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A2 noun #2,000 よく出る 5分で読める

der Dienst

At the A1 level, 'Dienst' is usually encountered in simple contexts like 'Dienstag' (Tuesday - though etymologically different, it's a memory hook) or in very basic phrases like 'Was ist dein Dienst?' in a work context. Learners might see it on signs like 'Rettungsdienst' (Emergency Service). The focus is on recognizing it as a type of 'work' or 'service'.
At A2, learners should understand 'Dienst' in the context of jobs and military service. They learn phrases like 'im Dienst sein' (to be on duty) and 'Dienst haben' (to have a shift). This is the level where the distinction between 'Arbeit' (general work) and 'Dienst' (official duty) starts to become important for describing daily routines of professionals like doctors or soldiers.
At B1, the word expands into social and political contexts. Learners encounter 'Wehrdienst' (military service) and 'Zivildienst' (civilian service). They start using compound nouns like 'Dienstleistung' (service/provision) and understand the concept of 'öffentlicher Dienst' (public service). The grammar becomes more complex with genitive uses like 'während des Dienstes'.
At B2, nuances like 'Dienst nach Vorschrift' (work-to-rule) or 'jemandem zu Diensten sein' (to be at someone's service) are introduced. The learner understands the bureaucratic implications of 'Dienstweg' (official channels) and can discuss the pros and cons of compulsory military service ('Wehrpflicht') using the term 'Dienst' fluently.
At C1, 'Dienst' is used in abstract and philosophical ways. It might refer to 'Dienst an der Menschheit' (service to humanity). The learner can handle complex administrative texts where 'Dienstherrschaft' or 'Dienstverhältnis' appear. They understand the subtle differences between 'Dienst' and 'Amt' in a legal or historical context.
At C2, the learner masters the full range of idiomatic and archaic uses. They can appreciate literary uses of 'Dienst' in historical novels or philosophical treatises. They can use the word in high-level diplomatic or legal German, distinguishing between various forms of 'Staatsdienst' and their constitutional implications.
練習する 例文 メモとヒント

der Dienst 30秒で

  • Dienst refers to official duty, particularly in military, medical, or government contexts.
  • Commonly used in phrases like 'im Dienst' (on duty) and 'außer Dienst' (off duty).
  • It differs from 'Arbeit' by implying a more formal, institutionalized obligation.
  • In a military context, it specifically means active service or the duration of enlistment.

The German noun der Dienst is a multifaceted term that fundamentally describes the performance of duties, particularly within a structured or hierarchical environment. In the context of military service, it refers to the period and the specific tasks an individual performs while serving in the armed forces (Bundeswehr). Historically and legally, this encompasses everything from 'Grundwehrdienst' (basic military service) to 'Dienst an der Waffe' (armed service). It implies a sense of obligation, discipline, and official capacity. When someone is 'im Dienst', they are currently on duty, meaning they are active and available for their assigned military or professional tasks.

Militärischer Dienst
The specific obligation to serve in the military, often involving training and active deployment.
Dienstgrad
The rank one holds within the military hierarchy, determining authority and responsibility.
Dienstpflicht
The legal requirement or compulsory service mandated by the state.

"Er hat seinen Dienst bei der Marine im Jahr 2010 angetreten." (He started his service in the Navy in 2010.)

Beyond the military, 'Dienst' applies to civil service, emergency services (Feuerwehr, Rettungsdienst), and general employment shifts. However, the military connotation remains one of its strongest traditional pillars. It carries a weight of formality that 'Arbeit' (work) does not. While 'Arbeit' is the activity, 'Dienst' is the institutionalized role. In a military setting, 'Dienst' is not just a job; it is a status. If a soldier is 'außer Dienst' (a.D.), it signifies retirement or being off-duty. This distinction is crucial for understanding German administrative and social structures where 'Dienst' represents a commitment to the public good or the state's security.

"Der Soldat wurde wegen hervorragender Leistungen im Dienst befördert."

"Während des Dienstes ist das Tragen der Uniform obligatorisch."

Using der Dienst correctly requires understanding its collocations and prepositional use. In a military or official context, the preposition 'in' or 'im' (in + dem) is most common. To say someone is currently working their shift or is active in the military, you say they are 'im Dienst'. Conversely, if they have finished their shift or retired, they are 'außer Dienst'. When discussing the act of performing service, the verb 'leisten' is almost always used: 'seinen Dienst leisten' (to do/perform one's service).

Dienst tun
An older or more formal way to say one is performing their duties.
Dienst nach Vorschrift
A specific idiom meaning to do only the absolute minimum required by the rules, often as a form of protest.

