B1 · मध्यवर्ती चैप्टर 21

Showing Humility: Humble Verbs and Actions

5 कुल नियम
52 उदाहरण
5 मिनट

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of humility and show deep respect to others using Korean humble verbs.

  • Replace common verbs with their humble counterparts.
  • Apply respectful language when interacting with superiors.
  • Navigate social etiquette through precise verb selection.
Speak with modesty, earn their respect.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Hey friend! Ever noticed how respectfully Koreans speak, especially when talking to elders or people in higher positions? In this chapter, you're going to learn how to weave that respect into your own speech, not just with formal endings, but with actual humble verbs unique to Korean! Here, you'll discover that when you're giving something to your professor or boss, you shouldn't just use the regular 주다; you need to use 드리다 to humbly lower your own status and show respect. Or, for instance, when you're asking a question to an elder, instead of 묻다, you'll use 여쭙다 or 여쭤보다. These aren't just words; they're essential ways to express modesty and respect that are deeply ingrained in Korean culture. Why does this matter? Because using these verbs correctly makes your conversations sound much more natural and fluent, demonstrating that you understand Korean etiquette. Imagine you're working at a Korean company and need to submit a report to your manager or ask an important question to a client. If you don't know these verbs, you might accidentally come across as disrespectful. Or perhaps you're talking about escorting your grandmother; instead of 데리다, you'll use 모시다 to maintain that proper deference. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently speak in formal settings and with superiors, ask questions, give things, or even accompany someone, all while sounding perfectly natural and respectful. Ready for more advanced Korean? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use '드리다' (deurida) instead of '주다' (juda) when giving objects to superiors.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use '여쭙다' (yeojjupda) to ask questions to elders.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Use '모시다' (mosida) to describe escorting someone you respect.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Welcome to a fascinating and crucial aspect of Korean grammar B1: humble verbs! If you’ve ever admired the polite and respectful way Koreans communicate, especially with elders or those in higher positions, you’re about to unlock one of their key secrets. This chapter isn't just about learning new words; it's about understanding and expressing deep cultural respect through your language.
Mastering these humble verbs will significantly elevate your fluency and make your conversations sound much more natural and authentic.
At the B1 Korean level, you're moving beyond basic survival phrases and starting to engage in more nuanced interactions. This is where humble verbs become indispensable. They allow you to subtly lower your own status or actions when interacting with a superior, thereby elevating theirs.
Think of it as a linguistic bow – a way to show deference without saying "I'm inferior." We'll focus on core verbs like 드리다 (to give), 여쭙다/여쭤보다 (to ask), and 모시다 (to take/serve), which are essential for polite communication in various contexts, from the workplace to family gatherings. Get ready to add a sophisticated layer of respect to your Korean grammar!

How This Grammar Works

In Korean, showing respect isn't just about using honorific endings; it's also embedded in specific verbs that express humility when you are the subject of the action and the action is directed towards a superior. Let's dive into the key humble verbs for this chapter.
1. 드리다 (To Give Respectfully / To Offer)
This verb is the humble equivalent of 주다 (to give). You use 드리다 when you are giving something *to* someone of a higher status (e.g., a teacher, boss, elder, or someone you wish to show deep respect to). It implies you are offering or presenting something with deference.
* 선생님께 선물을 드렸어요. (I gave a gift to the teacher.)
* 사장님께 보고서를 드릴게요. (I will submit the report to the CEO.)
* 어머니께 꽃을 드리고 싶어요. (I want to give flowers to my mother.)
2. 여쭙다 / 여쭤보다 (To Ask Respectfully)
These verbs are the humble equivalents of 묻다 (to ask). You use 여쭙다 or 여쭤보다 when you are asking a question *to* someone of higher status. While both are interchangeable in most situations, 여쭙다 can sometimes feel slightly more formal than 여쭤보다.
* 교수님께 질문을 여쭙고 싶습니다. (I would like to ask the professor a question.)
* 부장님께 의견을 여쭤봤어요. (I asked the manager for their opinion.)
* 할머니께 안부를 여쭤볼까요? (Shall I ask grandma how she's doing?)
3. 모시다 (To Take/Accompany/Serve Respectfully)
모시다 is a versatile humble verb. It can replace 데리다 (to take/accompany someone) when you are taking or accompanying someone of higher status. It also carries the nuance of serving or caring for someone respectfully, often used when referring to living with or looking after elders.
* 할머니를 병원에 모시고 갔어요. (I took my grandmother to the hospital.)
* 사장님을 회의실로 모시겠습니다. (I will escort the CEO to the meeting room.)
* 부모님을 모시고 살아요. (I live with and care for my parents.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 교수님께 질문을 물었어요.
Correct: 교수님께 질문을 여쭤봤어요.
*Explanation:* Using 묻다 (to ask) with a professor, who is a superior, can sound impolite. 여쭤보다 (or 여쭙다) is the humble form used to show respect when asking questions to elders or superiors.
  1. 1Wrong: 사장님께 서류를 줬어요.
Correct: 사장님께 서류를 드렸어요.
*Explanation:* When giving something to your boss (사장님), using the humble verb 드리다 instead of the regular 주다 is essential to convey respect and proper business etiquette.
  1. 1Wrong: 할아버지를 공원에 데리고 갔습니다.
Correct: 할아버지를 공원에 모시고 갔습니다.
*Explanation:* 데리다 is typically used for taking children or peers. When accompanying or taking an elder like a grandfather, 모시다 is the appropriate humble verb to show deference and care.

