自尊 en 30 secondes
- Self-esteem and self-respect.
- How much you value yourself.
- A feeling of personal worth and dignity.
- Important for confidence and well-being.
- Core Meaning
- '自尊' (zìzūn) refers to a person's sense of their own worth and dignity. It's about how much you value and respect yourself. It's an internal feeling that influences how you behave and how you expect others to treat you. When someone has high '自尊', they are confident and believe in their own abilities and worth. Conversely, low '自尊' can lead to feelings of inadequacy and a lack of confidence.
- When to Use It
- You'll hear '自尊' used in many situations. It's common in discussions about personal development, psychology, and education. For example, parents might talk about fostering '自尊' in their children. In social contexts, it can describe why someone behaves a certain way; for instance, someone might refuse a demeaning offer to protect their '自尊'. It's also relevant in professional settings, where maintaining one's '自尊' can be important when dealing with difficult colleagues or situations. In literature and film, characters' struggles with their '自尊' are often central to the plot. It's a fundamental aspect of human psychology and is frequently discussed when analyzing character motivations and personal growth. People often use it to explain why they or others act with pride or dignity, or conversely, why they might feel hurt or offended by a lack of respect. The concept is deeply embedded in how individuals perceive themselves and their place in the world.
- Nuances
- '自尊' is not about arrogance or conceit, which are negative traits. True '自尊' is a healthy appreciation of oneself, acknowledging strengths and weaknesses without undue pride or self-deprecation. It's about having a solid sense of self-worth that is not easily shaken by external criticism or setbacks. It's a quiet confidence, a solid foundation upon which a person builds their life and interactions with others. It allows individuals to set boundaries, pursue their goals, and maintain their integrity even in challenging circumstances. It's a vital component of mental well-being and contributes significantly to overall happiness and life satisfaction. Understanding '自尊' is key to understanding many human behaviors and motivations.
She refused the job offer because it would hurt her 自尊.
Parents should help children build their 自尊.
- Expressing Self-Worth
- '自尊' is often used in sentences discussing personal value and dignity. For instance, someone might say, '我需要保护我的自尊' (Wǒ xūyào bǎohù wǒ de zìzūn - I need to protect my self-esteem). This indicates a situation where their sense of self-worth might be threatened. Another common expression is '他很有自尊' (Tā hěn yǒu zìzūn - He has a lot of self-esteem), implying he is confident and values himself highly. When someone is criticized unfairly, they might react by saying, '这伤害了我的自尊' (Zhè shānghài le wǒ de zìzūn - This hurt my self-esteem). This shows how '自尊' can be affected by external actions.
- In Social and Professional Contexts
- The word is also prevalent when discussing social interactions and professional conduct. For example, '为了自尊，他拒绝了那个不公平的提议' (Wèile zìzūn, tā jùjué le nàge bù gōngpíng de tíyì - For the sake of self-esteem, he refused that unfair offer). This highlights how '自尊' can guide decisions. In a group setting, someone might assert themselves by saying, '我不能让别人看不起我，我必须维护我的自尊' (Wǒ bù néng ràng biérén kàn bu qǐ wǒ, wǒ bìxū wéihù wǒ de zìzūn - I can't let others look down on me, I must maintain my self-esteem). This emphasizes the active effort required to preserve one's dignity. When discussing relationships, one might advise, '在任何关系中，都应该尊重对方的自尊' (Zài rènhé guānxì zhōng, dōu yīnggāi zūnzhòng duìfāng de zìzūn - In any relationship, one should respect the other person's self-esteem). This points to the importance of empathy and respect in interpersonal dynamics. The concept is also used in educational advice, such as '老师应该鼓励学生培养健康的自尊' (Lǎoshī yīnggāi gǔlì xuéshēng péiyǎng jiànkāng de zìzūn - Teachers should encourage students to cultivate healthy self-esteem), underscoring its role in personal development.
- More Examples
- '他因为被公开批评而感到自尊受损' (Tā yīnwèi bèi gōngkāi pīpíng ér gǎndào zìzūn shòusǔn - He felt his self-esteem was damaged due to public criticism). '一个人的自尊是无法用金钱衡量的' (Yīgè rén de zìzūn shì wúfǎ yòng jīnqián héngliáng de - A person's self-esteem cannot be measured by money). '她总是努力维护自己的自尊，不轻易向困难低头' (Tā zǒng shì nǔlì wéihù zìjǐ de zìzūn, bù qīngyì xiàng kùnnán dītóu - She always strives to maintain her self-esteem, not easily bowing to difficulties). '我们需要教导孩子们如何建立积极的自尊' (Wǒmen xūyào jiàodǎo háizimen rúhé jiànlì jījí de zìzūn - We need to teach children how to build positive self-esteem).
Protecting one's 自尊 is important.
He has high 自尊.
- Psychology and Self-Help
- You'll frequently encounter '自尊' in discussions about mental health, psychology, and self-improvement. Therapists, counselors, and self-help authors often use it when talking about building confidence, overcoming insecurities, and fostering a positive self-image. For example, a book on overcoming shyness might have a chapter titled '如何建立你的自尊' (How to Build Your Self-Esteem). Online articles and forums dedicated to personal growth will also frequently use this term. You might hear parents discussing how to nurture their children's '自尊' to help them face life's challenges. It's a core concept in understanding emotional well-being and resilience.
- Education and Parenting
- In educational settings, particularly when discussing child development, '自尊' is a key term. Teachers and educators aim to create environments where students feel valued and respected, thereby fostering their '自尊'. You might hear discussions about how certain teaching methods can either boost or damage a student's '自尊'. Parenting advice often emphasizes the importance of encouraging children and acknowledging their efforts to build their '自尊'. For instance, a parenting seminar might cover topics like '培养孩子的自尊心' (Cultivating a child's self-esteem). This is a crucial aspect of raising well-adjusted individuals.
