B1 · Intermédiaire Chapitre 21

Showing Humility: Humble Verbs and Actions

5 Règles totales
52 exemples
5 min
Règles dans ce chapitre Pratique rapide

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of humility and show deep respect to others using Korean humble verbs.

  • Replace common verbs with their humble counterparts.
  • Apply respectful language when interacting with superiors.
  • Navigate social etiquette through precise verb selection.
Speak with modesty, earn their respect.

Ce que tu vas apprendre

Hey friend! Ever noticed how respectfully Koreans speak, especially when talking to elders or people in higher positions? In this chapter, you're going to learn how to weave that respect into your own speech, not just with formal endings, but with actual humble verbs unique to Korean! Here, you'll discover that when you're giving something to your professor or boss, you shouldn't just use the regular 주다; you need to use 드리다 to humbly lower your own status and show respect. Or, for instance, when you're asking a question to an elder, instead of 묻다, you'll use 여쭙다 or 여쭤보다. These aren't just words; they're essential ways to express modesty and respect that are deeply ingrained in Korean culture. Why does this matter? Because using these verbs correctly makes your conversations sound much more natural and fluent, demonstrating that you understand Korean etiquette. Imagine you're working at a Korean company and need to submit a report to your manager or ask an important question to a client. If you don't know these verbs, you might accidentally come across as disrespectful. Or perhaps you're talking about escorting your grandmother; instead of 데리다, you'll use 모시다 to maintain that proper deference. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to confidently speak in formal settings and with superiors, ask questions, give things, or even accompany someone, all while sounding perfectly natural and respectful. Ready for more advanced Korean? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use '드리다' (deurida) instead of '주다' (juda) when giving objects to superiors.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use '여쭙다' (yeojjupda) to ask questions to elders.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Use '모시다' (mosida) to describe escorting someone you respect.

Guide du chapitre

Overview

Welcome to a fascinating and crucial aspect of Korean grammar B1: humble verbs! If you’ve ever admired the polite and respectful way Koreans communicate, especially with elders or those in higher positions, you’re about to unlock one of their key secrets. This chapter isn't just about learning new words; it's about understanding and expressing deep cultural respect through your language.
Mastering these humble verbs will significantly elevate your fluency and make your conversations sound much more natural and authentic.
At the B1 Korean level, you're moving beyond basic survival phrases and starting to engage in more nuanced interactions. This is where humble verbs become indispensable. They allow you to subtly lower your own status or actions when interacting with a superior, thereby elevating theirs.
Think of it as a linguistic bow – a way to show deference without saying "I'm inferior." We'll focus on core verbs like 드리다 (to give), 여쭙다/여쭤보다 (to ask), and 모시다 (to take/serve), which are essential for polite communication in various contexts, from the workplace to family gatherings. Get ready to add a sophisticated layer of respect to your Korean grammar!

How This Grammar Works

In Korean, showing respect isn't just about using honorific endings; it's also embedded in specific verbs that express humility when you are the subject of the action and the action is directed towards a superior. Let's dive into the key humble verbs for this chapter.
1. 드리다 (To Give Respectfully / To Offer)
This verb is the humble equivalent of 주다 (to give). You use 드리다 when you are giving something *to* someone of a higher status (e.g., a teacher, boss, elder, or someone you wish to show deep respect to). It implies you are offering or presenting something with deference.
* 선생님께 선물을 드렸어요. (I gave a gift to the teacher.)
* 사장님께 보고서를 드릴게요. (I will submit the report to the CEO.)
* 어머니께 꽃을 드리고 싶어요. (I want to give flowers to my mother.)
2. 여쭙다 / 여쭤보다 (To Ask Respectfully)
These verbs are the humble equivalents of 묻다 (to ask). You use 여쭙다 or 여쭤보다 when you are asking a question *to* someone of higher status. While both are interchangeable in most situations, 여쭙다 can sometimes feel slightly more formal than 여쭤보다.
* 교수님께 질문을 여쭙고 싶습니다. (I would like to ask the professor a question.)
* 부장님께 의견을 여쭤봤어요. (I asked the manager for their opinion.)
* 할머니께 안부를 여쭤볼까요? (Shall I ask grandma how she's doing?)
3. 모시다 (To Take/Accompany/Serve Respectfully)
모시다 is a versatile humble verb. It can replace 데리다 (to take/accompany someone) when you are taking or accompanying someone of higher status. It also carries the nuance of serving or caring for someone respectfully, often used when referring to living with or looking after elders.
* 할머니를 병원에 모시고 갔어요. (I took my grandmother to the hospital.)
* 사장님을 회의실로 모시겠습니다. (I will escort the CEO to the meeting room.)
* 부모님을 모시고 살아요. (I live with and care for my parents.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 교수님께 질문을 물었어요.
✓ Correct: 교수님께 질문을 여쭤봤어요.
*Explanation:* Using 묻다 (to ask) with a professor, who is a superior, can sound impolite. 여쭤보다 (or 여쭙다) is the humble form used to show respect when asking questions to elders or superiors.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 사장님께 서류를 줬어요.
✓ Correct: 사장님께 서류를 드렸어요.
*Explanation:* When giving something to your boss (사장님), using the humble verb 드리다 instead of the regular 주다 is essential to convey respect and proper business etiquette.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 할아버지를 공원에 데리고 갔습니다.
✓ Correct: 할아버지를 공원에 모시고 갔습니다.
*Explanation:* 데리다 is typically used for taking children or peers. When accompanying or taking an elder like a grandfather, 모시다 is the appropriate humble verb to show deference and care.