Real Conversations

A

A

부장님, 이 보고서 드리겠습니다. (Manager, I will give you this report.)
B

B

네, 수고했어요. (Yes, good work.)
A

A

죄송하지만, 한 가지 여쭤봐도 될까요? (Excuse me, but may I ask you one thing?)
B

B

네, 말씀하세요. (Yes, please speak.)
A

A

할머니를 어디까지 모셔다 드릴까요? (To where shall I escort grandmother?)
B

B

저기 지하철역까지 모셔다 주세요. (Please escort her to the subway station over there.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use 드리다 when giving something to a peer if I want to be extra polite?

Generally, 드리다 is reserved for superiors or elders. Using it with peers might sound overly formal or even a bit awkward, though it's not strictly wrong. Stick to 주다 for peers.

Q

Is 여쭙다 always more formal than 여쭤보다?

While 여쭙다 is often perceived as slightly more formal, both are highly respectful humble verbs and are largely interchangeable in modern Korean. 여쭤보다 is very common in everyday polite conversation.

Q

Are there other humble verbs I should know at the B1 level?

For B1 Korean, 드리다, 여쭙다/여쭤보다, and 모시다 are the most common and crucial humble verbs. Other humble verbs exist (like 뵙다 for to see), but these three form the core of showing humility in actions.

Q

What if I'm unsure if someone is a superior or not?

When in doubt, it's generally safer and more polite to use the humble verb. It's better to be overly respectful than to accidentally cause offense. As you gain more experience, you'll develop a better sense of social hierarchy.

Cultural Context

These humble verbs are deeply rooted in Korean society's emphasis on hierarchy and respect for elders and superiors. Using them correctly isn't just about Korean grammar; it's a demonstration of cultural understanding and good manners. They are frequently used in workplaces, when talking to teachers or professors, and especially within families when addressing parents or grandparents.
Mastering these verbs shows that you appreciate and honor the intricate social etiquette that underpins Korean communication.

मुख्य उदाहरण (8)

1

할머니께 전화를 드렸어요.

मैंने दादी जी को फोन किया।

सम्मानपूर्वक देना (드리다)
2

사장님, 이 서류를 드릴까요?

बॉस, क्या मैं आपको ये दस्तावेज़ दे दूँ?

सम्मानपूर्वक देना (드리다)
3

교수님, 질문 하나만 여쭤봐도 될까요?

प्रोफेसर, क्या मैं आपसे सिर्फ एक सवाल पूछ सकता हूँ?

विनम्रता से पूछना: `여쭙다` और `여쭤보다` का उपयोग कैसे करें
4

부장님께 일정을 여쭙겠습니다.

मैं मैनेजर से शेड्यूल के बारे में पूछूँगा।

विनम्रता से पूछना: `여쭙다` और `여쭤보다` का उपयोग कैसे करें
5

교수님께 하나만 여쭤봐ो 될까요?

प्रोफेसर, क्या मैं आपसे एक बात पूछ सकता हूँ?

सम्मानपूर्वक पूछना (여쭙다/여쭤보다)
6

사장님께 그 소식을 여쭤봤어요.

मैंने CEO से उस खबर के बारे में पूछा।

सम्मानपूर्वक पूछना (여쭙다/여쭤보다)
7

Sajangnim-eul gonghang-kkaji mosyeoda deuryeosseoyo.