- Social Commentary and Personal Narratives
- '自尊' is also used in broader social commentary and personal stories. When someone shares their experiences of overcoming adversity, they might mention how they held onto their '自尊' as a driving force. In discussions about social issues, it can be used to talk about the dignity of marginalized groups or the importance of respecting everyone's inherent worth. You might hear people saying things like, '他因为工作被侮辱而辞职，这是为了维护他的自尊' (He resigned because his work was insulted; this was to protect his self-esteem). This illustrates how '自尊' can be a powerful motivator for action. It's a concept that resonates deeply in personal narratives of resilience and self-respect.
- Literature and Media
- In Chinese literature, films, and television dramas, characters' struggles with their '自尊' are often central themes. A character might endure hardship but refuse to compromise their principles, driven by their '自尊'. Conversely, a character's downfall might be attributed to a damaged '自尊' leading to poor choices. News articles discussing public figures or social events might also mention the importance of maintaining '自尊' in public discourse. It's a word that signifies an intrinsic human need for dignity and self-regard, making it a common element in storytelling and media analysis.
The therapist helped her understand her low 自尊.
Parents are encouraged to build their children's 自尊.
He quit to protect his 自尊.
- Confusing with Arrogance
- A common mistake is to confuse '自尊' (zìzūn - self-esteem) with excessive pride or arrogance. While someone with high '自尊' is confident, they are not necessarily boastful or condescending. Arrogance, or '骄傲' (jiāo'ào), implies a sense of superiority over others, whereas '自尊' is an internal valuation of one's own worth. For example, saying '他很有自尊' (Tā hěn yǒu zìzūn) means he has a healthy sense of self-respect. Saying '他很骄傲' (Tā hěn jiāo'ào) could mean he is proud in a good way, but often implies he is arrogant or conceited. Learners might mistakenly use '自尊' to describe someone who is overly boastful, which is incorrect.
- Overuse or Misapplication
- Another pitfall is overusing '自尊' in contexts where it doesn't quite fit or using it too strongly. For instance, simply feeling slightly embarrassed is not necessarily a blow to one's '自尊'. '自尊' implies a more fundamental sense of self-worth being challenged. Someone might say, '我因为迟到而感到自尊受损' (Wǒ yīnwèi chídào ér gǎndào zìzūn shòusǔn - I felt my self-esteem was damaged because I was late). While lateness can be embarrassing, it might not always deeply affect one's core '自尊'. A more appropriate phrasing for mild embarrassment might be '我感到很不好意思' (Wǒ gǎndào hěn bù hǎoyìsi). Misapplying '自尊' can make the speaker sound overly sensitive or self-important.
- Ignoring Context
- Learners sometimes forget that '自尊' is a noun and needs to be used grammatically correctly. For example, they might try to use it as an adjective directly, like '他是一个自尊的人' (Tā shì yīgè zìzūn de rén). While understandable, a more natural phrasing would be '他是一个很有自尊心的人' (Tā shì yīgè hěn yǒu zìzūnxīn de rén - He is a person with high self-esteem) or '他很有自尊' (Tā hěn yǒu zìzūn). The '-心' (xīn - heart/mind) suffix is often added to form compound words related to inner feelings or attitudes, like '自尊心' (zìzūnxīn - self-esteem), which is a very common collocation.
- Confusing with Dignity/Face
- While '自尊' is related to dignity and 'face' (面子 - miànzi), it's not exactly the same. '面子' is more about social reputation and how one is perceived by others, while '自尊' is a more internal sense of self-worth. Sometimes, actions taken to save '面子' might also protect '自尊', but they are distinct concepts. For example, refusing a public apology that is insincere might be done to preserve both '面子' and '自尊'. However, one could lose '面子' (e.g., by making a social gaffe) without necessarily feeling a deep blow to their '自尊'. Learners might incorrectly equate any concern for reputation with '自尊'.
Incorrect: He is very 自尊.
Correct: He has a lot of 自尊.
- 自尊心 (zìzūnxīn) vs. 自尊 (zìzūn)
- '自尊心' (zìzūnxīn) is a very common and almost interchangeable term for self-esteem. It literally means 'self-esteem heart/mind'. While '自尊' can be used more broadly to refer to self-respect or dignity, '自尊心' specifically denotes the psychological state or feeling of self-worth. In most everyday contexts, they can be used interchangeably. For example, '他很有自尊' (Tā hěn yǒu zìzūn) and '他很有自尊心' (Tā hěn yǒu zìzūnxīn) both mean 'He has a lot of self-esteem.' However, '自尊' can also refer to the act of respecting oneself, e.g., '我需要自尊' (Wǒ xūyào zìzūn - I need self-respect).
- 自信 (zìxìn) vs. 自尊 (zìzūn)
- '自信' (zìxìn) means confidence or self-confidence. It's about believing in one's abilities and prospects. While high '自尊' often leads to '自信', they are not the same. You can have '自信' in your skills for a specific task but still struggle with overall '自尊'. Conversely, someone might have high '自尊' but lack '自信' in a particular area. Example: '他有很强的自信，相信自己能完成这个项目' (Tā yǒu hěn qiáng de zìxìn, xiāngxìn zìjǐ néng wánchéng zhège xiàngmù - He has strong self-confidence, believing he can complete this project). This sentence focuses on his belief in his capability, not necessarily his inherent worth.
- 骄傲 (jiāo'ào) vs. 自尊 (zìzūn)
- As mentioned before, '骄傲' (jiāo'ào) means pride or arrogance. It can be positive (pride in achievement) or negative (conceit, haughtiness). '自尊' is purely about valuing oneself. Someone with '骄傲' might look down on others, while someone with '自尊' respects themselves and others. Example: '他对自己的成就感到骄傲' (Tā duì zìjǐ de chéngjiù gǎndào jiāo'ào - He feels proud of his achievements). This is a positive use. But '他太骄傲了' (Tā tài jiāo'ào le) usually means 'He is too arrogant.'
