B1 · 中級 チャプター 36

Relative Clauses: Adding Detail with 'Който'

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of connecting ideas to describe people, places, and things with precision.

  • Identify the correct gender and number for relative pronouns.
  • Connect two simple sentences into one fluid, descriptive statement.
  • Apply possessive relative pronouns to indicate relationships between nouns.
Connect your thoughts like a native speaker.

学べること

Construct relative clauses using 'който', 'която', 'което', 'които' (who, which, that). This chapter allows you to combine sentences and provide more information.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Create complex sentences using 'който' to describe specific objects or people.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'чийто' to express ownership in descriptive clauses.

ヒントとコツ (2)

💡

Check the noun

Always look at the noun before the pronoun. Is it masculine, feminine, neuter, or plural?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Който, Която, Което, Които'
💡

The 'Next Word' Rule

Always look at the noun immediately after the blank. Its gender is your only guide for choosing between чийто, чиято, and чието.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Чийто, Чиято, Чието, Чиито' (Whose)

重要な語彙 (5)

който who/which (masc.) която who/which (fem.) чийто whose (masc.) приятел friend сграда building

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Review Summary

  • Noun + [който/която/което/които] + Verb
  • Noun + [чийто/чиято/чие/чии] + Noun + Verb

よくある間違い

You used the masculine 'който' for a feminine noun 'жена'. Remember, the pronoun must match the noun's gender.

Wrong: Жената, който работи тук...
正解: Жената, която работи тук...

Do not add the definite article ('-то') to the noun following 'чийто'.

Wrong: Това е човек, чийто кучето е голямо.
正解: Това е човек, чийто куче е голямо.

You used plural 'кои' for a singular 'момче'. Always match the number.

Wrong: Момчето, кои играят...
正解: Момчето, което играе...

Next Steps

You are doing amazing! Keep practicing these connectors and watch your Bulgarian become much more fluent.

Write 5 sentences describing your family using 'който' and 'чийто'.

Continue to: The Renarrative Mood: Reporting Others' Words

クイック練習 (8)

Select the correct form.

Това са приятелите, ___ ме поканиха.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: които
Приятелите is plural.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Който, Която, Което, Които'

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мъжът, чиято кола е синя.
'Кола' is feminine, so 'чиято' is correct. Also, the comma is mandatory.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Чийто, Чиято, Чието, Чиито' (Whose)

Fill in the blank.

Това е мястото, в ___ живея.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: което
Мястото is neuter.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Който, Която, Което, Които'

Fill in the blank with the correct pronoun.

Това е момчето, ___ играе футбол.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: който
Момчето is masculine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Който, Която, Което, Които'

Correct the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Жената, който пее, е учителка.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: която
Жената is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Който, Която, Което, Които'

Fill in the correct form of 'чийто'.

Това е жената, ___ (f) съпруг е лекар.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: чийто
The possessed object is 'съпруг' (husband), which is masculine. Therefore, we use 'чийто'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Чийто, Чиято, Чието, Чиито' (Whose)

Choose the correct pronoun.

Къде е книгата, ___ купих вчера?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: която
Книгата is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Който, Която, Което, Които'

Find the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Познавам децата, чиито бащата е тук.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: бащата
The noun following 'чиито' (or any 'чийто' form) should not have a definite article. It should be 'баща'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Relative Pronouns 'Чийто, Чиято, Чието, Чиито' (Whose)

Score: /8

よくある質問 (4)

Look at the ending: -а/-я is usually feminine, -о/-е is neuter, and consonants are usually masculine.
No, you must match the gender and number of the noun.
No, it agrees with the thing that is owned. For example, if a man owns a car (feminine), you use чиято.
Yes, it is used for people, animals, and inanimate objects. For example: кучето, чиято каишка е червена (the dog whose leash is red).
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Past Perfect: Actions Before Other Past Actions
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The Renarrative Mood: Reporting Others' Words
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