प्रेज़ेंट परफेक्ट: For बनाम Since (जारी कार्य)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'for' for a total duration of time and 'since' for a specific starting point in the past.
- Use 'for' with periods of time like 'two hours' or 'five years'. Example: 'I have lived here for five years.'
- Use 'since' with specific dates, times, or events like 'Monday' or '2010'. Example: 'I have lived here since 2010.'
- Always use the Present Perfect (have/has + past participle) to show the action is still happening now.
Overview
Present Perfect tense का उपयोग करते हैं। इस tense के साथ for और since का मेल एक बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।for लगाना है और कब since, क्योंकि हमारी मातृभाषा हिंदी में इन दोनों के लिए केवल एक ही शब्द है— «से»। उदाहरण के लिए, हम कहते हैं मैं दो घंटे से इंतज़ार कर रहा हूँऔर
मैं सुबह से इंतज़ार कर रहा हूँ। यहाँ दोनों वाक्यों में «से» का प्रयोग हुआ है, लेकिन English में ये दोनों स्थितियाँ अलग-अलग तरीके से व्यक्त की जाती हैं।
Present Perfect के साथ for और since का सही उपयोग करना न केवल आपकी Grammar को सुधारेगा, बल्कि यह आपको अधिक natural और professional भी बनाएगा। चाहे आप किसी job interview में अपने अनुभव के बारे में बता रहे हों या किसी पुराने दोस्त से अपनी ज़िंदगी के बारे में बात कर रहे हों, यह concept आपके विचारों को स्पष्टता देने के लिए अनिवार्य है। इस पाठ में, हम गहराई से समझेंगे कि इन दोनों शब्दों का सही चुनाव कैसे किया जाए और हिंदी भाषी होने के नाते हम अक्सर कहाँ गलतियाँ करते हैं।Present Perfect tense (has/have + V3) का मुख्य उद्देश्य अतीत और वर्तमान के बीच एक पुल (bridge) बनाना है। जब हम इसमें for और since जोड़ते हैं, तो हम उस समय की सीमा या शुरुआत को परिभाषित करते हैं।For का उपयोग: समय की अवधि (Duration)for का उपयोग करते हैं। यह समय की कुल मात्रा (total amount of time) को दर्शाता है। इसे एक 'block of time' की तरह सोचें।- Hindi Connection: जब आप किसी से पूछते हैं «कितनी देर से?» (How long?), तो जवाब में
forका उपयोग होता है। - Examples:
for two hours(दो घंटे से),for five years(पाँच साल से),for a long time(लंबे समय से)। - Logic: यहाँ आप समय को गिन रहे हैं (1, 2, 3...)।
Since का उपयोग: शुरुआत का समय (Starting Point)since का उपयोग करते हैं। यह समय के कैलेंडर या घड़ी पर एक खास बिंदु (point) को दर्शाता है।- Hindi Connection: जब आप किसी से पूछते हैं «कब से?» (Since when?), तो जवाब में
sinceका उपयोग होता है। - Examples:
since 9 AM(9 बजे से),since Monday(सोमवार से),since 2010(2010 से),since childhood(बचपन से)। - Logic: यहाँ आप समय की शुरुआत वाले बिंदु (starting point) की ओर इशारा कर रहे हैं।
Present Perfect के साथ for और since का वाक्य बनाने के लिए एक निश्चित ढांचे (structure) का पालन करना होता है।Subject + has/have + Past Participle (V3) + for/since + TimeI / You / We / Theyके साथhaveका प्रयोग करें।He / She / It / Nameके साथhasका प्रयोग करें।
I have lived in this house for six months.(मैं छह महीने से इस घर में रह रहा हूँ।)She has worked at this bank since 2018.(वह 2018 से इस बैंक में काम कर रही है।)
Subject + has/have + not + Past Participle (V3) + for/since + TimeWe haven't seen each other since Diwali.(हमने दिवाली से एक-दूसरे को नहीं देखा है।)He hasn't called me for two weeks.(उसने दो हफ्तों से मुझे फोन नहीं किया है।)
Has/Have + Subject + Past Participle (V3) + for/since + Time?Have you known him for a long time?(क्या तुम उसे लंबे समय से जानते हो?)Has it rained since yesterday?(क्या कल से बारिश हुई है?)
