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A2 noun #6,000 よく出る 11分で読める

ابنة عم

ibnat 'amm 上位6,000

練習する例文メモとヒント ابنة عم 30秒で

解説 ابنة عم in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn about family members. You should focus on the basic word 'ibnat' (daughter) and 'amm' (paternal uncle). At this stage, you only need to know that 'ibnat 'amm' means a female cousin from your father's side. You should practice saying 'This is my cousin' (Hadhihi ibnat 'ammi). Don't worry too much about the complex grammar of the 'Idafa' structure yet. Just memorize the phrase as a single unit. Think of it as a label for a specific person in your family photos. You will use it to introduce people simply. For example: 'This is Layla. She is my ibnat 'amm.' It is helpful to draw a small family tree to visualize that she is the daughter of your father's brother. At A1, focus on recognition and simple identification. You should be able to hear the word and know it's a relative, not a stranger. Practice the pronunciation of the 'Ayin' sound in 'amm, as it is one of the most distinctive sounds in Arabic. Even at this early stage, knowing the difference between a paternal and maternal uncle is a great way to sound more like a native speaker.

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At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'ibnat 'amm' in short, simple sentences and understand its grammatical role. You should now be comfortable adding possessive suffixes to it. For example, you should know that 'your cousin' is 'ibnat 'ammuka' (to a man) or 'ibnat 'ammuki' (to a woman). You should also be able to describe your cousin using simple adjectives, like 'My paternal cousin is a teacher' (Ibnat 'ammi mu'allima). You will start to notice the word in basic reading texts about families or in listening exercises where people talk about their daily lives. You should also learn the plural form 'banat 'amm' (paternal cousins). At this level, you are expected to distinguish between 'ibnat 'amm' and 'ibnat khal' (maternal cousin) when asked about your family. You might use the term in a simple role-play about visiting relatives during a holiday. Understanding that the 't' in 'ibnat' is pronounced when followed by 'amm' is an important phonetic milestone for A2 learners. You should also be able to form simple questions using the word, such as 'Where does your paternal cousin live?' (Ayna taskun ibnat 'ammuka?).

At the B1 level, you can use 'ibnat 'amm' in more complex narratives and conversations. You should be able to talk about your relationship with your cousin in detail, perhaps describing a childhood memory or a future plan. You will encounter the term in more varied contexts, such as in short stories or news articles about family events. You should understand how the word functions in different grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive), although you might still make occasional mistakes with the final vowels. You can now use the term to explain family connections to others, such as 'My ibnat 'amm is also my brother's wife,' which is a common scenario in some traditional contexts. You should be aware of the cultural significance of the paternal cousin in Arab society, including historical marriage patterns, even if you don't agree with them. At this stage, your listening skills should allow you to pick up the term in faster, more natural speech, including colloquial variations like 'bint 'ammi'. You can also start using the term in writing, such as in a letter or an essay about your family traditions.

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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'ibnat 'amm' and its place in the Arabic language. You can use it fluently in discussions about social structures, traditions, and legal matters like inheritance. You should be able to understand the word in a variety of dialects, recognizing that 'bint' is the common spoken form. Your grammatical use of the term should be mostly accurate, including correct agreement with verbs and adjectives in complex sentences. You can read literature or watch films where the 'ibnat 'amm' is a central character and understand the social implications of her role. You should also be familiar with common idioms and proverbs that involve the paternal cousin. For example, you might discuss the proverb 'I and my brother are against my cousin, and I and my cousin are against the stranger,' which illustrates the hierarchy of tribal loyalty. At B2, you are expected to use the term with the correct 'Idafa' rules and handle the 'ta marbuta' transformations flawlessly in both speech and writing. You can also compare and contrast the Arabic kinship system with the English one in a sophisticated way.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'ibnat 'amm' should be near-native. You understand the deep historical and linguistic roots of the term. You can appreciate its use in classical poetry (Jahiliyya and beyond), where the 'ibnat 'amm' is often a symbol of honor, tribal duty, or tragic love. You are aware of the legal nuances in different Arab countries regarding the rights and status of the 'ibnat 'amm' in family law. You can use the term in academic or professional discussions about sociology, anthropology, or law. Your pronunciation should be perfect, including the difficult 'Ayin' and the proper flow of the 'Idafa' construction. You can switch effortlessly between the formal 'ibnat 'amm' and various colloquial forms depending on the social context. You should also be able to understand and use complex metaphors involving kinship. In writing, you can use the term to create specific cultural atmospheres or to provide precise genealogical details in a biography or historical text. You are also capable of explaining the 'Idafa' structure and the etymology of the words 'ibna' and 'amm' to other learners.

