حال کامل: For در برابر Since (اعمال در حال انجام)
for میگه «چه مدت»، و since میگه «از کی شروع شد».
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'for' for a total duration of time and 'since' for a specific starting point in the past.
- Use 'for' with periods of time like 'two hours' or 'five years'. Example: 'I have lived here for five years.'
- Use 'since' with specific dates, times, or events like 'Monday' or '2010'. Example: 'I have lived here since 2010.'
- Always use the Present Perfect (have/has + past participle) to show the action is still happening now.
مرور کلی
for یا since استفاده کردی، یعنی همین الانم داری از این گرامر استفاده میکنی! حال کامل (Present Perfect) با for و since بهترین پل بین گذشته و حالته. موضوع فقط این نیست که چی شده؛ موضوع اینه که چی هنوز داره ادامه پیدا میکنه.I am a student for three years.آخ! توی انگلیسی، این جمله یعنی تو الان دانشجویی ولی کلاً برای یه دوره سه ساله که تازه از... الان شروع میشه؟
این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
for و since ابزارهای تو برای اندازهگیری بخشهایی از این خط زمان هستن. فرض کن منتظر پیک پیتزایی.for مثل کرونومترته. مقدار زمان رو اندازه میگیره: دقیقه، ساعت، روز یا حتی «قرنها» (ages).since مثل تقویمته. یه لحظه خاص رو نشون میده: ساعت ۹ شب، سهشنبه گذشته، یا لحظهای که فهمیدی گشنته. یه اشتباه رایج اینه که بخوای از since برای مدت زمان استفاده کنی.since two hours. این مثل این میمونه که بخوای قدت رو با لیتر اندازه بگیری! اصلاً جور در نمیاد.know (شناختن)، be (بودن)، have (داشتن) یا like (دوست داشتن). تو صمیمیترین دوستت رو سالهاست که میشناسی، درسته؟
الگوی ساخت
I, You, We, They, He, She, It).
have استفاده کن، اما برای سوم شخص (He, She, It) از has استفاده کن. اینو یادت نره، وگرنه ممکنه معلم زبانت یه گوشه بشینه گریه کنه!
been یا known.
for + یه بازه زمانی (مثل for 3 days) یا since + یه نقطه زمانی (مثل since Monday).
Present Perfect + For/Since Structure
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle | Preposition | Time Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have
|
lived
|
for
|
six months
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
lived
|
since
|
January
|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have not (haven't)
|
seen
|
for
|
ages
|
|
He / She / It
|
has not (hasn't)
|
seen
|
since
|
Monday
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
I have
|
I've
|
I've been here for an hour.
|
|
You have
|
You've
|
You've known her since 2010.
|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's worked here for a week.
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's been sick since yesterday.
|
|
We have
|
We've
|
We've lived here for years.
|
|
They have
|
They've
|
They've been friends since school.
|
Meanings
The Present Perfect with 'for' or 'since' describes an action that started in the past and continues into the present moment.
Duration of State
Used with stative verbs (be, know, like) to show how long a situation has existed.
“We have been friends for a long time.”
“I have known him since high school.”
Ongoing Action
Used with dynamic verbs to show an activity that hasn't stopped yet.
“He has played the piano for twenty minutes.”
“It has rained since this morning.”
Negative Duration
Used to express how much time has passed since an event last occurred.
“I haven't seen her for ages.”
“We haven't been to the cinema since March.”