Real Conversations

A

A

부장님, 이 보고서 드리겠습니다. (Manager, I will give you this report.)
B

B

네, 수고했어요. (Yes, good work.)
A

A

죄송하지만, 한 가지 여쭤봐도 될까요? (Excuse me, but may I ask you one thing?)
B

B

네, 말씀하세요. (Yes, please speak.)
A

A

할머니를 어디까지 모셔다 드릴까요? (To where shall I escort grandmother?)
B

B

저기 지하철역까지 모셔다 주세요. (Please escort her to the subway station over there.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use 드리다 when giving something to a peer if I want to be extra polite?

Generally, 드리다 is reserved for superiors or elders. Using it with peers might sound overly formal or even a bit awkward, though it's not strictly wrong. Stick to 주다 for peers.

Q

Is 여쭙다 always more formal than 여쭤보다?

While 여쭙다 is often perceived as slightly more formal, both are highly respectful humble verbs and are largely interchangeable in modern Korean. 여쭤보다 is very common in everyday polite conversation.

Q

Are there other humble verbs I should know at the B1 level?

For B1 Korean, 드리다, 여쭙다/여쭤보다, and 모시다 are the most common and crucial humble verbs. Other humble verbs exist (like 뵙다 for to see), but these three form the core of showing humility in actions.

Q

What if I'm unsure if someone is a superior or not?

When in doubt, it's generally safer and more polite to use the humble verb. It's better to be overly respectful than to accidentally cause offense. As you gain more experience, you'll develop a better sense of social hierarchy.

Cultural Context

These humble verbs are deeply rooted in Korean society's emphasis on hierarchy and respect for elders and superiors. Using them correctly isn't just about Korean grammar; it's a demonstration of cultural understanding and good manners. They are frequently used in workplaces, when talking to teachers or professors, and especially within families when addressing parents or grandparents.
Mastering these verbs shows that you appreciate and honor the intricate social etiquette that underpins Korean communication.

Exemples clés (4)

1

할머니께 예쁜 선물을 드렸어요.

J'ai donné un beau cadeau à ma grand-mère.

Verbes humbles : Donner aux supérieurs (드리다)
2

사장님, 커피 여기 있습니다. 드세요.

Patron, voici votre café. S'il vous plaît, buvez.

Verbes humbles : Donner aux supérieurs (드리다)
3

할머니께 전화를 드렸어요.

J'ai passé un coup de fil à ma grand-mère.

Donner avec respect (드리다)
4

사장님, 이 서류를 드릴까요?

Monsieur le directeur, puis-je vous donner ces documents ?

Donner avec respect (드리다)

Conseils et astuces (4)

⚠️

Ne sois pas humble avec toi-même

N'utilise jamais 드리다 quand tu es le receveur. On ne peut pas être humble envers soi-même, c'est bizarre ! Dis plutôt : «저는 나한테 물을 줬어.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbes humbles : Donner aux supérieurs (드리다)
🎯

Le secret de la direction

Imagine le respect comme de l'eau. Pour qu'elle monte vers un supérieur, il faut faire un effort : c'est «드리다». «주다» reste pour les amis.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Donner avec respect (드리다)
🎯

Le choix de la douceur

Même si 여쭙다 est correct, 여쭤보다 est plus fréquent car le suffixe -보다 rend la demande moins directe : «잠시 여쭤봐도 될까요?»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Poser une question avec respect : utiliser `여쭙다` et `여쭤보다`
💬

Le duo inséparable

Pense à toujours coupler '여쭙다' avec '께' au lieu de '한테'. C'est le pack complet de la politesse ! «할머니께 길을 여쭤봤어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Demander avec respect (여쭙다/여쭤보다)

Vocabulaire clé (6)

드리다 (deurida) to give (to a superior) 여쭙다 (yeojjupda) to ask (a superior) 모시다 (mosida) to escort/accompany (a superior) 선생님 (seonsaengnim) teacher/superior 보고서 (bogoseo) report 질문 (jilmun) question

Real-World Preview

briefcase

Meeting at the Office

Review Summary

  • Object + 에게/께 + 드리다
  • Object + 에 대해 + 여쭙다
  • Person + 을/를 + 모시다

Erreurs courantes

주다 is for friends. When talking to a teacher, use the humble verb 드리다.