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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'ibnat 'amm' in all its linguistic and cultural dimensions. You can engage in high-level literary analysis of texts where this relationship is a theme. You understand the subtle differences in how the term is used across the entire Arabic-speaking world, from Morocco to Iraq. You can interpret the legal complexities of inheritance involving paternal cousins in various jurisdictions of Sharia law. You are familiar with the rarest and most archaic forms of kinship terms that might appear in ancient manuscripts or highly specialized academic papers. Your use of the language is so natural that you can use 'ibnat 'amm' in puns, wordplay, and sophisticated humor that relies on family dynamics. You can also discuss the evolution of the term and the social changes that have affected the role of the paternal cousin in modern Arab society. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a window into the deep structure of the Arabic language and the history of the people who speak it. You can teach others about the intricate balance of the Arabic kinship system with total confidence.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

ابنة عم 30秒で

Specifically means the daughter of your paternal uncle (father's brother).
Requires feminine agreement for verbs and adjectives (e.g., ibnat 'ammi tawila).
Distinguished from 'ibnat khal' (maternal cousin) and 'ibnat 'ammah' (paternal aunt's daughter).
In colloquial Arabic, often shortened to 'bint 'amm' or 'bint 'ammi'.

The Arabic term ابنة عم (ibnat 'amm) is a precise kinship term that translates specifically to 'daughter of a paternal uncle.' In the English language, the word 'cousin' is a broad umbrella that covers eight different biological relationships (paternal/maternal, male/female, uncle's/aunt's child). However, Arabic is much more specific, reflecting the historical and cultural importance of lineage, particularly the paternal side (patrilineality). To understand ibnat 'amm, one must first understand the root word عم ('amm), which refers strictly to your father's brother. Therefore, your ibnat 'amm is the girl or woman who shares your paternal grandfather. This distinction is vital in social introductions, inheritance discussions, and family gatherings across the Arab world.

Literal Breakdown: The phrase consists of two words: ابنة (ibnah), meaning 'daughter', and عم ('amm), meaning 'paternal uncle'. In the grammatical structure known as Idafa (possession), they combine to mean 'the daughter of the uncle'.

زرتُ ابنة عمي في المستشفى أمس. (I visited my paternal cousin at the hospital yesterday.)

In many Arab societies, the paternal cousin relationship carries a unique weight. Historically, the ibnat 'amm was often considered the most suitable match for marriage within a tribe to keep wealth and lineage concentrated, a practice known as endogamy. While this is significantly less common in modern urban centers, the term still carries a sense of 'closest female relative outside the immediate nuclear family.' When you use this term, you are not just identifying a relative; you are placing her exactly on the family tree. If you were to use 'cousin' in English, an Arabic speaker would immediately want to know: 'From which side?' Using ibnat 'amm provides that answer instantly.

Cultural Nuance: In some dialects, the 't' in 'Ibnat' is pronounced clearly, while in others (like Egyptian), it might sound more like 'Bint 'amm'. Regardless of the dialect, the paternal uncle's daughter is always distinguished from the maternal uncle's daughter (ibnat khal).

هل هذه ابنة عمك؟ (Is this your paternal cousin? - speaking to a male)

Socially, your ibnat 'amm is often treated like a sister in terms of protection and respect, but unlike a sister, she is a 'marriageable' relative in Islamic law. This duality creates a dynamic of both deep familiarity and formal boundaries. In literature and old poetry, the ibnat 'amm is frequently the subject of romantic longing or family duty. For a learner, mastering these specific kinship terms is the first step toward understanding the complex web of Arab social structures. You will hear this word at weddings, during Eid celebrations, and in any conversation involving family news.

تدرس ابنة عمي الهندسة. (My paternal cousin studies engineering.)

Usage in Formal vs Informal: In Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), ibnat 'amm is the standard. In daily conversation, many Arabs shorten 'ibnat' to 'bint', saying bint 'ammi. Both are perfectly understood and acceptable in most contexts.

سألتُ عن ابنة عمي المريضة. (I asked about my sick paternal cousin.)

جاءت ابنة عمي لزيارتنا. (My paternal cousin came to visit us.)

Using ابنة عم correctly requires an understanding of Arabic possessive structures. Since 'ibnat' ends with a ta marbuta (ة), it transforms into a 't' sound when followed by another word in a possessive phrase. For example, 'ibnat 'amm' (the cousin) becomes 'ibnat-i 'amm' when you add a name or another descriptor. However, the most common way to use it is with personal pronouns attached to the word 'amm. This identifies whose uncle we are talking about, which by extension identifies whose cousin she is.

Possessive Conjugations: To say 'my paternal cousin', use ابنة عمي (ibnat 'ammi). To say 'your paternal cousin' (to a male), use ابنة عمكَ (ibnat 'ammika). For a female, use ابنة عمكِ (ibnat 'ammiki).

هل ابنة عمك تعمل هنا؟ (Does your paternal cousin work here?)

When constructing sentences, remember that 'ibnat' is feminine. Any adjectives describing her, or verbs where she is the subject, must also be feminine. If you say 'My cousin is tall', you must use the feminine form of tall: ibnat 'ammi tawila. If she is traveling, you say ibnat 'ammi tusafir. This agreement is a fundamental rule of Arabic grammar that learners at the A2 level must begin to internalize.

Contextual Placement: The term can appear as the subject (The cousin arrived), the object (I saw the cousin), or after a preposition (I went with the cousin). In each case, the vowels at the end of 'ibnat' might change in formal grammar (ibnatu, ibnata, ibnati), but the meaning remains 'paternal cousin'.

تحدثتُ مع ابنة عمي هاتفياً. (I spoke with my paternal cousin on the phone.)