In terms of grammar, 'Dienst' is a masculine noun. Its genitive form is 'des Dienstes' and the plural is 'die Dienste'. In compound words, it often appears as a prefix (Dienstwagen, Dienstgrad, Dienstzeit) or a suffix (Zivildienst, Wehrdienst, Rettungsdienst). When you are talking about military service specifically, 'Wehrdienst' is the more precise term, but in daily conversation within the military, 'Dienst' is the standard shorthand. For example, 'Dienstbeginn' refers to the start of the duty day.

"Nach zwölf Jahren Dienst verließ er die Bundeswehr."

You will encounter der Dienst in several specific environments. Firstly, in news reports regarding the military or national security, terms like 'Geheimdienst' (secret service) or 'Militärdienst' are ubiquitous. In German cities, you will see signs for 'Rettungsdienst' (emergency medical services) on ambulances. In a professional office setting, you might hear about 'Dienstwege' (official channels) or 'Dienstreisen' (business trips). The word carries a connotation of 'officialdom'.

In military barracks (Kasernen), the word is everywhere: 'Dienstplan' (duty roster), 'Dienstschluss' (end of duty), and 'Dienstanweisung' (service instruction). It is a word that defines the rhythm of life for soldiers and civil servants (Beamte). If you watch German crime dramas (Krimis), the police officers will frequently discuss who is 'im Dienst' or 'außer Dienst' during a crime. It establishes the legal authority of the character at that moment.

"Der Dienstplan für die nächste Woche wurde bereits veröffentlicht."

A common mistake for learners is confusing Dienst with Service. While 'Service' is used for customer service in a restaurant or technical support, 'Dienst' refers to the duty or the institution. You wouldn't say 'Der Dienst in diesem Restaurant ist gut'; you would say 'Der Service ist gut'. However, you would say 'Der öffentliche Dienst' (the public service/sector).

Another mistake is using 'Arbeit' when 'Dienst' is required in an official capacity. If a soldier says 'Ich gehe zur Arbeit', it sounds informal and slightly incorrect; 'Ich trete meinen Dienst an' is the proper military phrasing. Also, pay attention to the plural. 'Dienste' is often used in the sense of 'favors' or 'services rendered' (jemandem gute Dienste leisten), which is a more abstract use than the military 'duty'.

Wrong: "Er ist heute nicht bei der Arbeit (when referring to a soldier on duty)."
Right: "Er ist heute nicht im Dienst."

Several words share semantic space with der Dienst. Die Pflicht (duty/obligation) is the moral or legal necessity, whereas 'Dienst' is the actual performance of that duty. Die Beschäftigung is a general term for employment or being busy. Das Amt refers to an official position or office, often held by someone in 'Dienst'.

Wehrdienst
Specifically military service.
Zivildienst
Alternative civilian service for conscientious objectors (historical).
Schicht
A work shift, often used in industrial contexts, whereas 'Dienst' is used in medical or military contexts.

"Sein Dienst am Vaterland war ihm sehr wichtig."

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

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カジュアル

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発音ガイド

韻が合う語
einst weinst

難易度

知っておくべき文法

レベル別の例文

1

Er hat heute Dienst.

He has duty today.

Simple present tense.

2

Der Dienst beginnt um acht.

The service starts at eight.

Subject + Verb + Time.

3

Ist der Arzt im Dienst?

Is the doctor on duty?

Question form with 'im Dienst'.

4

Mein Dienst ist zu Ende.

My shift is over.

Possessive pronoun 'mein'.

5

Das ist ein guter Dienst.

That is a good service.

Adjective ending -er for masculine nominative.

6

Haben Sie Dienst?

Do you (formal) have duty?

Formal 'Sie' address.

7

Der Rettungsdienst kommt schnell.

The emergency service comes quickly.

Compound noun: Rettung + Dienst.

8

Ich brauche einen Dienst.

I need a service/favor.

Accusative case 'einen Dienst'.

1

Er leistet seinen Dienst beim Militär.

He is doing his service in the military.

Verb 'leisten' + 'seinen Dienst'.

2

Während des Dienstes darf er nicht telefonieren.

During duty, he is not allowed to call.

Genitive case after 'während'.

3

Sie tritt morgen ihren Dienst an.

She starts her duty tomorrow.

Separable verb 'antreten'.

4

Der Soldat ist außer Dienst.

The soldier is off duty.

Prepositional phrase 'außer Dienst'.

5

Wie lange dauert dein Dienst?

How long does your duty last?

