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A2 verb #2,000 सबसे आम 7 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

吃惊

chijing शीर्ष 2,000

At the A1 level, you should recognize '吃惊' as a word meaning 'surprised.' You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember that it is a way to express how you feel when something unexpected happens. For example, if you see a very tall person, you might say '我很吃惊.' It is a useful word for basic reactions in simple conversations. You will mostly see it in the form '很吃惊' (very surprised) or '不吃惊' (not surprised). Focus on the sound 'chī jīng' and associate it with the wide-eyed emoji. It is one of the first emotional verbs you learn after '高兴' (happy) and '生气' (angry). Even at this level, try to notice that it's made of two parts: 'eat' and 'surprise.' This makes it easier to remember. Don't worry about the 'separable verb' rules yet; just treat it as a single unit of meaning. You might hear a teacher say '我很吃惊，你今天来得这么早!' (I'm surprised you came so early today!). This is a perfect example of A1 usage.

At the A2 level, you begin to learn the unique grammatical structure of '吃惊.' You should understand that it is a separable verb (离合词). This means you can put '了' in the middle: '吃惊了' is okay, but '吃了一惊' is much more common and sounds more native. You should also learn the basic sentence pattern '让/使...吃惊' (to make someone surprised). For example, '他的话让我很吃惊.' This is the correct way to say 'His words surprised me.' You are moving away from simple 'Subject + 很 + 吃惊' patterns and starting to use it in more dynamic ways. You should also be able to distinguish it from '吓一跳' (scared/startled). '吃惊' is more about the mind, while '吓一跳' is more about the body jumping. At A2, you are expected to use '吃惊' to react to news, grades, or weather changes. It's a key word for social interaction in Mandarin, helping you show that you are following the conversation. Practice saying '大吃一惊' as a set phrase for when you are very surprised.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '吃惊' in complex sentences and understanding its nuances compared to synonyms like '惊讶' (jīngyà). You should use the '对...感到吃惊' pattern frequently. This shows a higher level of grammatical control. For instance, '我对这个结果感到非常吃惊' (I feel very surprised at this result). You should also understand that '吃惊' is generally more colloquial than '惊讶.' In your writing, you might choose '惊讶' to sound more formal, but in your speaking, '吃惊' or '吃了一惊' will sound more natural. You should also start to recognize '吃惊' in written texts like short stories or news reports, where it might be used to describe a character's reaction to a plot twist. You should also know how to use it with duration or frequency, like '吃了几次惊' (was surprised several times), although this is rare. The focus at B1 is on precision: knowing exactly where to place the word in a sentence and which prepositions (like '对') to pair it with.

At the B2 level, you should have a deep understanding of the 'separable verb' mechanics of '吃惊.' You can use it fluently in various structures, such as '吃了一大惊' (took a great surprise) or '令人吃惊的是...' (What is surprising is...). You should be able to use it to discuss more abstract concepts, like being surprised by a social trend or a philosophical argument. At this level, you should also be able to compare '吃惊' with '震惊' (zhènjīng - shocked). You understand that '震惊' is reserved for much more serious or large-scale events. Your vocabulary should also include related idioms or four-character phrases. You can use '吃惊' to add flavor to your storytelling, using it to pace the narrative. For example, '就在那时，发生了一件让他大吃一惊的事' (Just then, something happened that gave him a great surprise). You should also be aware of the register; '吃惊' is versatile, but you know when a more specific word like '愕然' (èrán - stunned) might be more appropriate in literary contexts.

At the C1 level, you use '吃惊' with the ease of a native speaker, recognizing its subtle connotations in different contexts. You understand how it functions in classical-leaning modern prose and can identify when it is being used ironically or for emphasis. You are proficient in using the 'separable' aspect to create rhythmic balance in your sentences. You also understand the psychological depth the word can imply—not just a simple shock, but a disruption of expectations. You can use it in academic discussions to describe unexpected findings: '这一实验结果确实令人吃惊，因为它挑战了现有的理论' (This experimental result is indeed surprising because it challenges existing theories). You are also familiar with how '吃惊' appears in fixed expressions and can use it to express a range of emotions from disbelief to admiration. Your ability to use '吃惊' correctly in the 'V-O' structure is flawless, and you can even play with the structure for rhetorical effect in advanced writing.