Furthermore, in more complex sentences involving the whole family, you might need to distinguish between multiple cousins. You might say 'ibnat 'ammi al-kubra' (my eldest paternal cousin). Notice how the adjective 'al-kubra' (the eldest) follows the entire phrase. This is because ibnat 'amm acts as a single semantic unit in the mind of the speaker.

هذه الهدية لـ ابنة عمي. (This gift is for my paternal cousin.)

سافرت ابنة عمي إلى لندن. (My paternal cousin traveled to London.)

Verbal Agreement: When 'ibnat 'amm' is the subject, the verb must have the feminine prefix 'ta-' in the present tense or the suffix '-at' in the past tense. Example: Najahat ibnat 'ammi (My paternal cousin succeeded).

تحب ابنة عمي القراءة كثيراً. (My paternal cousin loves reading a lot.)

You will encounter the phrase ابنة عم in almost every facet of Arab life because family is the primary social unit. If you are watching an Arabic TV drama (musalsal), you will hear characters referring to their 'ibnat 'amm' frequently. These shows often revolve around family dynamics, disputes over inheritance, or romantic subplots where two paternal cousins are expected to marry. In these contexts, the term carries emotional weight—sometimes representing a close confidante, other times a rival, or a person to whom one has a lifelong duty.

Social Gatherings: At a wedding, you might be introduced to someone as 'ibnat 'ammi'. This isn't just a label; it's a way of placing that person in the social hierarchy. It tells the listener exactly how this person is related to the host.

أعرفك على ابنة عمي، ليلى. (Let me introduce you to my paternal cousin, Layla.)

In news reports or formal biographies, the term is used to establish lineage. For example, if a prominent figure passes away, the obituary will list their survivors, often including their banat 'amm (plural). In legal documents, specifically those related to Sharia law and inheritance, the distinction between ibnat 'amm (paternal) and ibnat khal (maternal) is crucial because paternal relatives often have different inheritance rights than maternal ones.

Literature and Poetry: Classical Arabic poetry is filled with references to the 'ibnat 'amm'. It is often used as a symbol of the 'ideal' beloved from within the tribe. Famous stories like 'Antar and Abla' center on the protagonist's love for his ibnat 'amm.

كانت ابنة عمي أعز صديقة لي في الطفولة. (My paternal cousin was my best friend in childhood.)

In daily life, if you are a guest in an Arab home, your host might mention that the delicious food was prepared by his ibnat 'amm. Here, it signifies trust and family collaboration. Even in modern workplaces, if two people share a last name, a colleague might ask, 'Is she your ibnat 'amm?' to clarify their relationship. It is an essential part of the 'social map' in Arabic-speaking cultures.

هل ستأتي ابنة عمك إلى الحفلة؟ (Will your paternal cousin come to the party?)

تخرجت ابنة عمي من الجامعة بتفوق. (My paternal cousin graduated from university with excellence.)

Religious Context: In religious lessons discussing the life of the Prophet Muhammad, you will hear about his relatives using these specific terms. For instance, Zainab bint Jahsh was his ibnat 'ammah (paternal aunt's daughter), a slightly different but related term.

أرسلتُ رسالة إلى ابنة عمي. (I sent a letter to my paternal cousin.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning Arabic is using a single word for 'cousin'. In English, you can say 'This is my cousin' regardless of whether they are male or female, or from your mother's or father's side. In Arabic, this is impossible. If you use the word ابنة عم to describe your mother's brother's daughter, you are factually incorrect in an Arabic context. You must use ibnat khal for maternal cousins. Mixing these up can cause confusion about your family tree.

Gender Confusion: Another mistake is forgetting the feminine marker. If you are talking about a female cousin, you MUST use Ibnat (or Bint). If you say Ibn 'amm, you are referring to a male cousin (son of paternal uncle).

خطأ: هذا هو ابنة عمي. (Wrong: This [masculine] is my paternal cousin [feminine].)

Grammatically, the ta marbuta in 'ibnah' (ابنة) is often a source of error. When the word is alone, it is 'Ibnah'. But when it is part of the phrase 'Ibnat 'amm', it is written with a 'long t' (ت) or the ta marbuta is pronounced as a 't'. Learners often forget this 't' sound in the middle of the phrase. Furthermore, when adding possessive suffixes, the 't' must be clearly pronounced: ibnat-i, not ibna-i.

Pluralization Errors: Many students try to pluralize both words, saying 'Banat Ammam'. The correct way is to pluralize only the first word: بنات عم (Banat 'amm), meaning 'daughters of [the] paternal uncle'.

صح: بنات عمي يسكنّ في القاهرة. (Correct: My paternal cousins live in Cairo.)

Finally, avoid the mistake of using 'Ibnat 'amm' as a general term for any female relative. Arabic speakers are very proud of their genealogical precision. If you call your sister-in-law or your maternal cousin 'ibnat 'amm', it sounds very strange and technically incorrect. Always trace the relation back to the father's brother before using this specific term.

تجنب قول ابنة عم لابنة خالك. (Avoid saying 'ibnat 'amm' for your maternal cousin.)

هل قلت ابنة عمي أم ابنة خالي؟ (Did you say my paternal cousin or my maternal cousin?)

Pronunciation Pitfall: The 'Ayin (ع) in 'Amm is a deep throat sound. Many beginners pronounce it like a regular 'A' (Amm), which can sound like 'Umm' (Mother) or other words. Practice the deep 'Ayin to be understood correctly.