Continuous form (-ing) में इस्तेमाल नहीं करते, जैसे know, believe, be, have (possession)। इन क्रियाओं के साथ हम हमेशा Present Perfect Simple का ही प्रयोग करते हैं, भले ही काम जारी हो।- *Correct:*
I have known him for years. - *Incorrect:*
I have been knowing him for years.
I have had this car for five years.(मेरे पास यह गाड़ी 5 साल से है।)
I have been a software engineer since I graduated.(ग्रेजुएशन के बाद से ही मैं एक सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियर हूँ।)Our company has used this software for a decade.(हमारी कंपनी एक दशक से इस सॉफ्टवेयर का उपयोग कर रही है।)
They have been married since 1995.(उनकी शादी 1995 से हुई है।)I haven't eaten street food since I fell ill.(जब से मैं बीमार पड़ा हूँ, मैंने स्ट्रीट फूड नहीं खाया है।)
for और since का उपयोग करते समय कुछ विशिष्ट गलतियाँ करते हैं। ये गलतियाँ हमारी मातृभाषा के व्याकरण के प्रभाव (L1 interference) के कारण होती हैं।I am here since 2 years. यह गलत है।- Why? English में अगर कोई काम अतीत से शुरू होकर अब तक चल रहा है, तो
am/is/areका प्रयोग नहीं किया जा सकता। आपकोPresent Perfect(have been) का उपयोग करना ही होगा। - Correct:
I have been here for 2 years.
I have been waiting since two hours. यह गलत है।- Why?
Two hoursएक अवधि (duration) है, कोई निश्चित बिंदु (starting point) नहीं। - Correct:
I have been waiting for two hours.याI have been waiting since 2 PM.
I have lived here 10 years कहना अधूरा लगता है।- Correct:
I have lived here for 10 years.
since की जगह from का उपयोग करते हैं: I have been working here from Monday.- Why?
Fromका उपयोग आमतौर परFutureयाSimple Pastकी समय सीमा बताने के लिए होता है (जैसेfrom 9 to 5)।Present Perfectमें हमेशाsinceका ही प्रयोग करें। - Correct:
I have been working here since Monday.
Present Perfect और Past Simple के बीच चुनाव करना होता है। नीचे दी गई तालिका से इसे समझें:I have lived in Mumbai for 5 years. | I lived in Mumbai for 5 years. |since 2010, for ages | in 2010, yesterday, ago |Since vs FromSinceका प्रयोग केवलPerfect Tensesके साथ होता है।Fromका प्रयोग किसी भी tense के साथ हो सकता है, लेकिन यह आमतौर पर एक अंत (end point) के साथ आता है (जैसे:The shop is open from 10 AM to 8 PM).
for का उपयोग Past Simple के साथ कर सकता हूँ?I worked there for 2 years, तो इसका मतलब है कि अब आप वहाँ काम नहीं करते। for केवल समय की लंबाई बताता है, यह ज़रूरी नहीं कि काम अभी भी चल रहा हो। लेकिन since का प्रयोग लगभग हमेशा Present Perfect के साथ ही होता है क्योंकि यह अतीत को वर्तमान से जोड़ता है।since long कहना सही है या for a long time?since long बोल देते हैं, लेकिन व्याकरण के हिसाब से for a long time या for ages कहना ज्यादा सही है। अगर आपको since का ही प्रयोग करना है, तो आप since a long time ago कह सकते हैं, लेकिन यह थोड़ा बोझिल (clunky) लगता है।since के बाद पूरा वाक्य आ सकता है?since एक conjunction की तरह भी काम करता है। आप कह सकते हैं: I have been happy since I moved to this city. यहाँ since के बाद एक पूरा Past Simple वाक्य (I moved to this city) आया है, जो समय के एक बिंदु (starting point) का काम कर रहा है।- For = Number: अगर समय के साथ कोई नंबर जुड़ा है (2 hours, 5 days, 3 months), तो
forलगाओ। (अपवाद: साल का नंबर जैसे 2024, जो एक बिंदु है)। - Since = Name: अगर समय का कोई नाम है (Monday, January, Diwali, Childhood), तो
sinceलगाओ।
for और since का चुनाव तुम्हारे लिए ऑटो-रिक्शा वाले से मोलभाव (bargaining) करने जितना आसान हो जाएगा! अभ्यास करते रहो, क्योंकि Grammar रटने से नहीं, बल्कि रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल करने से आती है।Present Perfect + For/Since Structure
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle | Preposition | Time Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have
|
lived
|
for
|
six months
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
lived
|
since
|
January
|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have not (haven't)
|
seen
|
for
|
ages
|
|
He / She / It
|
has not (hasn't)
|
seen
|
since
|
Monday
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
I have
|
I've
|
I've been here for an hour.
|
|
You have
|
You've
|
You've known her since 2010.
|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's worked here for a week.