At the C2 level, '吃惊' is a tool you use with complete mastery. You understand its historical development from the individual characters '吃' and '惊' and how this metaphor of 'consuming shock' fits into the broader landscape of Chinese emotional expression. You can use it in highly sophisticated ways, perhaps in literary criticism or high-level diplomatic discourse, to describe the nuances of reaction. You are aware of regional variations in how surprise is expressed and can distinguish between the standard '吃惊' and more local or archaic equivalents. You can write long, complex essays where '吃惊' is used to analyze human behavior or societal shifts. Your use of the word is perfectly calibrated to the tone and register of the situation. You might even use it to explain the 'untranslatable' aspects of Chinese emotional verbs to others. At this level, the word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a nuanced instrument for expressing the complex interplay between the self and the unexpected world.

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

吃惊 30 सेकंड में

吃惊 (chījīng) is an A2-level verb meaning 'to be surprised.'
It is a separable verb, often appearing as '吃了一惊' in natural speech.
It is intransitive; use '让/使...吃惊' to say something surprised someone.
Commonly paired with '对...感到' to specify the cause of the surprise.

The term 吃惊 (chījīng) is a fascinating linguistic construction in Mandarin Chinese that literally translates to 'eating surprise' or 'eating fright.' This visceral metaphor suggests that surprise is something one takes in internally, almost like a physical sensation that consumes the individual for a moment. In its most basic sense, it describes the emotional state of being startled or taken aback by something unexpected. Unlike simple adjectives, this is a verb-object compound, which gives it a dynamic quality in sentences.

Etymological Root: The character 吃 (chī) means to eat, but in ancient and colloquial Chinese, it also implies experiencing or suffering something (like 吃苦 - to eat bitterness). 惊 (jīng) refers to fear, shock, or alarm. Together, they represent the act of being struck by an unexpected event.

听到这个消息，我非常吃惊。(Hearing this news, I was very surprised.)

In a broader context, 吃惊 covers a range of intensity from mild surprise to profound shock. However, it is generally used for things that are sudden. If you find a ten-dollar bill on the ground, you might be 吃惊. If you find out a friend has been keeping a massive secret, you would definitely be 吃惊. It is an essential part of the A2 vocabulary because it allows learners to express reactions to the world around them.

Usage Intensity: While '惊讶' (jīngyà) is more formal and often used as an adjective, '吃惊' is more colloquial and emphasizes the reaction itself. It is the 'go-to' word for everyday shock.

他的进步快得让人吃惊。(His progress is so fast it makes people surprised.)

Cultural Nuance: In Chinese culture, expressing surprise can be a way of showing interest or validation. Saying '我很吃惊' when someone tells you a story shows you are actively listening and engaged with their narrative.

Understanding the grammar of 吃惊 is crucial because it is a 'separable verb' (离合词 - líhécí). This means the two characters can split apart to accommodate other words, particularly markers of duration or degree. This is one of the most common hurdles for A2 and B1 learners.

The Separable Structure: You can insert '了' (le) or '一' (yī) between 吃 and 惊. For example, '吃了一惊' (chīle yī jīng) means 'took a surprise' or 'was startled for a moment.' This is much more common in spoken Chinese than just saying '吃惊了'.

大家都被这个消息吃了一惊。(Everyone was startled by this news.)

Because it is an intransitive verb, you cannot say '我吃惊他' (I surprised him). To express that something caused you surprise, you must use specific patterns like '对...感到吃惊' (feel surprised towards...) or '让/使...吃惊' (make... surprised).

Common Pattern 1: 对...感到吃惊: Structure: Subject + 对 + Object + 感到 + 吃惊. Example: 我对他没来感到吃惊 (I feel surprised that he didn't come).

看到成绩单，他大吃一惊。(Seeing the report card, he was greatly surprised.)

Common Pattern 2: 令人吃惊: Structure: Something + 令人/让人 + 吃惊. This translates to 'Something is surprising/astonishing.' It functions like an adjective phrase.

You will encounter 吃惊 in almost every facet of Chinese life, from dramatic TV shows to mundane office conversations. It is a high-frequency word because humans are naturally reactive to change and the unexpected.

In Daily Conversation: Friends often use it to react to gossip or sudden plans. '你结婚了？我真吃惊！' (You got married? I'm really surprised!). It adds emotional weight to the reaction.

“你居然认识他？” “我也很吃惊。” ('You actually know him?' 'I'm also very surprised.')

In news media and journalism, '令人吃惊' is a standard way to describe shocking statistics or unexpected political developments. You might see headlines like '令人吃惊的数据' (Surprising data) or '这一决定让世界吃惊' (This decision surprised the world). Here, it takes on a more objective, descriptive tone.