اسمي مكتوب في رسالة ابنة عمي. (My name is written in my paternal cousin's letter.)

Because Arabic is so specific with kinship, there are several 'cousin' words that you might confuse with ابنة عم. Understanding the differences is key to building a robust vocabulary. The most immediate alternative is the maternal equivalent, and the gendered equivalent. Here is a breakdown of the four main types of female cousins in Arabic:

The Four Female Cousins

ابنة عم (Ibnat 'amm): Paternal uncle's daughter.
ابنة عمة (Ibnat 'ammah): Paternal aunt's daughter.
ابنة خال (Ibnat khal): Maternal uncle's daughter.
ابنة خالة (Ibnat khalah): Maternal aunt's daughter.

ليلى هي ابنة عمي، أما مريم فهي ابنة خالي. (Layla is my paternal cousin, while Maryam is my maternal cousin.)

If you don't want to be so specific, or if you are talking about a distant relative, you can use the word قريبة (qariba), which simply means 'a female relative'. This is useful if you've forgotten the exact branch of the family tree. Another alternative used in very formal or classical contexts is ibnat akhi al-ab (the daughter of the father's brother), though this is redundant because ibnat 'amm already means exactly that.

Dialectal Variations: In the Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Jordan), you might hear bint 'ammi. In Morocco or Algeria, the pronunciation of 'bint' might be shortened further. In some Gulf dialects, they might use the word 'yadda' for certain female relatives, but bint 'amm remains the universal standard for this specific relation.

هل تعرف بنت عمي؟ (Do you know my [paternal] cousin? - colloquial)

When writing, always stick to the formal Ibnat 'amm. In speaking, Bint 'amm is much more natural. If you are describing a group of cousins that includes both males and females, you would use the masculine plural Abna' 'amm (sons of the paternal uncle), as Arabic uses the masculine for mixed groups. However, if the group is exclusively female, you must use Banat 'amm.

كل بنات عمي طبيبات. (All my paternal cousins are doctors.)

تزوج أخي من ابنة عمي. (My brother married my paternal cousin.)

Register and Tone: Using the full 'Ibnat 'amm' sounds educated and clear. In poetry, it sounds nostalgic. In a legal setting, it is precise and necessary. In a coffee shop, 'Bint 'ammi' is the way to go.

سلم على ابنة عمك. (Give my regards to your paternal cousin.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient Semitic languages, the word 'Amm' was sometimes used to refer to a tribal god or a protective ancestor, highlighting the uncle's role as a protector.

発音ガイド

UK /ɪbˈnæt æm/

US /ɪbˈnæt æm/

The primary stress is on the second word 'Amm', but 'Ibnat' has a secondary stress on the first syllable.

韻が合う語

بنت عم (Bint 'amm) ست عم (Sitt 'amm) بيت عم (Bayt 'amm) قصر عم (Qasr 'amm) ابنة غم (Ibnat ghamm) ابنة هم (Ibnat hamm) بنت فم (Bint famm) بنت دم (Bint damm)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'Ayin' as a simple 'A' (Amm).
Dropping the 't' in 'Ibnat' (saying Ibna amm).
Confusing the 'b' with a 'p' sound.
Making the 'i' in 'Ibnat' too long like 'ee'.
Failing to double the 'm' in 'Amm'.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but watch for the Idafa structure.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct spelling of 'Ibnat' with 'ta marbuta' or 'long t' depending on context.

スピーキング 4/5

The 'Ayin' sound in 'Amm' is difficult for English speakers to master.

リスニング 3/5

Must distinguish between 'amm' and 'khal' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

أب (Father) أخ (Brother) ابنة (Daughter) عم (Uncle) عائلة (Family)

次に学ぶ

ابن عم (Male paternal cousin) ابنة خال (Female maternal cousin) خال (Maternal uncle) جد (Grandfather) حفيد (Grandson)

上級

شجرة العائلة (Family tree) صلة الرحم (Kinship ties) الميراث (Inheritance) النسب (Lineage) المصاهرة (Affinity/marriage relations)

知っておくべき文法

The Idafa Construction

ابنة عم (Daughter of uncle). The first word loses its 'Al-' and the second word is in the genitive case.

Feminine Agreement

ابنة عمي مريضة (My paternal cousin is sick). The adjective 'marida' must be feminine.

Possessive Suffixes

ابنة عمي (My), ابنة عمك (Your), ابنة عمها (Her). Suffixes are added to the end of 'amm'.

Ta Marbuta Transformation

The 'ة' in 'ibnah' becomes 'ت' when it's the first part of an Idafa: 'ibnat 'amm'.

Plural of Idafa

بنات عم (Daughters of uncle). Only the first word is pluralized.

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レベル別の例文

هذه ابنة عمي.

This is my paternal cousin.

Uses 'hadhihi' (this - feminine) for 'ibnat'.

اسم ابنة عمي ليلى.

My paternal cousin's name is Layla.

Idafa structure: Name (of) daughter (of) uncle.

ابنة عمي صغيرة.

My paternal cousin is young.

The adjective 'saghirah' is feminine to match 'ibnat'.

أين ابنة عمك؟

Where is your paternal cousin?

Question word 'ayna' followed by the noun.