Interrogative 'Wie lange'.

6

Er trägt im Dienst eine Uniform.

He wears a uniform on duty.

Dative case after 'im' (in dem).

7

Der Dienstplan wurde geändert.

The duty roster was changed.

Passive voice 'wurde geändert'.

8

Nach dem Dienst geht er nach Hause.

After duty, he goes home.

Dative case after 'nach'.

1

Früher war der Wehrdienst in Deutschland Pflicht.

Military service used to be compulsory in Germany.

Imperfect tense 'war'.

2

Er hat sich für den freiwilligen Dienst entschieden.

He decided on voluntary service.

Reflexive verb 'sich entscheiden für'.

3

Der öffentliche Dienst bietet viele Vorteile.

The public service offers many advantages.

Adjective 'öffentlich' in nominative.

4

Können Sie mir einen Dienst erweisen?

Can you do me a favor?

Idiom 'einen Dienst erweisen'.

5

Er wurde vom Dienst suspendiert.

He was suspended from duty.

Passive voice with 'von'.

6

Die Qualität der Dienste muss verbessert werden.

The quality of the services must be improved.

Plural genitive 'der Dienste'.

7

Er ist seit zehn Jahren im auswärtigen Dienst.

He has been in the foreign service for ten years.

Specific term 'auswärtiger Dienst' (diplomatic service).

8

Das Fahrzeug ist nicht mehr im Dienst.

The vehicle is no longer in service.

Negation 'nicht mehr'.

1

Die Soldaten verweigerten den Dienst an der Waffe.

The soldiers refused armed service.

Accusative object 'den Dienst'.

2

Er macht nur noch Dienst nach Vorschrift.

He only does work-to-rule now.

Idiomatic expression.

3

Der Dienstweg muss unbedingt eingehalten werden.

The official channels must be strictly followed.

Modal verb 'muss' + passive.

4

Er wurde wegen einer Verletzung vom Dienst befreit.

He was exempted from duty due to an injury.

Preposition 'wegen' + genitive.

5

Ihre Dienste sind für uns von unschätzbarem Wert.

Your services are of invaluable value to us.

Plural usage.

6

Der Geheimdienst überwacht die Kommunikation.

The secret service monitors communication.

Compound noun 'Geheimdienst'.

7

Er ist ein Beamter im gehobenen Dienst.

He is a civil servant in the upper service grade.

Technical administrative term.

8

Die Bereitschaft zum Dienst ist eine Grundvoraussetzung.

Readiness for duty is a basic requirement.

Noun-preposition combination 'Bereitschaft zu'.

1

Sein ganzes Leben stand im Dienst der Wissenschaft.

His whole life was in the service of science.

Metaphorical use of 'im Dienst'.

2

Die Dienstherrenfähigkeit liegt beim Bund.

The capacity to be an employer of civil servants lies with the Federation.

Legal/Administrative terminology.

3

Er hat sich um das Vaterland verdient gemacht durch treue Dienste.

He has served his country well through loyal service.

Formal idiom 'sich verdient machen'.

4

Die Aufrechterhaltung des Dienstbetriebs war gefährdet.

The maintenance of service operations was at risk.

Complex compound 'Dienstbetrieb'.

5

Er wurde in den einstweiligen Ruhestand versetzt, blieb aber im Dienst.

He was placed in temporary retirement but remained in service.

Legal nuance.

6

Es bedarf einer Reform des öffentlichen Dienstes.

A reform of the public service is required.

Verb 'bedürfen' + genitive.

7

Die Dienste der Agentur wurden in Anspruch genommen.

The services of the agency were utilized.

Idiom 'in Anspruch nehmen'.

8

In seinem Dienstzeugnis wurden seine Leistungen gelobt.

His performance was praised in his service reference.

Compound 'Dienstzeugnis'.

1

Die Dienstbarkeit des Individuums gegenüber dem Staate ist ein zentrales Thema.

The subservience of the individual to the state is a central theme.

Abstract noun 'Dienstbarkeit'.

2

Er quittierte den Dienst aus Gewissensgründen.

He resigned from service for reasons of conscience.

Formal verb 'quittieren'.

3

Die völkerrechtliche Einordnung bewaffneter Dienste ist komplex.

The classification of armed services under international law is complex.

Academic context.

4

Er fungierte als Bindeglied zwischen den verschiedenen Diensten.

He functioned as a link between the various services.

Verb 'fungieren als'.

5

Das Pathos des Dienstes am Nächsten prägte die Ära.

The pathos of service to one's neighbor characterized the era.

Literary style.