Wrong: 선생님께 선물을 주었어요.
Correct: 선생님께 선물을 드렸습니다.

데리다 is for friends or children. Use 모시다 when talking about elders.

Wrong: 할머니를 데리고 병원에 갔어요.
Correct: 할머니를 모시고 병원에 갔습니다.

묻다/물어보다 is casual. Use the humble form for superiors.

Wrong: 질문을 물어봐요.
Correct: 질문을 여쭤봐요.

Next Steps

You've finished the level! Your Korean skills are now truly professional-grade. Keep practicing and stay confident.

Watch a K-Drama and identify humble verbs.

Continue to: Professional Comparisons and Proportions

Pratique rapide (9)

Trouve l'erreur : '제가 사장님께 커피를 주셨어요.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Corrige la phrase :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 제가 사장님께 커피를 드렸어요.
Si 'Je' (제) donne au 'Patron' (사장님), il faut utiliser le verbe humble '드렸어요'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Donner avec respect (드리다)

Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans cette phrase formelle.

Find and fix the mistake:

부장님, 내일 회의 시간을 물어봤어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 부장님, 내일 회의 시간을 여쭤봤어요.
Tu dois utiliser '여쭤봤어요' quand tu rapportes que tu as posé une question à un supérieur comme un manager (부장님).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Poser une question avec respect : utiliser `여쭙다` et `여쭤보다`

Quelle phrase est appropriée pour poser une question à ton professeur ?

교수님께 질문을 하고 싶을 때:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 교수님, 질문 하나 여쭤봐도 될까요?
Tu dois utiliser la forme humble '여쭤보다' et la terminaison polie '-ㄹ까요' pour un professeur.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Poser une question avec respect : utiliser `여쭙다` et `여쭤보다`

Complète la phrase avec la bonne forme verbale.

저는 할아버지께 과일을 ___ (gave).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 드렸어요
Comme le receveur est le 'grand-père' (statut élevé), tu dois utiliser la forme humble 드렸어요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbes humbles : Donner aux supérieurs (드리다)

Remplis le vide avec la forme humble correcte de 'demander'.

모르는 것이 있으면 선배님께 ( ).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 여쭤봐요
Comme la cible est un aîné (선배님), '여쭤봐요' est le choix humble correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Poser une question avec respect : utiliser `여쭙다` et `여쭤보다`

Trouve l'erreur dans cette phrase.

어머니가 저에게 밥을 드렸어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어머니가 저에게 밥을 주셨어요.
Maman a un statut plus élevé que 'moi', donc elle m'honore avec 주시다. Elle ne peut pas se faire 'humble' envers son enfant.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbes humbles : Donner aux supérieurs (드리다)

Quelle phrase est correcte pour offrir un cadeau à ton professeur ?

Choisis la bonne phrase :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님께 선물을 드려요.
Pour un professeur, tu dois utiliser le verbe humble '드려요' et la particule de respect '께'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Donner avec respect (드리다)

Quelle phrase est socialement correcte ?

Choisis la bonne phrase pour parler à un client.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 제가 봉투에 넣어 드릴게요.
Face à un client, on utilise l'auxiliaire humble ~아/어 드릴게요 pour proposer un service.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbes humbles : Donner aux supérieurs (드리다)

Complète pour proposer ton aide à une personne âgée.

짐을 들어 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 드릴게요
'-어/아 드릴게요' sert à proposer un service à quelqu'un de plus âgé ou de plus haut rang.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Donner avec respect (드리다)

Score: /9

Questions fréquentes (6)

주다 est le verbe standard pour 'donner'. 드리다 est sa version humble, à utiliser quand tu donnes à quelqu'un de plus important, comme dans «저는 선생님께 선물을 드렸어요».
En général, non. Ça sonne sarcastique ou bizarrement distant. Reste sur 주다 avec tes proches.
Oui, absolument ! C'est la meilleure façon de faire bonne impression. Utilise-le pour un cadeau ou pour aider : «도와 드릴게요».
Dans un mail, «주다» sonne comme un ordre ou un mot à un pote. «드리다» montre que tu respectes le temps de ton interlocuteur.
묻다 est le verbe de base pour tes amis ou les plus jeunes. 여쭙다 est la version humble pour tes supérieurs : «선생님께 여쭤보세요.»
여쭤보다 s'utilise presque partout à l'oral. 여쭙겠습니다 est plutôt réservé à l'écrit formel : «여쭤봐도 될까요?» est plus naturel.
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Polite Vocabulary: Honorific Nouns
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