A1 Particles 15 min read Facile

Dire 'Et' et 'Avec' (Oral)

Utilise «하고» collé directement à un nom pour dire et ou avec dans tes conversations quotidiennes.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -하고 or -랑/이랑 to connect nouns or express 'with' in casual Korean conversation.

  • Use -하고 for a neutral 'and' between nouns: 사과하고 배 (apples and pears).
  • Use -랑 after vowels and -이랑 after consonants for 'with' or 'and': 친구랑 (with a friend).
  • These particles are primarily for connecting nouns, not full sentences.
Noun1 + (과/와/하고/랑/이랑) + Noun2

Overview

Vous êtes-vous déjà retrouvé au resto coréen, pointant du doigt le barbecue, sans savoir comment ajouter et du riz à votre commande ? Vous avez probablement bafouillé "Ça... ça...
s'il vous plaît." On est tous passés par là. La particule 하고 (hago) est votre pont entre les noms. C'est le scotch des phrases coréennes, connectant instantanément
pizza et bière
ou toi et moi.
C'est l'un des motifs les plus fréquents à l'oral, utilisé pour lister des objets ou dire qu'on fait quelque chose avec quelqu'un. Contrairement au français où et est un mot à part, 하고 se colle directement au nom comme un suffixe. Maîtrisez ça, et vos phrases hachées deviendront fluides.

How This Grammar Works

Cette règle est géniale car elle n'a aucune exception de conjugaison. Voyelles, consonnes, peu importe. Elle ne change jamais de forme.
La Règle d'Or :
Nom + 하고 + Nom
  1. 1Prenez le Nom A : 커피 (café)
  2. 2Attachez 하고 directement (sans espace) : 커피하고
  3. 3Ajoutez le Nom B : (pain)
  4. 4Résultat : 커피하고 빵 (Café et pain)
Ça marche pareil pour les gens pour dire avec :
  • 친구 (ami) + 하고 = 친구하고 (Avec un ami / Ami et...)

Tone & Nuance

Le coréen a plusieurs et, classés par formalité. 하고 est confortablement au milieu.
  • C'est plus oral qu'écrit.
  • Ça marche aux niveaux Poli (-요) et Informel (-아/어).
  • C'est amical sans être trop familier.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

  • 와/과: Le Et Pro. Pour les actus et l'écrit formel.
  • (이)랑: Le Et des Potes. Très familier.
  • 하고: Le Et Sûr. Passe partout à l'oral.
  • 그리고: Connecte des phrases entières (J'ai mangé et dormi).

Real Conversations

Scénario 1 : Au café

Barista : Vous avez choisi ?

Vous : 아메리카노하고 치즈 케이크 주세요. (Un americano et un cheesecake, s'il vous plaît.)

Common Mistakes

1. Le piège des verbes
N'utilisez pas 하고 pour lier des verbes. Utilisez -고.
2. L'espace interdit
하고 doit toucher le premier mot. Pas d'espace avant !

Common Collocations

  • 나하고 너 (Toi et moi)
  • 이거하고 저거 (Ceci et cela)

Quick FAQ

Q : Je peux l'utiliser pour "Je suis rentré et j'ai dormi" ?

R: Non ! 하고 est réservé aux noms. Pour les actions, il faut -고.

Noun Connection Particles

Particle Usage Condition Example
하고
And
Any Noun
사과하고 배
And/With
Vowel ending
사과랑
이랑
And/With
Consonant ending
책이랑

Meanings

These particles function as connectors between nouns, meaning 'and' or 'with' depending on the context.

1

Noun Conjunction

Connecting two nouns to mean 'and'.

“책하고 펜이 있어요.”

“엄마랑 아빠가 와요.”

2

Comitative

Indicating accompaniment, meaning 'with'.

“친구랑 영화를 봐요.”

“선생님이랑 이야기해요.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Dire 'Et' et 'Avec' (Oral)
Usage Structure Exemple Traduction
Lister des objets
Nom + 하고 + Nom
빵하고 우유
Du pain et du lait
"Avec" quelqu'un
Personne + 하고
친구하고 갔어요
Je suis allé avec un ami
Terminaison Voyelle
Pas de changement
사과하고
Une pomme et...
Terminaison Consonne
Pas de changement
수박하고
Une pastèque et...
Emphasis
Nom + 하고 + 같이
엄마하고 같이
Ensemble avec maman

Spectre de formalité

Formel
친구와 식사합니다.

친구와 식사합니다. (Dining)

Neutre
친구하고 식사해요.

친구하고 식사해요. (Dining)

Informel
친구랑 밥 먹어.

친구랑 밥 먹어. (Dining)

Argot
친구랑 밥 먹음.

친구랑 밥 먹음. (Dining)

Les trois visages de 'Et'

Signifie 'ET'

Formel / Écrit

  • 와 / 과 Infos, Livres

Oral Standard

  • 하고 Vie quotidienne

Très décontracté

  • (이)랑 Amis proches

Règles d'espacement : Français vs Coréen

Style Français
A et B Mots séparés
Style Coréen
A하고 B Collé à A

Puis-je utiliser 'HAGO' ?