ابنة عمي في البيت.

My paternal cousin is in the house.

Simple prepositional phrase 'fi al-bayt'.

عندي ابنة عم واحدة.

I have one paternal cousin.

The number 'wahida' is feminine to match 'ibnat'.

ابنة عمي تحب الحليب.

My paternal cousin loves milk.

The verb 'tuhibbu' starts with 't' for feminine subject.

هذه صورة ابنة عمي.

This is a picture of my paternal cousin.

Idafa chain: Picture (of) daughter (of) uncle.

ابنة عمي تسكن في مدينة دبي.

My paternal cousin lives in the city of Dubai.

Present tense verb 'taskun' (she lives).

هل ابنة عمك طالبة في الجامعة؟

Is your paternal cousin a student at the university?

Noun-adjective agreement: 'taliba' (student - fem).

سافرت ابنة عمي إلى المغرب.

My paternal cousin traveled to Morocco.

Past tense verb 'safarat' with feminine suffix '-at'.

أحب أن ألعب مع ابنة عمي.

I like to play with my paternal cousin.

Preposition 'ma'a' (with) followed by the noun.

ابنة عمي تتكلم اللغة العربية جيداً.

My paternal cousin speaks Arabic well.

Adverbial use of 'jayyidan' (well).

اشتريتُ هدية لابنة عمي.

I bought a gift for my paternal cousin.

Preposition 'li-' (for) attached to 'ibnat'.

ابنة عمي ذكية جداً.

My paternal cousin is very smart.

Adjective 'dhakiyya' (smart - fem).

هل تعرف ابنة عمي سارة؟

Do you know my paternal cousin, Sarah?

Apposition: 'ibnat 'ammi Sara'.

كانت ابنة عمي تزورنا كل صيف.

My paternal cousin used to visit us every summer.

Past continuous: 'kanat' + present tense verb.

ابنة عمي التي تعيش في لندن مهندسة.

My paternal cousin who lives in London is an engineer.

Relative pronoun 'allati' (who - fem).

تخرجت ابنة عمي من كلية الطب الشهر الماضي.

My paternal cousin graduated from medical school last month.

Verb 'takharrat' (graduated).

سأذهب إلى حفلة زفاف ابنة عمي غداً.

I will go to my paternal cousin's wedding tomorrow.

Future tense 'sa-' + verb.

ابنة عمي هي أقرب صديقة لي منذ الطفولة.

My paternal cousin has been my closest friend since childhood.

Superlative 'aqrab' (closest).

تعمل ابنة عمي في شركة دولية كبيرة.

My paternal cousin works in a large international company.

Noun-adjective agreement for 'sharika' (company).

هل سمعتَ أخباراً عن ابنة عمي مؤخراً؟

Have you heard any news about my paternal cousin lately?

Preposition 'an' (about).

ابنة عمي تجيد العزف على البيانو.

My paternal cousin is good at playing the piano.

Verb 'tujidu' (is good at/masters).

لطالما كانت ابنة عمي مثالاً يحتذى به في الأخلاق.

My paternal cousin has always been a role model in ethics.

Passive structure 'yuhtadha bihi' (to be followed/emulated).

رغم بعد المسافة، ما زلتُ على تواصل مع ابنة عمي.

Despite the distance, I am still in contact with my paternal cousin.

'Ma ziltu' (I am still).

قررت ابنة عمي متابعة دراستها العليا في الخارج.

My paternal cousin decided to pursue her higher studies abroad.

Masdar 'mutaba'a' (pursuing/following).

تعتبر ابنة عمي من أبرز الناشطات في حقوق المرأة.

My paternal cousin is considered one of the most prominent women's rights activists.

Passive verb 'tu'tabar' (is considered).

كان لابنة عمي دور كبير في تنظيم هذا المؤتمر.

My paternal cousin had a major role in organizing this conference.

Possessive 'li-' construction for 'had'.

لا أستطيع أن أنسى فضل ابنة عمي عليّ.

I cannot forget the kindness my paternal cousin showed me.

Negative 'la astati'u' (I cannot).

ابنة عمي تمتلك موهبة فطرية في الرسم.

My paternal cousin possesses an innate talent for painting.

Verb 'tamliku' (possesses).

ناقشتُ مع ابنة عمي مشروعنا الجديد.

I discussed our new project with my paternal cousin.

Past tense 'naqashtu' (I discussed).

تجسد ابنة عمي في روايتها الجديدة صراعات الهوية.

My paternal cousin embodies identity conflicts in her new novel.

Verb 'tujassidu' (embodies).

أبدت ابنة عمي تحفظاً على بعض بنود الاتفاقية.

My paternal cousin expressed reservations about some clauses of the agreement.

Collocation 'abdat tahaffudhan' (expressed reservation).

لطالما دافعت ابنة عمي عن القضايا العادلة بكل جوارحها.

My paternal cousin has always defended just causes with all her heart.

Idiomatic 'bikulli jawarihiha' (with all her senses/heart).

تتسم ابنة عمي برؤية ثاقبة في تحليل الأمور السياسية.

My paternal cousin is characterized by a piercing insight in analyzing political matters.

Verb 'tattasimu' (is characterized by).

ساهمت ابنة عمي بشكل فعال في إثراء المحتوى العربي.