- 尊严 (zūnyán) vs. 自尊 (zìzūn)
- '尊严' (zūnyán) means dignity. It refers to the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect. '自尊' is one's *own* sense of that dignity. You can talk about a person's '尊严' being violated, which in turn affects their '自尊'. Example: '我们必须尊重每个人的尊严' (Wǒmen bìxū zūnzhòng měi gèrén de zūnyán - We must respect everyone's dignity). This is about outward respect for inherent worth, while '自尊' is the internal feeling of having that worth.
- 面子 (miànzi) vs. 自尊 (zìzūn)
- '面子' (miànzi) translates to 'face', referring to social standing, reputation, and prestige. While losing '面子' can certainly hurt one's '自尊', they are not identical. '面子' is heavily dependent on social perception, whereas '自尊' is more internal. One might act to save '面子' even if their '自尊' isn't deeply threatened, or vice versa. Example: '他为了面子，不愿意承认错误' (Tā wèile miànzi, bù yuànyì chéngrèn cuòwù - For the sake of face, he is unwilling to admit his mistake). This is about outward appearance, while '自尊' is about inner self-worth.
'自尊心' is a very common synonym for 自尊.
自信 is about believing in your abilities, while 自尊 is about your inherent worth.
How Formal Is It?
Le savais-tu ?
The concept of '自尊' (self-esteem) is closely tied to the broader cultural emphasis on maintaining '面子' (miànzi - face) in Chinese society. While '自尊' is an internal feeling of worth, '面子' relates to social reputation and how one is perceived by others. Actions that preserve '面子' often contribute to preserving '自尊', and vice versa. This interplay highlights the social dimension of self-worth in Chinese culture.
Guide de prononciation
- Pronouncing 'zi' as 'zee' or 'zai'. It should be a short 'tsi' sound.
- Pronouncing 'zun' with a short 'u' sound instead of the long 'oo' sound.
- Adding an unnecessary 'r' sound at the end.
- Incorrectly stressing the first syllable.
- Confusing the 'z' sound with a voiced 'z' as in 'zebra'.
Niveau de difficulté
The word '自尊' is common in everyday conversation and media. While its core meaning is straightforward, understanding its nuances and related concepts like '面子' and '尊严' requires some cultural and linguistic context. Advanced readings might use it in more abstract or psychological contexts.
Using '自尊' correctly in writing involves understanding its grammatical function as a noun and its common collocations. Learners might initially confuse it with adjectives or use it in place of more specific terms.
Pronunciation is generally manageable, but distinguishing it from similar-sounding words or using it appropriately in spontaneous conversation can be challenging. Learners might hesitate to use it if unsure of the context.
Recognizing '自尊' when spoken requires familiarity with its pronunciation. Its meaning is usually clear from context, but subtle distinctions from related words might be missed without careful attention.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Using '有' (yǒu) to indicate possession of abstract nouns like '自尊'.
他很有自尊。(He has a lot of self-esteem.)
Using verbs like '保护' (bǎohù), '维护' (wéihù), '伤害' (shānghài) with '自尊' as the object.
我们应该保护自己的自尊。(We should protect our self-esteem.)
Using '为' (wèi) or '为了' (wèile) to express purpose related to '自尊'.
为了自尊，他拒绝了。(For the sake of self-esteem, he refused.)
Forming compound nouns with '自尊' and suffixes like '-心' (xīn) or '-感' (gǎn).
她的自尊心很强。(Her self-esteem is very strong.)
Using adjectives to modify '自尊'.
建立健康的自尊。(Build healthy self-esteem.)
Exemples par niveau
你好吗？
How are you?
我很好。
I am very good.
谢谢你。
Thank you.
不客气。
You're welcome.
对不起。
Sorry.
没关系。
It's okay.
这是什么？
What is this?
那是书。
That is a book.
我需要一些帮助。
I need some help.
This sentence uses the verb '需要' (xūyào - to need) and the noun phrase '一些帮助' (yīxiē bāngzhù - some help).
请问，洗手间在哪里？
Excuse me, where is the restroom?
This is a polite way to ask for directions, using '请问' (qǐngwèn - excuse me) and '在哪里' (zài nǎlǐ - where is).
这个多少钱？
How much is this?
A common phrase for shopping, using '多少钱' (duōshao qián - how much money).
我不明白。
I don't understand.
A direct way to express lack of understanding.
你能再说一遍吗？
Can you say that again?
A useful phrase for clarifying communication.
我感到有点累。
I feel a bit tired.
Uses the verb '感到' (gǎndào - to feel) and the adjective '累' (lèi - tired).
我喜欢吃苹果。
I like to eat apples.
Simple sentence structure with verb '喜欢' (xǐhuan - to like) and verb '吃' (chī - to eat).
他正在学习中文。
He is studying Chinese.
Uses the aspect particle '正在' (zhèngzài) to indicate an ongoing action.
为了保护自己的自尊，他拒绝了那个不公平的提议。
To protect his own self-esteem, he refused that unfair offer.
Uses the phrase '为了...' (wèile - for the sake of) to indicate purpose, and the common collocation '自尊心' (zìzūnxīn) is implied here, but the word '自尊' is used directly.
她很有自尊，从不向别人乞求怜悯。
She has a lot of self-respect and never begs others for pity.
Describes a person's character using '有自尊' (yǒu zìzūn) and a negative clause '从不...' (cóng bù - never).
一个人的自尊是无法用金钱衡量的。
A person's self-esteem cannot be measured by money.
Uses the passive structure '是无法...的' (shì wúfǎ...de - is impossible to...) and the verb '衡量' (héngliáng - to measure).