1

Connectes-tu des noms ?

YES
Continue
NO
STOP ! Utilise -고 (verbes)
2

Est-ce un rapport formel ?

YES
Utilise 와/과
NO
Utilise 하고 !

Quand utiliser 'HAGO'

🍔

Commandes

  • Burger + Coca
  • Pizza + Pâtes
🤝

Relations

  • Moi + Toi
  • Ami + Prof
bag

Listes

  • Tél + Clés
  • Billet + Passeport

Exemples par niveau

1

사과하고 배.

Apple and pear.

2

친구랑 가요.

I go with a friend.

3

책이랑 펜.

Book and pen.

4

엄마하고 나.

Mom and me.

1

커피랑 우유를 섞어요.

Mix coffee and milk.

2

누구랑 먹어요?

Who are you eating with?

3

가방하고 지갑.

Bag and wallet.

4

동생이랑 놀아요.

I play with my younger sibling.

1

선생님하고 상담했어요.

I had a consultation with the teacher.

2

어제 친구들이랑 파티했어요.

I had a party with friends yesterday.

3

이거랑 저거 주세요.

Please give me this and that.

4

한국어하고 영어를 공부해요.

I study Korean and English.

1

그분하고는 의견이 달라요.

My opinion is different from that person's.

2

가족이랑 시간을 보내는 게 중요해요.

It is important to spend time with family.

3

계획하고 실행은 달라요.

Planning and execution are different.

4

팀원들이랑 협력해야 합니다.

I must cooperate with team members.

1

그와는 예전부터 알고 지냈어요.

I have known him for a long time.

2

이론하고 실제는 괴리가 있죠.

There is a gap between theory and practice.

3

동료랑 갈등이 생겼어요.

I had a conflict with a colleague.

4

전통하고 현대의 조화.

Harmony of tradition and modernity.

1

그녀하고의 인연은 깊습니다.

My connection with her is deep.

2

과거랑 현재를 비교해 봅시다.

Let's compare the past and the present.

3

자연이랑 더불어 살아요.

I live in harmony with nature.

4

이상하고 현실 사이에서.

Between the ideal and the reality.

Facile à confondre

Saying 'And' & 'With' (Casual) vs 과/와 vs 하고

Both mean 'and'.

Saying 'And' & 'With' (Casual) vs 에 vs 랑

Both used with people/places.

Saying 'And' & 'With' (Casual) vs -고 vs -하고

Both sound similar.

Erreurs courantes

먹고랑

먹고

Cannot use noun particles on verbs.

책랑

책이랑

Consonant needs 이.

사과이랑

사과랑

Vowel doesn't need 이.

하고 가요

친구하고 가요

Need a noun before the particle.

학교랑 가요

학교에 가요

Use -에 for location, not -랑.

하고 먹어요

같이 먹어요

Need a noun before 하고.

사과랑 배랑

사과랑 배

Only one particle needed.

그거랑은 달라요

그것과는 달라요

Formal context requires -과/와.

밥하고 먹어요

밥이랑 먹어요

Contextual nuance.

친구하고 친구하고

친구들이랑

Redundancy.

이론이랑 실제

이론과 실제

Academic register mismatch.

그랑 같이

그와 함께

Formal register.

자연하고의

자연과의

Formal particle usage.

그녀랑의 만남

그녀와의 만남

Formal register.

Structures de phrases

___하고 ___를 먹어요.

___랑 같이 가요.

___이랑 ___은 달라요.

___하고 ___의 조화.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

친구랑 밥 먹자!

Ordering food very common

김치찌개하고 밥 주세요.

Social media common

오늘 친구랑 카페 감.

Travel common

엄마랑 여행 가요.

Workplace occasional

팀원들이랑 회의했어요.

Shopping common

이거랑 저거 주세요.

💡

Le Velcro Magique

Imagine que 하고 est un morceau de velcro collé au dos du premier mot. Il ne peut pas flotter tout seul ; il DOIT toucher le mot juste avant lui : «사과하고 배.»
⚠️

Zone réservée aux noms

N'utilise jamais ça avec des verbes ! 하고 est allergique aux actions. Il ne touche que les objets, les lieux ou les gens : «빵하고 우유.»
💬

Le Caméléon Social

Si tu ne sais pas si tu dois être formel ou décontracté, 하고 est ton meilleur ami. Il ne vexe personne : «선생님하고 이야기해요.»
🎯

Ajoute 'Ensemble'

Pour dire 'avec' de façon encore plus naturelle, ajoute 같이 (gachi) juste après : «친구하고 같이 갔어요.»

Smart Tips

Use -하고 for a neutral tone.

사과 배 사과하고 배

Use -랑/이랑 to sound natural.