In Literature and Storytelling: Authors use '吃惊' to describe a character's internal state. It is often paired with physical descriptions, such as '瞪大了眼睛，感到十分吃惊' (eyes widened, feeling extremely surprised).

别表现得那么吃惊，这很正常。(Don't act so surprised; this is normal.)

Business Context: In meetings, it might be used to describe market shifts. '市场的反应让我们感到吃惊' (The market's reaction made us feel surprised). It sounds professional yet expressive.

Even though 吃惊 seems simple, its status as a separable verb and its specific grammatical requirements lead to several frequent errors for non-native speakers.

Mistake 1: Using it as a Transitive Verb: Incorrect: *这件事吃惊了我 (This matter surprised me). Correct: 这件事让我很吃惊. Remember, '吃惊' is something you feel, not something you do directly to an object.

错误：他吃惊了我。正确：他让我感到吃惊。

Another common error involves the placement of degree adverbs like '很' (hěn) or '非常' (fēicháng). While you can say '我很吃惊', it is grammatically more robust to say '我感到很吃惊'. This is because '吃惊' is technically a verb, and '感到' (feel) helps bridge it to the adverb.

Mistake 2: Forgetting the Separable Nature: Incorrect: *吃惊了一次 (Surprised once). Correct: 吃了一惊. When counting instances of surprise or adding aspect markers, they must go between '吃' and '惊'.

错误：我对那个消息吃惊。正确：我对那个消息感到吃惊。

Mistake 3: Confusing with '惊讶' (jīngyà): While similar, '惊讶' is more of an adjective. You can say '惊讶的神情' (a surprised look), but you wouldn't usually say '吃惊的神情' in formal writing. '吃惊' is more about the internal reaction.

Mandarin has several words for surprise, each with its own nuance and grammatical profile. Distinguishing between them is a sign of an advanced learner.

吃惊 vs. 惊讶 (jīngyà): '吃惊' is a verb-object compound, colloquial, and emphasizes the shock. '惊讶' is an adjective, more formal, and describes the state of wonder or amazement. You can say '我很惊讶', but '我吃了一惊' is more natural for a sudden shock.

他的话让我大吃一惊。(His words gave me a great surprise.) vs. 他的话让我很惊讶。(His words made me very amazed.)

Then there is 震惊 (zhènjīng), which is much stronger. While '吃惊' is 'surprised,' '震惊' is 'shocked' or 'appalled.' It is used for major events like disasters, scandals, or massive breakthroughs.

吃惊 vs. 震惊: If a friend brings a dog home, you are '吃惊'. If a friend reveals they are a secret agent, you are '震惊'. '震惊' has a sense of being 'shaken' (震).

你吓了我一跳！(You gave me a startle/fright!)

吃惊 vs. 意外 (yìwài): '意外' means 'unexpected' or 'accident.' It is often used as an adjective or noun. '我很意外' means 'I didn't expect this.' '吃惊' focuses on the emotional reaction, while '意外' focuses on the fact that it wasn't planned.

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

अनौपचारिक

कठिनाई स्तर

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

我很吃惊。

I am very surprised.

Simple Subject + Adverb + Verb structure.

他不吃惊。

He is not surprised.

Negation using '不'.

你吃惊吗？

Are you surprised?

Question form using '吗'.

老师很吃惊。

The teacher is very surprised.

Noun as subject.

看到你，我很吃惊。

Seeing you, I am very surprised.

Verb phrase as a condition.

那个大苹果让我吃惊。

That big apple surprised me.

Using '让' to mean 'make'.

大家都很吃惊。

Everyone is very surprised.

Collective subject '大家'.

我不吃惊，我知道这件事。

I'm not surprised; I knew about this.

Compound sentence.

他吃了一惊。

He was startled.

Separable verb with '了' and '一'.

这个消息让我大吃一惊。

This news gave me a great surprise.

Common idiom '大吃一惊'.

你为什么感到吃惊？

Why do you feel surprised?

Using '感到' with '吃惊'.

他的进步让人吃惊。

His progress is surprising.

Resultative use of '让人'.

我对他的话感到吃惊。

I feel surprised at his words.

Prepositional phrase '对...感到'.

别吃惊，这只是个玩笑。

Don't be surprised; it's just a joke.

Imperative '别'.

听到他的名字，我吃了一惊。

Hearing his name, I was startled.

Time clause + separable verb.

这件事真让人吃惊。

This matter is truly surprising.

Adverb '真' emphasizing the feeling.