受到不公正的批评会严重伤害自尊。
Receiving unfair criticism can severely damage self-esteem.
Uses the passive-like construction '受到...' (shòudào - to receive) and the adverb '严重' (yánzhòng - severely).
父母应该帮助孩子建立健康的自尊。
Parents should help children build healthy self-esteem.
Uses the modal verb '应该' (yīnggāi - should) and the verb '建立' (jiànlì - to build/establish).
他因为害怕自尊受损而不敢表达自己的观点。
He dares not express his own opinion for fear of damaging his self-esteem.
Uses the phrase '害怕...' (hàipà - afraid of) and the verb '表达' (biǎodá - to express).
保持自尊是个人成长的关键。
Maintaining self-esteem is key to personal growth.
Uses the verb '保持' (bǎochí - to maintain) and the noun phrase '个人成长' (gèrén chéngzhǎng - personal growth).
即使在困难时期，她也努力维护自己的自尊。
Even in difficult times, she strives to maintain her self-esteem.
Uses the conjunction '即使' (jíshǐ - even if) and the verb '维护' (wéihù - to maintain).
一个人的自尊是其心理健康的重要基石，影响着其人际关系和生活满意度。
A person's self-esteem is an important cornerstone of their mental health, influencing their interpersonal relationships and life satisfaction.
Uses more abstract vocabulary like '基石' (jīshí - cornerstone) and '人际关系' (rénjì guānxì - interpersonal relationships).
在面对逆境时，强大的自尊能够帮助个体保持积极的心态和韧性。
When facing adversity, strong self-esteem can help individuals maintain a positive mindset and resilience.
Uses advanced vocabulary such as '逆境' (nìjìng - adversity), '心态' (xīntài - mindset), and '韧性' (rènxìng - resilience).
不恰当的批评或羞辱可能会对一个人的自尊造成不可逆转的伤害。
Inappropriate criticism or humiliation can cause irreversible damage to a person's self-esteem.
Employs descriptive adjectives like '不恰当的' (bù qiàdàng de - inappropriate) and '不可逆转的' (bùkě nìzhuǎn de - irreversible).
培养孩子的自尊需要耐心、理解和持续的支持。
Cultivating a child's self-esteem requires patience, understanding, and continuous support.
Uses the verb '培养' (péiyǎng - to cultivate) and lists abstract nouns requiring care.
他宁愿承受经济上的困难，也不愿为了自尊而做违背原则的事情。
He would rather endure financial hardship than do something against his principles for the sake of self-esteem.
Uses the comparative structure '宁愿...也不愿...' (nìngyuàn...yě bù yuàn - would rather... than...) and the phrase '违背原则' (wéibèi yuánzé - against principles).
社会对自尊的看法往往受到文化和价值观的影响。
Societal views on self-esteem are often influenced by culture and values.
Discusses societal perspectives using terms like '看法' (kànfǎ - view/opinion) and '价值观' (jiàzhíguān - values).
许多心理疗法都旨在增强个体的自尊水平。
Many psychological therapies aim to enhance an individual's level of self-esteem.
Uses formal vocabulary like '心理疗法' (xīnlǐ liáofǎ - psychological therapy) and '旨在' (zhǐzài - aim to).
长期缺乏自尊可能导致抑郁症和其他心理健康问题。
Long-term lack of self-esteem can lead to depression and other mental health problems.
Connects low '自尊' to negative outcomes using '导致' (dǎozhì - lead to) and '抑郁症' (yìyùzhèng - depression).
在人际交往中，保持恰当的自尊既是自我保护的盾牌，也是建立健康关系的桥梁。
In interpersonal interactions, maintaining appropriate self-esteem is both a shield for self-protection and a bridge for building healthy relationships.
Uses metaphorical language ('盾牌' - shield, '桥梁' - bridge) and complex sentence structure.
文化背景深刻地塑造了人们对自尊的理解和追求方式。
Cultural background profoundly shapes people's understanding and pursuit of self-esteem.
Employs sophisticated vocabulary like '深刻地塑造' (shēnkè de sùzào - profoundly shapes) and '追求方式' (zhuīqiú fāngshì - manner of pursuit).
过度强调自尊而忽视了客观现实，可能导致脱离实际的决策。
Overemphasizing self-esteem while ignoring objective reality can lead to decisions detached from reality.
Uses abstract concepts like '过度强调' (guòdù qiángdiào - overemphasize), '忽视' (hūshì - ignore), and '脱离实际' (tuōlí shíjì - detached from reality).
在后现代语境下，自尊的构建被视为一个动态且多维度的过程。
In a postmodern context, the construction of self-esteem is viewed as a dynamic and multi-dimensional process.
Incorporates academic terminology like '后现代语境' (hòu xiàndài yǔjìng - postmodern context) and '多维度' (duō wéidù - multi-dimensional).
即便面对铺天盖地的负面评价，一个内心强大的人也能凭借其稳固的自尊而不被击垮。
Even in the face of overwhelming negative reviews, a person with a strong inner self can remain uncrushed by their solid self-esteem.
Uses vivid imagery and phrases like '铺天盖地的' (pūtiāngàidì de - overwhelming) and '不被击垮' (bù bèi jīkuǎ - not be crushed).
教育的最终目标之一是帮助个体形成健全的自尊，使其能够独立思考并贡献社会。
One of the ultimate goals of education is to help individuals form sound self-esteem, enabling them to think independently and contribute to society.
Connects education to personal development using terms like '健全的' (jiànquán de - sound/healthy) and '贡献社会' (gòngxiàn shèhuì - contribute to society).
对自尊的病态追求可能导致虚荣和自我中心的行为模式。
A pathological pursuit of self-esteem can lead to patterns of vain and egocentric behavior.
Uses clinical terms like '病态追求' (bìngtài zhuīqiú - pathological pursuit) and '自我中心' (zìwǒ zhōngxīn - egocentric).