My paternal cousin contributed effectively to enriching Arabic content.

Masdar 'ithra'' (enriching).

حازت ابنة عمي على جائزة التميز في البحث العلمي.

My paternal cousin won the excellence award in scientific research.

Verb 'hazat' (won/attained).

تعد ابنة عمي مرجعاً في تاريخ الفن الإسلامي.

My paternal cousin is considered a reference in the history of Islamic art.

Noun 'marji'an' (a reference).

أثنت ابنة عمي على الجهود المبذولة في المشروع.

My paternal cousin praised the efforts made in the project.

Verb 'athnat' (praised).

تستحضر ابنة عمي في أشعارها عبق الماضي وروح الحداثة.

My paternal cousin evokes in her poems the scent of the past and the spirit of modernity.

Verb 'tastahdiru' (evokes/calls forth).

لا تني ابنة عمي تبهرنا بقدرتها على استيعاب أعقد النظريات.

My paternal cousin never ceases to amaze us with her ability to grasp the most complex theories.

Negative 'la tani' (never ceases).

خاضت ابنة عمي غمار السياسة في سن مبكرة.

My paternal cousin entered the fray of politics at an early age.

Idiom 'khadat ghimar' (entered the fray/depths).

تتجلى حكمة ابنة عمي في قراراتها الحاسمة وقت الأزمات.

My paternal cousin's wisdom is manifest in her decisive decisions during times of crisis.

Verb 'tatajalla' (is manifest/evident).

إن ابنة عمي لخير مثال للمرأة العربية المعاصرة.

Indeed, my paternal cousin is the best example of the contemporary Arab woman.

Emphatic 'inna' and 'la-' prefix.

ما انفكّت ابنة عمي تسعى وراء الحقيقة مهما كلف الثمن.

My paternal cousin has not ceased to seek the truth, whatever the cost.

'Ma infakkat' (has not ceased).

تنهل ابنة عمي من معين المعرفة الذي لا ينضب.

My paternal cousin draws from the inexhaustible spring of knowledge.

Metaphor 'ma'in al-ma'rifa' (spring of knowledge).

أضفت ابنة عمي لمسة من الجمال على كل ما تلمسه.

My paternal cousin added a touch of beauty to everything she touches.

Verb 'adhat' (added/bestowed).

よく使う組み合わせ

زواج ابنة العم

زيارة ابنة العم

ميراث ابنة العم

بيت ابنة العم

ابنة عمي العزيزة

حفل زفاف ابنة العم

ابنة عمي الكبرى

ابنة عمي الصغرى

ابنة عمي الوحيدة

صداقة ابنة العم

よく使うフレーズ

يا ابنة عمي

— O my paternal cousin. Used as a direct address.

يا ابنة عمي، هل يمكنك مساعدتي؟

هي بمثابة ابنة عمي

— She is like a paternal cousin to me. Used for close friends.

سارة صديقتي وهي بمثابة ابنة عمي.

ابنة عم لزم

— A direct/real paternal cousin (not distant).

ليلى هي ابنة عم لزم.

بنات العم

— The paternal cousins (plural).

اجتمعت بنات العم في الحديقة.

حق ابنة العم

— The right of the paternal cousin (often regarding marriage or protection).

في التقاليد، كان هناك ما يسمى بحق ابنة العم.

أولاد وبنات العم

— The children of the paternal uncle (mixed group).

نحن نجتمع دائماً مع أولاد وبنات العم.

ابنة عمي من الرضاعة

— Paternal cousin through breastfeeding (Islamic kinship).

هي ابنة عمي من الرضاعة.

خطوبة ابنة العم

— The engagement of the paternal cousin.

احتفلنا بخطوبة ابنة عمي.

هدية لابنة العم

— A gift for the paternal cousin.

اشتريت هدية لابنة عمي بمناسبة نجاحها.

نصيحة ابنة العم

— The paternal cousin's advice.

أخذت بنصيحة ابنة عمي الحكيمة.

よく混同される語

ابنة عم vs ابنة خال

This is your mother's brother's daughter. Using 'ibnat 'amm' for her is a common error.

ابنة عم vs ابنة عمة

This is your father's sister's daughter. The 'ah' at the end of 'ammah' makes the difference.

ابنة عم vs ابن عم

This is the male version (son of paternal uncle). Don't forget the 'at' for females!

慣用句と表現

"أنا وابن عمي على الغريب"

— I and my cousin against the stranger. Refers to family loyalty.

نحن نختلف ولكن في وقت الشدة أنا وابن عمي على الغريب.

popular proverb

"ابنة العم غالية"

— The paternal cousin is dear. Implies she should be protected.

لا تحزنها، فابنة العم غالية.

social idiom

"يا بنت العم"

— A friendly, sometimes respectful way to address a woman of the same tribe/family.

أهلاً بك يا بنت العم في بيتنا.

informal

"ستر وغطاء"

— Protection and covering. Often said about the cousin-marriage relationship.

ابن العم ستر وغطاء لابنة عمه.

traditional

"لحم ودم"

— Flesh and blood. Used to emphasize the biological bond.

هي ابنة عمي، لحمي ودمي.

emotional

"شرف العائلة"

— The family honor. Often linked to the conduct of female cousins.