令人吃惊的是，他竟然赢了。

What's surprising is that he actually won.

Phrase '令人吃惊的是' used as a sentence starter.

我们都对他突然离开感到吃惊。

We were all surprised by his sudden departure.

Complex object in the '对...' phrase.

他表现得非常镇定，一点也不吃惊。

He acted very calm, not surprised at all.

Using '一点也不' for strong negation.

这个结果确实挺让人吃惊的。

This result is indeed quite surprising.

Using '挺...的' for moderate emphasis.

你这么说，我反而不吃惊了。

Since you say that, I'm actually not surprised anymore.

Using '反而' to show a counter-intuitive result.

看到那样的景象，谁都会吃惊。

Seeing such a sight, anyone would be surprised.

Rhetorical '谁都会'.

他故意装出吃惊的样子。

He deliberately put on a surprised look.

Using '吃惊' as an attributive for '样子'.

我吃惊得说不出话来。

I was so surprised I couldn't speak.

Degree complement '得' showing the result.

他的决定虽然令人吃惊，但也在情理之中。

Although his decision was surprising, it was also reasonable.

Concessive clause '虽然...但'.

全城的人都为这个消息大吃一惊。

The whole city was greatly surprised by this news.

Using '为' as a cause marker.

这种变化的速度快得令人吃惊。

The speed of this change is surprisingly fast.

Adjective + '得令人吃惊' as a degree complement.

我本以为他会生气，没想到他竟然一点也不吃惊。

I thought he would be angry, but surprisingly he wasn't shocked at all.

Contrast between '本以为' and '没想到'.

他对我的出现似乎并不感到吃惊。

He didn't seem to feel surprised by my appearance.

Using '似乎' and '并不' for nuance.

令人吃惊的不仅是他的才华，还有他的勤奋。

What is surprising is not only his talent but also his diligence.

Not only... but also structure.

这件事在当时引起了不小的吃惊。

This matter caused quite a surprise at the time.

Using '吃惊' as a noun-like object of '引起'.

他那副大吃一惊的表情我永远忘不了。

I'll never forget that look of great surprise on his face.

Complex noun phrase as object.

面对如此巨大的变故，他竟然面无惧色，毫无吃惊之意。

Facing such a huge upheaval, he showed no fear and no sign of surprise.

Formal literary style with '之意'.

这一发现之重大，足以令整个科学界为之吃惊。

The significance of this discovery is enough to surprise the entire scientific community.

Using '之' and '为之' in a formal structure.

他那番话里透出的冷漠，着实让我吃了一惊。

The indifference revealed in his words really gave me a startle.

Using '着实' for strong emphasis in a literary context.

我们不必为他的失败感到吃惊，因为他从未真正努力过。

We need not feel surprised by his failure, for he never truly tried.

Logical deduction using '不必' and '因为'.

这种技术的普及速度之快，确实令人吃惊。

The speed at which this technology has spread is indeed surprising.

Abstract subject with '之快'.

他并没有表现出我预料中的那种吃惊。

He did not show the kind of surprise I had anticipated.

Relative clause '我预料中的'.

令人吃惊的是，他竟然在这么短的时间内完成了任务。

Surprisingly, he actually completed the task in such a short time.

Emphasis on the '竟然' (unexpectedly).

虽然他嘴上说不吃惊，但眼神里却藏不住那份诧异。

Although he said he wasn't surprised, he couldn't hide the astonishment in his eyes.

Contrast between speech and physical signs.

其结果之诡谲，纵使是经验最丰富的观察家也会大吃一惊。

The outcome was so bizarre that even the most experienced observers would be greatly surprised.

High-level literary vocabulary like '诡谲' and '纵使'.

他那泰然自若的神情下，是否也曾有过一丝吃惊？

Under that composed expression, was there ever a hint of surprise?

Rhetorical question with '是否也曾'.

这种现象的背后，隐藏着令人吃惊的社会逻辑。

Behind this phenomenon lies a surprising social logic.

Using '吃惊' to describe abstract academic concepts.

他对于权力的渴望到了令人吃惊的程度。

His thirst for power reached a surprising degree.

Describing the extent of a trait.

这一政策的出台，无疑在国际社会引起了巨大的吃惊与反思。

The introduction of this policy undoubtedly caused great surprise and reflection in the international community.

Using '吃惊' as a formal noun in a diplomatic context.

他那番宏论博大精深，令在座的学者无不吃惊。

His grand discourse was so profound that every scholar present was surprised.