在数字时代，社交媒体上的点赞和关注数往往被错误地等同于自尊的衡量标准。
In the digital age, likes and follower counts on social media are often mistakenly equated with measures of self-esteem.
Addresses contemporary issues using terms like '数字时代' (shùzì shídài - digital age) and '等同于' (děngtóng yú - equated with).
个体自尊的深层根源及其在不同文化语境下的表现变异，是心理学研究中持续探索的课题。
The deep roots of individual self-esteem and its variations in expression across different cultural contexts are ongoing research topics in psychology.
Utilizes highly academic and nuanced language, including '深层根源' (shēncéng gēnyuán - deep roots), '表现变异' (biǎoxiàn biànyì - variations in expression), and '持续探索的课题' (chíxù tànsuǒ de kètí - ongoing research topics).
当社会结构性地剥夺某些群体的自尊时，其产生的心理创伤和社会不稳定因素不容忽视。
When societal structures systematically strip certain groups of their self-esteem, the resulting psychological trauma and social instability cannot be ignored.
Employs critical theory terminology such as '结构性地剥夺' (jiégòuxìng de bōduó - systematically strip) and '不容忽视' (bùróng hūshì - cannot be ignored).
从现象学角度审视，自尊并非一种固化的本质，而是主体在与世界互动过程中不断生成和协商的体验。
Viewed from a phenomenological perspective, self-esteem is not a fixed essence but an experience continuously generated and negotiated by the subject in the process of interacting with the world.
Uses philosophical terminology like '现象学角度' (xiànxiàngxué jiǎodù - phenomenological perspective), '固化的本质' (gùhuà de běnzhì - fixed essence), and '协商' (xiéshāng - negotiate).
对自尊的过度内卷化，可能导致个体在追求自我价值时陷入自我怀疑的循环。
The excessive internalization of self-esteem may lead individuals to fall into a cycle of self-doubt when pursuing self-worth.
Introduces concepts like '内卷化' (nèijuǎnhuà - internalization/involution) and '自我怀疑的循环' (zìwǒ huáiyí de xúnhuán - cycle of self-doubt).
后殖民主义批评常常揭示自尊如何在被压迫者的身份认同构建中扮演复杂且矛盾的角色。
Postcolonial critique often reveals the complex and contradictory role self-esteem plays in the identity construction of the oppressed.
Utilizes critical theory terms like '后殖民主义批评' (hòu zhímín zhǔyì pīpíng - postcolonial critique) and '身份认同构建' (shēnfèn rèntóng gòujiàn - identity construction).
通过叙事疗法，个体得以重塑其自尊叙事，从被动的受害者转变为积极的生命创造者。
Through narrative therapy, individuals can reshape their self-esteem narratives, transforming from passive victims into active creators of their lives.
Employs therapeutic terminology such as '叙事疗法' (xùshì liáofǎ - narrative therapy) and '重塑...叙事' (chóngsù...xùshì - reshape narrative).
在人工智能日益发展的时代，探讨机器是否可能拥有类自尊的意识，成为前沿哲学议题。
In the era of rapidly developing artificial intelligence, exploring whether machines can possess self-esteem-like consciousness has become a cutting-edge philosophical issue.
Addresses futuristic and philosophical concepts using phrases like '人工智能' (réngōng zhìnéng - artificial intelligence) and '前沿哲学议题' (qiányán zhéxué yìtí - cutting-edge philosophical issue).
对自尊的文化建构主义解读，强调其社会性而非先天的生物属性。
A social constructivist interpretation of self-esteem emphasizes its social nature rather than innate biological attributes.
Uses academic theoretical frameworks like '文化建构主义' (wénhuà jiàngòuzhǔyì - social constructivism) and '先天生物属性' (xiāntiān shēngwù shǔxìng - innate biological attributes).
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— To protect my self-esteem.
我不能接受这个条件，我必须保护我的自尊。
— He has a lot of self-esteem/self-respect.
他是一个正直的人，很有自尊。
— This hurt my self-esteem.
他的话让我觉得很受打击，这伤害了我的自尊。
— To cultivate a child's self-esteem.
父母应该从小就注意培养孩子的自尊。
— To respect others' self-esteem.
在交流时，我们应该注意尊重他人的自尊。
— Lack of self-esteem.
他长期缺乏自尊，导致他做什么事都犹豫不决。
— To maintain self-esteem.
即使面对压力，她也坚持维护自己的自尊。
— Healthy self-esteem.
拥有健康的自尊对个人成长至关重要。
— Self-esteem is damaged.
他的公开批评让我的自尊心受损。
— To prioritize self-esteem.
在做决定时，她总是以自尊为重。
Souvent confondu avec
'自信' means self-confidence, the belief in one's abilities. '自尊' is about one's inherent worth. You can be confident in a skill but still have low self-esteem, or vice versa.
'骄傲' can mean pride (positive) or arrogance (negative). '自尊' is about self-respect, not necessarily comparing oneself favorably to others or boasting.
'面子' refers to social reputation and prestige. While related, '自尊' is more about internal self-worth, whereas '面子' is about external perception.
Expressions idiomatiques
— To inflate one's ego or pretend to be richer/more important than one is, often to save face. This action can stem from a desire to protect self-esteem or social standing, even if it means being dishonest or overextending oneself.
他明明没钱，却打肿脸充胖子，最后欠了一屁股债，这对他自尊打击很大。
Colloquial— To be concerned about one's reputation and social standing; to be proud and unwilling to lose face. While not directly 'self-esteem', it's closely related as protecting one's '面子' (face) is often a way to preserve one's sense of dignity and self-respect.
他是个很爱面子的人，即使犯了错也不肯承认，生怕自尊受损。
Colloquial— Better to die with honor (like a jade shard) than live in disgrace (like a whole tile). This idiom emphasizes the importance of integrity and self-respect, prioritizing dignity over survival or compromise.