6

Die Dienstpflichten wurden bis ins kleinste Detail exekutiert.

The service duties were executed down to the smallest detail.

Formal verb 'exekutieren'.

7

Es herrschte Uneinigkeit über die Auslegung der Dienstvorschriften.

There was disagreement over the interpretation of service regulations.

Noun 'Auslegung'.

8

Sein Wirken war ein uneigennütziger Dienst an der Allgemeinheit.

His work was a selfless service to the general public.

High-register adjective 'uneigennützig'.

よく使う組み合わせ

Dienst leisten
im Dienst sein
außer Dienst
den Dienst antreten
den Dienst quittieren
öffentlicher Dienst
freiwilliger Dienst
aktiver Dienst
Dienst nach Vorschrift
Dienst an der Waffe

よく使うフレーズ

Zu Diensten!

Was kann ich für Sie tun?

Er hat heute Dienst.

Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps.

In den Dienst stellen.

Gute Dienste leisten.

Vom Dienst suspendiert.

Dienstschluss haben.

Den Dienstweg einhalten.

Im auswärtigen Dienst.

よく混同される語

der Dienst vs Service (Customer service)

der Dienst vs Arbeit (General work)

der Dienst vs Beruf (Profession)

慣用句と表現

""

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間違えやすい

der Dienst vs Service

Used for commercial services/restaurants.

der Dienst vs Pflicht

The abstract obligation, not the shift itself.

der Dienst vs Amt

The office or position held.

der Dienst vs Schicht

Industrial shift, not necessarily 'official'.

der Dienst vs Wartung

Technical maintenance/service.

文型パターン

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

legal

In German law, 'Dienst' is a specific type of contract (Dienstvertrag).

nuance

Dienst implies a higher level of formality and responsibility than Job.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'der Service' for military duty.
  • Forgetting the 't' at the end of 'Dienst'.
  • Confusing 'Dienst' with 'Dienstag'.
  • Using 'in Dienst' instead of 'im Dienst'.
  • Pluralizing it as 'Diensten' in the nominative.

ヒント

Genitive Case

Always use 'des Dienstes' when saying 'during' or 'because of' the service.

Compound Words

Learn words like Dienstwagen (company car) to expand your vocabulary quickly.

Public Sector

Understand that 'öffentlicher Dienst' is a huge employer in Germany with specific rules.

Professionalism

Use 'im Dienst' when talking to officials to show you understand their role.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Dienst', look for uniforms or official buildings nearby.

Formal Letters

Use 'Dienstleistungen' when writing business offers to sound more professional.

Work-Life Balance

Remember 'Dienst ist Dienst' to express that work time is strictly for work.

Ranks

A 'Dienstgrad' is a rank. It is the most common use of the word in the army.

Hospital Shifts

Doctors often talk about 'Bereitschaftsdienst' (on-call duty).

Contracts

A 'Dienstvertrag' is different from a 'Werkvertrag' in German law.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Dienst' as 'Duty' + 'Instance'. An instance of duty.

語源

Old High German 'dionōst'

文化的な背景

Working for the state is highly respected and stable.

FSJ (Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr) is a popular form of voluntary service.

Compulsory service was suspended in 2011.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"Hattest du schon mal Dienst am Wochenende?"

"Was hältst du von der allgemeinen Dienstpflicht?"

"Bist du im öffentlichen Dienst tätig?"

"Wie sieht ein typischer Dienstplan bei dir aus?"

"Hast du deinen Wehrdienst geleistet?"

日記のテーマ

Beschreibe einen Tag in deinem Dienst.

Ist der Dienst an der Gesellschaft wichtig? Warum?

Was bedeutet 'Dienst nach Vorschrift' für dich?

Würdest du gerne im auswärtigen Dienst arbeiten?

Reflektiere über deine Zeit im Militär oder Zivildienst.

よくある質問

10 問

Dienst is formal/official duty, while Arbeit is general work. A soldier has 'Dienst', a waiter has 'Arbeit' (though they might have a 'Schicht').

Usually no. Use 'Service' or 'Kundendienst' for that specific context.

It means 'off duty' or 'retired' (e.g., a retired general is 'General a.D.').

No, it is used for police, doctors, firemen, and civil servants as well.

The plural is 'die Dienste'.

It is a form of industrial action where employees do exactly what is in their contract and nothing more.

No, it was suspended in 2011, though there are debates about bringing it back.

It was the alternative service for those who refused to serve in the military for moral reasons.

It is a metaphorical way of saying someone dedicated their life to science.

Yes, it is very common in official, professional, and military contexts.

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