Double negative '无不' for 'everyone'.

我们对自然的破坏程度已到了令人吃惊的地步。

The extent of our destruction of nature has reached a surprising level.

Using '地步' to mean 'extent' or 'stage'.

他竟然能将这两个完全不同的概念结合在一起，实在令人吃惊。

That he could combine these two completely different concepts is truly surprising.

Evaluation of intellectual creativity.

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

大吃一惊

感到吃惊

令人吃惊

让人吃惊

吃了一惊

非常吃惊

十分吃惊

一点也不吃惊

并不吃惊

有些吃惊

सामान्य वाक्यांश

大吃一惊

吃了一惊

令人吃惊

感到吃惊

没什么好吃惊的

吃惊的神情

吃惊的样子

吃惊不小

真叫人吃惊

表现得吃惊

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

吃惊 vs 惊讶 (more formal/adjective)

吃惊 vs 震惊 (much stronger/shocked)

吃惊 vs 吓一跳 (physical startle)

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

吃惊 vs

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

adverbial

Can be used as '吃惊地看着' (looking surprisedly).

separable

You can say '吃过惊' (have been surprised before).

सामान्य गलतियाँ

सुझाव

Separable Verb Rule

Always remember that '吃惊' is a Verb-Object pair. This means you can't put an object after it. If you want to say 'surprised at the news,' you must say '对消息吃惊'.

The 'Big' Surprise

Memorize '大吃一惊' as a single block. It is much more common than saying '非常吃惊' in storytelling and daily life.

Natural Flow

In conversation, if someone tells you something wild, just say '真的吗？我吃了一惊！' to sound like a native speaker.

Sentence Starters

Use '令人吃惊的是...' (What's surprising is...) to introduce an unexpected fact in your essays. It makes your writing sound more advanced.

Tone Check

Pay attention to the first tone in both 'chī' and 'jīng'. They should be high and level. If you drop the tone, it might sound like a different word.

Social Cues

Being '吃惊' can be a form of 'mianzi' (face). Showing surprise at someone's achievement is a way of giving them face.

The 'Eat' Metaphor

Associate '吃' with 'experience.' You are 'eating' the shock. This helps you remember that it's a verb, not just an adjective.

Stronger Shock

If you are truly, deeply shocked (like by a disaster), use '震惊' (zhènjīng) instead of '吃惊'.

Object Placement

Never say '这件事吃惊我'. This is the most common error. Use '这件事让我吃惊' instead.

Daily Usage

Try to use '吃惊' at least once a day when reacting to news or social media posts to build muscle memory.

याद करें

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Sometimes people act '吃惊' to be humble when receiving a compliment.

In some traditional contexts, being too '吃惊' was thought to disturb one's 'qi'.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"你最近听到什么让你吃惊的消息吗？"

"你第一次来中国的时候，什么让你最吃惊？"

"如果我告诉你我中奖了，你会吃惊吗？"

"你觉得他的决定令人吃惊吗？"

"你为什么对他这么吃惊？"

डायरी विषय

写一件让你大吃一惊的事情。

描述一次你让别人吃惊的经历。

你觉得什么样的新闻最让人吃惊？

如果你看到外星人，你会感到吃惊吗？为什么？

为什么有些人不容易感到吃惊？

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

No, '吃惊' is intransitive. You must say '你让我吃惊' or '我对你感到吃惊.' This is a common mistake because in English 'surprise' can be a transitive verb.

吃惊 is a verb-object compound and more colloquial. 惊讶 is an adjective and more formal. You 'eat' a surprise (吃惊), but you 'are' surprised (惊讶).

The most natural way is '大吃一惊' (dà chī yī jīng). You can also say '感到非常吃惊'.

It is neutral. You can be surprised by something good (a gift) or something bad (a car accident). However, '惊喜' is used specifically for good surprises.

Yes, but because it's separable, '吃了一惊' is the standard way to express the completed action of being surprised.

In Chinese, 'eat' (吃) is often used metaphorically to mean 'to experience' or 'to take in' (like 'eat bitterness' for suffering).

Yes, but '令人吃惊' or '感到吃惊' are the preferred forms in formal contexts.

It's an idiom meaning 'to make a big fuss over something small' (literally: big surprise, small wonder).

Yes, '我很吃惊' is common in spoken Chinese, though '我感到很吃惊' is grammatically more complete.

Not quite. '吓一跳' is more about a physical jump or a sudden fright, while '吃惊' is more about the mental state of surprise.