面对威胁，他选择了宁为玉碎，不为瓦全，这是他自尊的体现。
Literary/Formal— Neither humble nor overbearing; balanced and dignified. This describes someone who has healthy self-esteem, showing respect for themselves and others without arrogance or excessive deference.
他在谈判中表现得不卑不亢，既维护了公司利益，也体现了个人自尊。
Formal— To lose face completely; to be utterly disgraced. This is the extreme opposite of maintaining '自尊' and '面子'.
丑闻曝光后，他可以说是颜面扫地，自尊荡然无存。
Formal/Literary— To have an excessively high opinion of oneself; to be conceited. This is a negative extreme that borders on arrogance and can be a maladaptive way of dealing with low underlying self-esteem.
他自视甚高，听不进任何批评，这反而暴露了他自尊的脆弱。
Formal/Negative— To lose face; to be embarrassed. While less severe than '颜面扫地', it still implies a blow to one's reputation and potentially one's self-esteem.
在众人面前出丑让他觉得很丢脸，自尊受到打击。
Colloquial— To stand tall; to hold one's head high. This physically manifests the feeling of self-respect and dignity.
即使生活再艰难，他也要挺直腰杆，保持自尊。
Figurative/Colloquial— Unwilling to fall behind others; ambitious. While this often relates to competition and achievement, a healthy drive to excel can be linked to a desire to prove one's worth and maintain self-esteem.
他不甘人后，努力学习，这既是自信的表现，也为了维护自己的自尊。
Formal— To be content with poverty and find joy in the Tao (or in one's principles). This emphasizes inner satisfaction and self-worth independent of material wealth or external validation, a form of strong self-esteem.
他安贫乐道，不追求名利，因为他内心的自尊才是最重要的。
Literary/PhilosophicalFacile à confondre
Both relate to positive self-perception and are often used together.
'自信' (self-confidence) is about believing in your abilities and competence. '自尊' (self-esteem) is about your fundamental sense of worth and value as a person. You can be confident in your skills for a specific task but still have low self-esteem if you don't believe you are inherently good enough. Conversely, someone might have high self-esteem but lack confidence in a particular challenging area.
他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自信</mark>地走上讲台，因为他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>有</mark>很高的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>。
Both can describe a positive feeling about oneself.
'骄傲' can mean pride in achievement, which is positive, or arrogance, which is negative. '自尊' is a more stable, inherent sense of self-worth and dignity. While pride in achievement can contribute to self-esteem, '自尊' is the underlying foundation. Arrogance is often seen as a defense mechanism for low self-esteem, whereas genuine '自尊' doesn't require putting others down.
他对自己的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>成就感到骄傲</mark>，并且<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>珍视</mark>自己的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>。
Both relate to respect and dignity.
'尊严' refers to dignity as an inherent quality or state of being worthy of honor, often in a social or moral context. '自尊' is one's *personal* sense and feeling of that dignity. You can have your '尊严' violated by others, which then impacts your '自尊'. For example, 'His <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>尊严</mark> was hurt' implies an external violation, while 'He has high <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>' refers to his internal feeling of worth.
每个人都应该有<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>尊严</mark>，并且懂得维护自己的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>。
Both are crucial in Chinese social interactions and relate to how one presents oneself.
'面子' translates to 'face' and refers to social reputation, prestige, and public image. It's about how others perceive you. '自尊' is your internal sense of self-worth and dignity. You might do things to save '面子' (avoid embarrassment or uphold reputation), which can indirectly affect your '自尊', but they are distinct. Losing '面子' can be a blow to '自尊', but '自尊' can exist even if one loses '面子' in a specific social situation.
他为了<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>面子</mark>而拒绝道歉，这实际上损害了他的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>。
It's a direct opposite concept related to self-perception.
'自卑' means inferiority complex or low self-esteem. It's the antithesis of having high '自尊'. Someone with '自卑' feels inadequate, unworthy, and often compares themselves negatively to others. '自尊' is a positive self-evaluation, while '自卑' is a negative one.
他因为<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自卑</mark>，所以总是觉得自己配不上别人，这与<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>心强的人截然不同。
Structures de phrases
Subject + 有 + 自尊
我很有<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>。
Verb + 自尊
我需要<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>。
Subject + 伤害 + (Object) + 自尊
他的话<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>伤害</mark>了我的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>。
为了 + 自尊, + Sentence
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>为了</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>，他拒绝了。
Subject + 培养/建立 + (Object) + 的 + 自尊
父母帮助孩子<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>培养</mark>健康的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>。
Subject + 缺乏 + 自尊
他<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>缺乏</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>，所以他总是很犹豫。
Subject + 凭借 + 稳固的 + 自尊 + Verb Phrase
她<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>凭借</mark>稳固的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>，不被困难打倒。
对 + 自尊 + 的 + (Adjective) + 追求/看法
对<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>的过度追求可能导致问题。
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
High
-
Confusing '自尊' (self-esteem) with '骄傲' (arrogance/pride).
→
Using '自尊' for internal worth and '骄傲' for comparative pride or arrogance.
While related, '自尊' is about valuing oneself, whereas '骄傲' can imply looking down on others or being boastful. A person with high '自尊' doesn't necessarily need to be arrogant.
-
Using '自尊' as an adjective directly.
→
Using '有自尊' (to have self-esteem) or adding '-心' (xīn) to form '自尊心'.
'自尊' is a noun. Instead of saying '他是一个自尊的人' (He is a self-esteem person), it's more natural to say '他是一个很有<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>的人' or '他很有<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊心</mark>'.
-
Equating '自尊' solely with '面子' (face/reputation).
→
Understanding that '自尊' is internal self-worth, while '面子' is external social standing.