친구와 가요 친구랑 가요

Avoid -랑/이랑.

책이랑 펜은... 책과 펜은...

If it ends in a consonant, add '이'.

책랑 책이랑

Prononciation

ra-ngi-rang

Linking

The 'ng' sound at the end of -랑/이랑 often links to the next vowel.

Rising

친구랑? ↑

Questioning who you are with.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of '랑' as 'long' (a long time with a friend).

Association visuelle

Imagine a bridge connecting two islands. One side is '하고', the other is '랑/이랑'.

Rhyme

Vowel ends in 랑, consonant needs 이랑.

Story

I went to the store with my friend (친구랑). We bought bread and milk (빵이랑 우유). We ate them together (하고).

Word Web

친구사과엄마영화커피

Défi

Write 3 sentences about what you ate today using these particles.

Notes culturelles

Using -랑/이랑 shows closeness. It is very common among friends.

The standard usage is very common in Seoul.

They might use -하고 more frequently in certain contexts.

These particles evolved from older Korean noun-connecting structures.

Amorces de conversation

누구랑 왔어요?

뭐랑 뭐를 좋아해요?

친구랑 자주 만나요?

이론하고 실제 중 뭐가 중요해요?

Sujets d'écriture

오늘 누구랑 무엇을 했나요?
좋아하는 음식 두 가지를 소개하세요.
가족과 함께한 추억을 쓰세요.
일과 삶의 균형에 대해 쓰세요.

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Quelle est la bonne écriture pour 'Eau et Café' ? Choix multiple

Choisis la bonne option :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 물하고 커피
Il ne doit y avoir AUCUN espace entre le premier nom et 하고.
Associe la phrase coréenne à son sens. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
하고 peut signifier 'et' (liste) ou 'avec' (accompagnement).
Trouve l'erreur dans cette phrase. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

숙제 하고 자요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 숙제하고 자요.
La particule 하고 doit être collée directement à 숙제 (devoirs) sans espace.

Score: /3

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

사과___ 배

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하고
하고 is used for noun connection.
Choose the correct particle. Choix multiple

친구___ 가요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
랑 means 'with'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

책랑 펜

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 책이랑 펜
Consonant needs 이랑.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

엄마 / 가요 / 랑

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 엄마랑 가요
Particle attaches to the noun.
Match the particle to its function. Match Pairs

하고

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: And
하고 is a conjunctive particle.
Which is correct? Choix multiple

우유___ 빵

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
우유 ends in a vowel.
Fill in the blank.

밥___ 국

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이랑
밥 ends in a consonant.
Change to formal. Sentence Transformation

친구랑 가요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 친구와 갑니다
Formal uses 와.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Choisis l'option la plus naturelle à l'oral. Choix multiple

Que dirais-tu à un ami ? 'Achète du lait et du pain.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 우유하고 빵 사.
Remplis le vide avec la bonne particule. Texte trous

여권___ 비행기 표 주세요. (Passeport et billet d'avion, s'il vous plaît.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하고
Remets les mots dans l'ordre pour faire une phrase. Sentence Reorder

film / j'ai regardé / et / popcorn / un

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 팝콘하고 영화를 봤어요
Identifie l'erreur. Error Correction

가다하고 오다 (Aller et venir)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가고 오다
Traduis 'Moi et maman'. Traduction

Comment dire 'Moi et maman' poliment ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저하고 엄마
Associe la particule à sa nuance. Match Pairs

Associe l'ambiance :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Quelle phrase signifie 'J'ai étudié avec un ami' ? Choix multiple

Choisis la bonne traduction :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 친구하고 공부했어요.
Complète la commande. Texte trous

삼겹살___ 소주 주세요. (Poitrine de porc et soju s'il vous plaît.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하고
Corrige l'espacement. Error Correction

형 하고 누나 (Grand frère et grande sœur)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 형하고 누나
Mets les mots dans l'ordre. Sentence Reorder

chat / chien / et / aimer / j'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 고양이하고 강아지를 좋아해요
Peux-tu utiliser '하고' ici ? Choix multiple

Contexte : Connecter deux phrases 'Il fait beau ET je suis heureux.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Non, utilise -고
Traduis 'Stylo et Papier'. Traduction

Traduis en coréen :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 펜하고 종이

Score: /12

FAQ (8)

No, use -고 for verbs.

No, it is casual.

Use -이랑.

Yes, but it sounds formal.

Mostly, but -랑/이랑 is more casual.

No, just once between nouns.

Use -과/와 instead.

Use -랑/이랑.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

y / con

Korean particles are suffixes, Spanish words are independent.

French partial

et / avec

Korean particles are attached to the noun.

German partial

und / mit

Korean particles are attached to the noun.

Japanese high

to / to

Korean has more variety in particles.

Arabic partial

wa / ma'a

Arabic uses prefixes/independent words.

Chinese partial

he / gen

Chinese uses independent words.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
Pas encore de commentaires. Soyez le premier à partager vos idées !