Reference Table
| عبارت زمانی | معنی | مثال با حال کامل |
|---|---|---|
|
`for five years`
|
مدت زمان (چقدر)
|
`I have worked here for five years.`
|
|
`since 2018`
|
نقطه شروع (کی شروع شد)
|
`She has lived here since 2018.`
|
|
`for a long time`
|
مدت زمان کلی
|
`We haven't met for a long time.`
|
|
`since last Monday`
|
تاریخ شروع مشخص
|
`He hasn't eaten since last Monday.`
|
|
`for ages`
|
غیررسمی، مدت زمان خیلی طولانی
|
`I haven't seen you for ages!`
|
|
`since I was a child`
|
رویداد گذشته مشخص به عنوان شروع
|
`She has loved music since she was a child.`
|
طیف رسمیت
I have been employed by this firm for six years. (Professional history)
I have worked here for six years. (Professional history)
I've been here for six years. (Professional history)
I've been at this gig for six years. (Professional history)
حال کامل: for و since برای کارهای ادامه دار
FOR (مدت زمان)
- How long? چه مدت؟
- Period of time دوره زمانی
- I've studied for two hours. مثال جمله
SINCE (نقطه شروع)
- Since when? از کی؟
- Specific moment/event لحظه/رویداد مشخص
- She's worked since 2010. مثال جمله
کاربردهای رایج
- Still happening هنوز در جریانه
- States (know, be) فعلهای حالتی (شناختن، بودن)
- Experiences تجربهها
for در مقابل since: نگاهی سریع
انتخاب 'for' یا 'since' با حال کامل
آیا عمل/حالت ادامه داره (در گذشته شروع شده، تا الان ادامه داره)؟
آیا داری *طول کل* زمان رو میگی؟
آیا داری *نقطه شروع مشخص* رو میگی؟
عبارتهای زمانی با For و Since
FOR (مدت زمان)
- • five minutes
- • two hours
- • a week
- • three months
- • several years
- • a long time
- • ages
- • what feels like forever
SINCE (نقطه شروع)
- • 9 AM
- • yesterday
- • last Monday
- • 2020
- • I was a child
- • he arrived
- • my birthday
- • the accident
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I have been here for one hour.
I have been here for one hour.
She has lived here since 2022.
She has lived here since 2022.
We have had this car for a week.
We have had this car for a week.
He has been sick since Friday.
He has been sick since Friday.
I haven't seen him for two days.
I haven't seen him for two days.
They have been married since July.
They have been married since July.
How long have you been a teacher?
How long have you been a teacher?
She has known me for a long time.
She has known me for a long time.
I've worked in this office since I finished university.
I've worked in this office since I finished university.
We've been waiting for the bus for over forty minutes.
We've been waiting for the bus for over forty minutes.
Has he lived in London since he was a child?
Has he lived in London since he was a child?
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
The company has owned this property for several decades.
The company has owned this property for several decades.
I've been meaning to call you since we last met.
I've been meaning to call you since we last met.
Prices have risen significantly since the new law was passed.
Prices have risen significantly since the new law was passed.
He hasn't contributed to the project for quite some time.
He hasn't contributed to the project for quite some time.
The tension has been building since the inception of the project.
The tension has been building since the inception of the project.
I haven't seen such a display of talent for many a year.
I haven't seen such a display of talent for many a year.
She has been a pillar of the community since time immemorial.
She has been a pillar of the community since time immemorial.
The law has been in effect for the duration of the crisis.
The law has been in effect for the duration of the crisis.
The manuscript has lain untouched for what must be centuries.
The manuscript has lain untouched for what must be centuries.
Ever since the scandal broke, the senator has been under intense scrutiny.
Ever since the scandal broke, the senator has been under intense scrutiny.
I haven't so much as spoken to him in weeks.
I haven't so much as spoken to him in weeks.
The city has undergone a metamorphosis since the turn of the century.
The city has undergone a metamorphosis since the turn of the century.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use Past Simple for ongoing actions or Present Perfect for finished ones.
Both relate to time, but 'during' is used with nouns to say when something happened, not how long.
Learners use 'from' to mark a start point with the Present Perfect.
اشتباهات رایج
I am here since Monday.
I have been here since Monday.
I have been here for 2010.
I have been here since 2010.
I have lived here since two years.
I have lived here for two years.
I have know him for a long time.
I have known him for a long time.
She has worked here since five months.
She has worked here for five months.
How long you have been here?
How long have you been here?
I haven't seen her since a long time.
I haven't seen her for a long time.
I have been knowing her since 2015.
I have known her since 2015.
I've been here since I have been a child.
I've been here since I was a child.
It's been raining for this morning.
It's been raining since this morning.
I haven't seen him for the last time we met.
I haven't seen him since the last time we met.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I have known ___ since ___.
She hasn't ___ for ___.
How long have you ___?
Real World Usage
I have worked in sales for over a decade.
I've had this cough since last Tuesday.
We've been together for three years.
I have been on hold for twenty minutes!
Living in NYC since 2015.
I have been in the country for two weeks.
مدت زمان یا نقطه شروع؟
زمانها رو قاطی نکن!
I studied for two hours.
به 'تا الان' فکر کن
She has been learning French since she was ten.
طبیعیتر حرف بزن
استثنای فعلهای حالتی (State Verbs)
I have known her for years.(نه
I have been knowing her.)Smart Tips
Stop! If you arrived 2 days ago and are still here, you must use 'I have been'.
Use 'for'. Numbers usually indicate a duration.