ابنة العم تحمل شرف العائلة.

cultural

"عزوة وسند"

— Support and strength. Refers to the power of a large family of cousins.

بنات العم عزوة وسند في وقت الضيق.

social

"دم واحد"

— One blood. Emphasizing shared ancestry.

نحن وابنة عمي يجري في عروقنا دم واحد.

rhetorical

"ضلع قاصر"

— A weak rib. An old, somewhat controversial idiom sometimes used for female relatives needing protection.

كانوا يقولون قديماً أن المرأة ضلع قاصر، حتى ابنة العم.

archaic/controversial

"بنت الأصول"

— A girl of good roots. Often used to describe a well-mannered cousin.

ابنة عمي بنت أصول ومربية جيداً.

praise

間違えやすい

ابنة عم vs عم

Sounds like 'Am' (or/if) in some languages or 'Umm' (mother).

'Amm' is father's brother; 'Umm' is mother. The 'Ayin' sound is unique to 'Amm'.

هذا عمي، وهذه ابنته.

ابنة عم vs ابنة

Often confused with 'Bint'.

'Ibnat' is the formal version; 'Bint' is the more common, shortened version.

ابنة الملك vs بنت الجيران.

ابنة عم vs عمة

Very similar to 'Amm'.

'Amm' is the uncle (male); 'Ammah' is the aunt (female).

ابنة عمي vs ابنة عمتي.

ابنة عم vs خال

Both translate to 'uncle' in English.

'Amm' is paternal (father's side); 'Khal' is maternal (mother's side).

خالي يسكن في مصر، وعمي في الأردن.

ابنة عم vs قريبة

Both mean female relatives.

'Qariba' is general; 'Ibnat 'amm' is specific.

ليلى قريبتي، وهي ابنة عمي.

文型パターン

هذه ابنة عمي [Name].

هذه ابنة عمي ليلى.

ابنة عمي [Adjective].

ابنة عمي ذكية.

ابنة عمي التي [Verb]...

ابنة عمي التي تسكن في لندن.

تعتبر ابنة عمي [Noun]...

تعتبر ابنة عمي قدوة لي.

بالرغم من أن ابنة عمي [Verb]...

بالرغم من أن ابنة عمي مشغولة، فقد زارتنا.

ما فتئت ابنة عمي [Verb]...

ما فتئت ابنة عمي تبهر الجميع.

هل ابنة عمك [Noun]؟

هل ابنة عمك طبيبة؟

ذهبت مع ابنة عمي إلى [Place].

ذهبت مع ابنة عمي إلى السوق.

語族

名詞

ابن عم (ibn 'amm) - male paternal cousin

أبناء عم (abna' 'amm) - male/mixed paternal cousins

بنات عم (banat 'amm) - female paternal cousins

عم ('amm) - paternal uncle

عمة ('ammah) - paternal aunt

動詞

تعمم (ta'ammama) - to take as an uncle (rare/literary)

استعم (ista'amma) - to consider someone an uncle

形容詞

عمومي ('amumi) - general/paternal (related to uncle)

عائلي ('a'ili) - family-related

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in family-oriented cultures.

よくある間違い

Using 'ibnat 'amm' for a maternal cousin. → ابنة خال (Ibnat khal)
You must distinguish between the father's brother ('amm) and the mother's brother (khal).
Saying 'ibna 'amm' without the 't' sound. → ابنة عم (Ibnat 'amm)
The 'ta marbuta' must be pronounced as 't' in a possessive construct.
Using masculine adjectives for 'ibnat 'amm'. → ابنة عمي جميلة (My paternal cousin is beautiful - fem).
'Ibnat' is feminine, so the adjective must also be feminine.
Pluralizing as 'ibnat ammam'. → بنات عم (Banat 'amm)
In Arabic Idafa, you usually pluralize the first word, not the second.
Confusing 'ibnat 'amm' with 'ibnat 'ammah'. → ابنة عم (Uncle's daughter) vs ابنة عمة (Aunt's daughter).
The 'ah' at the end of 'ammah' changes the relative from uncle to aunt.

ヒント

The 'T' Sound

Remember that the silent 'h' at the end of 'ibnah' turns into a clear 't' sound when you say 'ibnat 'amm'. This is a rule of the Idafa structure.

Family First

In Arab culture, your 'ibnat 'amm' is often considered as close as a sister. Using the term correctly shows you respect family ties.

Deep Ayin

Don't say 'Amm' like 'Ham'. The 'Ayin' is much deeper and does not involve the 'H' sound at all. It's all in the throat.

Specifics Matter

Avoid using 'cousin' in English-to-Arabic translation. Always ask yourself: 'Whose daughter is she?' to pick the right term.

Tree Logic

Visualize your father. Now visualize his brother. His daughter is your 'ibnat 'amm'. Repeat this three times.

Go Casual

In most Arab countries, you can just say 'Bint 'ammi' and everyone will understand you perfectly. It sounds more natural.

Idafa Rule

Never put 'Al-' on the first word of 'ibnat 'amm'. You can't say 'Al-ibnat 'amm'. It's always 'Ibnat al-'amm' or just 'Ibnat 'amm'.

Check Your Suffixes

If you are talking to a man, it's 'ibnat 'ammuka'. If to a woman, 'ibnat 'ammuki'. This small change is very important!