मैंने बॉस को एयरपोर्ट तक पहुँचाया।

विनम्र क्रियाएँ: बड़ों को ले जाना और उनकी सेवा करना (모시다)
8

Halmeoni-reul mosigo byeongwon-e gayo.

मैं दादीजी को लेकर हॉस्पिटल जा रहा हूँ।

विनम्र क्रियाएँ: बड़ों को ले जाना और उनकी सेवा करना (모시다)

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

⚠️

खुद के लिए विनम्र न बनें

कभी भी '드리다' का इस्तेमाल खुद के लिए या अपने समूह के लिए न करें। आप खुद के प्रति विनम्र नहीं हो सकते। «친구에게 선물을 줬어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्र क्रियाएँ: बड़ों को देना (드리다)
🎯

सम्मान का बहाव

सम्मान को पानी की तरह समझो जो नीचे से ऊपर की ओर बहता है। जब तुम खुद से ऊंचे पद वाले को कुछ देते हो, तो '드리다' उस सम्मान को ऊपर ले जाता है: «부모님께 선물을 드려요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सम्मानपूर्वक देना (드리다)
🎯

नेचुरल साउंड करने के लिए

वैसे तो 여쭙다 सही है, पर बातचीत में 여쭤보다 ज़्यादा इस्तेमाल होता है क्योंकि 보다 इसे थोड़ा सॉफ्ट बना देता है: «선생님께 여쭤보세요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्रता से पूछना: `여쭙다` और `여쭤보다` का उपयोग कैसे करें
💬

'께' का नियम

हमेशा '여쭙다' के साथ '께' पार्टिकल लगाओ, '한테' नहीं। यह एक परफेक्ट जोड़ी है: «선생님께 여쭤보세요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सम्मानपूर्वक पूछना (여쭙다/여쭤보다)

मुख्य शब्दावली (6)

드리다 (deurida) to give (to a superior) 여쭙다 (yeojjupda) to ask (a superior) 모시다 (mosida) to escort/accompany (a superior) 선생님 (seonsaengnim) teacher/superior 보고서 (bogoseo) report 질문 (jilmun) question

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Meeting at the Office

Review Summary

  • Object + 에게/께 + 드리다
  • Object + 에 대해 + 여쭙다
  • Person + 을/를 + 모시다

सामान्य गलतियाँ

주다 is for friends. When talking to a teacher, use the humble verb 드리다.

Wrong: 선생님께 선물을 주었어요.
सही: 선생님께 선물을 드렸습니다.

데리다 is for friends or children. Use 모시다 when talking about elders.

Wrong: 할머니를 데리고 병원에 갔어요.
सही: 할머니를 모시고 병원에 갔습니다.

묻다/물어보다 is casual. Use the humble form for superiors.

Wrong: 질문을 물어봐요.
सही: 질문을 여쭤봐요.

इस अध्याय के नियम (5)

Next Steps

You've finished the level! Your Korean skills are now truly professional-grade. Keep practicing and stay confident.

Watch a K-Drama and identify humble verbs.

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

इस वाक्य में त्रुटि का पता लगाएं।

Find and fix the mistake:

어머니가 저에게 밥을 드렸어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어머니가 저에게 밥을 주셨어요.
माँ 'मुझसे' ज़्यादा उच्च स्थिति में हैं, इसलिए वह मुझे 주시다 (सम्मानित करती हैं), वह 'विनम्रता से नहीं देती' (드리다)। 드리다 केवल निम्न → उच्च के लिए है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्र क्रियाएँ: बड़ों को देना (드리다)

सही क्रिया रूप से रिक्त स्थान भरें।

저는 할아버지께 과일을 ___ (दिया)।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 드렸어요
चूंकि प्राप्तकर्ता 'दादाजी' (उच्च स्थिति) हैं, आपको विनम्र रूप 드렸어요 का उपयोग करना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्र क्रियाएँ: बड़ों को देना (드리다)

कौन सा वाक्य सामाजिक रूप से सही है?

आप अपने टीचर से अपने छोटे भाई के बारे में बात कर रहे हैं।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 제 동생을 데리고 왔어요.
चाहे आप टीचर से बात कर रहे हों, पर बात छोटे भाई की हो रही है, इसलिए '데리고' सही है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्र क्रियाएँ: बड़ों को ले जाना और उनकी सेवा करना (모시다)

अपने टीचर को तोहफा देते समय कौन सा वाक्य सही है?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님께 선물을 드려요.
टीचर को कुछ देते समय, आपको विनम्र क्रिया '드려요' और सम्मानजनक शब्द '께' का उपयोग करना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सम्मानपूर्वक देना (드리다)

गलती ढूंढें और सुधारें: '제가 사장님께 커피를 주셨어요.'