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's been sick since yesterday.
|
|
We have
|
We've
|
We've lived here for years.
|
|
They have
|
They've
|
They've been friends since school.
|
Meanings
The Present Perfect with 'for' or 'since' describes an action that started in the past and continues into the present moment.
Duration of State
Used with stative verbs (be, know, like) to show how long a situation has existed.
“We have been friends for a long time.”
“I have known him since high school.”
Ongoing Action
Used with dynamic verbs to show an activity that hasn't stopped yet.
“He has played the piano for twenty minutes.”
“It has rained since this morning.”
Negative Duration
Used to express how much time has passed since an event last occurred.
“I haven't seen her for ages.”
“We haven't been to the cinema since March.”
Reference Table
| समय अभिव्यक्ति | अर्थ | Present Perfect के साथ उदाहरण |
|---|---|---|
|
`for five years`
|
अवधि (कितने समय से)
|
`I have worked here for five years.`
|
|
`since 2018`
|
शुरुआती बिंदु (कब शुरू हुआ)
|
`She has lived here since 2018.`
|
|
`for a long time`
|
सामान्य अवधि
|
`We haven't met for a long time.`
|
|
`since last Monday`
|
निश्चित शुरुआती तारीख
|
`He hasn't eaten since last Monday.`
|
|
`for ages`
|
अनौपचारिक, बहुत लंबी अवधि
|
`I haven't seen you for ages!`
|
|
`since I was a child`
|
निश्चित पिछली घटना शुरुआती बिंदु के रूप में
|
`She has loved music since she was a child.`
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
I have been employed by this firm for six years. (Professional history)
I have worked here for six years. (Professional history)
I've been here for six years. (Professional history)
I've been at this gig for six years. (Professional history)
Present Perfect: For बनाम Since (चल रहे काम)
FOR (अवधि)
- कितना समय? 'कितना समय?' का जवाब देता है
- समय की अवधि उदाहरण के लिए, 'three hours', 'many years'
- I've studied for two hours. उदाहरण वाक्य
SINCE (शुरुआती बिंदु)
- कब से? 'कब से?' का जवाब देता है
- निश्चित क्षण/घटना उदाहरण के लिए, '9 AM', 'last year', 'I was a child'
- She's worked since 2010. उदाहरण वाक्य
आम उपयोग
- अभी भी हो रहा है काम/स्थिति वर्तमान तक जारी है
- स्टेट वर्ब्स (know, be) अक्सर Present Perfect Simple के साथ
- अनुभव अतीत को अब से जोड़ना
For बनाम Since: एक त्वरित नज़र
Present Perfect के साथ 'For' या 'Since' चुनना
क्या काम/स्थिति चल रही है (अतीत में शुरू हुई, अब भी जारी है)?
क्या आप समय की *कुल लंबाई* बता रहे हैं?
क्या आप *निश्चित शुरुआती बिंदु* बता रहे हैं?
For और Since के साथ समय अभिव्यक्तियाँ
FOR (अवधि)
- • five minutes
- • two hours
- • a week
- • three months
- • several years
- • a long time
- • ages
- • what feels like forever
SINCE (शुरुआती बिंदु)
- • 9 AM
- • yesterday
- • last Monday
- • 2020
- • I was a child
- • he arrived
- • my birthday
- • the accident
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
I have been here for one hour.
I have been here for one hour.
She has lived here since 2022.
She has lived here since 2022.
We have had this car for a week.
We have had this car for a week.
He has been sick since Friday.
He has been sick since Friday.
I haven't seen him for two days.
I haven't seen him for two days.
They have been married since July.
They have been married since July.
How long have you been a teacher?
How long have you been a teacher?
She has known me for a long time.