Context Clues

If you hear 'Bint', 90% of the time it's followed by a family member like ''amm' or 'khal'. Listen for that next word!

Daily Use

Try to refer to your own cousins using these Arabic terms in your head to build the habit of distinguishing the sides of the family.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Ibnat' as 'A-B-Net'. A girl caught in the 'Net' of her 'Amm' (Uncle).

視覚的連想

Imagine a family tree where your father has a brother. Draw a line to that brother's daughter and label her 'Ibnat 'Amm'.

Word Web

Family Father Uncle Daughter Lineage Cousin Paternal Home

チャレンジ

Try to find out the names of all your paternal cousins and list them using the phrase 'Ibnat 'ammi [Name]'.

語源

The word 'Ibnat' comes from the Semitic root B-N-Y, related to building or creating (a child is built from the parents). 'Amm' comes from the root '-M-M, which in Semitic languages relates to being wide, inclusive, or general.

元の意味： The daughter of the person who 'includes' or 'protects' the family branch.

Afroasiatic, Semitic, Central Semitic, Arabic.

文化的な背景

Be aware that in some contexts, discussing 'ibnat 'amm' marriage can be a sensitive or controversial topic involving tradition vs. modernity.

English speakers often find the distinction between paternal and maternal cousins confusing because English uses 'cousin' for everyone.

The story of Antar and Abla (Abla is Antar's ibnat 'amm). The marriage of Ali bin Abi Talib to Fatimah (though they were cousins, the terminology is often discussed in religious texts). Numerous Arabic soap operas titled 'Bint al-'Amm'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Family Introductions

هذه ابنة عمي.
أعرفك على ابنة عمي.
هل التقيت بابنة عمي من قبل؟
ابنة عمي تسلم عليك.

Weddings and Events

مبروك لابنة عمي.
حضرنا حفل زفاف ابنة عمي.
ابنة عمي هي العروس.
اجتمعت كل بنات العم.

Talking about Work/School

ابنة عمي طالبة متفوقة.
أين تعمل ابنة عمك؟
ابنة عمي مهندسة ناجحة.
تدرس ابنة عمي في الخارج.

Family News

سمعت أن ابنة عمي مريضة.
رزقت ابنة عمي بمولود جديد.
ابنة عمي ستنتقل إلى بيت جديد.
كيف حال ابنة عمك سارة؟

History/Literature

كانت ابنة العم رمزاً للوفاء.
قصة حب بينه وبين ابنة عمه.
دافع عن ابنة عمه.
تزوج من ابنة عمه ليزيد نفوذه.

会話のきっかけ

"هل عندك ابنة عم تسكن في هذه المدينة؟ (Do you have a paternal cousin living in this city?)"

"ماذا تعمل ابنة عمك الكبرى؟ (What does your eldest paternal cousin do for work?)"

"هل تشبهك ابنة عمك في الشكل؟ (Does your paternal cousin look like you?)"

"متى كانت آخر مرة زرت فيها ابنة عمك؟ (When was the last time you visited your paternal cousin?)"

"هل ابنة عمك تتحدث الإنجليزية؟ (Does your paternal cousin speak English?)"

日記のテーマ

صف علاقتك بابنة عمك المفضلة. (Describe your relationship with your favorite paternal cousin.)

اكتب عن ذكرى جميلة قضيتها مع ابنة عمك في الطفولة. (Write about a beautiful memory you spent with your paternal cousin in childhood.)

هل تعتقد أن زواج ابنة العم فكرة جيدة؟ ولماذا؟ (Do you think paternal cousin marriage is a good idea? Why?)

تخيل أن ابنة عمك ستزورك من بلد آخر، ماذا ستفعلان؟ (Imagine your paternal cousin will visit you from another country, what will you do?)

كيف تختلف 'ابنة العم' عن 'ابنة الخال' في عائلتك؟ (How does 'paternal cousin' differ from 'maternal cousin' in your family?)

よくある質問

10 問

'Ibnat 'amm' is your father's brother's daughter, while 'ibnat khal' is your mother's brother's daughter. Arabic distinguishes between paternal and maternal sides of the family.

It depends on which cousin! If it's your father's brother's daughter, say 'ibnat 'ammi'. If it's a male, say 'ibn 'ammi'.

Yes, 'bint' is a shortened, more common form of 'ibnat'. 'Bint 'amm' is very common in daily speech and dialects.

No, for her you must use 'ibnat 'ammah'. The word 'ammah' refers specifically to the paternal aunt.

The plural is 'banat 'amm' (daughters of the paternal uncle). You only change the first word to its plural form.

It means a 'full' or 'direct' paternal cousin, usually meaning the daughter of your father's biological brother, as opposed to a more distant relative.

Historically, yes, it was very common to keep lineage and wealth within the family. Today, it still happens but is becoming less common in urban and modernized areas.

It is a deep pharyngeal sound made by tightening your throat. It sounds like a constricted 'a' or a slight gagging sound to beginners. Practice is key!

No, it is a phrase made of two words: 'ibnat' (daughter) and 'amm' (uncle), joined in a possessive relationship.

No, the term 'ibnat 'amm' refers to the cousin's relationship to your father's brother, regardless of your own gender.

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