Find and fix the mistake:

वाक्य को सही करें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 제가 사장님께 커피를 드렸어요.
अगर 'मैं' (제) बॉस (사장님) को कुछ दे रहा हूँ, तो विनम्र क्रिया '드렸어요' का उपयोग होना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सम्मानपूर्वक देना (드리다)

इस फॉर्मल वाक्य में गलती ढूंढें और उसे ठीक करें।

Find and fix the mistake:

부장님, 내일 회의 시간을 물어봤어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 부장님, 내일 회의 시간을 여쭤봤어요.
जब आप मैनेजर (부장님) जैसे सीनियर को रिपोर्ट दे रहे हों, तो '여쭤봤어요' का इस्तेमाल करना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्रता से पूछना: `여쭙다` और `여쭤보다` का उपयोग कैसे करें

'पूछने' के सही विनम्र रूप से खाली जगह भरें।

모르는 것이 있으면 선배님께 ( ).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 여쭤봐요
चूंकि आप सीनियर (선배님) से बात कर रहे हैं, इसलिए '여쭤봐요' सही विनम्र चुनाव है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्रता से पूछना: `여쭙다` और `여쭤보다` का उपयोग कैसे करें

सही क्रिया चुनें।

मैं दादाजी को पार्क ले जा रहा हूँ। 할아버지를 공원에 ___ 가요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 모시고
दादाजी बड़े हैं, इसलिए विनम्र रूप '모시다' (यहाँ '모시고') का इस्तेमाल होगा।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्र क्रियाएँ: बड़ों को ले जाना और उनकी सेवा करना (모시다)

अपने प्रोफेसर से सवाल पूछने के लिए कौन सा वाक्य सही है?

교수님께 질문을 하고 싶을 때:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 교수님, 질문 하나 여쭤봐도 될까요?
प्रोफेसर के लिए आपको विनम्र रूप '여쭤보다' और पोलाइट एंडिंग '-ㄹ까요' का इस्तेमाल करना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विनम्रता से पूछना: `여쭙다` और `여쭤보다` का उपयोग कैसे करें

किसी बुजुर्ग की मदद करने के लिए खाली जगह भरें।

짐을 들어 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 드릴게요
'-어/아 드릴게요' का उपयोग किसी ऊंचे पद या उम्र वाले व्यक्ति को मदद ऑफर करने के लिए किया जाता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सम्मानपूर्वक देना (드리다)

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

주다 'देना' के लिए मानक क्रिया है, जिसका प्रयोग दोस्तों या समान/निम्न स्थिति वाले लोगों के साथ किया जाता है। 드리다 विनम्र रूप है, जिसका प्रयोग उच्च स्थिति वाले व्यक्ति को कुछ देते समय किया जाता है।
आम तौर पर, नहीं। करीबी दोस्तों के साथ इसका उपयोग व्यंग्यात्मक या अजीब तरह से दूरी भरा लगता है। हालाँकि, आप इसे नाटकीय होने के लिए चंचल रूप से उपयोग करते हुए सुन सकते हैं।
हाँ, बिल्कुल! यह पहली बार में अच्छा प्रभाव डालने का सबसे अच्छा तरीका है। जब उन्हें कोई गिफ्ट दें या मदद की पेशकश करें, तो कहें: «도와 드릴게요»।
ईमेल में '주다' एक आदेश जैसा लग सकता है। '드리다' दिखाता है कि आप सामने वाले के समय और पद का सम्मान करते हैं। प्रोफेसर या मैनेजर के लिए हमेशा «드리다» का ही प्रयोग करें।
묻다 बराबरी वालों या छोटों के लिए है, जबकि 여쭙다 बड़ों के लिए विनम्र शब्द है। जैसे: «친구에게 물어봐» बनाम «선생님께 여쭤봐»।
आम बातचीत में 여쭤보다 ज़्यादा नेचुरल है। 여쭙다 ज़्यादातर फॉर्मल राइटिंग में इस्तेमाल होता है, जैसे: «말씀 좀 여쭙겠습니다»।