She has known me for a long time.
I've worked in this office since I finished university.
I've worked in this office since I finished university.
We've been waiting for the bus for over forty minutes.
We've been waiting for the bus for over forty minutes.
Has he lived in London since he was a child?
Has he lived in London since he was a child?
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
The company has owned this property for several decades.
The company has owned this property for several decades.
I've been meaning to call you since we last met.
I've been meaning to call you since we last met.
Prices have risen significantly since the new law was passed.
Prices have risen significantly since the new law was passed.
He hasn't contributed to the project for quite some time.
He hasn't contributed to the project for quite some time.
The tension has been building since the inception of the project.
The tension has been building since the inception of the project.
I haven't seen such a display of talent for many a year.
I haven't seen such a display of talent for many a year.
She has been a pillar of the community since time immemorial.
She has been a pillar of the community since time immemorial.
The law has been in effect for the duration of the crisis.
The law has been in effect for the duration of the crisis.
The manuscript has lain untouched for what must be centuries.
The manuscript has lain untouched for what must be centuries.
Ever since the scandal broke, the senator has been under intense scrutiny.
Ever since the scandal broke, the senator has been under intense scrutiny.
I haven't so much as spoken to him in weeks.
I haven't so much as spoken to him in weeks.
The city has undergone a metamorphosis since the turn of the century.
The city has undergone a metamorphosis since the turn of the century.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners use Past Simple for ongoing actions or Present Perfect for finished ones.
Both relate to time, but 'during' is used with nouns to say when something happened, not how long.
Learners use 'from' to mark a start point with the Present Perfect.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
I am here since Monday.
I have been here since Monday.
I have been here for 2010.
I have been here since 2010.
I have lived here since two years.
I have lived here for two years.
I have know him for a long time.
I have known him for a long time.
She has worked here since five months.
She has worked here for five months.
How long you have been here?
How long have you been here?
I haven't seen her since a long time.
I haven't seen her for a long time.
I have been knowing her since 2015.
I have known her since 2015.
I've been here since I have been a child.
I've been here since I was a child.
It's been raining for this morning.
It's been raining since this morning.
I haven't seen him for the last time we met.
I haven't seen him since the last time we met.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
I have known ___ since ___.
She hasn't ___ for ___.
How long have you ___?
Real World Usage
I have worked in sales for over a decade.
I've had this cough since last Tuesday.
We've been together for three years.
I have been on hold for twenty minutes!
Living in NYC since 2015.
I have been in the country for two weeks.
अवधि बनाम शुरुआती बिंदु
टेंस मत बदलो!
I lived here for five yearsअगर अभी भी रह रहे हो, बल्कि
I have lived here for five years.
'अब तक' सोचो
I have known her since college.
और भी स्वाभाविक लगो
स्टेट वर्ब्स का अपवाद
I have known her for years.(तुम यह नहीं कहोगे
I have been knowing her)
Smart Tips
Stop! If you arrived 2 days ago and are still here, you must use 'I have been'.
Use 'for'. Numbers usually indicate a duration.
Swap 'for' for 'in'.
Always put that verb in the Past Simple.
उच्चारण
Contraction of 'have'
In natural speech, 'have' is almost always contracted to /v/ after pronouns.
Weak form of 'for'
The word 'for' is usually pronounced with a schwa /fə/ unless it is stressed.
Emphasis on duration
I've been waiting for ↘️HOURS.
Conveys frustration or surprise at the length of time.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
FOR is for the length of the floor (duration); SINCE is for the start of the fence (point).
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine 'FOR' as a ruler measuring a piece of string. Imagine 'SINCE' as a push-pin on a calendar marking the exact day you started.
Rhyme
For is for a length of time, Since is for the starting line.
Story
A traveler has been walking 'for' ten days. He hasn't seen a city 'since' he left the mountains. He measures his journey in days (for) but remembers his departure (since).
Word Web
चैलेंज
Write three sentences about your life: one using 'for', one using 'since' with a year, and one using 'since' with a past event (e.g., 'since I was a child').
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
British speakers are very strict about using the Present Perfect with 'for' and 'since'. Using the Past Simple instead (e.g., 'I didn't see him since Monday') sounds very incorrect to them.
While the Present Perfect is standard, in informal American speech, you might occasionally hear the Past Simple used with 'since', though it is technically non-standard.