While losing '面子' can hurt '自尊', they are not the same. One can maintain inner '自尊' even if they lose '面子' in a specific social situation. '自尊' is about how you feel about yourself, regardless of others' opinions.
-
Using '自尊' for mild embarrassment.
→
Using more appropriate terms for embarrassment like '不好意思' (bù hǎoyìsi).
'自尊' refers to a more fundamental sense of self-worth. Simply being embarrassed about a minor mistake doesn't necessarily mean your '自尊' is damaged. For instance, saying '我迟到了，有点<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>不好意思</mark>' is better than saying '我的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>受损了' unless the lateness had severe consequences.
-
Mispronouncing 'zi' as 'zee'.
→
Pronouncing 'zi' as 'tsi', similar to the 'ts' in 'cats'.
The 'z' sound in 'zi' and 'zun' is an unaspirated affricate, like 'ts'. Saying 'zee-zun' is incorrect. Practice the 'tsi-zun' sound.
Astuces
Mastering the 'zi' sound
The initial 'zi' in '自尊' is pronounced like 'tsi', similar to the 'ts' sound in 'cats' followed by a short 'i'. Avoid pronouncing it like the English 'zee'. Practice saying 'tsi-zun' to get the rhythm and sound correct.
Distinguish from '自信' and '骄傲'
Remember: '自尊' is about your inherent worth. '自信' is about believing in your abilities. '骄傲' can be healthy pride or negative arrogance. Use '自尊' when talking about your fundamental value as a person.
Connect to 'Self-Respect'
Break down '自尊' into '自' (self) and '尊' (respect). The word literally means 'self-respect'. This direct connection makes it easier to recall its meaning.
Consider '面子'
In Chinese context, '自尊' is often discussed alongside '面子' (face/reputation). Understanding this relationship helps grasp why certain actions might be taken to protect one's dignity and self-worth.
Common Collocations
Pay attention to common phrases like '有自尊' (to have self-esteem), '保护自尊' (to protect self-esteem), and '伤害自尊' (to hurt self-esteem). Using these patterns will make your sentences sound more natural.
When to Use '自尊心'
'自尊心' (zìzūnxīn) is a very common variant, meaning 'self-esteem'. It's often used interchangeably with '自尊' in everyday conversation, especially when referring to the psychological feeling of self-worth.
Antonyms are Key
Learning antonyms like '自卑' (inferiority complex) can solidify your understanding of '自尊'. Contrasting the concepts helps highlight their distinct meanings.
Sentence Building Challenge
Try creating your own sentences using '自尊' in different contexts: personal feelings, social situations, ethical dilemmas. This active recall is crucial for mastery.
Healthy vs. Excessive Self-Esteem
While '自尊' is positive, be aware that an extreme or defensive pursuit of it can manifest as arrogance or an inability to accept feedback. Healthy '自尊' is balanced and realistic.
Expressing Your Feelings
Use '自尊' to articulate why you might refuse an offer, stand up for yourself, or feel hurt by disrespectful behavior. It's a valuable word for expressing personal boundaries and values.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of '自' (zì) as 'zip' your lips when you're proud of yourself, and '尊' (zūn) sounding like 'soon' when you'll achieve something great. So, 'Zip' your lips, you'll be great 'soon' – that's your '自尊'!
Association visuelle
Imagine a person standing tall and proud, holding a shield with the character '自' (self) on it, protecting their inner '尊' (respect). The shield represents their self-esteem, guarding their inner dignity.
Word Web
Défi
Try to use '自尊' in three different sentences describing situations where someone's self-worth is either challenged or upheld. For example, 'He refused the degrading job offer to protect his 自尊.'
Origine du mot
The term '自尊' is composed of two characters: '自' (zì) meaning 'self' or 'oneself', and '尊' (zūn) meaning 'to respect', 'to honor', or 'reverence'. Together, they literally translate to 'self-respect'. This combination clearly conveys the meaning of valuing and respecting oneself.
Sens originel : The character '尊' historically referred to an ancestral temple or a sacrificial vessel, implying reverence and honor. Its meaning evolved to encompass respecting elders, superiors, and eventually, oneself.
Sino-TibetanContexte culturel
When discussing '自尊', be mindful of cultural nuances. In some contexts, directly questioning someone's '自尊' might be considered impolite. It's often discussed in more indirect terms or within the framework of '面子' (face) and social harmony.
In English-speaking cultures, 'self-esteem' is a widely discussed psychological concept, often linked to individual achievement, personal growth, and mental well-being. While social reputation matters, the emphasis is often more on internal validation and self-acceptance.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Personal development and self-help discussions.
- 如何提高<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>
- 健康的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>的重要性
- 克服<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自卑</mark>，建立<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>
Parenting and education advice.
- 培养孩子的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>
- 学校如何促进学生<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>
- 鼓励孩子，保护他们的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>
Interpersonal relationships and conflict resolution.
- 尊重对方的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>
- 避免伤害对方的<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>
- 在争吵中维护<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>
Discussions about ethics, integrity, and moral character.
- 有<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>的人
- 为<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>而坚持原则
- <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>与<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>尊严</mark>
Media analysis and social commentary.
- 社交媒体对<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>的影响
- 角色<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>的塑造
- 维护<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>自尊</mark>的重要性
Amorces de conversation
"How important is self-esteem to you?"
"What are some ways to build self-esteem?"
"Can you share an example of when someone's self-esteem was challenged?"
"How does culture influence our understanding of self-esteem?"
"What's the difference between self-esteem and arrogance?"
Sujets d'écriture
Reflect on a time you felt proud of yourself. What contributed to that feeling of self-esteem?
Write about a situation where your self-esteem was tested. How did you cope with it?
Consider the role of external validation versus internal validation in maintaining self-esteem. Which do you think is more important?