Swap 'for' for 'in'.
Always put that verb in the Past Simple.
تلفظ
Contraction of 'have'
In natural speech, 'have' is almost always contracted to /v/ after pronouns.
Weak form of 'for'
The word 'for' is usually pronounced with a schwa /fə/ unless it is stressed.
Emphasis on duration
I've been waiting for ↘️HOURS.
Conveys frustration or surprise at the length of time.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
FOR is for the length of the floor (duration); SINCE is for the start of the fence (point).
تداعی تصویری
Imagine 'FOR' as a ruler measuring a piece of string. Imagine 'SINCE' as a push-pin on a calendar marking the exact day you started.
Rhyme
For is for a length of time, Since is for the starting line.
Story
A traveler has been walking 'for' ten days. He hasn't seen a city 'since' he left the mountains. He measures his journey in days (for) but remembers his departure (since).
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write three sentences about your life: one using 'for', one using 'since' with a year, and one using 'since' with a past event (e.g., 'since I was a child').
نکات فرهنگی
British speakers are very strict about using the Present Perfect with 'for' and 'since'. Using the Past Simple instead (e.g., 'I didn't see him since Monday') sounds very incorrect to them.
While the Present Perfect is standard, in informal American speech, you might occasionally hear the Past Simple used with 'since', though it is technically non-standard.
Using 'for' and 'since' correctly is a marker of professional English proficiency. It is often tested in exams like IELTS or TOEFL because it shows a grasp of complex time relationships.
The Present Perfect evolved from Old English 'habban' (to have) + a past participle, originally meaning 'I possess a finished thing'. Over time, it shifted to describe the state resulting from that action.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
How long have you lived in your current city?
What is something you have owned since you were a child?
How long have you been studying English, and what has been the hardest part?
Have you known your best friend for a long time?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
I haven't seen my best friend ___ last summer.
since استفاده میکنیم.Find and fix the mistake:
She works here for ten years.
has worked) با for برای نشون دادن مدت زمان داره.Translate into English: 'Hemos vivido en esta ciudad desde 2015.'
Answer starts with: ["W...
Desde 2015 به since 2015 ترجمه میشه چون یه نقطه شروعیه. Hemos vivido حال کامله.Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
for که مدت زمان رو میگه.Score: /4
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesI have lived in this apartment ___ 2010.
They have been married ___ forty years.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am a teacher since three years.
I started working here in January. (I have...)
1. ___ ages, 2. ___ I was a child, 3. ___ a long time, 4. ___ last night
A: How long have you had that dog? B: I've had him ___.
We use 'since' with a period of time, like 'five days'.
Which ones go with 'For'?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThey haven't visited their grandparents ___ Christmas.
How long ___ you been learning French?
We know him since 2010.
I haven't eaten for I woke up.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Él ha estado esperando el autobús durante veinte minutos.'
Translate into English: 'No he comido chocolate desde que era niño.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match each time expression with the correct word:
Match the beginnings with the correct endings:
Score: /12
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes, but it means the action is finished. `I lived there for two years` means you don't live there now. `I have lived there for two years` means you still do.
No, 'since' is almost exclusively used with the Present Perfect (or Past Perfect) in English to show a connection to a later time.
It is always `for a long time`. 'A long time' is a duration, not a specific point.
`For` tells you how long (duration). `During` tells you when (within a named event). Example: 'I slept for two hours during the flight.'
Technically yes, but it is much more natural to say `for five years`. 'Since' is better with dates or events.
Yes, for this specific rule of duration, the Present Perfect `have/has + past participle` is required.
Yes! `Ever since` is a common way to emphasize that something has been true from a specific point until now. 'I've loved pizza ever since I was a kid.'
In negative sentences, `in` is a common and natural substitute for `for` in informal English.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente + hace / desde
Spanish uses present tense; English uses present perfect.
Présent + depuis
French uses present tense for ongoing actions.
Präsens + seit
German uses one word (seit) for both points and durations.
~te iru + kara/aida
Japanese relies on aspect markers rather than a specific perfect tense.
Mudari' (Present) + mundhu
Arabic uses the present tense where English uses the perfect.
Verb + le + duration
Chinese uses aspect particles and word order instead of prepositions.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
07:45 Is it time to worry about bird flu?
08:12 You can help reverse the overdose epidemic
08:43 Why children get so many vaccines
Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect
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Master All 4 Present Tenses in 10 Min | English Grammar Lesson | Best Way To Learn English Tenses
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