Using 'for' and 'since' correctly is a marker of professional English proficiency. It is often tested in exams like IELTS or TOEFL because it shows a grasp of complex time relationships.
The Present Perfect evolved from Old English 'habban' (to have) + a past participle, originally meaning 'I possess a finished thing'. Over time, it shifted to describe the state resulting from that action.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
How long have you lived in your current city?
What is something you have owned since you were a child?
How long have you been studying English, and what has been the hardest part?
Have you known your best friend for a long time?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
I haven't seen my best friend ___ last summer.
Find and fix the mistake:
She works here for ten years.
Translate into English: 'Hemos vivido en esta ciudad desde 2015.'
Answer starts with: ["W...
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /4
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesI have lived in this apartment ___ 2010.
They have been married ___ forty years.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am a teacher since three years.
I started working here in January. (I have...)
1. ___ ages, 2. ___ I was a child, 3. ___ a long time, 4. ___ last night
A: How long have you had that dog? B: I've had him ___.
We use 'since' with a period of time, like 'five days'.
Which ones go with 'For'?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThey haven't visited their grandparents ___ Christmas.
How long ___ you been learning French?
We know him since 2010.
I haven't eaten for I woke up.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Él ha estado esperando el autobús durante veinte minutos.'
Translate into English: 'No he comido chocolate desde que era niño.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match each time expression with the correct word:
Match the beginnings with the correct endings:
Score: /12
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
Yes, but it means the action is finished. `I lived there for two years` means you don't live there now. `I have lived there for two years` means you still do.
No, 'since' is almost exclusively used with the Present Perfect (or Past Perfect) in English to show a connection to a later time.
It is always `for a long time`. 'A long time' is a duration, not a specific point.
`For` tells you how long (duration). `During` tells you when (within a named event). Example: 'I slept for two hours during the flight.'
Technically yes, but it is much more natural to say `for five years`. 'Since' is better with dates or events.
Yes, for this specific rule of duration, the Present Perfect `have/has + past participle` is required.
Yes! `Ever since` is a common way to emphasize that something has been true from a specific point until now. 'I've loved pizza ever since I was a kid.'
In negative sentences, `in` is a common and natural substitute for `for` in informal English.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente + hace / desde
Spanish uses present tense; English uses present perfect.
Présent + depuis
French uses present tense for ongoing actions.
Präsens + seit
German uses one word (seit) for both points and durations.
~te iru + kara/aida
Japanese relies on aspect markers rather than a specific perfect tense.
Mudari' (Present) + mundhu
Arabic uses the present tense where English uses the perfect.
Verb + le + duration
Chinese uses aspect particles and word order instead of prepositions.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
संबंधित वीडियो
07:45 Is it time to worry about bird flu?
08:12 You can help reverse the overdose epidemic
08:43 Why children get so many vaccines
Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect
Learn English with Bob the Canadian
Master All 4 Present Tenses in 10 Min | English Grammar Lesson | Best Way To Learn English Tenses
Learn English | Let's Talk - Free English Lessons
Related Grammar Rules
प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट: अमेरिका बनाम यूके (I've done बनाम I did)
Overview क्या आपको कभी लगा है कि आपकी इंग्लिश टेक्स्टबुक ने आपसे झूठ बोला है? आप क्लास में एक नियम सीखते हैं, और फिर एक...
Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction (Turn On, Give Up, Look After)
## Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction A **phrasal verb** = verb + particle (up, on, off, out, in, away...) The combination...
जीवन के अनुभव: Ever और Never के साथ Present Perfect
### Overview जब हम अपनी ज़िंदगी के अनुभवों (life experiences) के बारे में बात करते हैं, तो Present Perfect tense के साथ...
फ्यूचर कंटीन्यूअस (will be -ing)
### Overview नमस्ते! आज हम English grammar के एक बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण और दिलचस्प हिस्से पर बात करेंगे—`Future Continuous...
अंग्रेजी प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट: अतीत को वर्तमान से जोड़ना (बुनियादी गठन)
Overview क्या कभी तुम्हारे साथ ऐसा हुआ है कि तुम किसी कमरे में गए और पूरी तरह भूल गए कि वहां क्यों गए थे? हम सबके साथ ऐस...
