form Filling

When filling out a Chinese form, if you see '职务', write your official title (e.g., Manager, Assistant).

Formal Verbs

Learn 担任, 履行, and 辞去 to use with 职务. These pairs are very common.

Addressing People

In China, it is polite to call someone by their 职务 (e.g., 'Wang Manager') instead of their name.

No Classifiers?

Unlike 'job' (一份工作), 职务 is often used without a classifier in formal contexts.

Interviews

In a job interview, using the word 职务 instead of 工作 will make you sound more professional and competent.

Official Duties

If you are talking about legal responsibilities, use 履行职务 (performing duties).

Networking

When introducing your boss, say '这是我们的... (职务)' to show appropriate respect.

Titles

For university positions like 'Dean' or 'Head of Department', 职务 is the correct term.

Media Literacy

When watching news, look for 职务 to identify who is being discussed and what their rank is.

Don't Mix with 职业

Remember: 职业 is what you ARE (doctor), 职务 is what you DO (Head Surgeon).

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of '职' (zhí) as 'Job' and '务' (wù) as 'Work'. Together they make your 'Job Work' or your specific position.

Association visuelle

Imagine a business card with a person's name and then the word 职务 followed by 'Manager'.

Word Web

Position Duty Post Title Responsibility Office Rank Authority

Défi

Try to list five different 职务 in a hospital (e.g., 院长, 医生, 护士, 会计, 保安).

Origine du mot

The word is composed of two ancient characters. '职' (zhí) originally referred to recording or listening to official matters, later evolving to mean an official post. '务' (wù) originally meant to exert effort or attend to affairs.

Sens originel : Official business or the duties of an office holder.

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic).

Contexte culturel

When asking someone's 职务, be polite as it can be a sensitive topic if someone has recently lost their job or has a low-ranking position.

In English, we often use 'position' or 'title'. 'Duties' is a secondary meaning. '职务' covers both the title and the responsibilities.

The 'Civil Service System' (公务员制度) in China. Classical literature like 'The Scholars' (儒林外史). Modern business dramas like 'Ideal City' (理想之城).

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Job Application

填写职务 (fill in position)
以往职务 (previous positions)
申请职务 (apply for position)
职务要求 (position requirements)

Government News

免去职务 (removed from post)
担任要职 (hold an important post)
职务变动 (personnel change)
履行公职 (perform public duties)

Legal Proceedings

职务犯罪 (occupational crime)
职务侵占 (embezzlement)
执行职务 (executing duties)
职务过失 (professional negligence)

Company Meetings

职务描述 (job description)
职务晋升 (promotion)
职务权限 (authority)
汇报职务 (report on duties)

Social Introductions

介绍职务 (introduce position)
交换名片 (exchange business cards)
称呼职务 (address by title)
询问职务 (ask about position)

Amorces de conversation

"您在贵公司担任什么职务？"

"您对目前的职务满意吗？"

"在您的职务中，最具挑战性的部分是什么？"

"您是如何获得现在的职务的？"

"您未来的职务晋升计划是什么？"

Sujets d'écriture

描述一下你理想中的职务。

在履行职务的过程中，你学到了什么？

如果你可以改变你的职务描述，你会增加或删除什么？

谈谈你对‘职务之便’的看法。

记录一次你获得职务晋升的经历。

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

工作 (gōngzuò) is a general term for 'work' or 'job'. 职务 (zhíwù) is a formal term for your 'official post' or 'position'. You 'do' 工作, but you 'hold' a 职务.

It is better to use 工作 or 职位 in casual talk. 职务 sounds quite formal and is mostly used in business, news, or legal contexts.

It is strictly a noun. You cannot say 'I am 职务ing'. You must say 'I 担任 (hold) a 职务'.

The most common term is 职务描述 (zhíwù miáoshù) or 职位描述 (zhíwèi miáoshù).

It means 'taking advantage of one's position'. It is often used in negative contexts like corruption or embezzlement.

Use 担任 (dānrèn) when you want to say someone holds or occupies a specific position. It is the standard formal verb for this.

Both are used, but 职务 is slightly more formal and is very common on official government or academic forms.

Yes, 职务 implies both the title and the set of responsibilities that come with it.

The most formal way is 辞去职务 (cíqù zhíwù).

No, 职务 only refers to professional, official, or administrative positions.

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