How can you actively cultivate a healthier sense of self-esteem in your daily life?
Think about the people in your life who have high self-esteem. What qualities do they possess?
Questions fréquentes
10 questions'自尊' (zìzūn) refers to self-esteem or self-respect, your fundamental sense of personal worth and dignity. '自信' (zìxìn) means self-confidence, which is the belief in your abilities and competence to achieve something. You can have high self-esteem but lack confidence in a specific skill, or vice versa. For instance, someone might have high '自尊' because they believe they are a good person, but lack '自信' to give a public speech. Conversely, a skilled athlete might have great '自信' in their sport but struggle with low '自尊' if they tie their entire worth to winning.
Not exactly. '自尊' is about self-respect and valuing oneself. 'Pride' can be positive (pride in one's accomplishments) or negative (arrogance, conceit). While healthy self-esteem can lead to positive pride, '自尊' itself is more about internal worth rather than external comparison or boasting. Arrogance ('骄傲' - jiāo'ào) is often seen as a sign of underlying low '自尊', whereas genuine '自尊' is a stable inner confidence.
In Chinese culture, '面子' (face) refers to social reputation, prestige, and how one is perceived by others. '自尊' is one's internal sense of self-worth. These two concepts are closely linked. Maintaining '面子' is often seen as a way to preserve one's '自尊', and losing '面子' can be a significant blow to one's self-esteem. However, they are not identical. One can have high '自尊' even if they lose '面子' in a particular situation, and conversely, someone might be overly concerned with '面子' as a way to compensate for low '自尊'.
Certainly. A common sentence is: '他很有自尊，所以他不会做任何损害自己名誉的事情。' (Tā hěn yǒu zìzūn, suǒyǐ tā bù huì zuò rènhé sǔnhài zìjǐ míngyù de shìqíng.) This translates to: 'He has a lot of self-respect, so he won't do anything that damages his reputation.' Here, '自尊' is linked to ethical behavior and maintaining one's honor.
Common mistakes include confusing it with arrogance ('骄傲'), overusing it for minor embarrassments, or misapplying it grammatically (e.g., trying to use it as an adjective directly). It's also important to remember that '自尊' is a noun and often pairs with verbs like '有' (to have), '保护' (to protect), '伤害' (to hurt), or '维护' (to maintain). Adding '-心' (xīn) to form '自尊心' is also very common and often interchangeable.
Generally, a healthy level of '自尊' is considered positive and essential for well-being. However, an *excessive* or *unhealthy* pursuit of self-esteem, sometimes driven by insecurity, can lead to arrogance, defensiveness, or an inability to accept criticism, which are not positive traits. The key is a balanced and realistic sense of self-worth.
The most common ways to say 'self-esteem' in Chinese are '自尊' (zìzūn) and '自尊心' (zìzūnxīn). Both are widely understood and used. '自尊' can also mean 'self-respect' more broadly, while '自尊心' specifically refers to the feeling or state of self-esteem.
The most direct opposite of '自尊' is '自卑' (zìbēi), which means inferiority complex or low self-esteem. Other related antonymous concepts include '自大' (zìdà - arrogance) and '卑微' (bēiwēi - humble/meek to an extreme, implying lack of self-worth).
Yes, '自尊' can be used in a collective sense to refer to national pride or the dignity of a group. For example, one might talk about '民族自尊心' (mínzú zìzūnxīn - national self-esteem) or a group fighting to maintain its '自尊'. This usage extends the concept from the individual to a collective identity.
A healthy level of '自尊' is considered a cornerstone of good mental health. It contributes to resilience, positive relationships, and overall life satisfaction. Low '自尊' is often associated with mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Therefore, cultivating and maintaining '自尊' is a key aspect of psychological well-being.
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Summary
自尊 (zìzūn) means self-esteem or self-respect. It's about having a positive regard for your own worth and dignity, which impacts your confidence and how you interact with the world.
- Self-esteem and self-respect.
- How much you value yourself.
- A feeling of personal worth and dignity.
- Important for confidence and well-being.
Mastering the 'zi' sound
The initial 'zi' in '自尊' is pronounced like 'tsi', similar to the 'ts' sound in 'cats' followed by a short 'i'. Avoid pronouncing it like the English 'zee'. Practice saying 'tsi-zun' to get the rhythm and sound correct.
Distinguish from '自信' and '骄傲'
Remember: '自尊' is about your inherent worth. '自信' is about believing in your abilities. '骄傲' can be healthy pride or negative arrogance. Use '自尊' when talking about your fundamental value as a person.
Connect to 'Self-Respect'
Break down '自尊' into '自' (self) and '尊' (respect). The word literally means 'self-respect'. This direct connection makes it easier to recall its meaning.
Consider '面子'
In Chinese context, '自尊' is often discussed alongside '面子' (face/reputation). Understanding this relationship helps grasp why certain actions might be taken to protect one's dignity and self-worth.
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有点
A1Un peu; quelque peu. Utilisé avant un adjectif pour exprimer un sentiment légèrement négatif.
一点
A1Un petit peu; une petite quantité de quelque chose.
可恶
A2Détestable ; odieux. Utilisé pour exprimer une forte aversion ou de la colère.
心不在焉
A2Être distrait ou préoccupé; avoir l'esprit ailleurs.
接受地
A2Il a écouté les critiques de manière réceptive.
成就感
B1Le sentiment d'accomplissement que l'on ressent après avoir réussi quelque chose de difficile.
撒娇
A2To act like a spoiled child; to act cute.
上瘾
B1Développer une dépendance à quelque chose, souvent de manière malsaine, rendant difficile l'arrêt.
沉迷
A2Il est tellement accro aux jeux vidéo qu'il en oublie de manger.
敬佩
B1Admirer; respecter profondément. Utilisé pour exprimer une grande estime pour le caractère ou les actions de quelqu'un.
